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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Course" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Course"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Course</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Course-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basin_and_hydrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basin_and_hydrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Basin and hydrology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basin_and_hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements_and_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements_and_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Settlements and economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements_and_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نهر أسام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهر أسام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Осъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Осъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ssam" title="Òssam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Òssam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C5%ADm" title="Osŭm – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Osŭm" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C4%83m" title="Osăm – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osăm" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossam" title="Ossam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ossam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osam" title="Osam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Osam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Օսամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osam_(rijeka)" title="Osam (rijeka) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Osam (rijeka)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osam" title="Osam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Osam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C4%83m" title="Osăm – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osăm" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osam" title="Osam – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Osam" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama" title="Osama – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Osama" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osemas" title="Osemas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Osemas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oszam" title="Oszam – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oszam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ოსამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოსამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اسام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osam" title="Osam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Osam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A0%E5%B7%9D_(%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2)" title="オスム川 (ブルガリア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オスム川 (ブルガリア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osam" title="Osam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Osam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osam" title="Osam – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Osam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اوسام دریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوسام دریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osym" title="Osym – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osym" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C4%83m" title="Osăm – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Osăm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Осым – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осым" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Осам (река) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Осам (река)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm" title="Osm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Osm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osam_Nehri" title="Osam Nehri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osam Nehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Осам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Осам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%91%9F%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%B3" title="奧瑟姆河 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奧瑟姆河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q845988#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Osam" title="View the content page 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">River in Bulgaria</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Osam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:River_Osam_at_Devetaki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/River_Osam_at_Devetaki.jpg/250px-River_Osam_at_Devetaki.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/River_Osam_at_Devetaki.jpg/375px-River_Osam_at_Devetaki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/River_Osam_at_Devetaki.jpg/500px-River_Osam_at_Devetaki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_e2926f98d0448b15d05501971ea9b74cf1caee96"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Osam&revid=1257786329&groups=_e2926f98d0448b15d05501971ea9b74cf1caee96" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Osam&revid=1257786329&groups=_e2926f98d0448b15d05501971ea9b74cf1caee96 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data">SW of <a href="/wiki/Levski_Peak_(Bulgaria)" title="Levski Peak (Bulgaria)">Levski Peak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Osam&params=42_43_10.92_N_24_46_48_E_region:BG_type:river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°43′10.92″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°46′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.7197000°N 24.78000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.7197000; 24.78000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,880 m (6,170 ft)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Osam&params=43_42_5.04_N_24_51_19.08_E_region:BG_type:river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°42′5.04″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°51′19.08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.7014000°N 24.8553000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.7014000; 24.8553000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • elevation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22 m (72 ft)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">314 km (195 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basin size</th><td class="infobox-data">2,824 km<sup>2</sup> (1,090 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Basin features</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Progression</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>→ <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Osam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">Осъм</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bg-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">[ˈɔsɐm]</a></span>) is a river in northern <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, a right tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>. Its length including the <a href="/wiki/Main_stem" title="Main stem">main stem</a> Cherni (Black) Osam is 314 km, making it the fifth longest river in Bulgaria. The river proper, formed by the confluence of the Cherni and Beli (White) Osam, is 278 km.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Course">Course</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steneto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steneto.jpg/220px-Steneto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steneto.jpg/330px-Steneto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steneto.jpg/440px-Steneto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption>Gorge of the Cherni Osam</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD_-_panoramio_(24).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Osam at <a href="/wiki/Troyan" title="Troyan">Troyan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The main stem the Cherni Osam is 36 km long and takes its source at an altitude of 1,880 m on the southwestern foothills of the summit of <a href="/wiki/Levski_Peak_(Bulgaria)" title="Levski Peak (Bulgaria)">Levski</a> (2,166 m) in the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a> and flows north.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_537_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_537-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other stem, the 28 km long Beli Osam, springs at an altitude of 1,560 m northeast of the summit of Ushite (1,637 m) in the Troyan section of the Balkan Mountains and flows northeast in a deep forested valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_39_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_39-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The river proper forms by the confluence of the Beli Osam (left branch) and the Cherni Osam (right branch) at an altitude of 371 m in the northern outskirt of the town of <a href="/wiki/Troyan" title="Troyan">Troyan</a>. It flows north to the town of <a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech">Lovech</a> and then turns northeast until the town of <a href="/wiki/Levski,_Pleven_Province" title="Levski, Pleven Province">Levski</a>. In the fore-Balkan between Troyan and <a href="/wiki/Aleksandrovo,_Lovech_Province" title="Aleksandrovo, Lovech Province">Aleksandrovo</a> the Osam flows in a deep ravine-like valley. Downstream of Aleksandrovo the river enters the <a href="/wiki/Danubian_Plain_(Bulgaria)" title="Danubian Plain (Bulgaria)">Danubian Plain</a>, forming an asymmetrical valley with steeper right and gentle left slopes. From Levski the Osam's general direction is northwest. The riverbed widens and due to the small <a href="/wiki/Grade_(slope)" title="Grade (slope)">gradient</a> meanders in all directions. In this section the riverbed is corrected with water protection dikes; the bottom changes from stony to sandy. It flows into the Danube at an altitude of 22 m between the town of <a href="/wiki/Nikopol,_Bulgaria" title="Nikopol, Bulgaria">Nikopol</a> to the east and the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherkovitsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cherkovitsa (page does not exist)">Cherkovitsa</a> to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basin_and_hydrology">Basin and hydrology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Basin and hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Osam drainage basin covers a territory of 2,824 km<sup>2</sup> or 0.35% of the Danube's total and borders the basins of the <a href="/wiki/Vit_(river)" title="Vit (river)">Vit</a> to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Barata_(river)" title="Barata (river)">Barata</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yantra_(river)" title="Yantra (river)">Yantra</a> to the east and northeast, all three of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> drainage, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Maritsa</a> basin to the south of the Balkan Mountain's main water divide.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Balkan Mountains the river basin is covered mainly with deciduous forests. Further north in the fore-Balkan section, the catchment area of the Osam is well forested and grassed and high-stemmed woods gradually give way to low-stemmed ones. Its main tributaries are the Shavarna (30 km),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Lomya (39 km).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Osam has a mixed feed of snow, rain and karst waters. Snow and rain feed is prevalent in the Balkan Mountains and the fore-Balkan, rain in the Danubian Plain and underground karst water in the fore-Balkan.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High water is in March–June due to the snowmelt in the mountains; low water is in August–October. The average annual discharge is 9.8 m<sup>3</sup>/s at Troyan and 12.6 m<sup>3</sup>/s at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradishte,_Pleven_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradishte, Pleven Province (page does not exist)">Gradishte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discharge of the Cherni Osam is 3.75 m<sup>3</sup>/s; the discharge of the Beli Osam reaches 3.45 m<sup>3</sup>/s.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_537_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_537-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_39_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_39-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlements_and_economy">Settlements and economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Settlements and economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troyan_Monastery_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Troyan_Monastery_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg/220px-Troyan_Monastery_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Troyan_Monastery_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg/330px-Troyan_Monastery_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Troyan_Monastery_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg/440px-Troyan_Monastery_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>The Osam at the <a href="/wiki/Troyan_Monastery" title="Troyan Monastery">Troyan Monastery</a> by <a href="/wiki/Felix_Philipp_Kanitz" title="Felix Philipp Kanitz">Felix Philipp Kanitz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_the_bar_of_the_Hotel_%22Lovech%22_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/View_from_the_bar_of_the_Hotel_%22Lovech%22_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-View_from_the_bar_of_the_Hotel_%22Lovech%22_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/View_from_the_bar_of_the_Hotel_%22Lovech%22_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-View_from_the_bar_of_the_Hotel_%22Lovech%22_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/View_from_the_bar_of_the_Hotel_%22Lovech%22_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-View_from_the_bar_of_the_Hotel_%22Lovech%22_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Covered_Bridge,_Lovech" title="Covered Bridge, Lovech">Covered Bridge</a> over the Osam and <a href="/wiki/Lovech_Fortress" title="Lovech Fortress">Lovech Fortress</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The river flows in <a href="/wiki/Lovech_Province" title="Lovech Province">Lovech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pleven_Province" title="Pleven Province">Pleven Provinces</a>. There are 13 settlements along its course, including ten villages and three towns. In Lovech province are Troyan (town) in <a href="/wiki/Troyan_Municipality" title="Troyan Municipality">Troyan Municipality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leshnitsa,_Lovech_Province" title="Leshnitsa, Lovech Province">Leshnitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazachevo" title="Kazachevo">Kazachevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slivek" title="Slivek">Slivek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech">Lovech</a> (town), <a href="/wiki/Umarevtsi" title="Umarevtsi">Umarevtsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoglav" title="Yoglav">Yoglav</a> and Aleksandrovo in <a href="/wiki/Lovech_Municipality" title="Lovech Municipality">Lovech Municipality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Letnitsa" title="Letnitsa">Letnitsa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Letnitsa_Municipality" title="Letnitsa Municipality">Letnitsa Municipality</a>. In Pleven Province are located <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kozar_Belene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kozar Belene (page does not exist)">Kozar Belene</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tranchovitsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tranchovitsa (page does not exist)">Tranchovitsa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Levski_Municipality" title="Levski Municipality">Levski Municipality</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batsova_Mahala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batsova Mahala (page does not exist)">Batsova Mahala</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanadinovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanadinovo (page does not exist)">Sanadinovo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muselievo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muselievo (page does not exist)">Muselievo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nikopol_Municipality" title="Nikopol Municipality">Nikopol Municipality</a>. Its waters, especially in the lower course in the Danubian Plain, are utilized for irrigation. The river is the main source for potable water in the settlements with its basin, as well as for the city of <a href="/wiki/Pleven" title="Pleven">Pleven</a>. There are several small hydro power plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost the entire length of the river valley apart is traversed by roads of the national network, including a 14.9 km stretch of the second class <a href="/wiki/II-34_road_(Bulgaria)" title="II-34 road (Bulgaria)">II-34 road</a> Pleven–Nikopol, a 33.3 km section of the second class <a href="/wiki/II-35_road_(Bulgaria)" title="II-35 road (Bulgaria)">II-35 road</a> Pleven–Lovech–Troyan–<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnare (page does not exist)">Karnare</a>, a 55.7 km stretch of the third class III-301 road Kozar Belene–Letnitsa–Lovech, a 15.4 km stretch of the third class III-303 road <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balgarene,_Pleven_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balgarene, Pleven Province (page does not exist)">Balgarene</a>–Levski–<a href="/wiki/Pavlikeni" title="Pavlikeni">Pavlikeni</a>–<a href="/wiki/Dryanovo" title="Dryanovo">Dryanovo</a>, and a 24.5 km section of the third class III-304 road Balgarene–<a href="/w/index.php?title=Debovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debovo (page does not exist)">Debovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along the left bank of the Osam passes a section of railway line Levski–Lovech–Troyan served by the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_State_Railways" title="Bulgarian State Railways">Bulgarian State Railways</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The upper reaches of the Osam fall within the boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Balkan_National_Park" title="Central Balkan National Park">Central Balkan National Park</a>. The upper valley of the Cherni Osam and its gorge in particular is part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steneto_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steneto Reserve (page does not exist)">Steneto Reserve</a>. That area is known for its numerous limestone caves, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raychova_Dupka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raychova Dupka (page does not exist)">Raychova Dupka</a> which is the second deepest cave in Bulgaria with a depth of -377 m.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the left bank of the Cherni Osam south of the village of <a href="/wiki/Oreshak,_Lovech_Province" title="Oreshak, Lovech Province">Oreshak</a> is located the <a href="/wiki/Troyan_Monastery" title="Troyan Monastery">Troyan Monastery</a>, among the largest and most important spiritual sites in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further downstream in Lovech, the river is crossed by the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Covered_Bridge,_Lovech" title="Covered Bridge, Lovech">Covered Bridge</a> and is overlooked by the <a href="/wiki/Lovech_Fortress" title="Lovech Fortress">Lovech Fortress</a>, a major medieval Bulgarian stronghold.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the high right shore of the Osam near the village of <a href="/wiki/Devetaki" title="Devetaki">Devetaki</a> is located the <a href="/wiki/Devetashka_cave" title="Devetashka cave">Devetashka cave</a>, one of the country's most picturesque caves. Along its tributary the Maarata near the village of <a href="/wiki/Krushuna" title="Krushuna">Krushuna</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Krushuna_Falls" title="Krushuna Falls">Krushuna Falls</a>, an atractive <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> cascade.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osam_River857105.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Osam through the Devetashko Plateau"><img alt="The Osam through the Devetashko Plateau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Osam_River857105.JPG/240px-Osam_River857105.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Osam_River857105.JPG/360px-Osam_River857105.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Osam_River857105.JPG/480px-Osam_River857105.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> The Osam through the Devetashko Plateau</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 69.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 67.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BC,_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87_-_Osam_River_Canyon,_Lovech_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Near Lovech"><img alt="Near Lovech" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BC%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87_-_Osam_River_Canyon%2C_Lovech_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/101px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BC%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87_-_Osam_River_Canyon%2C_Lovech_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BC%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87_-_Osam_River_Canyon%2C_Lovech_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/152px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BC%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87_-_Osam_River_Canyon%2C_Lovech_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BC%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87_-_Osam_River_Canyon%2C_Lovech_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/203px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BC%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87_-_Osam_River_Canyon%2C_Lovech_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Near Lovech</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Devetashka_cave_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Devetashka cave near the banks of the Osam"><img alt="Devetashka cave near the banks of the Osam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Devetashka_cave_4.jpg/271px-Devetashka_cave_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Devetashka_cave_4.jpg/407px-Devetashka_cave_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Devetashka_cave_4.jpg/542px-Devetashka_cave_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Devetashka_cave" title="Devetashka cave">Devetashka cave</a> near the banks of the Osam</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_351_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980">Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980</a>, p. 351</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_537-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_537_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_537_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980">Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980</a>, p. 537</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_39-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_39_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_39_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980">Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980">Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980</a>, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980">Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980</a>, p. 292</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.api.bg/index.php/bg/karti/republikanska-ptna-mrezha/">"A Map of the Republican Road Network of Bulgaria"</a>. <i>Official Site of the Road Infrastructure Agency</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Site+of+the+Road+Infrastructure+Agency&rft.atitle=A+Map+of+the+Republican+Road+Network+of+Bulgaria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.api.bg%2Findex.php%2Fbg%2Fkarti%2Frepublikanska-ptna-mrezha%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caves.4at.info/index.php?cave_id=16">"Raychova Dupka Cave"</a>. <i>The Caves of Bulgaria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Caves+of+Bulgaria&rft.atitle=Raychova+Dupka+Cave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaves.4at.info%2Findex.php%3Fcave_id%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulgariatravel.org/troyan-monastery-the-assumption-of-mary-village-of-oreshak/">"Troyan Monastery "Assumption of Mary", village of Oreshak"</a>. <i>Official Tourist Portal of Bulgaria</i>. 8 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Tourist+Portal+of+Bulgaria&rft.atitle=Troyan+Monastery+%E2%80%9CAssumption+of+Mary%E2%80%9D%2C+village+of+Oreshak&rft.date=2020-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulgariatravel.org%2Ftroyan-monastery-the-assumption-of-mary-village-of-oreshak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulgariatravel.org/the-covered-bridge-lovech/">"The Covered Bridge, Lovech"</a>. <i>Official Tourist Portal of Bulgaria</i>. 8 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Tourist+Portal+of+Bulgaria&rft.atitle=The+Covered+Bridge%2C+Lovech&rft.date=2020-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulgariatravel.org%2Fthe-covered-bridge-lovech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulgariatravel.org/hisarya-fortress-lovech/">"Hisarya Fortress, Lovech"</a>. <i>Official Tourist Portal of Bulgaria</i>. 8 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Tourist+Portal+of+Bulgaria&rft.atitle=Hisarya+Fortress%2C+Lovech&rft.date=2020-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulgariatravel.org%2Fhisarya-fortress-lovech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulgariatravel.org/devetashko-plateau-protected-area-birds-directive/">"Devetashko Plateau"</a>. <i>Official Tourist Portal of Bulgaria</i>. 8 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Tourist+Portal+of+Bulgaria&rft.atitle=Devetashko+Plateau&rft.date=2020-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulgariatravel.org%2Fdevetashko-plateau-protected-area-birds-directive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Osam" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Osam">Osam</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Мичев (Michev), Николай (Nikolay); Михайлов (Mihaylov), Цветко (Tsvetko); Вапцаров (Vaptsarov), Иван (Ivan); Кираджиев (Kiradzhiev), Светлин (Svetlin) (1980). <i>Географски речник на България</i> [<i>Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria</i>] (in Bulgarian). София (Sofia): Наука и култура (Nauka i kultura).</cite><span 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Austria" title="Geography of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovakia" title="Geography of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova" title="Geography of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danubemap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Danube"><img alt="Map indicating the Danube" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/120px-Danubemap.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/180px-Danubemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/240px-Danubemap.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reni,_Ukraine" title="Reni, Ukraine">Reni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izmail" title="Izmail">Izmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliia" title="Kiliia">Kiliia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulcea" title="Tulcea">Tulcea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Danube" title="List of tributaries of the Danube">Tributaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iller" title="Iller">Iller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_(river)" title="Lech (river)">Lech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regen_(river)" title="Regen (river)">Regen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isar" title="Isar">Isar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inn_(river)" title="Inn (river)">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morava_(river)" title="Morava (river)">Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1h" title="Váh">Váh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hron" title="Hron">Hron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipe%C4%BE" title="Ipeľ">Ipeľ/Ipoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza/Tisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timiș (river)">Timiș/Tamiš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Morava" title="Great Morava">Great Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timok" title="Timok">Timok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiu_(river)" title="Jiu (river)">Jiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskar_(river)" title="Iskar (river)">Iskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vit_(river)" title="Vit (river)">Vit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olt_(river)" title="Olt (river)">Olt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Osam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_(river)" title="Yantra (river)">Yantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedea" title="Vedea">Vedea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arge%C8%99_(river)" title="Argeș (river)">Argeș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ialomi%C8%9Ba_(river)" title="Ialomița (river)">Ialomița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siret_(river)" title="Siret (river)">Siret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prut" title="Prut">Prut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Main%E2%80%93Danube_Canal" title="Rhine–Main–Danube Canal">Rhine–Main–Danube Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Black_Sea_Canal" title="Danube–Black Sea Canal">Danube–Black Sea Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breg_(river)" title="Breg (river)">Breg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigach" title="Brigach">Brigach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_of_the_Danube" title="Source of the Danube">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Bend" title="Danube Bend">Danube Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Danube" title="List of islands in the Danube">List of islands in the Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Danube" title="List of crossings of the Danube">List of crossings of the Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_of_the_Danube_River" title="Internationalization of the Danube River">Internationalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bulgaria&#124;link=Bulgaria_Lovech_Municipality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lovech_Municipality" title="Template:Lovech Municipality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lovech_Municipality" title="Template talk:Lovech Municipality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lovech_Municipality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lovech Municipality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bulgaria&#124;link=Bulgaria_Lovech_Municipality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lovech_Municipality" title="Lovech Municipality">Lovech Municipality</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech">Lovech</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ablanitsa,_Lovech_Province" title="Ablanitsa, Lovech Province">Ablanitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandrovo,_Lovech_Province" title="Aleksandrovo, Lovech Province">Aleksandrovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahovitsa" title="Bahovitsa">Bahovitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgarene,_Lovech_Province" title="Balgarene, Lovech Province">Balgarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brestovo,_Lovech_Province" title="Brestovo, Lovech Province">Brestovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavdartsi,_Lovech_Province" title="Chavdartsi, Lovech Province">Chavdartsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabrava,_Lovech_Province" title="Dabrava, Lovech Province">Dabrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devetaki" title="Devetaki">Devetaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyrentsi" title="Doyrentsi">Doyrentsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drenov" title="Drenov">Drenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goran_(village)" title="Goran (village)">Goran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorno_Pavlikene" title="Gorno Pavlikene">Gorno Pavlikene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gostinya" title="Gostinya">Gostinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khlevene" class="mw-redirect" title="Khlevene">Khlevene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izvorche" title="Izvorche">Izvorche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakrina" title="Kakrina">Kakrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazachevo" title="Kazachevo">Kazachevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshnitsa,_Lovech_Province" title="Leshnitsa, Lovech Province">Leshnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisets,_Lovech_Province" title="Lisets, Lovech Province">Lisets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malinovo,_Lovech_Province" title="Malinovo, Lovech Province">Malinovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelom" title="Prelom">Prelom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presyaka" title="Presyaka">Presyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyuvene" title="Radyuvene">Radyuvene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skobelevo,_Lovech_Province" title="Skobelevo, Lovech Province">Skobelevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slatina,_Lovech_Province" title="Slatina, Lovech Province">Slatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavyani" title="Slavyani">Slavyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slivek" title="Slivek">Slivek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smochan" title="Smochan">Smochan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokolovo,_Lovech_Province" title="Sokolovo, Lovech Province">Sokolovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanovo,_Lovech_Province" title="Stefanovo, Lovech Province">Stefanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepava" title="Tepava">Tepava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umarevtsi" title="Umarevtsi">Umarevtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladinya" title="Vladinya">Vladinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoglav" title="Yoglav">Yoglav</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lovech_Bridge_Klearchos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lovech_Bridge_Klearchos.jpg/120px-Lovech_Bridge_Klearchos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lovech_Bridge_Klearchos.jpg/180px-Lovech_Bridge_Klearchos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lovech_Bridge_Klearchos.jpg/240px-Lovech_Bridge_Klearchos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4266" data-file-height="2837" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covered_Bridge,_Lovech" title="Covered Bridge, Lovech">Covered Bridge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Osam river</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lovcha" title="Battle of Lovcha">Battle of Lovcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PFC_Litex_Lovech" class="mw-redirect" title="PFC Litex Lovech">Litex Lovech</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radyuvene_treasure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radyuvene treasure (page does not exist)">Radyuvene treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Joseph I of Bulgaria">Joseph I of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Ivanov_(cosmonaut)" title="Georgi Ivanov (cosmonaut)">Georgi Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Dimov" title="Dimitar Dimov">Dimitar Dimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Djankov" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon Djankov">Simeon Djankov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panayot_Pipkov" title="Panayot Pipkov">Panayot Pipkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Houbchev" class="mw-redirect" title="Petar Houbchev">Petar Houbchev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osam&oldid=1257786329">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osam&oldid=1257786329</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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