CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Norbert Schmelzer - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5f2348d3-498f-4008-8ad4-3fcff01e1dcb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Norbert_Schmelzer","wgTitle":"Norbert Schmelzer","wgCurRevisionId":1272870342,"wgRevisionId":1272870342,"wgArticleId":22642397,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)","Articles needing additional references from August 2022","All articles needing additional references","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from December 2014","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","S-aft: 'after' parameter includes the word 'abolished'","1921 births","2008 deaths","Businesspeople from Rotterdam","Catholic People's Party politicians","Christian Democratic Appeal politicians","Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion","Dutch classical composers","Dutch classical pianists","Dutch corporate directors","Dutch critics","20th-century Dutch diarists","Dutch expatriates in Germany","Dutch-language poets","Dutch lobbyists","Dutch keyboardists","Dutch male poets","Dutch male short story writers","Dutch short story writers","Dutch memoirists","Dutch nonprofit directors","Dutch officials of the European Union","Dutch people of German descent","Dutch political commentators","Dutch political writers","Dutch Roman Catholics","European Union lobbyists","Grand Cross of the Ordre national du Mérite","Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit (Portugal)","Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)","Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany","Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour","Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George","Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre","Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic","Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau","Leaders of the Catholic People's Party","Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)","Members of the Senate (Netherlands)","Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands","Musicians from Rotterdam","Diplomats from Rotterdam","People from Sankt Ingbert","People from Wassenaar","Recipients of the Resistance Memorial Cross","State Secretaries for the Interior of the Netherlands","Tilburg University alumni","Writers from Rotterdam","20th-century Dutch civil servants","20th-century Dutch diplomats","20th-century Dutch economists","20th-century Dutch male writers","20th-century Dutch musicians","20th-century Dutch poets","21st-century Dutch male writers","21st-century Dutch musicians","21st-century Dutch poets","20th-century memoirists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Norbert_Schmelzer","wgRelevantArticleId":22642397,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q472249","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg/1200px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1538"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg/800px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1025"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg/640px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="820"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Norbert Schmelzer - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Norbert_Schmelzer rootpage-Norbert_Schmelzer skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Norbert+Schmelzer" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Norbert+Schmelzer" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Norbert+Schmelzer" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Norbert+Schmelzer" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Late career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Norbert Schmelzer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="نوربرت شميلزر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوربرت شميلزر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer" title="Norbert Schmelzer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Norbert Schmelzer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer" title="Norbert Schmelzer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Norbert Schmelzer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer" title="Norbert Schmelzer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Norbert Schmelzer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="نوربرت شميلزر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوربرت شميلزر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer" title="Norbert Schmelzer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Norbert Schmelzer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer" title="Norbert Schmelzer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Norbert Schmelzer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шмельцер, Норберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шмельцер, Норберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q472249#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Norbert_Schmelzer" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Schmelzer"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Norbert_Schmelzer" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Norbert_Schmelzer" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&oldid=1272870342" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Norbert_Schmelzer&id=1272870342&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNorbert_Schmelzer"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNorbert_Schmelzer"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Norbert_Schmelzer" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q472249" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Norbert_Schmelzer" title="Special:EditPage/Norbert Schmelzer">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Norbert+Schmelzer%22">"Norbert Schmelzer"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Norbert+Schmelzer%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Norbert+Schmelzer%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Norbert+Schmelzer%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Norbert+Schmelzer%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Norbert+Schmelzer%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch politician (1921–2008)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Norbert Schmelzer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schmelzer,_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg/240px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg/360px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg/480px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2243" data-file-height="2875" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Schmelzer in 1966</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 July 1971 – 11 May 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barend_Biesheuvel" title="Barend Biesheuvel">Barend Biesheuvel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Joseph Luns</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Max_van_der_Stoel" title="Max van der Stoel">Max van der Stoel</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Member of Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 May 1971 – 6 July 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Catholic People's Party</a> <br /> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 December 1963 – 28 April 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_de_Kort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim de Kort (page does not exist)">Wim de Kort</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cor_Kleisterlee_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cor Kleisterlee Jr. (page does not exist)">Cor Kleisterlee Jr.</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Leader of the Catholic People's Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 December 1963 – 25 February 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><i>See list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cor_Kleisterlee_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cor Kleisterlee Jr. (page does not exist)">Cor Kleisterlee Jr.</a> <small>(1963–1971)</small> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piet_Aalberse_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piet Aalberse Jr. (page does not exist)">Piet Aalberse Jr.</a> <small>(1963–1969)</small> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Piet_Engels" title="Piet Engels">Piet Engels</a> <small>(1969–1971)</small> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Veringa" title="Gerard Veringa">Gerard Veringa</a> <small>(1971)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_de_Kort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim de Kort (page does not exist)">Wim de Kort</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Veringa" title="Gerard Veringa">Gerard Veringa</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">Member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 July 1963 – 11 May 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 March 1959 – 19 May 1959</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">State Secretary for General Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 May 1959 – 24 July 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Quay" title="Jan de Quay">Jan de Quay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office abolished</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands">State Secretary for the Interior, <br /> Property and Public Sector <br /> Organisations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 October 1956 – 19 May 1959</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a> <small>(1956–1958)</small> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Beel" title="Louis Beel">Louis Beel</a> <small>(1958–1959)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theo_Bot" title="Theo Bot">Theo Bot</a> <br /> <small>as State Secretary for the Interior</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Wilhelm Klaus Norbert Schmelzer</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-03-22</span>)</span>22 March 1921<br /><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 November 2008<span style="display:none">(2008-11-14)</span> (aged 87)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sankt_Ingbert" title="Sankt Ingbert">Sankt Ingbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> <br /> <small>(from 1980)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Catholic People's Party</a> <br /> <small>(1952–1980)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Carla Mutsaerts</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="26 January 1950">1950</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="12 February 1977">1977</span>)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Daphne Mary Nieuwenhuizen</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="1 August 1977">1977</span>)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3 sons and 2 daughters <br /> (first marriage)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tilburg_University" title="Tilburg University">Tilburg Catholic Economic University</a> <br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Economics" title="Bachelor of Economics">Bachelor of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Economics" title="Master of Economics">Master of Economics</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wilhelm Klaus Norbert Schmelzer</b> (22 March 1921 – 14 November 2008) was a Dutch politician, diplomat and economist who served as <a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">party leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Catholic People's Party</a> (KVP) from 1963 to 1971 and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> from 1971 to 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schmelzer attended the gymnasium of the Jesuit <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_College,_The_Hague" title="Aloysius College, The Hague">Sint Aloysius College</a> in The Hague from June 1933 until July 1939 and applied at the <a href="/wiki/Tilburg_University" title="Tilburg University">Tilburg Catholic Economic University</a> in July 1939 <a href="/wiki/Major_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major (academic)">majoring</a> in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a>. On 10 May 1940 <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Netherlands">invaded</a> the Netherlands and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_government-in-exile" title="Dutch government-in-exile">government</a> fled to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> to escape the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">German occupation</a>. During the German occupation Schmelzer continued his study obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Economics" title="Bachelor of Economics">Bachelor of Economics</a> degree in June 1941 before graduating with a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Economics" title="Master of Economics">Master of Economics</a> degree in September 1945. Schmelzer worked as a civil servant for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Ministry of Economic Affairs</a> from February 1947 until October 1956 for the department for Financial and Economic Policy from February 1947 until August 1951 and the department for European and International Policy from August 1951 until October 1956. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schmelzer,_Norbert_-_SFA002011286.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA002011286.jpg/220px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA002011286.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA002011286.jpg/330px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA002011286.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA002011286.jpg/440px-Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA002011286.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princess_Jos%C3%A9phine_Charlotte_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium">Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Queen Juliana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg</a> and Minister of Foreign Affairs Norbert Schmelzer at <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Airport" title="Luxembourg Airport">Luxembourg Airport</a> on 7 July 1971.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minister_Schmelzer_(r)_en_Russische_Ambassadeur_Lavrov_tekenen_stukken_inzake_ec,_Bestanddeelnr_926-1794.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Minister_Schmelzer_%28r%29_en_Russische_Ambassadeur_Lavrov_tekenen_stukken_inzake_ec%2C_Bestanddeelnr_926-1794.jpg/220px-Minister_Schmelzer_%28r%29_en_Russische_Ambassadeur_Lavrov_tekenen_stukken_inzake_ec%2C_Bestanddeelnr_926-1794.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Minister_Schmelzer_%28r%29_en_Russische_Ambassadeur_Lavrov_tekenen_stukken_inzake_ec%2C_Bestanddeelnr_926-1794.jpg/330px-Minister_Schmelzer_%28r%29_en_Russische_Ambassadeur_Lavrov_tekenen_stukken_inzake_ec%2C_Bestanddeelnr_926-1794.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Minister_Schmelzer_%28r%29_en_Russische_Ambassadeur_Lavrov_tekenen_stukken_inzake_ec%2C_Bestanddeelnr_926-1794.jpg/440px-Minister_Schmelzer_%28r%29_en_Russische_Ambassadeur_Lavrov_tekenen_stukken_inzake_ec%2C_Bestanddeelnr_926-1794.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3668" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Ambassador of the Soviet Union to the Netherlands <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lavrov" title="Vladimir Lavrov">Vladimir Lavrov</a> and Minister of Foreign Affairs Norbert Schmelzer during a meeting at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> on 25 January 1973.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/1956_Dutch_general_election" title="1956 Dutch general election">election of 1956</a> Schmelzer was appointed as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands">State Secretary for the Interior</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Drees_cabinet" title="Third Drees cabinet">Cabinet Drees III</a>, taking office on 29 October 1956. The Cabinet Drees III fell on 11 December 1958 continued to serve in a <a href="/wiki/Demissionary_cabinet" title="Demissionary cabinet">demissionary</a> capacity until the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1958</a> when it was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Beel_cabinet" title="Second Beel cabinet">Cabinet Beel II</a> with Schmelzer continuing as State Secretary for the Interior, taking office on 22 December 1958. Schmelzer was elected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1959_Dutch_general_election" title="1959 Dutch general election">election of 1959</a>, taking office on 20 March. Following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1959</a>, Schmelzer was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">State Secretary for General Affairs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/De_Quay_cabinet" title="De Quay cabinet">Cabinet De Quay</a>, taking office on 19 May 1959. The office of State Secretary for General Affairs was created specially for Schmelzer and was considered as a <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/1963_Dutch_general_election" title="1963 Dutch general election">election of 1963</a> Schmelzer returned as a member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 2 July 1963. Following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1963</a> Schmelzer per his own request asked not to be considered for a cabinet post in the new <a href="/wiki/Marijnen_cabinet" title="Marijnen cabinet">cabinet</a>. He was seen as a rising star by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Catholic People's Party</a>'s leadership and was considered as the <a href="/wiki/Favorite_son" title="Favorite son">favourite son</a> to succeed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_de_Kort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim de Kort (page does not exist)">Wim de Kort</a> as the next <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Leader of the Catholic People's Party</a>. The Cabinet De Quay was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Marijnen_cabinet" title="Marijnen cabinet">Cabinet Marijnen</a> on 24 July 1963 he continued serving in the House of Representatives as a <a href="/wiki/Frontbencher" title="Frontbencher">frontbencher</a>. </p><p>In November 1963 the Leader of the Catholic People's Party and <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">parliamentary leader</a> in the House of Representatives <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_de_Kort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim de Kort (page does not exist)">Wim de Kort</a> announced he was stepping down as leader and parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives. The party leadership approached Schmelzer to be his successor, who accepted and became the leader and parliamentary leader, taking office on 7 December 1963. On 27 February 1965 the Cabinet Marijnen fell and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity and Schmelzer was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Formateur" title="Formateur">formateur</a>. Following a failed cabinet formation attempt he approached former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Education_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Education of the Netherlands">Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences</a> <a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a> as a candidate for Prime Minister, Cals accepted and was appointed as formateur to form a new cabinet. The following <a href="/wiki/1965_Dutch_cabinet_formation" title="1965 Dutch cabinet formation">cabinet formation of 1965</a> resulted in a coalition agreement between the Catholic People's Party, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a> (PvdA) and the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Revolutionary_Party" title="Anti-Revolutionary Party">Anti-Revolutionary Party</a> (ARP) which formed the <a href="/wiki/Cals_cabinet" title="Cals cabinet">Cabinet Cals</a> on 14 April 1965. </p><p>On 14 October 1966 Schmelzer proposed a <a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">motion</a> in the House of Representatives that called for a stronger financial and economic policy to further reduce the <a href="/wiki/Government_budget_balance" title="Government budget balance">deficit</a> from the Cabinet Cals, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a> saw this as an indirect <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> from his own party against his cabinet and announced the resignation of the cabinet that same day, the crisis would <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponymous</a> be called the <i><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Nacht van Schmelzer</i></span></i> ("<a href="/wiki/Night_of_Schmelzer" title="Night of Schmelzer">Night of Schmelzer</a>"). The Cabinet Cals continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1966</a> when it was replaced by the caretaker <a href="/wiki/Zijlstra_cabinet" title="Zijlstra cabinet">Cabinet Zijlstra</a> on 22 November 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/1967_Dutch_general_election" title="1967 Dutch general election">election of 1967</a> Schmelzer served as <i><a href="/wiki/Lijsttrekker" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijsttrekker">lijsttrekker</a></i> (top candidate). The Catholic People's Party suffered a small loss, losing 8 seats but retained its place as the largest party and now had 42 seats in the House of Representatives. The following <a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1967</a> resulted in a coalition agreement between the Catholic People's Party, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> (VVD), the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Historical_Union" title="Christian Historical Union">Christian Historical Union</a> (CHU) which formed the <a href="/wiki/De_Jong_cabinet" title="De Jong cabinet">Cabinet De Jong</a> on 5 April 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1971 Schmelzer unexpectedly announced that he was stepping down as party leader and that he would not stand for the <a href="/wiki/1971_Dutch_general_election" title="1971 Dutch general election">general election of 1971</a> but wanted to run for the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a>. Schmelzer was elected as a member of Senate after the <a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">Senate election of 1971</a>, he resigned as a member of the House of Representatives the same day he was installed as a member of Senate, taking office on 11 May 1971. Following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1971</a> Schmelzer was appointed as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="First Biesheuvel cabinet">Cabinet Biesheuvel I</a>, taking office on 6 July 1971. The Cabinet Biesheuvel I fell just one year later on 19 July 1972 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker <a href="/wiki/Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Second Biesheuvel cabinet">Cabinet Biesheuvel II</a> with Schmelzer continuing as Minister of Foreign Affairs, taking office on 9 August 1972. In September 1972 Schmelzer announced his retirement from national politics and that he would not stand for the <a href="/wiki/1972_Dutch_general_election" title="1972 Dutch general election">election of 1972</a>. The Cabinet Biesheuvel II was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Den_Uyl_cabinet" title="Den Uyl cabinet">Cabinet Den Uyl</a> following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1972-1973_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972-1973 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation of 1973</a> on 11 May 1973. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_career">Late career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Late career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schmelzer retired after spending 16 years in national politics and became active in the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a>; he occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards (<a href="/wiki/Douwe_Egberts" title="Douwe Egberts">Douwe Egberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/AkzoNobel" title="AkzoNobel">Akzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heijmans" title="Heijmans">Heijmans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Atlantic_Association" title="Netherlands Atlantic Association">Netherlands Atlantic Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_of_International_Relations_Clingendael" title="Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael">Institute of International Relations Clingendael</a>) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government (<a href="/wiki/KPN" title="KPN">KPN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stichting_Pensioenfonds_Zorg_en_Welzijn" title="Stichting Pensioenfonds Zorg en Welzijn">Public Pension Funds PFZW</a> and the Cadastre Agency), as well as served as a diplomat and lobbyist for several economic delegations on behalf of the government and the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>. Schmelzer was also a prolific composer, pianist and poet having written more than a dozen compositions and poems from 1973. </p><p>Schmelzer, who joined the newly-formed <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> (CDA) in 1980, was known for his abilities as a <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Negotiation" title="Negotiation">negotiator</a>. He continued to comment on political affairs until his death at the age of 87. He holds the distinction as the first State Secretary for the Interior and the first and only State Secretary for General Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations">Decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Honours </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:80px;">Ribbon bar</th> <th>Honour</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg/80px-OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg/120px-OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg/160px-OESSG_Cavaliere_BAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Knight</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg/120px-BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg/160px-BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)" title="Order of the Crown (Belgium)">Order of the Crown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>1959 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg/160px-Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Grand Officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg/80px-Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg/120px-Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg/160px-Ordre_de_la_couronne_de_Chene_GO_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Grand Officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Oak_Crown" title="Order of the Oak Crown">Order of the Oak Crown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>1969 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POR_Ordem_do_Merito_Gra-Cruz_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/POR_Ordem_do_Merito_Gra-Cruz_BAR.svg/80px-POR_Ordem_do_Merito_Gra-Cruz_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/POR_Ordem_do_Merito_Gra-Cruz_BAR.svg/120px-POR_Ordem_do_Merito_Gra-Cruz_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/POR_Ordem_do_Merito_Gra-Cruz_BAR.svg/160px-POR_Ordem_do_Merito_Gra-Cruz_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_(Portugal)" title="Order of Merit (Portugal)">Order of Merit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg/80px-ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg/120px-ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg/160px-ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="62" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Knight Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Order of Isabella the Catholic">Order of Isabella the Catholic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg/160px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/160px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Honorary Knight Grand Cross</a> of the <br /> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VEN_Order_of_the_Liberator_-_Grand_Officer_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/VEN_Order_of_the_Liberator_-_Grand_Officer_BAR.png/120px-VEN_Order_of_the_Liberator_-_Grand_Officer_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/VEN_Order_of_the_Liberator_-_Grand_Officer_BAR.png/160px-VEN_Order_of_the_Liberator_-_Grand_Officer_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Grand Officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Liberator" title="Order of the Liberator">Order of the Liberator</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_(Thailand)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Knight Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Elephant" title="Order of the White Elephant">Order of the White Elephant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>11 February 1973 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Commander_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Commander_BAR.png/80px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Commander_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Commander_BAR.png/120px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Commander_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Commander_BAR.png/160px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Commander_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Order of the Netherlands Lion">Order of the Netherlands Lion</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>8 June 1973 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NLD_Order_of_Orange-Nassau_-_Knight_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NLD_Order_of_Orange-Nassau_-_Knight_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-NLD_Order_of_Orange-Nassau_-_Knight_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NLD_Order_of_Orange-Nassau_-_Knight_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/160px-NLD_Order_of_Orange-Nassau_-_Knight_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Knight Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Order of Orange-Nassau">Order of Orange-Nassau</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>15 March 1991 </td> <td><small>Elevated from Grand Officer (27 July 1963)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg/160px-Ordre_national_du_Merite_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">National Order of Merit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parool.nl/nieuws/norbert-schmelzer-overleden~b453d2e7/">"Norbert Schmelzer overleden"</a> (in Dutch). Parool. 14 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norbert+Schmelzer+overleden&rft.pub=Parool&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parool.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fnorbert-schmelzer-overleden~b453d2e7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorbert+Schmelzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrouwx7/kabinetscrisis_1966_de_nacht_van">"Kabinetscrisis 1966: de Nacht van Schmelzer"</a> (in Dutch). Parlement & Politiek. 10 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kabinetscrisis+1966%3A+de+Nacht+van+Schmelzer&rft.pub=Parlement+%26+Politiek&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvh8lnhrouwx7%2Fkabinetscrisis_1966_de_nacht_van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorbert+Schmelzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschiedenis24.nl/nieuws/2005/december/P-J-S-Piet-de-Jong.html">P. J. S. (Piet) de Jong 5 April 1967 – 6 juli 1971</a>, Geschiedenis24, 9 December 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groene.nl/2005/43/de-putschisten-zijn-onder-ons">De putschisten zijn onder ons</a>, De Groene Amsterdammer, 28 October 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historiek.net/de-nacht-van-schmelzer-jo-cals/64497/">"De Nacht die de Nederlandse politiek veranderde"</a> (in Dutch). Historiek.net. 12 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+Nacht+die+de+Nederlandse+politiek+veranderde&rft.pub=Historiek.net&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoriek.net%2Fde-nacht-van-schmelzer-jo-cals%2F64497%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorbert+Schmelzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Norbert_Schmelzer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Norbert Schmelzer">Norbert Schmelzer</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Official</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09ll7p0pzm/w_k_n_norbert_schmelzer">Drs. W.K.N. (Norbert) Schmelzer</a> Parlement & Politiek</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/persoon/drs_w_k_n_schmelzer">Drs. W.K.N. Schmelzer</a> Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_de_Kort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim de Kort (page does not exist)">Wim de Kort</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Catholic People's Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1963–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cor_Kleisterlee_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cor Kleisterlee Jr. (page does not exist)">Cor Kleisterlee Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party#Leaders" title="Catholic People's Party">Leader of the Catholic People's Party</a> </b><br />1963–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Veringa" title="Gerard Veringa">Gerard Veringa</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_de_Kort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim de Kort (page does not exist)">Wim de Kort</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1963_Dutch_general_election" title="1963 Dutch general election">1963</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lijsttrekker" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijsttrekker">Lijsttrekker</a> of the <br /> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Catholic People's Party</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1967_Dutch_general_election" title="1967 Dutch general election">1967</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Veringa" title="Gerard Veringa">Gerard Veringa</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1971_Dutch_general_election" title="1971 Dutch general election">1971</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Office established</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_the_Netherlands#List_of_State_Secretaries_for_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands">State Secretary for the Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations</a> </b><br />1956–1959 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theo_Bot" title="Theo Bot">Theo Bot</a> <br /> <small>as State Secretary for the Interior</small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs#State_Secretary_for_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">State Secretary for General Affairs</a> </b><br />1959–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Office abolished</i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Joseph Luns</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1971–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Max_van_der_Stoel" title="Max van der Stoel">Max van der Stoel</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_the_Netherlands171" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_the_Netherlands171" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands">Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Berend_Buys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Berend Buys (page does not exist)">Buys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gogel" title="Alexander Gogel">Gogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maarten_van_der_Goes_van_Dirxland" title="Maarten van der Goes van Dirxland">Van der Goes van Dirxland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Frederik_R%C3%B6ell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Frederik Röell (page does not exist)">Röell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Hendrik_Mollerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Hendrik Mollerus (page does not exist)">Mollerus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulus_van_der_Heim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulus van der Heim (page does not exist)">Van der Heim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijsbert_Karel_van_Hogendorp" title="Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp">Van Hogendorp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Willem_Carel_van_Nagell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Willem Carel van Nagell (page does not exist)">Van Nagell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Gotthard_Reinhold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Gotthard Reinhold (page does not exist)">Reinhold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Frederik_van_Reede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Frederik van Reede (page does not exist)">Van Reede</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_de_Coninck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrice de Coninck (page does not exist)">De Coninck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gijsbert_Verstolk_van_Soelen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen (page does not exist)">Verstolk van Soelen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo van Zuylen van Nijevelt (page does not exist)">H. van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Willem_Huyssen_van_Kattendijke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Willem Huyssen van Kattendijke (page does not exist)">Huyssen van Kettendijke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Anne_Schimmelpenninck_van_der_Oye" title="Willem Anne Schimmelpenninck van der Oye">Schimmelpenninck van der Oye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Albert_Henry_de_la_Sarraz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Albert Henry de la Sarraz (page does not exist)">De la Sarraz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewijk_Napoleon_van_Randwijck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewijk Napoleon van Randwijck (page does not exist)">Van Randwijck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Schimmelpenninck" title="Gerrit Schimmelpenninck">Schimmelpenninck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Adolf_Bentinck_van_Nijenhuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Adolf Bentinck van Nijenhuis (page does not exist)">Bentinck van Nijenhuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardus_Antonius_Lightenvelt" title="Leonardus Antonius Lightenvelt">Lightenvelt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_van_Sonsbeeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman van Sonsbeeck (page does not exist)">Van Sonsbeeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt" title="Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt">Ja. van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floris_Adriaan_van_Hall" title="Floris Adriaan van Hall">Van Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%ABl_Th%C3%A9odore_Gevers_van_Endegeest" title="Daniël Théodore Gevers van Endegeest">Gevers van Endegeest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Karel_van_Goltstein" title="Jan Karel van Goltstein">Van Goltstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floris_Adriaan_van_Hall" title="Floris Adriaan van Hall">Van Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt" title="Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt">Ju. van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Napoleon_van_der_Goes_van_Dirxland" title="Louis Napoleon van der Goes van Dirxland">Van der Goes van Dirxland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt" title="Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt">Ja. van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Pascal_Hubert_Strens" title="Martin Pascal Hubert Strens">Strens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Jan_Lucas_Stratenus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Jan Lucas Stratenus (page does not exist)">Stratenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ther%C3%A8se_van_der_Maesen_de_Sombreff" title="Paul Therèse van der Maesen de Sombreff">Van der Maesen de Sombreff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Huyssen_van_Kattendijke" title="Willem Huyssen van Kattendijke">Huyssen van Kattendijke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eppo_Cremers" title="Eppo Cremers">Cremers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt" title="Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt">Ju. van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannes_Josephus_van_Mulken" title="Joannes Josephus van Mulken">Van Mulken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Marinus_Roest_van_Limburg" title="Theodorus Marinus Roest van Limburg">Roest van Limburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannes_Josephus_van_Mulken" title="Joannes Josephus van Mulken">Van Mulken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Gericke_van_Herwijnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Gericke van Herwijnen (page does not exist)">Gericke van Herwijnen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_van_der_Does_de_Willebois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph van der Does de Willebois (page does not exist)">Van der Does de Willebois</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_van_Heeckeren_van_Kell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem van Heeckeren van Kell (page does not exist)">Van Heeckeren van Kell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Lynden_van_Sandenburg" title="Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg">Van Lynden van Sandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Frederik_Rochussen" title="Willem Frederik Rochussen">Rochussen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_van_der_Does_de_Willebois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph van der Does de Willebois (page does not exist)">Van der Does de Willebois</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Willem_du_Tour_van_Bellinchave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Willem du Tour van Bellinchave (page does not exist)">Du Tour van Bellinchave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_van_Karnebeek" title="Abraham van Karnebeek">Van Karnebeek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Hartsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelis Hartsen (page does not exist)">Hartsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijsbert_van_Tienhoven" title="Gijsbert van Tienhoven">Van Tienhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_Coenraad_Jansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joannes Coenraad Jansen (page does not exist)">Jansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_R%C3%B6ell" title="Joan Röell">Röell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Hendrik_de_Beaufort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Hendrik de Beaufort (page does not exist)">De Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Melvil_van_Lynden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Melvil van Lynden (page does not exist)">Van Lynden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_George_Ellis" title="Abraham George Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_Marcus_van_Weede_van_Berencamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem Marcus van Weede van Berencamp (page does not exist)">Van Weede van Berencamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_George_Ellis" title="Abraham George Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirk_Arnold_Willem_van_Tets_van_Goudriaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirk Arnold Willem van Tets van Goudriaan (page does not exist)">Van Tets van Goudriaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Marees_van_Swinderen" title="René de Marees van Swinderen">De Marees van Swinderen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Cort_van_der_Linden" title="Pieter Cort van der Linden">Cort van der Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Loudon_(politician)" title="John Loudon (politician)">Loudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_van_Karnebeek" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman van Karnebeek">Van Karnebeek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Beelaerts_van_Blokland" title="Frans Beelaerts van Blokland">Beelaerts van Blokland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andries_Cornelis_Dirk_de_Graeff" title="Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff">De Graeff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruijs_de_Beerenbrouck" title="Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck">Ruijs de Beerenbrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrikus_Colijn" title="Hendrikus Colijn">Colijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Adriaan_Nicolaas_Patijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Adriaan Nicolaas Patijn">Patijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelco_van_Kleffens" title="Eelco van Kleffens">Van Kleffens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_van_Roijen" title="Herman van Roijen">Van Roijen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pim_van_Boetzelaer_van_Oosterhout" title="Pim van Boetzelaer van Oosterhout">Van Boetzelaer van Oosterhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Stikker" title="Dirk Stikker">Stikker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Beyen" title="Johan Beyen">Beyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Luns</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schmelzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_van_der_Stoel" title="Max van der Stoel">Van der Stoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_van_der_Klaauw" title="Chris van der Klaauw">Van der Klaauw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_van_der_Stoel" title="Max van der Stoel">Van der Stoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Van Agt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_den_Broek" title="Hans van den Broek">Van den Broek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Kooijmans" title="Pieter Kooijmans">Kooijmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Van Mierlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozias_van_Aartsen" title="Jozias van Aartsen">Van Aartsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_de_Hoop_Scheffer" title="Jaap de Hoop Scheffer">De Hoop Scheffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bot" title="Ben Bot">Bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Verhagen" title="Maxime Verhagen">Verhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Rosenthal" title="Uri Rosenthal">Rosenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Timmermans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Koenders" title="Bert Koenders">Koenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbe_Zijlstra" title="Halbe Zijlstra">Zijlstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Kaag" title="Sigrid Kaag">Kaag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stef_Blok" title="Stef Blok">Blok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Kaag" title="Sigrid Kaag">Kaag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_de_Bruijn" title="Tom de Bruijn">De Bruijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Knapen" title="Ben Knapen">Knapen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wopke_Hoekstra" title="Wopke Hoekstra">Hoekstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liesje_Schreinemacher" title="Liesje Schreinemacher">Schreinemacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanke_Bruins_Slot" title="Hanke Bruins Slot">Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Veldkamp" title="Caspar Veldkamp">Veldkamp</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_secretaries_for_the_interior_of_the_Netherlands203" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_secretaries_for_the_interior_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:State secretaries for the interior of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:State_secretaries_for_the_interior_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:State secretaries for the interior of the Netherlands (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_secretaries_for_the_interior_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State secretaries for the interior of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_secretaries_for_the_interior_of_the_Netherlands203" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_the_interior_of_the_Netherlands#List_of_state_secretaries_for_the_interior" title="List of ministers of the interior of the Netherlands">State secretaries for the interior of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schmelzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_Bot" title="Theo Bot">Bot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theo_Westerhout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theo Westerhout (page does not exist)">Westerhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_van_Veen" title="Chris van Veen">Van Veen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_van_Stuijvenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan van Stuijvenberg (page does not exist)">Van Stuijvenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Polak" title="Wim Polak">Polak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Koning" title="Henk Koning">Koning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskia_Stuiveling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saskia Stuiveling (page does not exist)">Stuiveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Leijenhorst" title="Gerard van Leijenhorst">Van Leijenhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_van_Amelsvoort" title="Marius van Amelsvoort">Van Amelsvoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieuwke_de_Graaff-Nauta" title="Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta">De Graaff-Nauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonny_van_de_Vondervoort" title="Tonny van de Vondervoort">Van de Vondervoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Kohnstamm" title="Jacob Kohnstamm">Kohnstamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijs_de_Vries" title="Gijs de Vries">De Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Hessing" title="Rob Hessing">Hessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ank_Bijleveld" title="Ank Bijleveld">Bijleveld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Knops" title="Raymond Knops">Knops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_van_Huffelen" title="Alexandra van Huffelen">Van Huffelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zsolt_Szab%C3%B3_(Dutch_politician)" title="Zsolt Szabó (Dutch politician)">Szabó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_van_Marum" title="Eddie van Marum">Van Marum</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet_(1972–1973)377" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Template:Second Biesheuvel cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Template talk:Second Biesheuvel cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Biesheuvel cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet_(1972–1973)377" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Second Biesheuvel cabinet">Second Biesheuvel cabinet</a> (1972–1973)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Preceded: <a href="/wiki/First_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="First Biesheuvel cabinet">First Biesheuvel cabinet</a></li> <li>Succeed: <a href="/wiki/Den_Uyl_cabinet" title="Den Uyl cabinet">Den Uyl cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barend_Biesheuvel" title="Barend Biesheuvel">Barend Biesheuvel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roelof_Nelissen" title="Roelof Nelissen">Roelof Nelissen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Molly Geertsema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norbert Schmelzer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrie_Langman" title="Harrie Langman">Harrie Langman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_de_Koster" title="Hans de Koster">Hans de Koster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Stuyt" title="Louis Stuyt">Louis Stuyt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Health and Environment</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Boersma" title="Jaap Boersma">Jaap Boersma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_van_Veen" title="Chris van Veen">Chris van Veen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9_Udink" title="Bé Udink">Bé Udink</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing and Spatial Planning</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lardinois" title="Pierre Lardinois">Pierre Lardinois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture and Fisheries</a>) <small>(1972–1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Boersma" title="Jaap Boersma">Jaap Boersma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture and Fisheries</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Engels" title="Piet Engels">Piet Engels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Culture, Recreation and Social Work</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Ministers without portfolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lardinois" title="Pierre Lardinois">Pierre Lardinois</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs</a>) <small>(1972–1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Molly Geertsema</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Boertien" title="Kees Boertien">Kees Boertien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Trade_and_Development_Cooperation_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (Netherlands)">Development Cooperation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_van_Veen" title="Chris van Veen">Chris van Veen</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Education_of_the_Netherlands#List_of_Ministers_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Education of the Netherlands">Higher Education and Science Policy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary (Netherlands)">State Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tjerk_Westerterp" title="Tjerk Westerterp">Tjerk Westerterp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Scholten" title="Willem Scholten">Willem Scholten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fons_van_der_Stee" title="Fons van der Stee">Fons van der Stee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grosheide" title="Hans Grosheide">Hans Grosheide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Oostenbrink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Oostenbrink (page does not exist)">Jan Oostenbrink</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adri_van_Es" title="Adri van Es">Adri van Es</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koos_Rietkerk" title="Koos Rietkerk">Koos Rietkerk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kees_Schelfhout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kees Schelfhout (page does not exist)">Kees Schelfhout</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roelof_Kruisinga" title="Roelof Kruisinga">Roelof Kruisinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Buck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Buck (page does not exist)">Werner Buck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing and Spatial Planning</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Vonhoff" title="Henk Vonhoff">Henk Vonhoff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Culture, Recreation and Social Work</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Biesheuvel_cabinet_(1971–1972)377" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Template:First Biesheuvel cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Template talk:First Biesheuvel cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Biesheuvel cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Biesheuvel_cabinet_(1971–1972)377" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="First Biesheuvel cabinet">First Biesheuvel cabinet</a> (1971–1972)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Preceded: <a href="/wiki/De_Jong_cabinet" title="De Jong cabinet">De Jong cabinet</a></li> <li>Succeed: <a href="/wiki/Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Second Biesheuvel cabinet">Second Biesheuvel cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barend_Biesheuvel" title="Barend Biesheuvel">Barend Biesheuvel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roelof_Nelissen" title="Roelof Nelissen">Roelof Nelissen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Molly Geertsema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norbert Schmelzer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrie_Langman" title="Harrie Langman">Harrie Langman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_de_Koster" title="Hans de Koster">Hans de Koster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Stuyt" title="Louis Stuyt">Louis Stuyt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Health and the Environment</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Boersma" title="Jaap Boersma">Jaap Boersma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_van_Veen" title="Chris van Veen">Chris van Veen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees_Jr." title="Willem Drees Jr.">Willem Drees Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>) <small>(1971–1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9_Udink" title="Bé Udink">Bé Udink</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>) <small>(from 1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lardinois" title="Pierre Lardinois">Pierre Lardinois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture and Fisheries</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9_Udink" title="Bé Udink">Bé Udink</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing and Spatial Planning</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Engels" title="Piet Engels">Piet Engels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Culture, Recreation and Social Work</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Ministers without portfolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roelof_Nelissen" title="Roelof Nelissen">Roelof Nelissen</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs</a>) <small>(1971–1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lardinois" title="Pierre Lardinois">Pierre Lardinois</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Boertien" title="Kees Boertien">Kees Boertien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Trade_and_Development_Cooperation_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (Netherlands)">Development Cooperation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauk_de_Brauw" title="Mauk de Brauw">Mauk de Brauw</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Higher Education and Science Policy</a>) <small>(1971–1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_van_Veen" title="Chris van Veen">Chris van Veen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Higher Education and Science Policy</a>) <small>(from 1972)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary (Netherlands)">State Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_van_Stuijvenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan van Stuijvenberg (page does not exist)">Jan van Stuijvenberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(1971–1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjerk_Westerterp" title="Tjerk Westerterp">Tjerk Westerterp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Scholten" title="Willem Scholten">Willem Scholten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fons_van_der_Stee" title="Fons van der Stee">Fons van der Stee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grosheide" title="Hans Grosheide">Hans Grosheide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Oostenbrink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Oostenbrink (page does not exist)">Jan Oostenbrink</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adri_van_Es" title="Adri van Es">Adri van Es</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koos_Rietkerk" title="Koos Rietkerk">Koos Rietkerk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kees_Schelfhout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kees Schelfhout (page does not exist)">Kees Schelfhout</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roelof_Kruisinga" title="Roelof Kruisinga">Roelof Kruisinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Buck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Buck (page does not exist)">Werner Buck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing and Spatial Planning</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fia_van_Veenendaal-van_Meggelen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fia van Veenendaal-van Meggelen (page does not exist)">Fia van Veenendaal-van Meggelen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Culture, Recreation and Social Work</a>) <small>(1971–1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Vonhoff" title="Henk Vonhoff">Henk Vonhoff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Culture, Recreation and Social Work</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="De_Quay_cabinet_(1959–1963)304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:De_Quay_cabinet" title="Template:De Quay cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:De_Quay_cabinet" title="Template talk:De Quay cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:De_Quay_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:De Quay cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="De_Quay_cabinet_(1959–1963)304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/De_Quay_cabinet" title="De Quay cabinet">De Quay cabinet</a> (1959–1963)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Preceded: <a href="/wiki/Second_Beel_cabinet" title="Second Beel cabinet">Second Beel cabinet</a></li> <li>Succeed: <a href="/wiki/Marijnen_cabinet" title="Marijnen cabinet">Marijnen cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Quay" title="Jan de Quay">Jan de Quay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Korthals" title="Henk Korthals">Henk Korthals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edzo_Toxopeus" title="Edzo Toxopeus">Edzo Toxopeus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Joseph Luns</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelle_Zijlstra" title="Jelle Zijlstra">Jelle Zijlstra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Beerman" title="Albert Beerman">Albert Beerman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Pous" title="Jan de Pous">Jan de Pous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_J._van_den_Bergh" title="Sidney J. van den Bergh">Sidney J. van den Bergh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(1959)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Quay" title="Jan de Quay">Jan de Quay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim_Visser" title="Sim Visser">Sim Visser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>) <small>(from 1959)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_van_Rooy" title="Charles van Rooy">Charles van Rooy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">and Health</a>) <small>(1959–1961)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Marijnen" title="Victor Marijnen">Victor Marijnen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">and Health</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Veldkamp" title="Gerard Veldkamp">Gerard Veldkamp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">and Health</a>) <small>(from 1961)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>) <small>(1959–1961)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga_Klomp%C3%A9" title="Marga Klompé">Marga Klompé</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>) <small>(1961–1962) (<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>) <small>(1962–1963)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga_Klomp%C3%A9" title="Marga Klompé">Marga Klompé</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>) <small>(from 1963) (<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Marijnen" title="Victor Marijnen">Victor Marijnen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture and Fisheries</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aartsen" title="Jan van Aartsen">Jan van Aartsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing and Construction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga_Klomp%C3%A9" title="Marga Klompé">Marga Klompé</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Social Work</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary (Netherlands)">State Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norbert Schmelzer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_Bot" title="Theo Bot">Theo Bot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_van_Houten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans van Houten (page does not exist)">Hans van Houten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_van_den_Berge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem van den Berge (page does not exist)">Willem van den Berge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Veldkamp" title="Gerard Veldkamp">Gerard Veldkamp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>) <small>(1959–1961)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_Gijzels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans Gijzels (page does not exist)">Frans Gijzels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>) <small>(from 1961)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Calmeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Calmeyer (page does not exist)">Michael Calmeyer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_de_Jong" title="Piet de Jong">Piet de Jong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauke_Roolvink" title="Bauke Roolvink">Bauke Roolvink</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">and Health</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ynso_Scholten" title="Ynso Scholten">Ynso Scholten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_Stubenrouch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard Stubenrouch (page does not exist)">Gerard Stubenrouch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>) <small>(1959–1962) (<a href="/wiki/Death_in_office" title="Death in office">†</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Janssen_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Janssen (politician) (page does not exist)">Harry Janssen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>) <small>(from 1962)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Stijkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddie Stijkel (page does not exist)">Eddie Stijkel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Beel_cabinet_(1958–1959)307" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Beel_cabinet" title="Template:Second Beel cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Beel_cabinet" title="Template talk:Second Beel cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Beel_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Beel cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Beel_cabinet_(1958–1959)307" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Beel_cabinet" title="Second Beel cabinet">Second Beel cabinet</a> (1958–1959)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Preceded: <a href="/wiki/Third_Drees_cabinet" title="Third Drees cabinet">Third Drees cabinet</a></li> <li>Succeed: <a href="/wiki/De_Quay_cabinet" title="De Quay cabinet">De Quay cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beel" title="Louis Beel">Louis Beel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">and Health</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teun_Struycken_(1906%E2%80%931977)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teun Struycken (1906–1977)">Teun Struycken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Joseph Luns</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelle_Zijlstra" title="Jelle Zijlstra">Jelle Zijlstra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Staf" title="Kees Staf">Kees Staf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">War and Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aartsen" title="Jan van Aartsen">Jan van Aartsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Witte" title="Herman Witte">Herman Witte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing and Construction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga_Klomp%C3%A9" title="Marga Klompé">Marga Klompé</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Social Work</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Helders" title="Gerard Helders">Gerard Helders</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Colonial Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary (Netherlands)">State Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norbert Schmelzer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Veldkamp" title="Gerard Veldkamp">Gerard Veldkamp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Moorman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Moorman (page does not exist)">Harry Moorman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Navy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_H%C3%B6ppener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Höppener (page does not exist)">René Höppener</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Third_Drees_cabinet_(1956–1958)312" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Third_Drees_cabinet" title="Template:Third Drees cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Third_Drees_cabinet" title="Template talk:Third Drees cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Third_Drees_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Third Drees cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Third_Drees_cabinet_(1956–1958)312" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Drees_cabinet" title="Third Drees cabinet">Third Drees cabinet</a> (1956–1958)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Preceded: <a href="/wiki/Second_Drees_cabinet" title="Second Drees cabinet">Second Drees cabinet</a></li> <li>Succeed: <a href="/wiki/Second_Beel_cabinet" title="Second Beel cabinet">Second Beel cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teun_Struycken_(1906%E2%80%931977)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teun Struycken (1906–1977)">Teun Struycken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ko_Suurhoff" title="Ko Suurhoff">Ko Suurhoff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Joseph Luns</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Hofstra" title="Henk Hofstra">Henk Hofstra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Samkalden" title="Ivo Samkalden">Ivo Samkalden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelle_Zijlstra" title="Jelle Zijlstra">Jelle Zijlstra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Staf" title="Kees Staf">Kees Staf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">War and Navy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko_Suurhoff" title="Ko Suurhoff">Ko Suurhoff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">and Health</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Algera" title="Jacob Algera">Jacob Algera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>) <small>(1956–1958)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Witte" title="Herman Witte">Herman Witte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aartsen" title="Jan van Aartsen">Jan van Aartsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Water_Management_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands)">Transport and Water Management</a>) <small>(1958)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicco_Mansholt" title="Sicco Mansholt">Sicco Mansholt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies</a>) <small>(1956–1958)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Staf" title="Kees Staf">Kees Staf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Vondeling" title="Anne Vondeling">Anne Vondeling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Nature_and_Food_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality">Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies</a>) <small>(1958)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Witte" title="Herman Witte">Herman Witte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Spatial_Planning_and_the_Environment_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)">Housing and Construction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga_Klomp%C3%A9" title="Marga Klompé">Marga Klompé</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Social Work</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Staf" title="Kees Staf">Kees Staf</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Colonial Affairs</a>) <small>(<i>Ad interim</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Helders" title="Gerard Helders">Gerard Helders</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Kingdom_Relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands">Colonial Affairs</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary (Netherlands)">State Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norbert Schmelzer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior, Property and Public Sector Organisations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_van_der_Beugel" title="Ernst van der Beugel">Ernst van der Beugel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Veldkamp" title="Gerard Veldkamp">Gerard Veldkamp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Kranenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Kranenburg (page does not exist)">Ferdinand Kranenburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">War</a>) <small>(1956–1958)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meine_van_Veen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meine van Veen (page does not exist)">Meine van Veen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">War</a>) <small>(1958)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Moorman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Moorman (page does not exist)">Harry Moorman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Navy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aat_van_Rhijn" title="Aat van Rhijn">Aat van Rhijn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">and Health</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_de_Waal" title="Anna de Waal">Anna de Waal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>) <small>(1956–1957)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_H%C3%B6ppener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Höppener (page does not exist)">René Höppener</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Arts and Sciences</a>) <small>(1956–1957)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472249#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1158" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472249#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472249#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078708712">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/40455099">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/62103/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJw8T8mQFCMX8bdrpr4cyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129423017">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80131779">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070914710">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/62998946">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/129423017.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&oldid=1272870342">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&oldid=1272870342</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1921_births" title="Category:1921 births">1921 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2008_deaths" title="Category:2008 deaths">2008 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Rotterdam" title="Category:Businesspeople from Rotterdam">Businesspeople from Rotterdam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_People%27s_Party_politicians" title="Category:Catholic People's Party politicians">Catholic People's Party politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_Democratic_Appeal_politicians" title="Category:Christian Democratic Appeal politicians">Christian Democratic Appeal politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Category:Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion">Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_classical_composers" title="Category:Dutch classical composers">Dutch classical composers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_classical_pianists" title="Category:Dutch classical pianists">Dutch classical pianists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_corporate_directors" title="Category:Dutch corporate directors">Dutch corporate directors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_critics" title="Category:Dutch critics">Dutch critics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_diarists" title="Category:20th-century Dutch diarists">20th-century Dutch diarists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_expatriates_in_Germany" title="Category:Dutch expatriates in Germany">Dutch expatriates in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch-language_poets" title="Category:Dutch-language poets">Dutch-language poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_lobbyists" title="Category:Dutch lobbyists">Dutch lobbyists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_keyboardists" title="Category:Dutch keyboardists">Dutch keyboardists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_male_poets" title="Category:Dutch male poets">Dutch male poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_male_short_story_writers" title="Category:Dutch male short story writers">Dutch male short story writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_short_story_writers" title="Category:Dutch short story writers">Dutch short story writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_memoirists" title="Category:Dutch memoirists">Dutch memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_nonprofit_directors" title="Category:Dutch nonprofit directors">Dutch nonprofit directors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_officials_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:Dutch officials of the European Union">Dutch officials of the European Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_people_of_German_descent" title="Category:Dutch people of German descent">Dutch people of German descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_political_commentators" title="Category:Dutch political commentators">Dutch political commentators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_political_writers" title="Category:Dutch political writers">Dutch political writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:Dutch Roman Catholics">Dutch Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union_lobbyists" title="Category:European Union lobbyists">European Union lobbyists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Cross_of_the_Ordre_national_du_M%C3%A9rite" title="Category:Grand Cross of the Ordre national du Mérite">Grand Cross of the Ordre national du Mérite</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Merit_(Portugal)" title="Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit (Portugal)">Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit (Portugal)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)" title="Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)">Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Commander_of_the_Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Category:Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Officers_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" title="Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour">Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Honorary_Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Category:Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic">Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau">Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Category:Leaders of the Catholic People's Party">Leaders of the Catholic People's Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Category:Members of the Senate (Netherlands)">Members of the Senate (Netherlands)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands">Ministers of foreign affairs of the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Rotterdam" title="Category:Musicians from Rotterdam">Musicians from Rotterdam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Diplomats_from_Rotterdam" title="Category:Diplomats from Rotterdam">Diplomats from Rotterdam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Sankt_Ingbert" title="Category:People from Sankt Ingbert">People from Sankt Ingbert</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Wassenaar" title="Category:People from Wassenaar">People from Wassenaar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Resistance_Memorial_Cross" title="Category:Recipients of the Resistance Memorial Cross">Recipients of the Resistance Memorial Cross</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_Secretaries_for_the_Interior_of_the_Netherlands" title="Category:State Secretaries for the Interior of the Netherlands">State Secretaries for the Interior of the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tilburg_University_alumni" title="Category:Tilburg University alumni">Tilburg University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Rotterdam" title="Category:Writers from Rotterdam">Writers from Rotterdam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_civil_servants" title="Category:20th-century Dutch civil servants">20th-century Dutch civil servants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_diplomats" title="Category:20th-century Dutch diplomats">20th-century Dutch diplomats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_economists" title="Category:20th-century Dutch economists">20th-century Dutch economists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century Dutch male writers">20th-century Dutch male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_musicians" title="Category:20th-century Dutch musicians">20th-century Dutch musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_poets" title="Category:20th-century Dutch poets">20th-century Dutch poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Dutch_male_writers" title="Category:21st-century Dutch male writers">21st-century Dutch male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Dutch_musicians" title="Category:21st-century Dutch musicians">21st-century Dutch musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Dutch_poets" title="Category:21st-century Dutch poets">21st-century Dutch poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_memoirists" title="Category:20th-century memoirists">20th-century memoirists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)">Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2022">Articles needing additional references from August 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2014">Use dmy dates from December 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:S-aft:_%27after%27_parameter_includes_the_word_%27abolished%27" title="Category:S-aft: 'after' parameter includes the word 'abolished'">S-aft: 'after' parameter includes the word 'abolished'</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 January 2025, at 15:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmelzer&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Norbert Schmelzer</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>8 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7ccc697c5f-fkfsf","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.043","walltime":"1.299","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16080,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":201615,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":28027,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":96700,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1097.806 1 -total"," 42.21% 463.329 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 16.71% 183.482 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 9.52% 104.521 1 Template:Lang"," 9.50% 104.325 7 Template:Navbox"," 9.27% 101.753 1 Template:Plainlist"," 8.82% 96.824 2 Template:Marriage"," 8.40% 92.179 1 Template:Reflist"," 7.84% 86.035 1 Template:More_citations"," 6.93% 76.104 1 Template:Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.562","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":27180619,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-74b7bb4b44-rss9x","timestamp":"20250331202848","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Norbert Schmelzer","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norbert_Schmelzer","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q472249","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q472249","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-05-01T16:50:28Z","dateModified":"2025-01-30T15:27:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/Schmelzer%2C_Norbert_-_SFA005000409.jpg","headline":"Dutch politician (1921\u20132008)"}</script> </body> </html>