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aria-controls="sidenav-5"><span>App solutions</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5"><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-1"><span>AI</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-1"><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-1-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-1-1"><span>AI Toolkit guide</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-1-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ai-toolkit"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" 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class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Discover Firebase for Flutter</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSkeTaBonA" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Get to know Firebase for Flutter</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add a user authentication flow to a Flutter app using FirebaseUI</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-get-to-know-web" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Get to know Firebase for web</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-3"><span>Games</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/games-toolkit"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/achievements-leaderboard"><div><span>Add achievements and leaderboards</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/build-leaderboards-with-firestore#0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Build leaderboards with Firestore</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads"><div><span>Add advertising</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/firestore-multiplayer"><div><span>Add multiplayer support</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add in-app purchases</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add user authentication</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/get-started?platform=flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Debug using Crashlytics</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-flame-brick-breaker" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Intro to Flame with Flutter</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-4"><span>Monetization</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-4"><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-4-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-4-1"><span>Advertising</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-4-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/ads-overview"><div><span>Ads overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads"><div><span>Add advertising</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add AdMob ads to your Flutter app</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-inline-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add an AdMob banner and native inline ads</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/admob/flutter/mediation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Google AdMob mediation</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/interactive_media_ads" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Interactive Media Ads SDK</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-4-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-4-2"><span>In-app purchases</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-4-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/in-app-purchases-overview"><div><span>In-app purchases overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add in-app purchases</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-4-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-4-3"><span>Payments</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-4-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/payments-overview"><div><span>Payments overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/pay" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Google pay package</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-5"><span>Maps</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/google-maps-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add Google maps to a Flutter app</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/maps/flutter-package" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Google Maps package</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-5-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5-6"><span>News</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-5-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/news-toolkit"><div><span>Build a news app</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidenav-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-header">User interface</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/widgets"><div><span>Widget catalog</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-10"><span>Layout</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/tutorial"><div><span>Build a layout</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-10-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-10-3"><span>Lists & grids</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-10-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/basic-list"><div><span>Create and use lists</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/horizontal-list"><div><span>Create a horizontal list</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/grid-lists"><div><span>Create a grid view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/mixed-list"><div><span>Create lists with different types of items</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/spaced-items"><div><span>Create lists with spaced items</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/long-lists"><div><span>Work with long lists</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-10-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-10-4"><span>Scrolling</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-10-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling/slivers"><div><span>Use slivers to achieve fancy scrolling</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/floating-app-bar"><div><span>Place a floating app bar above a list</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/parallax-scrolling"><div><span>Create a scrolling parallax effect</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-11" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-11"><span>Adaptive & responsive design</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-11"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/general"><div><span>General approach</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/safearea-mediaquery"><div><span>SafeArea & MediaQuery</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/large-screens"><div><span>Large screens & foldables</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/input"><div><span>User input & accessibility</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/capabilities"><div><span>Capabilities & policies</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/platform-adaptations"><div><span>Automatic platform adaptations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/best-practices"><div><span>Best practices</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/more-info"><div><span>Additional resources</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-12" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-12"><span>Design & theming</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-12"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/themes"><div><span>Share styles with themes</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/material"><div><span>Material design</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/breaking-changes/material-3-migration"><div><span>Migrate to Material 3</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-12-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-12-4"><span>Text</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-12-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/text/typography"><div><span>Fonts & typography</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/fonts"><div><span>Use a custom font</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/package-fonts"><div><span>Export fonts from a package</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_fonts" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Google Fonts package</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-12-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-12-5"><span>Custom graphics</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-12-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/graphics/fragment-shaders"><div><span>Use custom fragment shaders</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-13" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-13"><span>Interactivity</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-13"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity"><div><span>Add interactivity to your app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-13-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-13-2"><span>Gestures</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-13-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/handling-taps"><div><span>Handle taps</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures/drag-outside"><div><span>Drag an object outside an app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/drag-a-widget"><div><span>Drag a UI element within an app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/ripples"><div><span>Add Material touch ripples</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/dismissible"><div><span>Implement swipe to dismiss</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-13-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-13-3"><span>Input & forms</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-13-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-input"><div><span>Create and style a text field</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/retrieve-input"><div><span>Retrieve the value of a text field</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-field-changes"><div><span>Handle changes to a text field</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/focus"><div><span>Manage focus in text fields</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/validation"><div><span>Build a form with validation</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/snackbars"><div><span>Display a snackbar</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/actions-and-shortcuts"><div><span>Implement actions & shortcuts</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/focus"><div><span>Manage keyboard focus</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-14" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-14"><span>Assets & media</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-14"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/assets-and-images"><div><span>Add assets and images</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/network-image"><div><span>Display images from the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/fading-in-images"><div><span>Fade in images with a placeholder</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/play-video"><div><span>Play and pause a video</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/asset-transformation"><div><span>Transform assets at build time</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-15" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-15"><span>Navigation & routing</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-15"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/tabs"><div><span>Add tabs to your app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/navigation-basics"><div><span>Navigate to a new screen and back</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/passing-data"><div><span>Send data to a new screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/returning-data"><div><span>Return data from a screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/drawer"><div><span>Add a drawer to a screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/deep-linking"><div><span>Set up deep linking</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-app-links"><div><span>Set up app links for Android</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-universal-links"><div><span>Set up universal links for iOS</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/url-strategies"><div><span>Configure web URL strategies</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-16" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-16"><span>Animations & transitions</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-16"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/tutorial"><div><span>Tutorial</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/implicit-animations"><div><span>Implicit animations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/animated-container"><div><span>Animate the properties of a container</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/opacity-animation"><div><span>Fade a widget in and out</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/hero-animations"><div><span>Hero animations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/page-route-animation"><div><span>Animate a page route transition</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/physics-simulation"><div><span>Animate using a physics simulation</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/staggered-animations"><div><span>Staggered animations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/staggered-menu-animation"><div><span>Create a staggered menu animation</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/overview"><div><span>API overview</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-17" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-17"><span>Accessibility & internationalization</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-17"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/accessibility"><div><span>Accessibility</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/internationalization"><div><span>Internationalization</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidenav-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-header">Beyond UI</li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20"><span>Data & backend</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20"><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-1"><span>State management</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/intro"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/declarative"><div><span>Think declaratively</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/ephemeral-vs-app"><div><span>Ephemeral vs app state</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple"><div><span>Simple app state management</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/options"><div><span>Options</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-2"><span>Networking & http</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/networking"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/fetch-data"><div><span>Fetch data from the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/authenticated-requests"><div><span>Make authenticated requests</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/send-data"><div><span>Send data to the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/update-data"><div><span>Update data over the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/delete-data"><div><span>Delete data on the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/web-sockets"><div><span>Communicate with WebSockets</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-3"><span>Serialization</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/serialization/json"><div><span>JSON serialization</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/background-parsing"><div><span>Parse JSON in the background</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-4"><span>Persistence</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/key-value"><div><span>Store key-value data on disk</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/reading-writing-files"><div><span>Read and write files</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/sqlite"><div><span>Persist data with SQLite</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-20-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-20-5"><span>Firebase</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-20-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Add Firebase to your Flutter app</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/google-apis"><div><span>Google APIs</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-21" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-21"><span>App architecture</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-21"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/concepts"><div><span>Architecture concepts</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/guide"><div><span>Guide to app architecture</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-21-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-21-4"><span>Architecture case study</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-21-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study/ui-layer"><div><span>UI layer</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study/data-layer"><div><span>Data layer</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study/dependency-injection"><div><span>Dependency injection</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/case-study/testing"><div><span>Testing each layer</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/recommendations"><div><span>Recommendations</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/design-patterns"><div><span>Design patterns</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22"><span>Platform integration</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/supported-platforms"><div><span>Supported platforms</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/desktop"><div><span>Build desktop apps with Flutter</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-channels"><div><span>Write platform-specific code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-4"><span>Android</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/install-android"><div><span>Add Android as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/splash-screen"><div><span>Add a splash screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/predictive-back"><div><span>Add predictive back</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/c-interop"><div><span>Bind to native code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/platform-views"><div><span>Host a native Android view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/call-jetpack-apis"><div><span>Calling JetPack APIs</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/compose-activity"><div><span>Launch a Jetpack Compose activity</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/restore-state-android"><div><span>Restore state on Android</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/chromeos"><div><span>Target ChromeOS with Android</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-5"><span>iOS</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/install-ios"><div><span>Add iOS as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-latest"><div><span>Flutter on latest iOS</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/apple-frameworks"><div><span>Leverage Apple's system libraries</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/launch-screen"><div><span>Add a launch screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-app-clip"><div><span>Add iOS App Clip support</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/app-extensions"><div><span>Add iOS app extensions</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/c-interop"><div><span>Bind to native code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/platform-views"><div><span>Host a native iOS view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-debugging"><div><span>Enable debugging on iOS</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/restore-state-ios"><div><span>Restore state on iOS</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-6"><span>Linux</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/install-linux"><div><span>Add Linux as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/building"><div><span>Build a Linux app</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-7" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-7"><span>macOS</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/install-macos"><div><span>Add macOS as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/building"><div><span>Build a macOS app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/c-interop"><div><span>Bind to native code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/platform-views"><div><span>Host a native macOS view</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-8" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-8"><span>Web</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-8"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web"><div><span>Web support in Flutter</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/install-web"><div><span>Add web as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/building"><div><span>Build a web app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/wasm"><div><span>Compile to WebAssembly</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/initialization"><div><span>Customize app initialization</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web"><div><span>Add Flutter to any web app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-content-in-flutter"><div><span>Web content in Flutter</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/renderers"><div><span>Web renderers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-images"><div><span>Display images on the web</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/faq"><div><span>Web FAQ</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-22-9" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-22-9"><span>Windows</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-22-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/install-windows"><div><span>Add Windows as build target</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/building"><div><span>Build a Windows app</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-23" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-23"><span>Packages & plugins</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-23"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/using-packages"><div><span>Use packages & plugins</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/developing-packages"><div><span>Develop packages & plugins</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-23-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-23-3"><span>Swift Package Manager</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-23-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-app-developers"><div><span>For app developers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-plugin-authors"><div><span>For plugin authors</span></div></a></li></ul></li><div class="sidenav-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/favorites"><div><span>Flutter Favorites</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Package repository</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-24" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-24"><span>Testing & debugging</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-24"><li class="nav-header">Testing</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/overview"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-24-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-24-3"><span>Unit testing</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-24-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/introduction"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/mocking"><div><span>Mock dependencies</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-24-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-24-4"><span>Widget testing</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-24-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/introduction"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/finders"><div><span>Find widgets</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/scrolling"><div><span>Simulate scrolling</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/tap-drag"><div><span>Simulate user interaction</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-24-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-24-5"><span>Integration testing</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-24-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/introduction"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/integration-tests"><div><span>Write and run an integration test</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/profiling"><div><span>Profile an integration test</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/testing-plugins"><div><span>Test a plugin</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/plugins-in-tests"><div><span>Handle plugin code in tests</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-header">Debugging</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/debugging"><div><span>Debugging tools</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/code-debugging"><div><span>Debug your app programmatically</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/native-debugging"><div><span>Use a native language debugger</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/common-errors"><div><span>Common Flutter errors</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/errors"><div><span>Handle errors</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/maintenance/error-reporting"><div><span>Report errors to a service</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-25" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-25"><span>Performance & optimization</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-25"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/impeller"><div><span>Impeller</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/best-practices"><div><span>Performance best practices</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/app-size"><div><span>App size</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/deferred-components"><div><span>Deferred components</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/rendering-performance"><div><span>Rendering performance</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/ui-performance"><div><span>Performance profiling</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/web-performance"><div><span>Performance profiling for web</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/metrics"><div><span>Performance metrics</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/isolates"><div><span>Concurrency and isolates</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/faq"><div><span>Performance FAQ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/appendix"><div><span>Appendix</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-26" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-26"><span>Deployment</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-26"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/obfuscate"><div><span>Obfuscate Dart code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/flavors"><div><span>Create app flavors for Android</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/flavors-ios"><div><span>Create app flavors for iOS and macOS</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/android"><div><span>Build and release an Android app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/ios"><div><span>Build and release an iOS app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/macos"><div><span>Build and release a macOS app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/linux"><div><span>Build and release a Linux app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/windows"><div><span>Build and release a Windows app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/web"><div><span>Build and release a web app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/cd"><div><span>Set up continuous deployment</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-27" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-27"><span>Add to an existing app</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-27"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app"><div><span>Introduction</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-27-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-27-2"><span>Add to an Android app</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-27-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/project-setup"><div><span>Set up Android project</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-screen"><div><span>Add a single Flutter screen</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-fragment"><div><span>Add a Flutter Fragment</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-view"><div><span>Add a Flutter View</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/plugin-setup"><div><span>Use a Flutter plugin</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-27-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-27-3"><span>Add to an iOS app</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-27-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/ios/project-setup"><div><span>Set up iOS project</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/ios/add-flutter-screen"><div><span>Add a single Flutter screen</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web"><div><span>Add to a web app</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/debugging"><div><span>Debug embedded Flutter module</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/multiple-flutters"><div><span>Add multiple Flutter instances</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/performance"><div><span>Loading sequence and performance</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidenav-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-29" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-29"><span>Tools & editors</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-29"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/android-studio"><div><span>Android Studio & IntelliJ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/vs-code"><div><span>Visual Studio Code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-29-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-29-3"><span>DevTools</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-29-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/android-studio"><div><span>Run from Android Studio & IntelliJ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/vscode"><div><span>Run from VS Code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/cli"><div><span>Run from command line</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/inspector"><div><span>Flutter inspector</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/legacy-inspector"><div><span>Legacy Flutter inspector</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/performance"><div><span>Performance view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/cpu-profiler"><div><span>CPU Profiler view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/memory"><div><span>Memory view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/console"><div><span>Debug console view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/network"><div><span>Network view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/debugger"><div><span>Debugger</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/logging"><div><span>Logging view</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/app-size"><div><span>App size tool</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/extensions"><div><span>DevTools extensions</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/deep-links"><div><span>Validate deep links</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/release-notes"><div><span>Release notes</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/sdk"><div><span>SDK overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pubspec"><div><span>Flutter's pubspec options</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/flutter-fix"><div><span>Automated fixes</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/formatting"><div><span>Code formatting</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-30" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-30"><span>Flutter concepts</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-30"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/architectural-overview"><div><span>Architectural overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/inside-flutter"><div><span>Inside Flutter</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/constraints"><div><span>Understanding constraints</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/build-modes"><div><span>Flutter's build modes</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/hot-reload"><div><span>Hot reload</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link active collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-31" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="sidenav-31"><span>Resources</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="sidenav-31"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/faq"><div><span>FAQ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/books"><div><span>Books</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/videos"><div><span>Videos</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/courses"><div><span>Courses</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bootstrap-into-dart"><div><span>Learn Dart</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/support"><div><span>Get support</span></div></a></li><div class="sidenav-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link active collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-31-8" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="sidenav-31-8"><span>Contribute</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="sidenav-31-8"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="/resources/bug-reports"><div><span>Create useful bug reports</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Contribute to Flutter</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/design-docs"><div><span>Discover proposed features</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-31-9" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-31-9"><span>Reference</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="sidenav-31-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/dash"><div><span>Who is Dash?</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/widgets"><div><span>Widget index</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/flutter-cli"><div><span>flutter CLI</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://api.flutter.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>API docs</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><main class="site-content"><div id="site-toc--side" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#create-an-issue-on-github">Create an issue on GitHub</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#provide-a-minimal-reproducible-code-sample">Provide a minimal reproducible code sample</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#provide-some-flutter-diagnostics">Provide some Flutter diagnostics</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#run-the-command-in-verbose-mode">Run the command in verbose mode</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#provide-the-most-recent-logs">Provide the most recent logs</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#provide-the-crash-report">Provide the crash report</a></li></ul></div><article><header class="site-content__title"><h1 id="document-title">Create useful bug reports</h1></header><div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#create-an-issue-on-github">Create an issue on GitHub</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#provide-a-minimal-reproducible-code-sample">Provide a minimal reproducible code sample</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#provide-some-flutter-diagnostics">Provide some Flutter diagnostics</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#run-the-command-in-verbose-mode">Run the command in verbose mode</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#provide-the-most-recent-logs">Provide the most recent logs</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#provide-the-crash-report">Provide the crash report</a></li></ul></div><p>The instructions in this document detail the current steps required to provide the most actionable bug reports for crashes and other bad behavior. Each step is optional but will greatly improve how quickly issues are diagnosed and addressed. We appreciate your effort in sending us as much feedback as possible.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="create-an-issue-on-github">Create an issue on GitHub</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#create-an-issue-on-github" aria-label="Link to 'Create an issue on GitHub' section">#</a></div><ul><li>To report a Flutter crash or bug, <a href="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/new/choose">create an issue in the flutter/flutter project</a>.</li><li>To report a problem with the website, <a href="https://github.com/flutter/website/issues/new/choose">create an issue in the flutter/website project</a>.</li></ul><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="provide-a-minimal-reproducible-code-sample">Provide a minimal reproducible code sample</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#provide-a-minimal-reproducible-code-sample" aria-label="Link to 'Provide a minimal reproducible code sample' section">#</a></div><p>Create a minimal Flutter app that shows the problem you are facing, and paste it into the GitHub issue.</p><p>To create it you can use <code>flutter create bug</code> command and update the <code>main.dart</code> file.</p><p>Alternatively, you can use <a href="https://dartpad.dev">DartPad</a>, which is capable of creating and running small Flutter apps.</p><p>If your problem goes out of what can be placed in a single file, for example you have a problem with native channels, you can upload the full code of the reproduction into a separate repository and link it.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="provide-some-flutter-diagnostics">Provide some Flutter diagnostics</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#provide-some-flutter-diagnostics" aria-label="Link to 'Provide some Flutter diagnostics' section">#</a></div><ul><li>Run <code>flutter doctor -v</code> in your project directory and paste the results into the GitHub issue:</li></ul><div class="code-block-wrapper language-plaintext"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 1.22.3, on Mac OS X 10.15.7 19H2, locale en-US)</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Flutter version 1.22.3 at /Users/me/projects/flutter</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Framework revision 8874f21e79 (5 days ago), 2020-10-29 14:14:35 -0700</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Engine revision a1440ca392</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Dart version 2.10.3</span></span> <span class="line"><span></span></span> <span class="line"><span>[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 29.0.2)</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Android SDK at /Users/me/Library/Android/sdk</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Platform android-30, build-tools 29.0.2</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Java binary at: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_242-release-1644-b3-6222593)</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • All Android licenses accepted.</span></span> <span class="line"><span></span></span> <span class="line"><span>[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 12.2)</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Xcode 12.2, Build version 12B5035g</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • CocoaPods version 1.9.3</span></span> <span class="line"><span></span></span> <span class="line"><span>[✓] Android Studio (version 4.0)</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Android Studio at /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Flutter plugin version 50.0.1</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Dart plugin version 193.7547</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_242-release-1644-b3-6222593)</span></span> <span class="line"><span></span></span> <span class="line"><span>[✓] VS Code (version 1.50.1)</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • VS Code at /Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • Flutter extension version 3.13.2</span></span> <span class="line"><span></span></span> <span class="line"><span>[✓] Connected device (1 available)</span></span> <span class="line"><span> • iPhone (mobile) • 00000000-0000000000000000 • ios • iOS 14.0</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="run-the-command-in-verbose-mode">Run the command in verbose mode</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#run-the-command-in-verbose-mode" aria-label="Link to 'Run the command in verbose mode' section">#</a></div><p>Follow these steps only if your issue is related to the <code>flutter</code> tool.</p><ul><li>All Flutter commands accept the <code>--verbose</code> flag. If attached to the issue, the output from this command might aid in diagnosing the problem.</li><li>Attach the results of the command to the GitHub issue. <img src="/assets/images/docs/verbose_flag.png" alt="flutter verbose" width="100%"></li></ul><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="provide-the-most-recent-logs">Provide the most recent logs</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#provide-the-most-recent-logs" aria-label="Link to 'Provide the most recent logs' section">#</a></div><ul><li>Logs for the currently connected device are accessed using <code>flutter logs</code>.</li><li>If the crash is reproducible, clear the logs (⌘ + k on Mac), reproduce the crash and copy the newly generated logs into a file attached to the bug report.</li><li>If you are getting exceptions thrown by the framework, include all the output between and including the dashed lines of the first such exception. <img src="/assets/images/docs/logs.png" alt="flutter logs" width="100%"></li></ul><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="provide-the-crash-report">Provide the crash report</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#provide-the-crash-report" aria-label="Link to 'Provide the crash report' section">#</a></div><ul><li>When the iOS simulator crashes, a crash report is generated in <code>~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/</code>.</li><li>When an iOS device crashes, a crash report is generated in <code>~/Library/Logs/CrashReporter/MobileDevice</code>.</li><li>Find the report corresponding to the crash (usually the latest) and attach it to the GitHub issue. <img src="/assets/images/docs/crash_reports.png" alt="crash report" width="100%"></li></ul><p id="page-github-links"><span>Unless stated otherwise, the documentation on this site reflects the latest stable version of Flutter. Page last updated on 2024-04-04.</span> <a href="https://github.com/flutter/website/tree/main/src/content/resources/bug-reports.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View source</a> <span>or </span><a href="https://github.com/flutter/website/issues/new?template=1_page_issue.yml&&page-url=https://docs.flutter.dev/resources/bug-reports/&page-source=https://github.com/flutter/website/tree/main/src/content/resources/bug-reports.md" title="Report an issue with this page" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report an issue</a>.</p></article></main></div><footer id="site-footer"><div class="footer-section footer-main"><a class="brand" href="https://flutter.dev"><img src="/assets/images/branding/flutter/logo+text/horizontal/white.svg" alt="Flutter logo" width="164"></a><div class="footer-social-links"><a class="icon-button" href="https://medium.com/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's Medium blog"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/medium.svg#medium"></use></svg> </a><a class="icon-button" href="https://youtube.com/@flutterdev" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's YouTube"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/youtube.svg#youtube"></use></svg> </a><a class="icon-button" href="https://github.com/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's GitHub"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/github.svg#github"></use></svg> </a><a class="icon-button" href="https://bsky.app/profile/flutter.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's Bluesky"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/bluesky.svg#bluesky"></use></svg> </a><a class="icon-button" href="https://twitter.com/FlutterDev" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Flutter's X (Twitter)"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/x.svg#x"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="footer-section footer-tray"><div class="footer-licenses">Except as otherwise noted, this site is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</a>.</div><div class="footer-utility-links"><ul><li><a href="/tos" title="Terms of use">Terms</a></li><li><a href="/brand" title="Brand usage guidelines">Brand</a></li><li><a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Privacy policy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="/security" title="Security philosophy and practices">Security</a></li></ul></div></div></footer></div><script src="/assets/js/tabs.js?v=4"></script><script src="/assets/js/archive.js?v=4"></script><script src="/assets/js/main.js?v=4"></script></body></html>