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title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or. [The seven arrows stand for the seven provinces of the Union of Utrecht.] The shield is crowned with the (Dutch) royal crown and supported by two lions Or armed and langued gules. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text (Or) "Je Maintiendrai" (French for "I will maintain".)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/225px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/300px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wet_Algemene_Bepalingen" title="Wet Algemene Bepalingen">Wet Algemene Bepalingen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">King</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Council of Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_(Netherlands)" title="Minister Plenipotentiary (Netherlands)">Ministers Plenipotentiary</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Aruba" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba">Aruba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten">St. Maarten</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the Netherlands">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Fleur_Agema" title="Fleur Agema">Fleur Agema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hermans" title="Sophie Hermans">Sophie Hermans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eddy_van_Hijum" title="Eddy van Hijum">Eddy van Hijum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mona_Keijzer" title="Mona Keijzer">Mona Keijzer</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Netherlands" title="Ministries of the Netherlands">Ministries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn" title="Jan Anthonie Bruijn">Jan Anthonie Bruijn</a></dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="Template:Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">Current membership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">Historic composition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Martin Bosma</a></dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">Current membership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands">Historic composition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committees_of_the_States_General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary committees of the States General of the Netherlands">Parliamentary committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Netherlands" title="Judiciary of the Netherlands">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Netherlands" title="Supreme Court of the Netherlands">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="High Council of State (Netherlands)">High Councils of State</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Council of State">Council of State</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Court_of_Audit" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Court of Audit">Court of Audit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Ombudsman" title="National Ombudsman">National Ombudsman</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_general_election" title="2010 Dutch general election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Dutch_general_election" title="Next Dutch general election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Provincial: <a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2011 Dutch provincial elections">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2015 Dutch provincial elections">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2019 Dutch provincial elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2023 Dutch provincial elections">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Municipal: <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2010 Dutch municipal elections">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2014 Dutch municipal elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2018 Dutch municipal elections">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2022 Dutch municipal elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>European: <a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2004</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Referendums</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendums: <a href="/wiki/2005_Dutch_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum">2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dutch_Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum" title="2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_Intelligence_and_Security_Services_Act_referendum" title="2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum">2018</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_politicians" title="Category:Dutch politicians">Politicians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Local government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Provincial politics in the Netherlands">Provincial politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Municipal politics in the Netherlands">Municipal politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BES_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="BES islands">BES islands</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Veldkamp" title="Caspar Veldkamp">Caspar Veldkamp</a><hr /></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Netherlands">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a><hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_passport" title="Dutch passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Dutch_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Dutch citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_in_the_Caribbean" title="Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean">Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corruption in the Netherlands">Corruption in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">De Nederlandsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Law of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands_(1900%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Netherlands (1900–present)">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Republicanism in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Economic_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Economic Council">Social Economic Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span 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.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, 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border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg/100px-Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg/150px-Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg/200px-Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="762" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Referendums" class="mw-redirect" title="Referendums">Referendum types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optional_referendum" title="Optional referendum">Optional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_referral" title="Legislative referral">Legislative referral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="Recall referendum">Recall referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_referendum" title="Popular referendum">Popular referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_referendum" title="Mandatory referendum">Mandatory referendum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Referendums_by_country" title="Referendums by country">Referendums by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia" title="Referendums in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Canada" title="Referendums in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Referendums in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Initiative" title="European Citizens' Initiative">EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_France" title="Referendums in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Germany" title="Referendums in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Italy" title="Referendums in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Iran" title="Referendums in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Israel" title="Referendums in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Kenya" title="Referendums in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Lithuania" title="Referendums in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_New_Zealand" title="Referendums in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Poland" title="Referendums in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Philippines" title="Referendums in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Sweden" title="Referendums in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Slovakia" title="Referendums in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular initiative (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Taiwan" title="Referendums in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Ukraine" title="Referendums in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiatives_and_referendums_in_the_United_States" title="Initiatives and referendums in the United States">USA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Referendums by issue</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_referendum" title="Civil rights referendum">Civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_referendum" title="Financial referendum">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_referendum" title="Mining referendum">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_referendum" title="War referendum">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_referendum" title="Independence referendum">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_related_to_the_European_Union" title="Referendums related to the European Union">EU</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Referendums by method</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_referendum" title="Electronic referendum">E-referendum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">History of direct democracy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">Athenian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_direct_democracy_in_the_United_States" title="History of direct democracy in the United States">in USA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">Direct election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_assembly" title="Citizens' assembly">Citizens' assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_assembly" title="Popular assembly">Popular assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_jury" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen's jury">Citizen's jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_budgeting" title="Participatory budgeting">Participatory budgeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_direct_democracy_parties" title="List of direct democracy parties">List of direct democracy parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_title" title="Ballot title">Ballot title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortition" title="Sortition">Sortition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Direct_Democracy" title="Template:Direct Democracy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Direct_Democracy" title="Template talk:Direct Democracy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Direct_Democracy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Direct Democracy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, from the entry into force of the Advisory Referendum Act<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Wet raadgevend referendum</i>) on 1 July 2015, until its repeal on 18 February 2018, most types of <a href="/wiki/Primary_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary legislation">primary laws</a> could be subjected to a suspensory, non-binding <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> if requested shortly after <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Proclamation" title="Proclamation">proclamation</a>. If a law was rejected by more than half of the votes cast, with a mandatory turnout of at least 30%, its entry into force was to be suspended indefinitely and a follow-up law had to be enacted that either repealed the law or provided for its entry into force. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Dutch Constitution</a> has no provisions on referendums, which means that any referendum held at a national or local level cannot be binding as long as the Constitution gives primacy to legislatures. The first reading of a constitutional amendment to introduce a binding, abrogative referendum at national, <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">provincial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Municipalities of the Netherlands">municipal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">water-board</a> level was completed on 15 October 2014. A second reading of a constitutional amendment proposal cannot take place until after the <a href="/wiki/Next_Dutch_general_election" title="Next Dutch general election">next general election</a> and would have required a two-thirds majority in both chambers of the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a>. A previous attempt failed in May 1999 when the bill was rejected in second reading in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> due to <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Hans Wiegel</a> rebelling against his own party. </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/1805_Batavian_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1805 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum of the Batavian Republic in 1805</a>, only three referendums have been held. The first was the <a href="/wiki/2005_Dutch_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum">consultative, <i>ad hoc</i> referendum on the European Constitution</a> in 2005. The second was the <a href="/wiki/2016_Dutch_Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum" title="2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum">referendum on the ratification</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement">Ukraine–EU Association Agreement</a> on 6 April 2016, which was the first referendum under the Advisory Referendum Act. On 21 March 2018, the <a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_Intelligence_and_Security_Services_Act_referendum" title="2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum">2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum</a> was held. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_history">Legal history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Netherlands, <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">bills</a> are generally submitted by the Government, but also individual members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> have the right to introduce bills. In 2005, Members of Parliament <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niesco_Dubbelboer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niesco Dubbelboer (page does not exist)">Niesco Dubbelboer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wijnand_Duyvendak" title="Wijnand Duyvendak">Wijnand Duyvendak</a> (<a href="/wiki/GreenLeft" class="mw-redirect" title="GreenLeft">GreenLeft</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Boris_van_der_Ham" title="Boris van der Ham">Boris van der Ham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a>) introduced the bill that would become the Advisory Referendum Act. Its accompanying explanatory memorandum started with a quote of former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US president</a> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>: "I believe in the [...] referendum, which should be used not to destroy representative government, but to correct it whenever it becomes misrepresentative."<sup id="cite_ref-MvT_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MvT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill's initial sponsors were succeeded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Kalma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Kalma (page does not exist)">Paul Kalma</a> (Labour),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Femke_Halsema" title="Femke Halsema">Femke Halsema</a> (GreenLeft), <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Heijnen" title="Pierre Heijnen">Pierre Heijnen</a> (Labour), <a href="/wiki/Jolande_Sap" title="Jolande Sap">Jolande Sap</a> (GreenLeft),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Linda_Voortman" title="Linda Voortman">Linda Voortman</a> (GreenLeft),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Schouw" title="Gerard Schouw">Gerard Schouw</a> (Democrats 66) and <a href="/wiki/Manon_Fokke" title="Manon Fokke">Manon Fokke</a> (Labour)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before it was adopted by both chambers. </p><p>The bill passed the House of Representatives on 14 February 2013 with 98 votes in favour and 52 against. All parties except the coalition party <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> and the three Christian parties – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a>, <a href="/wiki/ChristianUnion" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristianUnion">ChristianUnion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a> – voted in favour.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Senate, the opposing votes came from the same four parties and the bill passed with 45 votes in favour and 30 against.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was signed into law on 30 September 2014 and entered into force on 1 July 2015. </p><p>In 2018 however, both the assembly and senate voted to repeal the referendum law.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provisions">Provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the Advisory Referendum Act, a referendum could be requested for any piece of primary legislation, including treaty ratifications, after it was signed into law and published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Staatscourant" title="Staatscourant">Staatscourant</a></i>, but generally before it enters into force (subject to exceptions). The law excluded several subjects, such as laws concerning: the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">monarchy</a> or royal family, the national budget, constitutional amendments, legislation passed solely for the execution of treaties or decisions of intergovernmental organisations, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_act" title="Kingdom act">Kingdom acts</a> (unless they will solely apply to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>) and legislation passed in response to a previous referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-act_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The request procedure of a referendum consisted of two stages. For the preliminary request, 10,000 requests had to be received within four weeks after proclamation of the law. Upon completion of this stage, the provisions concerning entry into force of the law in question were suspended until the procedure has come to an end. For the definitive request, 300,000 requests had to be received within six weeks after the completion of the preliminary request. If this was not successful, the 30% turnout had not been met or the law is approved, then the law could enter into effect by <a href="/wiki/Royal_decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal decree">royal decree</a>. If the law was rejected, then the suspension is indefinite and a follow-up law must be enacted that either repeals the law or overrides the suspended provisions to let the law enter into force after all. </p><p>A referendum commission was appointed by the government every four years. The commission decided the referendum date and question, subsidies for campaigns ("for" as well as "against") and gave neutral information on the referendum question. On 1 October 2015 the first referendum commission was installed. It was chaired by <a href="/wiki/Medy_van_der_Laan" title="Medy van der Laan">Medy van der Laan</a>, and further consisted of A.B. Blomberg, Willemien Den Ouden, Ruud Koole and Reint Jan Renes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_of_the_turnout_requirement">Criticism of the turnout requirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Criticism of the turnout requirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Advisory Referendum Act has been criticised for its turnout requirement. Senior lecturer Casper Albers from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a> argued that the requirement would lead to an "<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}"></span> player" variant of the <a href="/wiki/Prisoner%27s_dilemma" title="Prisoner's dilemma">prisoner's dilemma</a>. Due to the turnout requirement, proponents can choose whether to vote to achieve the desired outcome, whereas opponents must vote. This consideration can affect the outcome if proponents contribute decisively to the turnout and a majority votes against.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the run-up to the Ukraine–EU Association Agreement referendum in 2016, some analysts estimated that the turnout would be around 30%, expressing doubt that the requirement would be met.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The referendum had a turnout of 32.28% with a majority of 61% against.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Minister of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Plasterk" title="Ronald Plasterk">Ronald Plasterk</a> committed to an evaluation of the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referendums_and_referendum_requests">Referendums and referendum requests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Referendums and referendum requests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of October 2017, two acts have received enough preliminary requests (>10,000) to move to the definitive request stage. For one act sufficient definitive requests were obtained (>300,000) for a referendum. A list of acts for which more than 50 preliminary requests were received is shown below. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Act/Treaty</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Preliminary requests<br />threshold = 10,000</th> <th>Definite requests<br />threshold = 300,000 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">EU-Ukraine Association Agreement</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td style="background: lightgreen">13,480 (valid requests)</td> <td style="background: lightgreen">429,939 (valid requests) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="Moldova–European Union Association Agreement">EU-Moldova Association Agreement</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>100</td> <td>n.a. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia–European Union Association Agreement">EU-Georgia Association Agreement</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>98</td> <td>n.a. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denunciation of the Dutch-Moroccan Social Security Treaty</td> <td>2016</td> <td>1,971</td> <td>n.a. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_Security_Services_Act_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence and Security Services Act 2017">Intelligence and Security Services Act 2017</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2017</td> <td style="background: lightgreen">17,162 (valid requests)</td> <td style="background: lightgreen">384,126 (valid requests) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine-EU_association_agreement_referendum_requests">Ukraine-EU association agreement referendum requests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ukraine-EU association agreement referendum requests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1159459382">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px);overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:24em"><caption class="infobox-title">Dutch <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement">EU-Ukraine Association Agreement</a> referendum</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:10%;" class="noprint"></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:80%;" class=""><b>6 April 2016<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2016-04-06</span>)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:10%;" class="noprint"></td> </tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1150407293">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile"><hr /></span><span class="mobile"></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="display:inline-block;border-style: solid;padding: 3px;border-color: #A2A9B1;border-width: 2px;background-color: #FEFEFE;color: black;margin: 3px;width: calc(100% - 16px);max-width: 24em;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Bent u voor of tegen de wet tot goedkeuring van de Associatieovereenkomst tussen de Europese Unie en Oekraïne?</i><br /> Are you for or against the Approval Act of the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine?</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">Results</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:25em; margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <th style="width: 50%;"><div style="float:left;">Choice</div> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 25%">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 25%">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;">For </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em">1,571,874 </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em"><span data-sort-value="7001382115186819956♠" style="display:none"></span>38.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;">Against </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em"><b>2,509,395</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em"><b><span data-sort-value="7001610022138689273♠" style="display:none"></span>61.00%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;">Blank votes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">32,344 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span data-sort-value="6999786267449077003♠" style="display:none"></span>0.79% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left">Valid votes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,113,613 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span data-sort-value="7001990846931060289♠" style="display:none"></span>99.08% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left">Invalid votes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">38,000 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span data-sort-value="6999915306893971090♠" style="display:none"></span>0.92% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left"><b>Total votes</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><b>4,151,613</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left"><span class="nowrap">Eligible to vote/turnout</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">12,862,658 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span data-sort-value="7001322764781587133♠" style="display:none"></span>32.28% </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016_Dutch_Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum" title="2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum">2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum</a></div> <p>The first referendum held based on the Consultative Referendum Act concerned the approval act of the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement">Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine</a> and was held in on 6 April 2016. The referendum question was: "Are you for or against the Approval Act of the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine?"<sup id="cite_ref-Visser_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visser-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With a turnout of 32.28%, the threshold for a valid referendum was met. 61% of the votes cast were against the Approval Act, but accounted for only 19.5% of eligible voters. As the Act was rejected, the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a> had to enact a follow-up law to either repeal the Act or put it into effect after all. Following the vote, the government secured an additional agreement between the 28 <a href="/wiki/Member_States_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Member States of the European Union">Member States of the European Union</a> addressing what were according to the government the concerns of the no-vote in December 2017. The additional agreement did not change the association agreement and neither Ukraine nor the European Union or Euratom were parties to the additional agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-addendum_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-addendum-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the approval of the additional agreement, a new law was passed approving the Association Agreement in May 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-eerstekamer1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eerstekamer1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enabling the Netherlands to deposit its instrument of ratification on 15 June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-agreement_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agreement-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The association agreement entered into force on 1 September 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temporary_and_ad_hoc_referendum_measures">Temporary and ad hoc referendum measures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Temporary and ad hoc referendum measures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before 2015, there was no permanent provision in law for a referendum. However, from 2002 until 2005, a Temporary Referendum Act in place, which allowed for non-binding referendums, known in Dutch as <i>volksraadpleging</i> ("people's consultation"), to be organised for laws already approved by the House of Representatives. No referendum was called based on this law. </p><p>In order to hold the <a href="/wiki/2005_Dutch_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum">2005 referendum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe</a>, a different law was temporarily put in place. That referendum was the first national referendum in the Netherlands since the <a href="/wiki/1805_Batavian_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1805 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum">1805 referendum in the Batavian Republic</a>, and it was the result of an initiative proposal by parliamentarians <a href="/wiki/Farah_Karimi" title="Farah Karimi">Farah Karimi</a> (GreenLeft), Niesco Dubbelboer (Labour) and Boris van der Ham (Democrats 66), who also initiated the Consultative Referendum Act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420124635/https://www.kiesraad.nl/en/news/advisory-referendum-act-force">"Advisory Referendum Act in force"</a>. <i>Dutch Electoral Council</i>. 22 July 2015. 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href="https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-30372-41.html">"Brief van het lid Van der Ham"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Netherlands">Government of the Netherlands</a></i> (in Dutch). 8 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+the+Netherlands&rft.atitle=Brief+van+het+lid+Van+der+Ham&rft.date=2013-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl%2Fkst-30372-41.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReferendums+in+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Het+referendum+van+GeenPeil+en+het+prisoner%27s+dilemma&rft.date=2015-10-03&rft.aulast=Albers&rft.aufirst=Casper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.casperalbers.nl%2Fother%2Fhet-referendum-van-geenpeil-en-het-prisoners-dilemma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReferendums+in+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/Rapport%20Oekraine-referendum%20eind%20maart%202016.pdf">"Het referendum over de Associatie-overeenkomst met Oekraïne"</a> [The Referendum about the Association Agreement with Ukraine] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>I&O Research</i> (in Dutch). 31 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411194627/http://www.ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/Rapport%20Oekraine-referendum%20eind%20maart%202016.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2016</span>. <q>Bent u voor of tegen de wet tot goedkeuring van de Associatieovereenkomst tussen de Europese Unie en Oekraïne? <b>[TRANS]</b> Are you for or against the ratification of the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=De+Volkskrant&rft.atitle=Referendum+EU-verdrag+met+Oekra%C3%AFne+is+op+6+april&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft.aulast=Visser&rft.aufirst=Jeroen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkskrant.nl%2Fbinnenland%2Freferendum-eu-verdrag-met-oekraine-is-6-april~a4173657%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReferendums+in+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-addendum-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-addendum_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/european-council/2016/12/15-euco-conclusions-ukraine/">"European Council Conclusions on Ukraine (15 December 2016)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). 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Senate (Eerste Kamer) of the Dutch Parliament. 28 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=34.669+-+Regeling+inwerkingtreding+van+de+goedkeuring+Associatieovereenkomst+tussen+de+Europese+Unie+en+de+Europese+Gemeenschap+voor+Atoomenergie+met+Oekra%C3%AFne&rft.pub=Senate+%28Eerste+Kamer%29+of+the+Dutch+Parliament&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fwetsvoorstel%2F34669_regeling_inwerkingtreding%3Fzoekrol%3Dvgh5mt4dsdk1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReferendums+in+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/behandeling/20170614/publicatie_wet/document3/f=/vkf1bw0sscyb.pdf">"236 - Wet van 31 mei 2017 tot regeling van de inwerkingtreding van de wet van 8 juli 2015, houdende goedkeuring van de op 27 juni 2014 te Brussel tot stand gekomen Associatieovereenkomst tussen de Europese Unie en de Europese Gemeenschap voor Atoomenergie en haar lidstaten, enerzijds, en Oekraïne, anderzijds (Stb. 2015, 315)"</a> [236 - Act of 31 May 2017 for the entry into force of the Law of 8 July 2015, approving the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and its Member States, of 27 June 2014, on the one part, and Ukraine, on the other part (Stb. 2015, 315)] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Dutch). Senate (Eerste Kamer) of the Dutch Parliament. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=236+-+Wet+van+31+mei+2017+tot+regeling+van+de+inwerkingtreding+van+de+wet+van+8+juli+2015%2C+houdende+goedkeuring+van+de+op+27+juni+2014+te+Brussel+tot+stand+gekomen+Associatieovereenkomst+tussen+de+Europese+Unie+en+de+Europese+Gemeenschap+voor+Atoomenergie+en+haar+lidstaten%2C+enerzijds%2C+en+Oekra%C3%AFne%2C+anderzijds+%28Stb.+2015%2C+315%29&rft.pub=Senate+%28Eerste+Kamer%29+of+the+Dutch+Parliament&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fbehandeling%2F20170614%2Fpublicatie_wet%2Fdocument3%2Ff%3D%2Fvkf1bw0sscyb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReferendums+in+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agreement-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agreement_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2014045">"Agreement details"</a>. <i>Council of the European Union</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=Agreement+details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fdocuments-publications%2Fagreements-conventions%2Fagreement%2F%3Faid%3D2014045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReferendums+in+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_Elections_and_referendums_in_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_elections" title="Template:Dutch elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_elections" title="Template talk:Dutch elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_Elections_and_referendums_in_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">referendums</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1848_Dutch_general_election" title="1848 Dutch general election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850_Dutch_general_election" title="1850 Dutch general election">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1852_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1852 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_Dutch_general_election" title="1853 Dutch general election">1853</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1854_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1854 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1856 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1858_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1858 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Dutch_general_election" title="1860 Dutch general election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1862_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1862 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1862</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1864 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1866_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June 1866 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1866 (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=October_1866_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="October 1866 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1866 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Dutch_general_election" title="1868 Dutch general election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1869_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1869 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Dutch_general_election" title="1871 Dutch general election">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1873 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1873</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1875_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1875 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_Dutch_general_election" title="1877 Dutch general election">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1879_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1879 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1881_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1881 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_Dutch_general_election" title="1883 Dutch general election">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1884_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1884 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Dutch_general_election" title="1886 Dutch general election">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Dutch_general_election" title="1887 Dutch general election">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Dutch_general_election" title="1888 Dutch general election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Dutch_general_election" title="1891 Dutch general election">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Dutch_general_election" title="1894 Dutch general election">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_Dutch_general_election" title="1897 Dutch general election">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_Dutch_general_election" title="1901 Dutch general election">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Dutch_general_election" title="1905 Dutch general election">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Dutch_general_election" title="1909 Dutch general election">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Dutch_general_election" title="1913 Dutch general election">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Dutch_general_election" title="1917 Dutch general election">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Dutch_general_election" title="1918 Dutch general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Dutch_general_election" title="1922 Dutch general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Dutch_general_election" title="1925 Dutch general election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Dutch_general_election" title="1929 Dutch general election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Dutch_general_election" title="1933 Dutch general election">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Dutch_general_election" title="1937 Dutch general election">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Dutch_general_election" title="1946 Dutch general election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Dutch_general_election" title="1948 Dutch general election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Dutch_general_election" title="1952 Dutch general election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Dutch_general_election" title="1956 Dutch general election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Dutch_general_election" title="1959 Dutch general election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Dutch_general_election" title="1963 Dutch general election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Dutch_general_election" title="1967 Dutch general election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Dutch_general_election" title="1971 Dutch general election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Dutch_general_election" title="1972 Dutch general election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Dutch_general_election" title="1977 Dutch general election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Dutch_general_election" title="1981 Dutch general election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Dutch_general_election" title="1982 Dutch general election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Dutch_general_election" title="1986 Dutch general election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Dutch_general_election" title="1989 Dutch general election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Dutch_general_election" title="1994 Dutch general election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Dutch_general_election" title="1998 Dutch general election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Dutch_general_election" title="2002 Dutch general election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Dutch_general_election" title="2003 Dutch general election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch_general_election" title="2006 Dutch general election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_general_election" title="2010 Dutch general election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Dutch_general_election" title="Next Dutch general election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States-Provincial" class="mw-redirect" title="States-Provincial">Provincial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_Dutch_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 Dutch provincial elections (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2007 Dutch provincial elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2011 Dutch provincial elections">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2015 Dutch provincial elections">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2019 Dutch provincial elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2023 Dutch provincial elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council_(Netherlands)" title="Municipal council (Netherlands)">Municipal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Dutch_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Dutch municipal elections (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Dutch_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Dutch municipal elections (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Dutch_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Dutch municipal elections (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_Dutch_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 Dutch municipal elections (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_Dutch_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 Dutch municipal elections (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2002 Dutch municipal elections">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2006 Dutch municipal elections">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2010 Dutch municipal elections">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2014 Dutch municipal elections">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2018 Dutch municipal elections">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2022 Dutch municipal elections">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water board</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Dutch_water_board_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Dutch water board elections (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Dutch_water_board_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 Dutch water board elections (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_water_board_elections" title="2019 Dutch water board elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_water_board_elections" title="2023 Dutch water board elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_colleges_for_the_Senate" title="Electoral colleges for the Senate">Electoral college</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_electoral_college_elections" title="2019 Dutch electoral college elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_electoral_college_elections" title="2023 Dutch electoral college elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Island_council_(Netherlands)" title="Island council (Netherlands)">Island council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_island_council_elections" title="2011 Dutch island council elections">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_island_council_elections" title="2015 Dutch island council elections">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_island_council_elections" title="2019 Dutch island council elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Sint_Eustatius_island_council_election" title="2020 Sint Eustatius island council election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_island_council_elections" title="2023 Dutch island council elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Referendums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1797_Batavian_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1797 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum">1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1798_Batavian_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1798 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1801_Batavian_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1801 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum">1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1805_Batavian_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1805 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum">1805</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Dutch_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dutch_Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum" title="2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_Intelligence_and_Security_Services_Act_referendum" title="2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum">2018</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_Senate_elections" title="Template:Dutch Senate elections">Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Aruban_elections" title="Template:Aruban elections">Elections and referendums in Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cura%C3%A7ao_elections" title="Template:Curaçao elections">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sint_Maarten_elections" title="Template:Sint Maarten elections">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Netherlands_Antilles_elections" title="Template:Netherlands Antilles elections">Netherlands Antilles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Referendums_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Referendums_in_Europe" title="Template:Referendums in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Referendums_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Referendums in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Referendums_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Referendums in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Referendums_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Referendums in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Referendums in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Finland (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_France" title="Referendums in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Germany" title="Referendums in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Referendums in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Italy" title="Referendums in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Lithuania" title="Referendums in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Referendums in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Poland" title="Referendums in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Referendums in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Slovakia" title="Referendums in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Sweden" title="Referendums in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Referendums in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Ukraine" title="Referendums in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Transnistria" title="Referendums in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Jersey" title="Referendums in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendums_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendums in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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