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Citochina - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Proprietà</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recettori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recettori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Recettori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recettori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizzo_in_medicina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizzo_in_medicina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Utilizzo in medicina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizzo_in_medicina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Citochina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 51 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سيتوكين - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيتوكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokinl%C9%99r" title="Sitokinlər - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sitokinlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Цытакіны - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цытакіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Цитокин - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цитокин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="সাইটোকাইন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাইটোকাইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Citokin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocina" title="Citocina - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Citocina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokin" title="Cytokin - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cytokin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokin" title="Cytokin - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cytokin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zytokin" title="Zytokin - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zytokin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Κυτταροκίνη - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυτταροκίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoquina" title="Citoquina - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Citoquina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtokiinid" title="Tsütokiinid - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsütokiinid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitokina" title="Zitokina - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zitokina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سیتوکین - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیتوکین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sytokiini" title="Sytokiini - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sytokiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADticin%C3%A9" title="Cíticiné - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cíticiné" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoquina" title="Citoquina - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Citoquina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ציטוקין - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציטוקין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Citokin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ցիտոկիններ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցիտոկիններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokin" title="Sitokin - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sitokin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="サイトカイン - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サイトカイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ციტოკინი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ციტოკინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%86%A0%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="사이토카인 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사이토카인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinum" title="Cytokinum - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cytokinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokinas" title="Citokinas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Citokinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citok%C4%ABni" title="Citokīni - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Citokīni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="സൈറ്റോകൈൻ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈറ്റോകൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokin" title="Sitokin - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sitokin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="साइटोकाइन - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="साइटोकाइन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokin" title="Cytokin - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cytokin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokiny" title="Cytokiny - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cytokiny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocina" title="Citocina - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Citocina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin%C4%83" title="Citokină - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Citokină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Цитокины - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цитокины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Citokin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytok%C3%ADn" title="Cytokín - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cytokín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Citokin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Цитокин - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цитокин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokiner" title="Cytokiner - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cytokiner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சைட்டோக்கைன் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சைட்டோக்கைன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="ไซโตไคน์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไซโตไคน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokin" title="Sitokin - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sitokin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Цитокіни - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цитокіни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="细胞因子 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细胞因子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212354" title="Collegamento all&#039;elemento connesso dell&#039;archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Le <b>citochine</b> sono <a href="/wiki/Proteina" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteina">molecole proteiche</a> prodotte da vari tipi di <a href="/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula">cellule</a> e secrete nel mezzo circostante, di solito in risposta a uno <a href="/wiki/Stimolo" title="Stimolo">stimolo</a>, e inducono nuove attività come crescita, <a href="/wiki/Differenziazione_cellulare" title="Differenziazione cellulare">differenziazione</a> e <a href="/wiki/Apoptosi" title="Apoptosi">morte</a>. La loro azione di solito è locale, ma talvolta può manifestarsi su tutto l'organismo. Le citochine possono quindi avere un effetto autocrino (modificando il comportamento della stessa cellula che l'ha secreta) o paracrino (modificano il comportamento di cellule adiacenti). Alcune citochine possono invece agire in modo endocrino, modificando cioè il comportamento di cellule molto distanti da loro. Hanno una vita media di pochi minuti. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <i>citochine</i> sono mediatori <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">polipeptidici</a>, non antigene-specifici, che fungono da segnali di comunicazione fra le cellule del sistema immunitario e fra queste e diversi organi e tessuti<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le citochine prodotte da cellule del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_immunitario" title="Sistema immunitario">sistema immunitario</a> sono dette <b>linfochine</b> o <a href="/wiki/Interleuchine" title="Interleuchine">interleuchine</a>. La prima linfochina (<i>migration inhibitory factor</i>, MIF) venne identificata negli anni 1960 da John David e Barry Bloom. </p><p>Queste proteine possono essere distinte in quattro gruppi (basati sulla loro struttura): </p> <ul><li>famiglia delle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ematopoietina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ematopoietina (la pagina non esiste)">ematopoietine</a>, che include diversi fattori di crescita, tra cui l'<a href="/wiki/Eritropoietina" title="Eritropoietina">eritropoietina</a> (EPO) e varie interleuchine;</li> <li>famiglia dei <a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor">TNF</a> (tumor necrosis factor), tra cui il <a href="/wiki/TNF%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFα">TNF-α</a>;</li> <li>famiglia delle <a href="/wiki/Chemochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemochina">chemochine</a>, tra cui MIP-1α e RANTES, importanti nel controllo del <a href="/wiki/Vira" class="mw-redirect" title="Vira">virus</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>;</li> <li>famiglia delle <a href="/wiki/Interleuchine" title="Interleuchine">interleuchine</a> dall'IL-1 all'IL-36.</li></ul> <p>Tra le citochine vi è la importante famiglia degli <a href="/wiki/Interferone" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferone">interferoni</a>, che inducono le cellule a resistere a infezioni virali. L'<a href="/wiki/Interferone_gamma" title="Interferone gamma">IFN-γ</a> viene liberato dalle <a href="/wiki/Cellule_NK" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule NK">cellule NK</a> e dai <a href="/wiki/Linfociti_T" class="mw-redirect" title="Linfociti T">linfociti T</a> e ha come bersaglio gli stessi linfociti T, i <a href="/wiki/Linfociti_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Linfociti B">linfociti B</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Macrofagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrofagi">macrofagi</a>; l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=IFN-%CE%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="IFN-α (la pagina non esiste)">IFN-α</a> viene liberato dai leucociti e agisce sulle cellule normali con azione antivirale. L'<a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_1" title="Interleuchina 1">interleuchina 1</a> viene prodotta dai macrofagi e ha come bersaglio i linfociti T, linfociti B e altri tipi di cellule, come gli <a href="/wiki/Epatociti" class="mw-redirect" title="Epatociti">epatociti</a>, in cui stimola la produzione di proteine della fase acuta come la <a href="/wiki/Proteina_C" title="Proteina C">proteina C</a> e permette l'extravasazione di molte cellule infiammatorie. L'<a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_2" title="Interleuchina 2">interleuchina 2</a> viene prodotta dai linfociti T e agisce sulle medesime cellule, su quelle NK e stimola la proliferazione e il differenziamento cellulare. L'<a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_3" title="Interleuchina 3">interleuchina 3</a> viene liberata dai <a href="/wiki/Linfociti_Th1" class="mw-redirect" title="Linfociti Th1">linfociti T<sub>h</sub>1</a> e agisce sulle cellule emopoietiche indifferenziate come fattore di crescita. L'<a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_4" title="Interleuchina 4">interleuchina-4</a> è liberata dai <a href="/wiki/Linfociti_Th2" class="mw-redirect" title="Linfociti Th2">linfociti T<sub>h</sub>2</a> e ha come bersaglio i linfociti B su cui stimola la crescita e la cosmutazione di classe verso le <a href="/wiki/IgE" title="IgE">IgE</a>. L'<a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_5" title="Interleuchina 5">interleuchina 5</a> viene liberata dai linfociti T e agisce sui linfociti B in cui stimola la produzione di <a href="/wiki/IgA" title="IgA">IgA</a>. L'<a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_10" title="Interleuchina 10">interleuchina 10</a> viene prodotta dai linfociti T<sub>h</sub>2 e agisce sulle cellule T<sub>h</sub>1 inibendole. L'<a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_11" title="Interleuchina 11">interleuchina 11</a> viene liberata dai macrofagi, <a href="/wiki/Cellule_dendritiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule dendritiche">cellule dendritiche</a> e agisce sui linfociti B e sui precursori megacariocitici e induce crescita e attivazione. </p><p>Queste piccole proteine agiscono legandosi a specifici <a href="/wiki/Recettore_(biochimica)" title="Recettore (biochimica)">recettori</a> localizzati sulle <a href="/wiki/Membrana_cellulare" title="Membrana cellulare">membrane cellulari</a> delle cellule bersaglio e ognuno traduce uno specifico segnale che alla fine porterà a modifiche in quelle stesse cellule. I recettori che interagiscono con le citochine sono definiti <i>recettori per le citochine</i> o <a href="/wiki/Recettori_accoppiati_a_chinasi" title="Recettori accoppiati a chinasi">recettori accoppiati a chinasi</a> perché il meccanismo di trasduzione del segnale prevede la mediazione di chinasi quali la JAK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietà"><span id="Propriet.C3.A0"></span>Proprietà</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Proprietà" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Proprietà"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pleiotropia" title="Pleiotropia">pleiotropia</a>: una determinata citochina può agire su differenti tipi di cellule inducendo effetti diversi;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridondanza_(teoria_dell%27informazione)" title="Ridondanza (teoria dell&#39;informazione)">ridondanza</a>: due o più citochine possono agire su una stessa cellula amplificando il loro effetto;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinergia" title="Sinergia">sinergia</a>: l'effetto combinato di due diverse citochine è maggiore della somma dei singoli effetti;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antagonista_(biochimica)" title="Antagonista (biochimica)">antagonismo</a>: l'effetto di una citochina può inibire o controbilanciare l'effetto di un'altra citochina.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recettori">Recettori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Recettori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Recettori"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esistono cinque famiglie di recettori per le citochine, con differenti vie di trasduzione del segnale. </p> <ul><li>I <i>recettori di tipo I</i> legano le emopoietine e usano una via di trasduzione mediata da JAK e STAT, il quale viene <a href="/wiki/Fosforilazione" title="Fosforilazione">fosforilato</a> e migra nel <a href="/wiki/Nucleo_cellulare" title="Nucleo cellulare">nucleo</a>, attivando la <a href="/wiki/Trascrizione_(biologia)" title="Trascrizione (biologia)">trascrizione</a>. Il recettore ha nella sua porzione extracellulare una sequenza di quattro <a href="/wiki/Cisteina" title="Cisteina">cisteine</a> seguite dal motivo <i>WSXWS</i>, dove <i>W</i> è il <a href="/wiki/Triptofano" title="Triptofano">triptofano</a>, <i>S</i> è la <a href="/wiki/Serina_(chimica)" title="Serina (chimica)">serina</a> e <i>X</i> è un <a href="/wiki/Aminoacido" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoacido">aminoacido</a> non conservato;</li> <li>I <i>recettori di tipo II</i> legano <a href="/wiki/Interferone" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferone">IFN</a> e <a href="/wiki/IL-10" class="mw-redirect" title="IL-10">IL-10</a>; hanno come il <i>tipo I</i> una sequenza di quattro cisteine, ma non il <i>WSXWS</i>. La trasduzione è uguale al <i>tipo I;</i></li> <li>I <i>recettori per TNF</i> (TNFR) legano <a href="/wiki/Fattore_di_necrosi_tumorale" title="Fattore di necrosi tumorale">TNF</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FASL&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="FASL (la pagina non esiste)">FASL</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD40L" class="mw-redirect" title="CD40L">CD40L</a>. In questo caso abbiamo due possibili vie di trasduzione con esito finale molto diverso: nel primo caso abbiamo attivazione di una <a href="/wiki/Caspasi" title="Caspasi">caspasi</a> che innesca il processo di <a href="/wiki/Apoptosi" title="Apoptosi">apoptosi</a> cellulare, nel secondo abbiamo un'attivazione genica che porta all'espressione di <a href="/wiki/NF-%CE%BAB" title="NF-κB">NF-κB</a>;</li> <li>I <i>recettori della superfamiglia delle Ig</i> comprendono i due recettori per <a href="/wiki/IL-1" class="mw-redirect" title="IL-1">IL-1</a>, il primo con funzione positiva mentre il secondo, espresso solamente dai <a href="/wiki/Linfociti_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Linfociti B">linfociti B</a>, si comporta come sequestratore della citochina dal momento che non trasduce il segnale;</li> <li>I <i>recettori 7-TM</i> legano le chemochine e usano per la trasduzione le <a href="/wiki/Proteine_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteine G">proteine G</a>, che idrolizzano <a href="/wiki/Guanosintrifosfato" title="Guanosintrifosfato">GTP</a> attivando enzimi come la <a href="/wiki/Adenilato_ciclasi" title="Adenilato ciclasi">adenilato ciclasi</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizzo_in_medicina">Utilizzo in medicina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Utilizzo in medicina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Utilizzo in medicina"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terapie su base citochinica sono in continuo studio e sono una promessa delle terapie biologiche, ormai da anni in studio e realizzate in centri specializzati per specifiche patologie di tipo autoimmune: </p> <ul><li>Sclerosi multipla: modula le IL-2 che sono presenti nell'85% delle patologie;</li> <li>Lupus eritematoso sistemico: modula il Tnfa e alcune specifiche interleuchine;</li> <li>Sclerodermia: presenza di IL-1a IL-12 IL-14, citochine eccitate in presenza di patologia;</li> <li>Artrite reumatoide: presenza di IL-2, IL-4 e IL-6.</li></ul> <p>Le citochine sono prodotte nell'uomo in un quadro infiammatorio, sono recettoriali, quindi hanno specifico recettore, e per questo motivo si preferisce dirigere la ricerca verso le autologhe. L'utilizzo di citochine animali (alcune possono essere presenti, ma sotto stimolo infiammatorio provocato) da donatore umano, rientrano comunque nel quadro delle donazioni di emoderivati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Le citochine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopediasalute.it/1316/citochine">Enciclopedia della Salute</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005059/http://www.enciclopediasalute.it/1316/citochine">Archiviato</a> il 3 dicembre 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Thomas J. Kindt, Richard A. Goldsby; Barbara A. Osborne, <span style="font-style:italic;">Kuby Immunology</span>, 6ª&#160;ed., UTET, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-02-07774-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-02-07774-1">978-88-02-07774-1</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/citochina" class="extiw" title="wikt:citochina">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Cytokines"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cytokines?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/citochina" class="extiw" title="wikt:citochina">citochina</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cytokines?uselang=it">citochina</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citochina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/citochina"><span style="font-style:italic;">citochina</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/cytokine"><span style="font-style:italic;">cytokine</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/citochina/">Citochina</a>, su Treccani.it <i>–</i> Enciclopedie <i>on line, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 15 marzo 2011.</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biopills.net/citochine-chemochine-e-mediatori-lipidici/">Citochine, chemochine e mediatori lipidici</a>, su Biopills.net</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Sistema_immunitario"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sistema_immunitario" title="Template:Sistema immunitario"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Sistema_immunitario" title="Discussioni template:Sistema immunitario"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sistema_immunitario&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_immunitario" title="Sistema immunitario">Sistema immunitario</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_immunitario_innato" title="Sistema immunitario innato">Immunità innata</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Cellule</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Granulociti" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulociti">Granulociti</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Neutrofili" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrofili">Neutrofili</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eosinofili" class="mw-redirect" title="Eosinofili">Eosinofili</a> · <a href="/wiki/Basofili" class="mw-redirect" title="Basofili">Basofili</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Macrofagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrofagi">Macrofagi</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cellule_di_Kupffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule di Kupffer">cellule di Kupffer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">microglia</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Cellule_dendritiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule dendritiche">Cellule dendritiche</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cellula_di_Langerhans" title="Cellula di Langerhans">cellule di Langerhans</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Mastociti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastociti">Mastociti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Linfociti_NK" class="mw-redirect" title="Linfociti NK">Linfociti NK</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Meccanismi</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Infiammazione" title="Infiammazione">Infiammazione</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Toll-like_receptor" title="Toll-like receptor">Toll-like receptor</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citochine</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chemochine" title="Chemochine">Chemochine</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Sistema_del_complemento" title="Sistema del complemento">Sistema del complemento</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cascata_della_coagulazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascata della coagulazione">Cascata della coagulazione</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Immunit%C3%A0_adattativa" title="Immunità adattativa">Immunità adattativa</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Cellule</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Linfocita_T" title="Linfocita T">Linfociti T</a> · <a href="/wiki/Linfocita_B" title="Linfocita B">Linfociti B</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Plasmacellule" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasmacellule">Plasmacellule</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Molecole</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Anticorpo" title="Anticorpo">Anticorpo</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Allotipo" title="Allotipo">Allotipo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Isotipo" title="Isotipo">Isotipo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Idiotipo" title="Idiotipo">Idiotipo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Anticorpo_monoclonale" title="Anticorpo monoclonale">Anticorpo monoclonale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anticorpo_policlonale" title="Anticorpo policlonale">Anticorpo policlonale</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Autoanticorpo" title="Autoanticorpo">Autoanticorpo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antigene" title="Antigene">Antigene</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Superantigene" title="Superantigene">superantigene</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/T-cell_receptor" title="T-cell receptor">T-cell receptor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Complesso_maggiore_di_istocompatibilit%C3%A0" title="Complesso maggiore di istocompatibilità">MHC</a> · <a href="/wiki/Citochine" class="mw-redirect" title="Citochine">Citochine</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_2" title="Interleuchina 2">IL-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_4" title="Interleuchina 4">IL-4</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Meccanismi</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Immunit%C3%A0_umorale" title="Immunità umorale">Immunità umorale</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Immunit%C3%A0_umorale_attiva" title="Immunità umorale attiva">attiva</a> e <a href="/wiki/Immunit%C3%A0_umorale_passiva" title="Immunità umorale passiva">passiva</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Tolleranza_immunologica" title="Tolleranza immunologica">Tolleranza immunologica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Memoria_immunologica" title="Memoria immunologica">Memoria immunologica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Autoreattivit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoreattività">Autoreattività</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reazioni_di_ipersensibilit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Reazioni di ipersensibilità">Reazioni di ipersensibilità</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Allergia" title="Allergia">Allergia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rigetto_di_trapianto" title="Rigetto di trapianto">Rigetto di trapianto</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malattie_autoimmuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Malattie autoimmuni">Malattie autoimmuni</a></i>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Sistema_immunitario" title="Categoria:Sistema immunitario">Tutte le voci sul sistema immunitario</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Infiammazione"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infiammazione" title="Template:Infiammazione"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Infiammazione" title="Discussioni template:Infiammazione"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infiammazione&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Infiammazione" title="Infiammazione">Infiammazione</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Infiammazione_acuta" title="Infiammazione acuta">Acuta</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">mediatori derivati dalle proteine plasmatiche</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Bradichinina" title="Bradichinina">Bradichinina</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sistema_del_complemento" title="Sistema del complemento">Sistema del complemento</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Coagulazione" title="Coagulazione">Coagulazione</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fattore_XII" title="Fattore XII">Fattore XII</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasmina" title="Plasmina">Plasmina</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trombina" title="Trombina">Trombina</a>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">mediatori derivati dalle cellule</th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span style="font-weight:normal;">esecutori</span></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Granulo_lisosomiale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Granulo lisosomiale (la pagina non esiste)">Granuli lisosomiali </a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ammine" title="Ammine">Ammine biogene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Istamina" title="Istamina">Istamina</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Serotonina" title="Serotonina">Serotonina</a>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span style="font-weight:normal;">sintetizzati alla domanda</span></th><td colspan="1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citochine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interferone_gamma" title="Interferone gamma">IFN-γ</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_8" title="Interleuchina 8">IL-8</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fattore_di_necrosi_tumorale" title="Fattore di necrosi tumorale">TNF-α</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Interleuchina_1" title="Interleuchina 1">IL-1</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eicosanoidi" title="Eicosanoidi">Eicosanoidi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leucotrieni" title="Leucotrieni">Leucotriene B4</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandine" title="Prostaglandine">Prostaglandine</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monossido_di_azoto" title="Monossido di azoto">Monossido di azoto</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Infiammazione_cronica" title="Infiammazione cronica">Cronica</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Macrofago" title="Macrofago">Macrofagi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cellula_epitelioide" title="Cellula epitelioide">Cellule epitelioidi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cellula_di_Langhans" title="Cellula di Langhans">Cellule di Langhans</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Granuloma" title="Granuloma">Granuloma</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Fisiopatologia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">tradizionale</th><td colspan="1"><i><a href="/wiki/Rossore" title="Rossore">Rubor</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Calore" title="Calore">Calor</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Tumefazione" title="Tumefazione">Tumor</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Dolore" title="Dolore">Dolor</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functio_laesa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Functio laesa (la pagina non esiste)">Functio laesa</a></i></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">moderna</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Proteina_di_fase_acuta" title="Proteina di fase acuta">Proteina di fase acuta</a>/<a href="/wiki/Febbre" title="Febbre">Febbre</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Reazione_di_fase_acuta" title="Reazione di fase acuta">Reazione di fase acuta</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vasodilatazione" title="Vasodilatazione">Vasodilatazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Incremento_della_permeabilit%C3%A0_vascolare&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Incremento della permeabilità vascolare (la pagina non esiste)">Incremento della permeabilità vascolare</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Essudato" title="Essudato">Essudato</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Extravasazione_leucocitaria" title="Extravasazione leucocitaria">Extravasazione leucocitaria</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chemiotassi" title="Chemiotassi">Chemiotassi</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Apparati</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_nervoso" title="Sistema nervoso">nervoso</a></th><td colspan="1"><i>CNS</i> (<a href="/wiki/Encefalite" title="Encefalite">Encefalite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mielite" title="Mielite">Mielite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Meningite" title="Meningite">Meningite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aracnoidite" title="Aracnoidite">Aracnoidite</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <i>SNP</i> (<a href="/wiki/Assone" title="Assone">Assone</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <i>occhio</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dacriocistite" title="Dacriocistite">Dacriocistite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sclerite_(medicina)" title="Sclerite (medicina)">Sclerite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Episclerite" title="Episclerite">Episclerite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cheratite" title="Cheratite">Cheratite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Retinite" title="Retinite">Retinite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Corioretinite" title="Corioretinite">Corioretinite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blefarite" title="Blefarite">Blefarite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Congiuntivite" title="Congiuntivite">Congiuntivite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Uveite" title="Uveite">Uveite</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <i>orecchio</i> (<a href="/wiki/Otite" title="Otite">Otite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Labirintite" title="Labirintite">Labirintite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mastoidite" title="Mastoidite">Mastoidite</a>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Apparato_circolatorio" title="Apparato circolatorio">circolatorio</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Pancardite" title="Pancardite">Pancardite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Endocardite" title="Endocardite">Endocardite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Miocardite" title="Miocardite">Miocardite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pericardite" title="Pericardite">Pericardite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vasculite" title="Vasculite">Vasculite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Arterite" title="Arterite">Arterite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flebite" title="Flebite">Flebite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Capillarite" title="Capillarite">Capillarite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Apparato_respiratorio" title="Apparato respiratorio">respiratorio</a></th><td colspan="1"><i>superiore</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sinusite" title="Sinusite">Sinusite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rinite" title="Rinite">Rinite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Faringite" title="Faringite">Faringite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Laringite_cronica" title="Laringite cronica">Laringite cronica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Laringite_acuta" title="Laringite acuta">Laringite acuta</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <i>inferiore</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tracheite" title="Tracheite">Tracheite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bronchite" title="Bronchite">Bronchite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bronchiolite" title="Bronchiolite">Bronchiolite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polmonite" title="Polmonite">Polmonite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pleurite" title="Pleurite">Pleurite</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mediastinite" title="Mediastinite">Mediastinite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Apparato_digerente" title="Apparato digerente">digerente</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span style="font-weight:normal;">bocca</span></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Stomatite" title="Stomatite">Stomatite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gengivite" title="Gengivite">Gengivite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Glossite" title="Glossite">Glossite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tonsillite" title="Tonsillite">Tonsillite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scialoadenite" title="Scialoadenite">Scialoadenite</a>/<a href="/wiki/Parotite" title="Parotite">Parotite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cheilite" title="Cheilite">Cheilite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pulpite" title="Pulpite">Pulpite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gantite&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gantite (la pagina non esiste)">Gantite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span style="font-weight:normal;">tratto digestivo</span></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Esofagite" title="Esofagite">Esofagite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gastrite" title="Gastrite">Gastrite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gastroenterite" title="Gastroenterite">Gastroenterite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Enterite" title="Enterite">Enterite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colite" title="Colite">Colite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Enterocolite" title="Enterocolite">Enterocolite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Duodenite" title="Duodenite">Duodenite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ileite" title="Ileite">Ileite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Appendicite" title="Appendicite">Appendicite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Proctite" title="Proctite">Proctite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span style="font-weight:normal;">organi accessori</span></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Epatite" title="Epatite">Epatite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colangite_acuta" title="Colangite acuta">Colangite acuta</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colecistite" title="Colecistite">Colecistite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pancreatite" title="Pancreatite">Pancreatite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pancreatite_cronica" title="Pancreatite cronica">Pancreatite cronica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pancreatite_acuta" title="Pancreatite acuta">Pancreatite acuta</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Peritonite" title="Peritonite">Peritonite</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Apparato_tegumentario" title="Apparato tegumentario">tegumentario</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Dermatite" title="Dermatite">Dermatite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Follicolite" title="Follicolite">Follicolite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cellulite_(infezione)" title="Cellulite (infezione)">Cellulite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Idrosadenite" title="Idrosadenite">Idrosadenite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Apparato_locomotore" title="Apparato locomotore">locomotore</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite">Artrite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dermatomiosite" title="Dermatomiosite">Dermatomiosite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i>tessuti molli</i> (<a href="/wiki/Miosite" title="Miosite">Miosite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sinovite" title="Sinovite">Sinovite</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tenosinovite" title="Tenosinovite">Tenosinovite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Borsite" title="Borsite">Borsite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Entesite" title="Entesite">Entesite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fascite" title="Fascite">Fascite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsulite&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Capsulite (la pagina non esiste)">Capsulite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Epicondilite" title="Epicondilite">Epicondilite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tendinite" title="Tendinite">Tendinite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a 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