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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Traditional Māori art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traditional_Māori_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Traditional Māori art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traditional_Māori_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Carving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tā_moko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tā_moko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tā moko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tā_moko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weaving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weaving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Weaving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weaving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explorer_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explorer_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Explorer art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explorer_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century_Pākehā_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century_Pākehā_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>19th century Pākehā art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century_Pākehā_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 20th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creation_of_a_distinct_Pākehā_New_Zealand_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_a_distinct_Pākehā_New_Zealand_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Creation of a distinct Pākehā New Zealand art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_a_distinct_Pākehā_New_Zealand_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Māori_cultural_renaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Māori_cultural_renaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Māori cultural renaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Māori_cultural_renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Late 20th and early 21st centuries</span> 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Arts originating from New Zealand</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hinepare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hinepare.jpg/250px-Hinepare.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hinepare.jpg/375px-Hinepare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hinepare.jpg/500px-Hinepare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Hinepare of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu" title="Ngāti Kahungunu">Ngāti Kahungunu</a> (1890) by <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Lindauer" title="Gottfried Lindauer">Gottfried Lindauer</a>, showing <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">chin moko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pounamu" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand" title="Category:New Zealand">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">Culture of New Zealand</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiwiana1_(greyscale).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kiwiana1_%28greyscale%29.png/150px-Kiwiana1_%28greyscale%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kiwiana1_%28greyscale%29.png/225px-Kiwiana1_%28greyscale%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kiwiana1_%28greyscale%29.png/300px-Kiwiana1_%28greyscale%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Kiwiana" title="Kiwiana">Kiwiana</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_settlers_in_New_Zealand" title="European settlers in New Zealand">Pākehā settlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81_M%C4%81ori" title="Pākehā Māori">Pākehā Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">"Kiwi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">NZ Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori_language" title="Moriori language">Moriori</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Traditions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_humour" title="New Zealand humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori mythology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_Zealand" title="Alcohol in New Zealand">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_and_New_Zealand_dishes" title="List of Australian and New Zealand dishes">Dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%81ng%C4%AB" title="Hāngī">Hāngī</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Festivals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_music_festivals" title="New Zealand music festivals">Music festivals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori religion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of New Zealand">Art</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori art">Māori art</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Zealand">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_poetry" title="Māori poetry">Māori poetry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_New_Zealand" title="Performing arts in New Zealand">performing arts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">Kapa haka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in New Zealand">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_New_Zealand" title="Radio in New Zealand">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_New_Zealand" title="Television in New Zealand">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_sportspeople" title="List of New Zealand sportspeople">Sportspeople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_New_Zealand" title="Cricket in New Zealand">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_New_Zealand" title="Cycling in New Zealand">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_New_Zealand" title="Association football in New Zealand">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball_in_New_Zealand" title="Netball in New Zealand">Netball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_in_New_Zealand" title="Rugby league in New Zealand">Rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_New_Zealand" title="Rugby union in New Zealand">Rugby union</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_New_Zealand" title="List of World Heritage Sites in New Zealand">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="National symbols of New Zealand">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_Zealand" title="Flag of New Zealand">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand" title="Coat of arms of New Zealand">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of New Zealand">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthems_of_New_Zealand" title="National anthems of New Zealand">National anthems</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organisations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_New_Zealand" title="List of museums in New Zealand">Museums and art galleries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/16px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/24px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Culture of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Culture of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>New Zealand art</b> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">plastic arts</a> (including woodwork, textiles, and ceramics) originating from <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and comes from different traditions: indigenous <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori art">Māori art</a> and that brought here including from early European mostly British settlers. </p><p>Visual artwork as defined in New Zealand includes paintings, drawings, carvings, printing such as lithographs and woodcuts, and prints (including books of prints). It also includes photographs, sculptures, collages, models and works of art in the form of crafts, ceramics, glassware, jewellery, textiles, weaving, metalware and furniture. And also 'visual works of art created using computers or other electronic devices'. To be inclusive it also includes 'visual works of cultural expression of Māori and Pacific peoples'.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prehistoric_art">Prehistoric art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prehistoric art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opihi_rock_drawing2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Opihi_rock_drawing2.jpeg/220px-Opihi_rock_drawing2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Opihi_rock_drawing2.jpeg/330px-Opihi_rock_drawing2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Opihi_rock_drawing2.jpeg/440px-Opihi_rock_drawing2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>Charcoal rock drawing at Carters rockpool on the Opihi River</figcaption></figure> <p>Charcoal drawings can be found on limestone rock shelters in the centre of the South Island, with over 500 sites in the South Island<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stretching from <a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura" title="Kaikōura">Kaikōura</a> to <a href="/wiki/North_Otago" title="North Otago">North Otago</a> including at the <a href="/wiki/Takiroa_Rock_Art_Shelter" title="Takiroa Rock Art Shelter">Takiroa Rock Art Shelter</a>. The drawings are estimated to be between 500 and 800 years old, and portray <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">legendary creatures</a>, possibly stylised <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the birds pictured are extinct, including <a href="/wiki/Moa" title="Moa">moa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haast%27s_eagle" title="Haast's eagle">Haast's eagles</a>. They were drawn by Māori, but the meanings of the art is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ink they were drawn with was recorded in the 1920s and included resin and gum from tree's including <a href="/wiki/Pittosporum_eugenioides" title="Pittosporum eugenioides">tarata</a>, and either shark liver oil or <a href="/wiki/Weka" title="Weka">weka</a> fat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are preservation and restoration efforts being made including at 14 limestone caves and overhangs at <a href="/wiki/Opihi,_New_Zealand" title="Opihi, New Zealand">Ōpihi</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Canterbury" title="South Canterbury">South Canterbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rock art is also found in the North Island with 140 rock art sites listed with the <a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_New_Zealand" title="Archaeology of New Zealand">New Zealand Archaeological Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perry Fletchern, historical research consultant expects there believes there are more sites un-discovered on farm land. In general the difference between rock art is that in the North Island there are more carvings and abstract motifs the South Island has more drawings and more figurative forms.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_Māori_art"><span id="Traditional_M.C4.81ori_art"></span>Traditional Māori art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Traditional Māori art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture#Art" title="Māori culture">Māori culture § Art</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KupeWheke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/KupeWheke.jpg/100px-KupeWheke.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/KupeWheke.jpg/150px-KupeWheke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/KupeWheke.jpg/200px-KupeWheke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="1570" /></a><figcaption>Late twentieth century carved house post depicting the navigator <a href="/wiki/Kupe" title="Kupe">Kupe</a>. Although in an essentially traditional style, this carving was created using metal tools and uses modern paints, creating a form distinct from that of pre-European times.</figcaption></figure> <p>Māori visual art consists primarily of four forms: carving <i>(<a href="/wiki/Whakairo" title="Whakairo">whakairo</a>)</i>, tattooing (<i><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">tā moko</a></i>), weaving (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">raranga</a>), and painting (<i>kōwhaiwhai</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was rare for any of these to be purely decorative; traditional Māori art was highly spiritual and as an oral society conveyed knowledge or <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81tauranga_M%C4%81ori" title="Mātauranga Māori"><i>mātauranga</i></a> including spiritual matters and ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is invoking a god or <i><a href="/wiki/Atua" title="Atua">atua</a></i> by using a specific design on an object can make the item more effective due to the Māori world-view of natural and spiritual worlds being closely connected.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Māori art is connected to the art of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moana_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moana Oceania (page does not exist)">Moana Oceania</a> Indigenous groups, the peoples of the wider <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> region. Common across Moana Oceania were <i>whare wānanga,</i> creative hubs of knowledge systems for training specialists (<i>tohunga)</i> including arts specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artistic skills were valued by Māori and leaders were expected to exhibit skills in the arts.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The creation of art was governed by the rules of <a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">tapu</a>. Styles varied from region to region: the style now sometimes seen as 'typical' in fact originates from <a href="/wiki/Te_Arawa" title="Te Arawa">Te Arawa</a>, who maintained a strong continuity in their artistic traditions thanks partly to early engagement with the tourist industry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most traditional Māori art was highly stylised and featured motifs such as the spiral, the <a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">chevron</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Koru" title="Koru">koru</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first university Māori art history course was taught in 1988 by <a href="/wiki/Ngahuia_Te_Awekotuku" title="Ngahuia Te Awekotuku">Ngahuia Te Awekotuku</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Moko_Mead" title="Sidney Moko Mead">Hirini Moko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apirana_Mahuika" title="Apirana Mahuika">Apirana Mahuika</a> have articulated that Māori have for many generations had traditions of art history talking about 'art, its origins, and influences'.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carving">Carving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Carving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whakairo" title="Whakairo">Whakairo</a></div> <p>Carving was done in three media: wood, bone, and stone. As an oral peoples, for Māori carving recorded genealogy, documented events and preserved traditions and stories.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of carved items include buildings, weapons including <i><a href="/wiki/Taiaha" title="Taiaha">taiaha</a></i>, musical instruments (<i><a href="/wiki/Taonga_p%C5%ABoro" title="Taonga pūoro">taonga pūoro</a></i>), special containers (<i><a href="/wiki/Waka_huia" title="Waka huia">waka huia</a></i>), boats (waka) and ceremonial staffs used by orators (<i><a href="/wiki/Tokotoko" title="Tokotoko">tokotoko</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pounamu" title="Pounamu">Pounamu</a> (greenstone), a form of <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> was carved and treasured and other kinds of stone were also used, especially in the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>. Both stone and bone were used to create jewellery such as the <a href="/wiki/Hei-tiki" title="Hei-tiki">hei-tiki</a>. Large scale stone face carvings were also sometimes created. The introduction of metal tools by Europeans changed some carving styles.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficient for all claims made. (November 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are many well-known carvers who were men but women also carved.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 21st century, Pania Waaka is believed to be the first woman to earn a qualification in Māori carving.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tā_moko"><span id="T.C4.81_moko"></span>Tā moko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tā moko"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">Tā moko</a></div> <p>Tā moko is the art of traditional Māori <a href="/wiki/Tattooing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattooing">tattooing</a>, done with a chisel. Men were tattooed on many parts of their bodies, including faces, buttocks and thighs. Women were usually tattooed only on the lips and chin. Moko conveyed a person's ancestry. The art declined in the 19th century following the introduction of Christianity, but in recent decades has undergone a revival. Although modern moko are in traditional styles, most are carried out using modern equipment. Body parts such as the arms, legs and back are popular locations for modern moko, although some are still on the face. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weaving">Weaving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Weaving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">Māori traditional textiles</a></div> <p>Weaving was used to create numerous things, including wall panels in meeting houses and other important buildings, as well as clothing and bags (kete). While many of these were purely functional, others were true works of art taking hundreds of hours to complete, and often given as gifts to important people. Cloaks in particular could be decorated with feathers and were the mark of an important person. In pre-European times the main medium for weaving was flax, but following the arrival of Europeans cotton, wool and other textiles were also used, especially in clothing. The extinction and endangerment of many New Zealand birds has made the feather cloak a more difficult item to produce. Weaving was primarily done by women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting">Painting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the oldest forms of Māori art are rock paintings, in 'classical' Māori art, painting was not an important art form. It was mainly used as a minor decoration in meeting houses, in stylised forms such as the <a href="/wiki/Koru" title="Koru">koru</a>. Europeans introduced Māori to their more <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative</a> style of art, and in the 19th century less stylised depictions of people and plants began to appear on the walls of meeting houses in place of traditional carvings and woven panels. The introduction of European paints also allowed traditional painting to flourish, as brighter and more distinct colours could be produced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explorer_art">Explorer art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Explorer art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilsemans_1642.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gilsemans_1642.jpg/220px-Gilsemans_1642.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gilsemans_1642.jpg/330px-Gilsemans_1642.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gilsemans_1642.jpg/440px-Gilsemans_1642.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption><i>A view of the Murderers' Bay, as you are at anchor here in 15 fathom</i>, Isaac Gilsemans, 1642</figcaption></figure> <p>Europeans began producing art in New Zealand as soon as they arrived, with many exploration ships including an artist to record newly discovered places, people, flora and fauna. The first European work of art made in New Zealand was a drawing by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Gilsemans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac Gilsemans (page does not exist)">Isaac Gilsemans</a>, the artist on <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a>'s expedition of 1642.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaoriChief1784.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/MaoriChief1784.jpg/220px-MaoriChief1784.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/MaoriChief1784.jpg/330px-MaoriChief1784.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/MaoriChief1784.jpg/440px-MaoriChief1784.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="2635" /></a><figcaption><i>Portrait of a New Zealand man</i>, Sydney Parkinson, 1784, probably from a sketch made in 1769.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Banks">Sir Joseph Banks</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Parkinson" title="Sydney Parkinson">Sydney Parkinson</a> of Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>'s ship <a href="/wiki/HM_Bark_Endeavour" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Bark Endeavour">Endeavour</a> produced the first realistic depictions of Māori people, New Zealand landscapes, and indigenous flora and fauna in 1769. <a href="/wiki/William_Hodges" title="William Hodges">William Hodges</a> was the artist on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS Resolution</a> in 1773, and <a href="/wiki/John_Webber" title="John Webber">John Webber</a> on HMS Resolution in 1777. Their works captured the imagination of Europeans and were an influence in the 19th century movement of art towards <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalism (arts)">naturalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cook's artists' paintings and descriptions of <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">moko</a> sparked an interest in the subject in Europe, and led to the <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a> becoming a tradition of the British Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century_Pākehā_art"><span id="19th_century_P.C4.81keh.C4.81_art"></span>19th century Pākehā art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 19th century Pākehā art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early 19th-century artists were for the most part visitors to New Zealand, not residents. Some, such as James Barry, who painted the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngare_Raumati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngare Raumati (page does not exist)">Ngare Raumati</a> chief Rua in 1818, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kendall" title="Thomas Kendall">Thomas Kendall</a> with the chiefs <a href="/wiki/Hongi_Hika" title="Hongi Hika">Hongi Hika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waikato_(rangatira)" title="Waikato (rangatira)">Waikato</a> in 1820, did not visit New Zealand at all, instead painting his subjects when they visited Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Landscape_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape art">Landscape art</a> was popular with early colonisers, and prints were widely used to promote settlement in New Zealand. Notable landscape artists included <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Earle" title="Augustus Earle">Augustus Earle</a>, who visited New Zealand in 1827–28,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)" title="William Fox (politician)">William Fox</a>, who later became <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of New Zealand">Premier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first oil portraits of Māori Chiefs with full <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">Tā moko</a> in New Zealand were painted by the portrait artist <a href="/wiki/William_Beetham" title="William Beetham">William Beetham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As colonisation developed a small but derivative art scene began based mostly on landscapes. However the most successful artists of this period, <a href="/wiki/C._F._Goldie" title="C. F. Goldie">Charles Goldie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Lindauer" title="Gottfried Lindauer">Gottfried Lindauer</a> were noted primarily for their portraits of Māori. Most notable <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> artists of their period worked in two dimensions; although there was some sculpture this was of limited notability. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_New_Zealand" title="Photography in New Zealand">Photography in New Zealand</a> also began at this time and, like painting, initially concentrated mostly on landscape and Māori subjects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_a_distinct_Pākehā_New_Zealand_art"><span id="Creation_of_a_distinct_P.C4.81keh.C4.81_New_Zealand_art"></span>Creation of a distinct Pākehā New Zealand art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Creation of a distinct Pākehā New Zealand art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in the 1930s, many <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> (New Zealanders not of Māori origin, usually of European ancestry) attempted to create a distinctive New Zealand style of art. Many, such as <a href="/wiki/Rita_Angus" title="Rita Angus">Rita Angus</a>, continued to work on landscapes, with attempts made to depict New Zealand's harsh light. Others appropriate Māori artistic styles; for example <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Walters" title="Gordon Walters">Gordon Walters</a> created many paintings and prints based on the koru. New Zealand's most highly regarded 20th-century artist was <a href="/wiki/Colin_McCahon" title="Colin McCahon">Colin McCahon</a>, who attempted to use international styles such as <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubism</a> in New Zealand contexts. His paintings depicted such things as the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Gabriel" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Gabriel">Angel Gabriel</a> in the New Zealand countryside. Later works such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urewera_triptych&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urewera triptych (page does not exist)">Urewera triptych</a> engaged with the contemporary <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Māori_cultural_renaissance"><span id="M.C4.81ori_cultural_renaissance"></span>Māori cultural renaissance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Māori cultural renaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_renaissance" title="Māori renaissance">Māori renaissance</a></div> <p>From the early 20th century, politician <a href="/wiki/%C4%80pirana_Ngata" title="Āpirana Ngata">Āpirana Ngata</a> fostered a renewal of traditional Māori art forms, for example establishing a school of Māori arts in <a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_Arts_and_Crafts_Institute" title="New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute">New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries">Late 20th and early 21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Late 20th and early 21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The visual arts flourished in the later decades of the 20th century. Many Māori artists became highly successful blending elements of Māori culture with European modernism. <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hotere" title="Ralph Hotere">Ralph Hotere</a> was New Zealand's highest selling living artist, but other such as <a href="/wiki/Shane_Cotton" title="Shane Cotton">Shane Cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Parekowhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Parekowhai">Michael Parekowhai</a> are also very successful. Many contemporary Māori artists reference ancient myths and cultural practices in their work such as <a href="/wiki/Derek_Lardelli" title="Derek Lardelli">Derek Lardelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Reihana" title="Lisa Reihana">Lisa Reihana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Minson" title="Sofia Minson">Sofia Minson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Rongo_Kirkwood" title="Te Rongo Kirkwood">Te Rongo Kirkwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robyn_Kahukiwa" title="Robyn Kahukiwa">Robyn Kahukiwa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Kereopa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Kereopa (page does not exist)">Aaron Kereopa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangi_Kipa" title="Rangi Kipa">Rangi Kipa</a>, John Miller, <a href="/wiki/Kura_Te_Waru_Rewiri" title="Kura Te Waru Rewiri">Kura Te Waru Rewiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tracey_Tawhiao" title="Tracey Tawhiao">Tracey Tawhiao</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roi_Toia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roi Toia (page does not exist)">Roi Toia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shane_Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shane Hansen (page does not exist)">Shane Hansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bevan_Ford" title="John Bevan Ford">John Bevan Ford</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Rendall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Rendall (page does not exist)">Jennifer Rendall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Todd_Couper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Todd Couper (page does not exist)">Todd Couper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manos_Nathan" title="Manos Nathan">Manos Nathan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Youle" title="Wayne Youle">Wayne Youle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyonel_Grant" title="Lyonel Grant">Lyonel Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wi_Taepa" title="Wi Taepa">Wi Taepa</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Teata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Teata (page does not exist)">David Teata</a>. </p><p>The 1960s and 1970s saw New Zealand develop a craft movement that was in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a> and mass consumerism and followed on from the arts and craft movements critique of the mainstream.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This artwork includes ceramics, textiles, jewellery and glass work over a wide range of themes and influences. These include Māori and Pasifika artists whose work brought an integrated worldview of fine arts, craft and design not separated with a <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> hierarchy that came out of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">European Renaissance</a> in the fifteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craft-based New Zealand artists include Ruth Baird, <a href="/wiki/Merilyn_Wiseman" title="Merilyn Wiseman">Merilyn Wiseman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wi_Taepa" title="Wi Taepa">Wi Taepa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobi_Bosshard" title="Kobi Bosshard">Kobi Bosshard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Brickell" title="Barry Brickell">Barry Brickell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freda_Brierley" title="Freda Brierley">Freda Brierley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paerau_Corneal" title="Paerau Corneal">Paerau Corneal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Culy" title="Ann Culy">Ann Culy</a>, Matarena George, and <a href="/wiki/Susan_Holmes_(fabric_artist)" title="Susan Holmes (fabric artist)">Susan Holmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Ikin" title="Humphrey Ikin">Humphrey Ikin</a>, Rangi Kiu, <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Lander" title="Maureen Lander">Maureen Lander</a>, Linley Main, Mike McGregor, <a href="/wiki/John_Parker_(potter)" title="John Parker (potter)">John Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baye_Riddell" title="Baye Riddell">Baye Riddell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emily_Siddell" title="Emily Siddell">Emily Siddell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diggeress_Te_Kanawa" title="Diggeress Te Kanawa">Diggeress Te Kanawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kiingi_Tuheitia_Portraiture_Award" title="Kiingi Tuheitia Portraiture Award">Kiingi Tuheitia Portraiture Award</a> is a biennial competition that started in 2021 hosted at the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Portrait_Gallery" title="New Zealand Portrait Gallery">New Zealand Portrait Gallery Te Pūkenga Whakaata</a> and intended to 'provide emerging Māori artists with the opportunity to showcase their talents on the national stage'. It tours around Aotearoa after the initial exhibition in Wellington.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_organisations_and_museums">Art organisations and museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Art organisations and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Crafts_Council_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Crafts Council of New Zealand (page does not exist)">The Crafts Council of New Zealand</a> was established in 1965 and ceased in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_Artists_and_Writers_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Māori Artists and Writers Society (page does not exist)">Māori Artists and Writers Society</a> influenced the set-up of the Council for Māori and South Pacific Arts (MASPAC) in 1978 (later replaced by Te Waka Toi in the 1990s), and from this came the Mana Whakairo Carvers Committee and the Aotearoa-Moananui-a-Kiwa Weavers Committee. These came out <a href="/wiki/Creative_New_Zealand" title="Creative New Zealand">Creative New Zealand</a> the national agency for the development of the arts in New Zealand that was the Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council then.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Art_Gallery_of_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sign, corridors and stairs at the entrance of the art gallery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/National_Art_Gallery_of_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-National_Art_Gallery_of_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/National_Art_Gallery_of_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-National_Art_Gallery_of_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/National_Art_Gallery_of_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-National_Art_Gallery_of_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>National Art Gallery inside Te Papa</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Art_Gallery_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="National Art Gallery of New Zealand">National Art Gallery of New Zealand</a> was established in 1936, and was amalgamated into the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa">Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</a> in 1992. The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Art_Gallery" title="Auckland Art Gallery">Auckland Art Gallery</a> is New Zealand's largest art institution with a collection numbering over 15,000 works,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Museum" title="Waikato Museum">Waikato Museum, Te Whare Taonga O Waikato</a> located on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_River" title="Waikato River">Waikato River</a> in downtown <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tautai_Pacific_Arts_Trust" title="Tautai Pacific Arts Trust">Tautai Pacific Arts Trust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Gallery" title="Fibre Gallery">Fibre Gallery</a> are important public Pacific galleries, with Tautai situated on <a href="/wiki/Karangahape_Road" title="Karangahape Road">Karangahape Road</a>, Auckland, and Fibre Gallery on Cashel Street, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>. They are established in response to other public galleries in New Zealand not showing enough Pacific arts, and to empower the Pacific community in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bergman_Gallery" title="Bergman Gallery">Bergman Gallery</a> also shows many Pacific art, and increasingly New Zealand Asian art as well.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_schools">Art schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Art schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Zealand has four university-based fine art schools: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_of_Technology" title="Auckland University of Technology">AUT School of Art and Design</a> at <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_of_Technology" title="Auckland University of Technology">Auckland University of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilam_School_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilam School of Fine Arts">Ilam School of Fine Arts</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a> (formerly Canterbury College School of Art) was founded in 1882, <a href="/wiki/Elam_School_of_Fine_Arts" title="Elam School of Fine Arts">Elam School of Fine Arts</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a> was founded in 1890 and Massey School of Fine Arts founded in 1885, but was not officially a university institution until 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also several other <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">tertiary level</a> fine arts schools not affiliated to universities such as <a href="/wiki/Whitecliffe_College_of_Arts_and_Design" title="Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design">Whitecliffe School of Fine Arts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_artists" title="List of New Zealand artists">List of New Zealand artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mch.govt.nz/sites/default/files/ARRS-consultation-doc-20230412-4.pdf">"Resale Right for Visual Artists Regulations : Discussion Document 3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage</i>. 12 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manat%C5%AB+Taonga+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage&rft.atitle=Resale+Right+for+Visual+Artists+Regulations+%3A+Discussion+Document+3&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmch.govt.nz%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FARRS-consultation-doc-20230412-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224214113/http://nhc.net.nz/index/museum-new-zealand/maori-cave-art/maori-cave-art.htm">"Very Old Maori Rock Drawings"</a>. Natural Heritage Collection. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.net.nz/index/museum-new-zealand/maori-cave-art/maori-cave-art.htm">the original</a> on 24 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Very+Old+Maori+Rock+Drawings&rft.pub=Natural+Heritage+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.net.nz%2Findex%2Fmuseum-new-zealand%2Fmaori-cave-art%2Fmaori-cave-art.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victoria.ac.nz/SRARNZ/logo.html">"The SRARNZ Logo"</a>. Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in New Zealand<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27The+original+art+galleries%27%3A+protecting+New+Zealand%27s+hidden+M%C4%81ori+rock+art&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fdec%2F02%2Fthe-original-art-galleries-protecting-new-zealands-hidden-maori-rock-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlundell2010" class="citation web cs1">Blundell, Sally (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/set-in-stone/">"Set in stone"</a>. <i>New Zealand Geographic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=my.christchurchcitylibraries.com&rft.atitle=Toi+M%C4%81ori+%E2%80%93+Traditional+M%C4%81ori+art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.christchurchcitylibraries.com%2Ftoi-maori-traditional-maori-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChithamMāhina-TuaiSkinner2019" class="citation book cs1">Chitham, Karl; Māhina-Tuai, Kolokesa Uafā; Skinner, Damian (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1118996645"><i>Crafting Aotearoa : a cultural history of making in New Zealand and the wider Moana Oceania</i></a>. Rigel Sorzano. Wellington, New Zealand: Te Papa Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9941362-7-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9941362-7-5"><bdi>978-0-9941362-7-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1118996645">1118996645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crafting+Aotearoa+%3A+a+cultural+history+of+making+in+New+Zealand+and+the+wider+Moana+Oceania&rft.place=Wellington%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Te+Papa+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1118996645&rft.isbn=978-0-9941362-7-5&rft.aulast=Chitham&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=M%C4%81hina-Tuai%2C+Kolokesa+Uaf%C4%81&rft.au=Skinner%2C+Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1118996645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandartgallery.com/whats-on/exhibition/seeing-moana-oceania-a-new-wave">"Seeing Moana Oceania"</a>. <i>Auckland Art Gallery</i>. 2 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auckland+Art+Gallery&rft.atitle=Seeing+Moana+Oceania&rft.date=2018-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandartgallery.com%2Fwhats-on%2Fexhibition%2Fseeing-moana-oceania-a-new-wave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/393052/what-s-in-a-name-pacific-scholars-back-moana-over-oceania">"What's in a name? 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Wellington: Huia Publishers. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77550-191-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77550-191-6"><bdi>978-1-77550-191-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/905937385">905937385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C4%81ori+carving+%3A+the+art+of+preserving+M%C4%81ori+history.&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Huia+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F905937385&rft.isbn=978-1-77550-191-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F905937385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1966" class="citation web cs1">McLintock, Alexander Hare, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Surface+Patterns&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fmaori-art%2Fpage-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2022" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Elizabeth (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1347021085"><i>Making space : a history of New Zealand women in architecture</i></a>. Auckland, New Zealand: Massey University, A+W.NZ. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-991016-34-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-991016-34-8"><bdi>978-1-991016-34-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1347021085">1347021085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+space+%3A+a+history+of+New+Zealand+women+in+architecture&rft.place=Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Massey+University%2C+A%2BW.NZ&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1347021085&rft.isbn=978-1-991016-34-8&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1347021085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacBrayne" class="citation web cs1">MacBrayne, Rosaleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123210341/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/determined-mother-carves-her-place-among-the-men/GBMBXAM7ACGPMMUJP6FUIXENCM/">"Determined mother carves her place among the men"</a>. <i>New Zealand Herald</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+view+of+the+Murderers%27+Bay&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2FNewZealandInBrief%2FHistory%2F2%2FENZ-Resources%2FStandard%2F1%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith, 2007, pp 16–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Bea01Bank.html">"The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks 1768–1771 (Volume One)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Endeavour+Journal+of+Joseph+Banks+1768%E2%80%931771+%28Volume+One%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzetc.org%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-Bea01Bank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Bea02Bank.html">"The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks 1768–1771 (Volume Two)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Endeavour+Journal+of+Joseph+Banks+1768%E2%80%931771+%28Volume+Two%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzetc.org%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-Bea02Bank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith, 2007, pp 23–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith, 2007, p 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith, 2007, pp 49–50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014105557/http://discover.natlib.govt.nz/logicrouter/servlet/LogicRouter?PAGE=object&OUTPUTXSL=object.xsl&pm_RC=REPO03DB&pm_OI=294&pm_GT=Y&pm_IAC=Y&api_1=GET_OBJECT_XML">"The Rev Thomas Kendall and the Maori chiefs Hongi and Waikato 1820"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_New_Zealand" title="National Library of New Zealand">National Library of New Zealand</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discover.natlib.govt.nz/logicrouter/servlet/LogicRouter?PAGE=object&OUTPUTXSL=object.xsl&pm_RC=REPO03DB&pm_OI=294&pm_GT=Y&pm_IAC=Y&api_1=GET_OBJECT_XML">the original</a> on 14 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rev+Thomas+Kendall+and+the+Maori+chiefs+Hongi+and+Waikato+1820&rft.pub=National+Library+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscover.natlib.govt.nz%2Flogicrouter%2Fservlet%2FLogicRouter%3FPAGE%3Dobject%26OUTPUTXSL%3Dobject.xsl%26pm_RC%3DREPO03DB%26pm_OI%3D294%26pm_GT%3DY%26pm_IAC%3DY%26api_1%3DGET_OBJECT_XML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith, 2007, pp 52–56, 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarle1832" class="citation book cs1">Earle, Augustus (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document.php?action=null&wid=295"><i>A narrative of a nine months' residence in New Zealand in 1827: together with a journal of a residence in Tristan D'Acunha, an island situated between South America and the Cape of Good Hope</i></a>. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+narrative+of+a+nine+months%27+residence+in+New+Zealand+in+1827%3A+together+with+a+journal+of+a+residence+in+Tristan+D%27Acunha%2C+an+island+situated+between+South+America+and+the+Cape+of+Good+Hope&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Rees%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+Green+%26+Longman&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Earle&rft.aufirst=Augustus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzb.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument.php%3Faction%3Dnull%26wid%3D295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natlib.govt.nz/collections/highlighted-items/william-fox">"William Fox – Painter and Premier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_New_Zealand" title="National Library of New Zealand">National Library of New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Fox+%E2%80%93+Painter+and+Premier&rft.pub=National+Library+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcollections%2Fhighlighted-items%2Fwilliam-fox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nzportraitgallery.org.nz/whats-on/te-rū-movers-shakers-early-new-zealand-portraits-by-william-beetham">http://www.nzportraitgallery.org.nz/whats-on/te-rū-movers-shakers-early-new-zealand-portraits-by-william-beetham</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323104349/http://nzportraitgallery.org.nz/whats-on/te-r%C5%AB-movers-shakers-early-new-zealand-portraits-by-william-beetham">Archived</a> 23 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchamroth1998" class="citation book cs1">Schamroth, Helen (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/100newzealandcra0000scha"><i>100 New Zealand craft artists</i></a>. Internet Archive. Auckland, N.Z. : Godwit. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86962-036-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86962-036-3"><bdi>978-1-86962-036-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+New+Zealand+craft+artists&rft.pub=Auckland%2C+N.Z.+%3A+Godwit&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-86962-036-3&rft.aulast=Schamroth&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F100newzealandcra0000scha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzportraitgallery.org.nz/kiingituheitiaaward">"Kiingi Tuheitia Portraiture Award"</a>. <i>New Zealand Portrait Gallery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Portrait+Gallery&rft.atitle=Kiingi+Tuheitia+Portraiture+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzportraitgallery.org.nz%2Fkiingituheitiaaward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.creativenz.govt.nz/">"Arts Council of New Zealand Toi Aotearoa homepage"</a>. <i>Creative New Zealand</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Arts+Council+of+New+Zealand+Toi+Aotearoa+homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creativenz.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuckland_Art_Gallery" class="citation web cs1">Auckland Art Gallery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aucklandartgallery.com/the-collection/overview-and-policies">"Collection overview and policies"</a>. <i>Auckland Art Gallery website</i>. Auckland Art Gallery<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auckland+Art+Gallery+website&rft.atitle=Collection+overview+and+policies&rft.au=Auckland+Art+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandartgallery.com%2Fthe-collection%2Foverview-and-policies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waikatomuseum.co.nz/about-us/">"About us – Waikato Museum"</a>. <i>waikatomuseum.co.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=waikatomuseum.co.nz&rft.atitle=About+us+%E2%80%93+Waikato+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaikatomuseum.co.nz%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/491513/pasifika-art-gallery-gains-popularity-in-christchurch">"Pasifika art gallery gains popularity in Christchurch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Pasifika+art+gallery+gains+popularity+in+Christchurch&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F491513%2Fpasifika-art-gallery-gains-popularity-in-christchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaskin" class="citation web cs1">Gaskin, Sam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ocula.com/magazine/art-news/tauta-opening-a-dream-for-pacific-art-community/">"Tautai Opening a 'Dream' for Pacific Art Community"</a>. <i>Ocula</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ocula&rft.atitle=Tautai+Opening+a+%E2%80%98Dream%E2%80%99+for+Pacific+Art+Community&rft.aulast=Gaskin&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Focula.com%2Fmagazine%2Fart-news%2Ftauta-opening-a-dream-for-pacific-art-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://craccum.co.nz/arts/finding-home/">"Finding Home"</a>. 18 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+Home&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcraccum.co.nz%2Farts%2Ffinding-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1966" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McLintock, A. H., ed. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/art-schools/page-2">"Art Schools – Elam School of Fine Arts"</a>. <i>An Encyclopaedia of New Zealadn</i>. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art+Schools+%E2%80%93+Elam+School+of+Fine+Arts&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealadn&rft.pub=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fart-schools%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://designassembly.org.nz/school/aut-art-and-design-school/">"AUT Art and Design School"</a>. <i>Design Assembly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Design+Assembly&rft.atitle=AUT+Art+and+Design+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdesignassembly.org.nz%2Fschool%2Faut-art-and-design-school%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith2007" class="citation book cs1">Keith, Hamish (2007). <i>The Big Picture: A history of New Zealand art from 1642</i>. Godwit. pp. 11–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86962-132-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86962-132-2"><bdi>978-1-86962-132-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Picture%3A+A+history+of+New+Zealand+art+from+1642&rft.pages=11-16&rft.pub=Godwit&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86962-132-2&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstone2013" class="citation book cs1">Johnstone, Christopher (2013). <i>Landscape Paintings of New Zealand. A Journey from North to South</i>. Godwit. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77553-011-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77553-011-4"><bdi>978-1-77553-011-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landscape+Paintings+of+New+Zealand.+A+Journey+from+North+to+South&rft.pub=Godwit&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-77553-011-4&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+art" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Art_of_New_Zealand" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Art of New Zealand">Art of New Zealand</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/Topic/1462">Art and photography</a> at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/15035">History of New Zealand painting</a>, NZHistory.net.nz</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicart.nz">Public Art Heritage Aotearoa New Zealand</a>, 20th century public art</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_New_Zealand" title="Archaeology of New Zealand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Economic history of New Zealand">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">Māori history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Natural history of New Zealand">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand%27s_links_with_Antarctica" title="Timeline of New Zealand's links with Antarctica">New Zealand and Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Zealand" title="Geography of New Zealand">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical geography of New Zealand">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_New_Zealand" title="Biodiversity of New Zealand">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_New_Zealand" title="List of caves in New Zealand">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Zealand" title="Climate of New Zealand">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Zealand" title="Climate change in New Zealand">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_New_Zealand" title="List of earthquakes in New Zealand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_New_Zealand" title="Lakes of New Zealand">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of New Zealand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserves_of_New_Zealand" title="Marine reserves of New Zealand">Marine reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_New_Zealand" title="National parks of New Zealand">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of rivers of New Zealand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_New_Zealand" title="Volcanism of New Zealand">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_New_Zealand" title="Water in New Zealand">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei" title="Whangārei">Whangārei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_New_Zealand" title="Gun law in New Zealand">Gun law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Human rights in New Zealand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Disability rights in New Zealand">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Zealand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in New Zealand">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of public sector organisations in New Zealand">Public sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_New_Zealand" title="Dairy farming in New Zealand">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">Wine industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_New_Zealand" title="List of companies of New Zealand">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Information technology industry in New Zealand">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_New_Zealand" title="Manufacturing in New Zealand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_New_Zealand" title="Mining in New Zealand">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Child poverty in New Zealand">Child poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand" title="Taxation in New Zealand">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Transport in New Zealand">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Rail transport in New Zealand">Rail transport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Society of New Zealand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Zealand" title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Ethnic origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_New_Zealand" title="Gender inequality in New Zealand">Gender inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_New_Zealand" title="Euthanasia in New Zealand">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender equality in New Zealand">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_New_Zealand" title="Health in New Zealand">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">"Kiwi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_New_Zealand" title="Women in New Zealand">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">Religion</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_New_Zealand" title="Mass media in New Zealand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts of New Zealand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_New_Zealand" title="Radio in New Zealand">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="National symbols of New Zealand">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_New_Zealand" title="Television in New Zealand">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Zealand" title="Outline of New Zealand">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand" title="Category:New Zealand">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oceanian_art" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceanian_topic" title="Template:Oceanian topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceanian_topic" title="Template talk:Oceanian topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceanian_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceanian topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceanian_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceanian art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_art" title="Australian art">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Micronesian art">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijian art">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiribati art (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshallese art">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan art">Nauru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palauan_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palauan art (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan art">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Islands_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Islands art (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongan art">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuvaluan art">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanuatuan art">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_art" title="Cook Islands art">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niuean_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niuean art (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoan_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Samoan art (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_Island_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas Island art (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocossian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cocossian art (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Easter_Island_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Easter Island art (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Polynesian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Polynesian art (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guamanian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guamanian art (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_art" title="Hawaiian art">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Caledonian art (page does not exist)">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norfolk_Island_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norfolk Island art (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Marianan_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Marianan art (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitcairn_Islands_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitcairn Islands art (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokelauan_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokelauan art (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallis_and_Futuna_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallis and Futuna art (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&oldid=1258712786">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_art&oldid=1258712786</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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