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class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 学生有三类，你是哪一类？ <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 15864 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-7-23 09:31</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=412323&do=blog&classid=131344&view=me">谈点正事</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=412323&catid=9">教学心得</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">美国</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">卫斯理大学</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">Wesleyan University</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">校长迈克尔</span><span style="font-family:宋体">·罗斯</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">Michael Roth</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">在</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">其新书</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">《学生简史》</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">(</span><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300250039/the-student/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: #000000;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">The Student: A Short History</span></a><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">中，讲述了一段生动</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">活泼</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">的学生历史，探索了从公元前六世纪到现在</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">不同背景下发展起来的一些主要学习模式。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">罗斯认为，成为一名学生有很多方法，但其核心是通过向他人学习来培养独立思考的能力，从而找到自由</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">finding freedom</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">根据学习模式或方法的不同，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">他把古今美外（在我们看来是中外）的学生分成</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">三类：对话者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">interlocutor</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">追随者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">follower</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">和</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">信奉者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">disciple</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">他并列举了这三类学生分别对应的三位历史上著名的教师。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">古希腊哲学家苏格拉底</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">的学生是典型的对话者。这主要因为</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">苏格拉底</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">本人</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">是一位伟大的对话者。他的教学方法</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">现在已成为一个</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">教育学名词</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">苏格拉底教学法（</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">S</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">ocratic method）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">其核心是教师并不直接把学生所应知道的知识告诉学生，而是根据学生已有的知识和经验，通过讨论、问答甚至辩论的方式来揭露学生认识中的矛盾，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">然后引导学生进行分析、归纳、综合、判断，最后得出结论。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">中国的</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“万世师表”孔子的学生是坚定的追随者。孔子无论走到哪里，都吸引着一大批义无反顾的追随者。特别是，他从55岁到68岁，周游列国，他的许多弟子都追随着他，即使在他沦为“丧家之犬”时，也对他不离不弃。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">我们可能很难理解为什么</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">罗斯把</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">基督教创始人</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">耶稣列入</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">教师</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">阵容</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">罗斯</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">说，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">耶稣的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">信奉</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">者经常称呼耶稣为拉比</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">R</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">abbi</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">，意思就是老师。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">他们</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">追随耶稣的道路，甚至渴望模仿他的生活和他的教导，这是一个特别</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">典型</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">的例子。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">老文</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">感觉，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">罗斯</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">分</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">出的三类学生，恰好对应</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">《</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">西游记</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">》中</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">唐僧的三个弟子</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">——</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">孙悟空、猪八戒和沙和尚</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">；反过来说，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">唐僧的三个弟子恰恰分别是典型的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">对话者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">追随者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">和</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">信奉者。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">这如果不是</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“纯属巧合”，那么说明</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">罗斯</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">对学生的分类受到了《西游记》的启发或很难跳出《西游记》早已奠定的框架。</span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">取经路上，孙悟空跟唐僧不断有观点的交锋和碰撞。孙悟空多次被唐僧念紧箍咒甚至</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">被</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">驱逐</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">出取经</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">团队</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">，都是因为孙悟空的言行挑战了唐僧的价值观。师徒俩正</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">是在</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">事事相争又心心相印</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">中，共成正果，双双成佛。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">中国当代文学家</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">刘再复</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">评价：</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">他们是人类文学史上一对最可爱又最有诗意的师长与学生。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">”</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">猪八戒是典型的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">追随者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">首先表现在观音菩萨劝他给唐僧作个徒弟时，他的表态上</span><span style="font-family:宋体">——</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">“愿随！愿随！”</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">猪八戒</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">在</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">加入取经团队后相当长一段时期，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">一方面对取经兴趣不大，另一方面对唐僧缺乏信心，每每遇到妖怪或团队面临困境时，便毫不掩饰地叫嚷分行李散伙。唐僧的慈悲，孙悟空的威武，沙僧的友善，使</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">猪八戒</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">逐渐成为了一个坚定的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">追随者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">沙和尚也叫沙僧，是唐僧的弟子中，唯一在名字上与唐僧同类（和尚）同名（僧）的人。沙和尚向观音表态：</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">“</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">我愿皈正果</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">”</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">他说到做到，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">成为虔诚的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">佛</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">门弟子和</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">唐僧忠实的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">信奉者。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">取经路</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">上，孙悟空有</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">三</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">次</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">弃唐僧而去，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">猪八戒</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">虽没</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">开</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">溜过但嘴上喊</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">散伙没停过，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">唯有沙</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">和尚任何情况下</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">都坚定不移地跟唐僧在一起，陪唐僧</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">一路走到底。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">对照三类学生，你是哪一类呢？</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">这跟你的个性有关，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">也</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">跟你所处的环境和接受的教育有关。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px">罗斯</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">认为，来自孔子传统的学生更有可能成为追随者，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">而</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">大多数美国大学遵循苏格拉底</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">教学法</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">意味着</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">美国的大学生更多的是</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">对话者。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">孔子有个伟大的教育思想</span><span style="font-family:宋体">——有教无类。这就从根本上决定了，现实中，一个老师更可能像唐僧一样同时有三类学生，而不大可能只有一类学生。同样，某一类学生也并不是一成不变永远是那一类学生：对话者并非永远不信奉</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">追随者</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">并非始终不对话</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">，而</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">信奉</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">者</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">并非</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">既不追随，也不对话</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">以对话为例。苏格拉底</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">的弟子柏拉图以苏格拉底</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">和弟子</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">的对话为内容创作了一系列著作，统称《对话录》。同样，孔子的弟子跟孔子也有很多对话，他们把这些对话编成语录文集，形成了千古流传的《论语》。此外，佛教经典《金刚经》是佛祖与须菩提师徒俩人的对话，《六祖坛经》里有大量禅宗六祖慧能与其弟子和他人的对话。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">我们应该成为哪一类学生呢？</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">老文认为没有必要刻意成为哪一类学生。一切以自己感觉最舒适又最有利于学习为考量。</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">无论</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">我们</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">想成为</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">哪类学生，都不要紧，要紧的是</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">我们</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">跟谁对话、追随谁或信奉谁。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">爱因斯坦说：</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“唯有以伟大而纯洁的人物为榜样，才能引发高尚的思想和行为的产生。”</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">美国物理学会首任会长</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">罗兰</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">在</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“为纯科学呼吁”的</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">演讲（被誉为是美国科学的独立宣言）中说</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">：</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">如果他跟随的教授在其职业中一直处于很高的地位，自己又有崇高的理想；如果这些教授认为促进所在领域的进步是他们生命中最重要的工作，并因其智慧而受到全世界的尊重，那么这位学生就会被引向最高处，甚至在他今后的一生中他都有更高的理想。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">”</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">无论我们是</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">对话者</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">追随者</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">还是</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">信奉</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">者，我们作为学生的目标（也是</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">老师的愿望）应该都是</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">“</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体">青出于蓝而胜于蓝</span><span style="font-family:宋体">”</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">如果我们的老师不足以令我们高山仰止，那么，我们</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">跟他对话可能毫无意义，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">我们</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">追随他可能被带沟里，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">我们</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">信奉他</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">可能要警惕</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">谬采虚声</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:10px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:right;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:楷体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">（</span><span style=";font-family:楷体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:楷体">于长沙</span><span style="font-family:楷体">-北京往返航程</span></span><span style=";font-family:楷体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px">）</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span 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