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property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiera"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Aldatu" href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (eu)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eu.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiera"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Jarioa" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:AzkenAldaketak&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Islandiera rootpage-Islandiera skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Islandiera" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Islandiera" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Islandiera" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Islandiera" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sendia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sendia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sendia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sendia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Norvegiar_etorkinen_hizkuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norvegiar_etorkinen_hizkuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Norvegiar etorkinen hizkuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norvegiar_etorkinen_hizkuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaur_egungo_egoera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaur_egungo_egoera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gaur egungo egoera</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gaur_egungo_egoera-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Gaur egungo egoera azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gaur_egungo_egoera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hiztunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiztunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hiztunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiztunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialektoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialektoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dialektoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialektoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islandiar_alfabetoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islandiar_alfabetoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Islandiar alfabetoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islandiar_alfabetoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islandieraren_garbizaletasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islandieraren_garbizaletasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Islandieraren garbizaletasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islandieraren_garbizaletasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizkuntzaren_egitura_eta_ezaugarriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizkuntzaren_egitura_eta_ezaugarriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hizkuntzaren egitura eta ezaugarriak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hizkuntzaren_egitura_eta_ezaugarriak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Hizkuntzaren egitura eta ezaugarriak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hizkuntzaren_egitura_eta_ezaugarriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonetika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonetika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Fonetika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonetika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bokalak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bokalak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Bokalak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bokalak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontsonanteak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontsonanteak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Kontsonanteak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontsonanteak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azentua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azentua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Azentua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azentua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Morfologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Izenak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aditzak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aditzak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Aditzak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aditzak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hitz_eta_esaldi_banaka_batzuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hitz_eta_esaldi_banaka_batzuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hitz eta esaldi banaka batzuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hitz_eta_esaldi_banaka_batzuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antzeko_hitzak_ingelesarekin_(kognatuak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antzeko_hitzak_ingelesarekin_(kognatuak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Antzeko hitzak ingelesarekin (kognatuak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antzeko_hitzak_ingelesarekin_(kognatuak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Morfologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morfologia_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Morfologia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morfologia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pertsona-izenordainak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertsona-izenordainak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Pertsona-izenordainak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertsona-izenordainak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-izenordain_bihurkariak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#izenordain_bihurkariak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>izenordain bihurkariak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-izenordain_bihurkariak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izenordain_eta_adberbio_galdetzaileak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izenordain_eta_adberbio_galdetzaileak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Izenordain eta adberbio galdetzaileak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izenordain_eta_adberbio_galdetzaileak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zenbakiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zenbakiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Zenbakiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zenbakiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izen_arruntak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izen_arruntak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Izen arruntak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izen_arruntak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-u-umlauta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#u-umlauta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5.1</span> <span>u-umlauta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-u-umlauta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aditzak_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aditzak_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Aditzak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aditzak_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izenlagunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izenlagunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Izenlagunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izenlagunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Islandiera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 157 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аисланд бызшәа – abkhaziera" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аисланд бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yslands" title="Yslands – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yslands" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndische_Sprache" title="Isländische Sprache – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Isländische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%8A%9B" title="አይስላንድኛ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አይስላንድኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_island%C3%A9s" title="Idioma islandés – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma islandés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAslendisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Īslendisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Īslendisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आइसलैंडिक भाषा – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आइसलैंडिक भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الآيسلندية – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الآيسلندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="ايسلاندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايسلاندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_island%C3%A9s" title="Idioma islandés – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma islandés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandava" title="Islandava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Islandava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sland_dili" title="İsland dili – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsland dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ایسلند دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسلند دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndisch" title="Isländisch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Isländisch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandu_kalba" title="Islandu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Islandu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісландская мова – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісландская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісьляндзкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ісьляндзкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Исландски език – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Исландски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আইসল্যান্ডীয় ভাষা – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইসল্যান্ডীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandeg" title="Islandeg – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Islandeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandski_jezik" title="Islandski jezik – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Islandski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C3%A8s" title="Islandès – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Islandès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ADng-d%C5%8D%CC%A4-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Bĭng-dō̤-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bĭng-dō̤-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Исландхойн мотт – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исландхойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Islandes" title="Pinulongang Islandes – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Islandes" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B3_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئایسلەندی – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئایسلەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islandesa" title="Lingua islandesa – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua islandesa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sland_tili" title="İsland tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İsland tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%A1tina" title="Islandština – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Islandština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Исланд чĕлхи – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Исланд чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandeg" title="Islandeg – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Islandeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandsk_(sprog)" title="Islandsk (sprog) – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Islandsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndische_Sprache" title="Isländische Sprache – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isländische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slandki" title="İslandki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İslandki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Islandšćina – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Islandšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ισλανδική γλώσσα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισλανδική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Icelandic language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda_lingvo" title="Islanda lingvo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islanda lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_island%C3%A9s" title="Idioma islandés – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma islandés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi_keel" title="Islandi keel – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Islandi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_islandesa" title="Luenga islandesa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga islandesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زبان ایسلندی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ایسلندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islannin_kieli" title="Islannin kieli – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Islannin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi_kiil" title="Islandi kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Islandi kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Íslendskt mál – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Íslendskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandais" title="Islandais – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Islandais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isluns" title="Isluns – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Isluns" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysl%C3%A2nsk" title="Yslânsk – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yslânsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_%C3%8Doslainnis" title="An Íoslainnis – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Íoslainnis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="冰島語 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="冰島語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innis-T%C3%AClis" title="Innis-Tìlis – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Innis-Tìlis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islandesa" title="Lingua islandesa – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua islandesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilandia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Ilandiañe'ẽ – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ilandiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eeslynnish" title="Eeslynnish – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eeslynnish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAn-t%C3%B3-ng%C3%AE" title="Pên-tó-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pên-tó-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_%CA%BB%C4%80ina_Hau" title="ʻŌlelo ʻĀina Hau – hawaiiera" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo ʻĀina Hau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="איסלנדית – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסלנדית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आइसलैण्डिक भाषा – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आइसलैण्डिक भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_bhasa" title="Icelandic bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Icelandic bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandski_jezik" title="Islandski jezik – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Islandski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Islandšćina – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Islandšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izlandi_nyelv" title="Izlandi nyelv – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izlandi nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Իսլանդերեն – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսլանդերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islandese" title="Lingua islandese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua islandese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Islandia" title="Bahasa Islandia – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Islandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Islandes" title="Pagsasao nga Islandes – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Islandes" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandana_linguo" title="Islandana linguo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Islandana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslenska" title="Íslenska – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íslenska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islandese" title="Lingua islandese – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua islandese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%AA%9E" title="アイスランド語 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイスランド語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislandik_langwij" title="Aislandik langwij – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aislandik langwij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%88slan" title="Basa Èslan – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Èslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ისლანდიური ენა – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლანდიური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Ислэндбзэ – kabardiera" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ислэндбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Islandia" title="Bahasa Islandia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Islandia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Исланд тілі – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Исланд тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="ភាសាអាយឡែន – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអាយឡែន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%96%B4" title="아이슬란드어 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이슬란드어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_%C3%AEslend%C3%AE" title="Zimanê îslendî – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê îslendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Исландса кыв – komiera" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Исландса кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandek" title="Islandek – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Islandek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Исланд тили – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Исланд тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Islandica" title="Lingua Islandica – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Islandica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4nnesch" title="Islännesch – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Islännesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islansce_(lingua)" title="Islansce (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Islansce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslandjs" title="Ieslandjs – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ieslandjs" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_islandeise" title="Lengua islandeise – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua islandeise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Islandesa" title="Lengua Islandesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua Islandesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2" title="ພາສາອີສະແລນສະກາ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອີສະແລນສະກາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%B3_kalba" title="Islandų kalba – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Islandų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Islandiešu valoda – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Islandiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_islandey" title="Fiteny islandey – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny islandey" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Исланд йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Исланд йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Исландски јазик – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исландски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഐസ്‌ലാന്റിക് ഭാഷ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐസ്‌ലാന്റിക് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="इस्लेन्स्का भाषा – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्लेन्स्का भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Iceland" title="Bahasa Iceland – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Iceland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အိုက်စလန်နွယ်ဘာသာစကား – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုက်စလန်နွယ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ایسلندی – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایسلندی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslannsche_Spraak" title="Ieslannsche Spraak – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ieslannsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslaans" title="Ieslaans – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ieslaans" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJslands" title="IJslands – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJslands" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandsk" title="Islandsk – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Islandsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandsk" title="Islandsk – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Islandsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C3%A9s" title="Islandés – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Islandés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandien_kieli" title="Islandien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Islandien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Исландиаг æвзаг – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Исландиаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_islandzki" title="Język islandzki – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język islandzki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_island%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga islandèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga islandèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C" title="آئیسلینڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئیسلینڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ايسلينډي ژبه – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايسلينډي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_islandesa" title="Língua islandesa – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua islandesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya_simi" title="Islandya simi – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Islandya simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_islandez%C4%83" title="Limba islandeză – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba islandeză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Исландский язык – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исландский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ісландьскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ісландьскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_islandesa" title="Limba islandesa – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba islandesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_islannisa" title="Lingua islannisa – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua islannisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_leid" title="Icelandic leid – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Icelandic leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A%DA%AA_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="آئسلينڊڪ ٻولي – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آئسلينڊڪ ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A1nddagiella" title="Islánddagiella – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Islánddagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandski_jezik" title="Islandski jezik – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Islandski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Icelandic language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C4%8Dina" title="Islandčina – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Islandčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Islandščina – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Islandščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandkiel%C3%A2" title="Islandkielâ – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Islandkielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiisirandi" title="Chiisirandi – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiisirandi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_islandeze" title="Gjuha islandeze – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha islandeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Исландски језик – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исландски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesloundsk" title="Iesloundsk – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iesloundsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndska" title="Isländska – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isländska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiiceland" title="Kiiceland – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiiceland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இசுலேன்சுக மொழி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுலேன்சுக மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Забони исландӣ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони исландӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาไอซ์แลนด์ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาไอซ์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Islandes" title="Wikang Islandes – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Islandes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi_zyvon" title="Islandi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Islandi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Aislan" title="Tok Aislan – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Aislan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zlandaca" title="İzlandaca – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzlandaca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Исланд теле – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Исланд теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Исланд кыл – udmurtera" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Исланд кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئىسلاندىيە تىلى – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسلاندىيە تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісландська мова – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісландська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آئس لینڈی زبان – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئس لینڈی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_tili" title="Island tili – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Island tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_island%C3%A9ze" title="Łéngua islandéze – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua islandéze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandijan_kel%27" title="Islandijan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Islandijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Iceland" title="Tiếng Iceland – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Iceland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lislade%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Lisladeänapük – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lisladeänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冰岛语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ისლანდიური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისლანდიური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰岛语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng-t%C3%B3-g%C3%AD" title="Peng-tó-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peng-tó-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E6%96%87" title="冰島文 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冰島文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi-Icelandic" title="Isi-Icelandic – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isi-Icelandic" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q294#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Islandiera" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Islandiera&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label 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href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Islandiera" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Islandiera" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&oldid=9803240" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Islandiera&id=9803240&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIslandiera"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIslandiera"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Icelandic_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q294" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Islandiera</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;border-top: 2px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; background-color: #eee;">ايسلاندى — íslenska</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Datu orokorrak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lurralde eremua</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a> <br /><small>eta baita <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadan</a> ere</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hiztunak</th><td class="infobox-data">320.000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ofizialtasuna</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Araugilea</th><td class="infobox-data">Islandiar Ikasketen Árni Magnússon Institutua</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Hizkuntza sailkapena</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">giza hizkuntza</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">indoeuropar hizkuntzak</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germaniar hizkuntzak</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Iparraldeko germaniar hizkuntzak">ipar-germaniar hizkuntzak</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10669695" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q10669695">Scandinavian languages</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10669695?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1792570" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1792570">mendebaldeko eskandinaviar hizkuntzak</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Informazio filologikoa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hizkuntza-tipologia</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjektu_aditza_objektu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjektu aditza objektu (sortu gabe)">subjektu aditza objektua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=V2_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V2 hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">V2 hizkuntza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nominatibo-akusatibo_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nominatibo-akusatibo hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">nominatibo-akusatibo hizkuntza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hizkuntza_azentuala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hizkuntza azentuala (sortu gabe)">hizkuntza azentuala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_malgukari" title="Hizkuntza malgukari">hizkuntza fusionatzailea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjective-noun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjective-noun (sortu gabe)">adjective-noun</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74834637?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> eta <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_sintetiko" title="Hizkuntza sintetiko">hizkuntza sintetikoa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Denbora gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orainaldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orainaldi">orainaldia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lehenaldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lehenaldi (sortu gabe)">lehenaldia</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geroaldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geroaldi (sortu gabe)">geroaldia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Modu gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indikatibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indikatibo (sortu gabe)">indikatiboa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjuntibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjuntibo (sortu gabe)">subjuntiboa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Agintera" title="Agintera">agintera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Genero gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genero_femenino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genero femenino (sortu gabe)">genero femeninoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genero_maskulino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genero maskulino (sortu gabe)">genero maskulinoa</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genero_neutro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genero neutro (sortu gabe)">genero neutroa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kasu gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nominatibo" title="Nominatibo">nominatiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akusatibo" title="Akusatibo">akusatiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Datibo" title="Datibo">datiboa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Genitibo" title="Genitibo">genitiboa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Alfabetoa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">latindar alfabetoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Icelandic_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icelandic alphabet (sortu gabe)">Icelandic alphabet</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372785?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Icelandic_Braille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icelandic Braille (sortu gabe)">Icelandic Braille</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5985754?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Aurrekaria</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Icelandic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Icelandic (sortu gabe)">Old Icelandic</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34909?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Hizkuntza kodeak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>is</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>isl</code> <code>ice</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>isl</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/isl">isl</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/icel1247">icel1247</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Wikipedia</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a class="external text" href="https://is.wikipedia.org">is</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Linguasphere</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=52-AAA-aa">52-AAA-aa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">ASCL</th><td class="infobox-data">1502</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">is</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="215" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Ljóni_speaking_Icelandic.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Lj%C3%B3ni_speaking_Icelandic.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Mintzatzea islandieraz</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Icelandic_Text_Extract.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Icelandic_Text_Extract.jpg/250px-Icelandic_Text_Extract.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Icelandic_Text_Extract.jpg/375px-Icelandic_Text_Extract.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Icelandic_Text_Extract.jpg/500px-Icelandic_Text_Extract.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="1791" /></a><figcaption>Islandiera</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Islandiera</b> (<span lang="is"><i>íslenska</i></span>) <a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandiako</a> <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_ofizial" title="Hizkuntza ofizial">hizkuntza ofiziala</a> da. <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">Hizkuntza germaniko</a> horrek <a href="/wiki/Flexio" title="Flexio">flexibotasun</a> nabaria mantentzen du, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">greziera</a> klasikoa edota antzinako <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesaren</a> antzera. Germaniar hizkuntzen artean, islandierak, <a href="/wiki/Alemaniera" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemaniera">alemanierak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Faroera" title="Faroera">faroerak</a> bakarrik gordetzen dituzte <a href="/wiki/Kasu_(gramatika)" title="Kasu (gramatika)">kasuak</a>. Egun ere, bere antzinako formaren nahiko antzekoa da. </p><p>Historikoki, <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">indoeuropar hizkuntza</a> mendebaldekoena izan zen, baina ez da hala <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portugaldarrak</a> <a href="/wiki/Azoreak" title="Azoreak">Azoreetara</a> bizitzera joan zirenetik. Mendebaldeko <a href="/wiki/Norvegiera" title="Norvegiera">norvegiera</a>k, faroerak eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norn_(hizkuntza)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norn (hizkuntza) (sortu gabe)">nornera</a>k (<a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_hil" title="Hizkuntza hil">hildako hizkuntza</a>) mendebaldeko <a href="/wiki/Eskandinaviar_hizkuntzak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskandinaviar hizkuntzak">eskandinaviar hizkuntzak</a> osatzen zituzten iraganean eta <a href="/wiki/Suediera" title="Suediera">suediera</a>k, <a href="/wiki/Daniera" title="Daniera">daniera</a>k eta ekialdeko norvegierak ekialdeko eskandinaviar hizkuntzak ziren. Bi talde horiek gaur egungo <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegiako</a> hizkuntzan eragin zuten. Egun, haiek guztiek kontinenteko taldea (daniera, suediera eta norvegiera) eta uharteetako taldea (islandiera eta faroera) dute. </p><p>Hiztun gehienak –320 000 pertsona, gutxi gorabehera– Islandian bizi dira; 8000 baino gehiago <a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarkan</a> (haietako 3000 ikasleak dira). 5000 hiztun inguru <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBetan</a> bizi dira eta 1400 baino gehiago, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoban</a> batez ere. Islandiako biztanleriaren % 97k <a href="/wiki/Ama-hizkuntza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama-hizkuntza">ama-hizkuntza</a> du, baina beste herrialdeetan hiztunen kopurua murrizten da. </p><p>Arni Magnussnarraren institutua (<i>Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum</i>) islandiera ikertzeko gune nagusia da. Islandieraren batasunak –unibertsitateak, margolariak eta kultura, hezkuntza eta zientziaren elkartea batzen ditu– gobernuarekin hizkuntz politika adosten du. </p><p>1995etik, urtero islandieraren eguna azaroaren 16an ospatzen da. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sendia">Sendia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sendia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Sendia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandiera <a href="/wiki/Eskandinaviar_hizkuntzak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskandinaviar hizkuntzak">eskandinaviar hizkuntzen</a> kidea da. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzinako_islandiera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antzinako islandiera (sortu gabe)">Antzinako islandiera</a>k mendebaldeko eskandinaviar <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialekto</a> batean oinarria zuen. Gaur egungo islandiera uharteetako eskandinaviar hizkuntzen kidea da (<a href="/wiki/Faroera" title="Faroera">faroerarekin</a> batera); hizkuntza horiek ez zuten izan harremanik beste hizkuntzekin denbora luzez eta, beraz, esan dezakegu beren taldean (germaniar hizkuntzen artean) bakartuak direla. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandieraren historia IX. mendean hasi zen, <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_eskandinaviera" title="Antzinako eskandinaviera">antzinako eskandinavieraz</a> hitz egiten zuten <a href="/wiki/Norvegiar" title="Norvegiar">norvegiarrak</a> Islandiara etortzearekin. Islandierazko testu zaharrenak K. A. 1100ean gutxi-gorabehera idatzi ziren. Testu horiek gehienak <a href="/wiki/Olerkigintza" title="Olerkigintza">olerkiak</a> eta legeak dira, ahozko hizketaren bidez bakarrik gordetzen zirenak lehenago. Horietako ezagunenak <a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">sagak</a> (islandieraz <i>saga</i> hitzak «historia» esan nahi du) eta <a href="/wiki/Edda" title="Edda">eddak</a> dira, <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturlusonek</a> idatzitakoak. </p><p>Sagen hizkuntzari «antzinako islandiera» deritzo; antzinako eskandinavieraren, <a href="/wiki/Bikingo" title="Bikingo">bikingoen</a> hizkuntzaren, aldaera da. Hizkuntza horrek <a href="/wiki/Zelta_hizkuntzak" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelta hizkuntzak">zelta hizkuntzen</a> eragina zuen halaber. </p><p>Islandia Europatik oso urrun dagoela eta, historian zehar islandiera ez zen errotik aldatu eta, beraz, gaur egungoa antzinako eskandinavieraren oso antzekoa da. Hiztunak hizkuntzaren garbitasuna mantentzen ahalegintzen dira, hitz berriak jatorrizko erroetatik sortuz (horri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purismo_(hizkuntzalaritza)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purismo (hizkuntzalaritza) (sortu gabe)">purismo</a> deritzo). </p><p>XIV. mendean itzuli zen islandierara lehenengo zientzietako liburua, <a href="/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika">aritmetikaren</a> ikasgaiak zituena, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinetik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norvegiar_etorkinen_hizkuntza">Norvegiar etorkinen hizkuntza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Norvegiar etorkinen hizkuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Norvegiar etorkinen hizkuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandiako lehenengo biztanle gehienak Norvegiatik iritsi ziren; antzinako eskandinavieraren mendebaldeko dialektoaz hitz egiten zuten. Isolamendua zela eta, beraz, beste hizkuntzen eraginaren eza zela eta, islandieraren garapena erabat burujabea izan zen, baina ez da uste behar etorkin horiek guztiek hizkuntza berberaz hitz egiten zutenik. Gehienak mendebaldeko Norvegiakoak izan arren, batzuk beste eskualdeetakoak ziren, baita beste eskandinaviar lurraldeetakoak ere. Horren ondorioz, norvegiar dialekto askok islandieran eragina izan zuten, baina biztanleen nahasketak –<i>Alþingi</i>an (biztanleen urteko biltzarra) bereziki– dialektoen arteko bestelakotasunak kendu zituen. Islandieraren garapena lehenengo herrixkaren sorrerarekin hasi zen. <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_tonal" title="Hizkuntza tonal">Hizkuntza tonal</a> baten ezaugarri guztiak galdu zituen (ezaugarri horiek gaur egungo <a href="/wiki/Norvegiera" title="Norvegiera">norvegiera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Suediera" title="Suediera">suedieran</a> ikusten dira oraindik ere, hau da, hitz berak esanahi ezberdinak ditu, tonu ezberdinez ahoskatzen bada). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaur_egungo_egoera">Gaur egungo egoera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gaur egungo egoera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Gaur egungo egoera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiztunak">Hiztunak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hiztunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Hiztunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandieraren hiztun gehienak <a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandian</a> bizi dira, 290 000, 2007ko datuen arabera. 8165 hiztun <a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarkan</a> bizi dira eta horietako 3000 ikasleak dira. Hiztun batzuk <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBetan</a> (5655 gizaki 2000an) eta <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadan</a> (2385 gizaki 2001ean, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoban</a> batez ere) bizi dira, baita <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusian</a> (233 hiztun, 2010ean) ere. Islandian izan ezik, hiztunen kopurua murrizten ari da. </p><p>Guztizko hiztun kopurua 306 000 gutxi-gorabehera zen 2007an. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialektoak">Dialektoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Dialektoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Dialektoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandierak <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialekto</a> gutxi ditu. </p><p>Honako hauek dira: </p> <ul><li>hegoaldekoa; dialekto horretan <i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>k</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hasperenketa_(fonetika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasperenketa (fonetika)">hasperenketa</a> dutenak, beste <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germaniar hizkuntzetan</a> bezala), hitz baten hasieran ez daudenean, [b̥, d̥, g̊] (hasperenketa gabekoak) gisa ahoskatzen dira;</li> <li>iparraldekoa; dialekto horretan <i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>k</i> [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] (hasperenketarekin) gisa ahoskatzen dira.</li></ul> <p>Danimarkaren menperatzearen garaian <a href="/wiki/Daniera" title="Daniera">danierak</a> eragin esanguratsua izan zuen islandieran, <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a>eko biztanleen hizketan bereziki, baina XIX. mendearen hasieran, <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Rask" title="Rasmus Rask">Rasmus Christian Rask</a> eta bertako batzuen jarduerari esker, islandiera hizkuntza garbia bihurtzen hasi zen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Euskara-islandiera_pidgina" title="Euskara-islandiera pidgina">Euskara-islandiera pidgina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia">Espainiako</a> arrantzaleekin hitz egiterakoan erabiltzen zena, ere aipatzekoa da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islandiar_alfabetoa">Islandiar alfabetoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Islandiar alfabetoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Islandiar alfabetoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alfabetoa <a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">latindar alfabetoaren</a> aldaera da eta 32 <a href="/wiki/Hizki" title="Hizki">hizki</a> ditu. Zazpi <a href="/wiki/Diakritiko" title="Diakritiko">bokal diakritiko</a> ditu: Á, É, Í, Ó, Ú, Ý, Ö; idazketak hiru hizki berezi, <a href="/wiki/%C3%90" title="Ð">Ð</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C3%90" title="Ð">ð</a> (bokalen arteko euskal <i>d</i> bezala ahoskatzen da), <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">Þ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a> (Espainiako <a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">gaztelania</a> estandarreko <i>z</i> bezala ahoskatua, edo <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesezko</a> <i>think</i> hitzeko <i>th</i> bezala) eta <a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a> —<i>ai</i> ahoskatzen da—, ere baditu. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td>  A / a  </td> <td>  Á / á  </td> <td>  B / b  </td> <td>  D / d  </td> <td>  Ð / ð  </td> <td>  E / e  </td> <td>  É / é  </td> <td>  F / f   </td></tr> <tr> <td>  G / g</td> <td>  H / h</td> <td>  I / i</td> <td>  Í / í</td> <td>  J / j</td> <td>  K / k</td> <td>  L / l</td> <td>  M / m </td></tr> <tr> <td>  N / n</td> <td>  O / o</td> <td>  Ó / ó</td> <td>  P / p</td> <td>  R / r</td> <td>  S / s</td> <td>  T / t</td> <td>  U / u </td></tr> <tr> <td>  Ú / ú</td> <td>  V / v</td> <td>  X / x</td> <td>  Y / y</td> <td>  Ý / ý</td> <td>  Þ / þ</td> <td>  Æ / æ</td> <td>  Ö / ö </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islandieraren_garbizaletasuna">Islandieraren garbizaletasuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Islandieraren garbizaletasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Islandieraren garbizaletasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandiera <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">hizkuntza germaniarrik</a> garbienetakoa da; izan ere, askotan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normandar-germaniar_hizkuntzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normandar-germaniar hizkuntzak (sortu gabe)">normandar-germaniar hizkuntzekin</a> alderatuta (eta alemaniarrekin, orokorrean) oso hitz ezberdinak baititu. Kontzeptu modernoak, <a href="/wiki/Terminologia" title="Terminologia">terminologia</a> <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofikoari</a> zein zientifikoari dagozkienak izendatzeko, hizkuntza askotan jatorri grekoa edo latinoa duten hitzak erabiltzen dira, baina islandieraz, ez. </p><p>Euskararekin ere horrelako joerak nagusi ziren XX. mendearen hasieran. Islandian garbizaletasuna XVII. mendean sortu zen, <a href="/wiki/Daniera" title="Daniera">danieraren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman">alemanaren</a> eraginaren aurka; XVIII. mendearen amaieran doktrina izan zen, eta Rasmus Rask <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzalaritza" title="Hizkuntzalaritza">hizkuntzalariarekin</a> bultzada hartu zuen XIX. mendearen lehen erdian.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oso garrantzitsua izan zen XIX. eta XX. mendeetan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hitzak alderatzeko: </p> <table width="95%" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="20%" bgcolor="#FFDEAD">Euskara </th> <th width="20%" bgcolor="#FFDEAD">Alemana </th> <th width="20%" bgcolor="#FFDEAD">Islandiera </th> <th width="60%" bgcolor="#FFDEAD">Hitzaren esanahia </th></tr> <tr> <td>hies </td> <td><i>Aids</i> </td> <td><i>alnæmi</i> </td> <td><i>sentiberatasunoso</i> (<i>al</i> = oso, <i>næmi</i> = sentiberatasun) </td></tr> <tr> <td>barometro </td> <td><i>Barometer</i> </td> <td><i>loftvog</i> </td> <td><i>aireorratz</i> (<i>loft</i> = aire, <i>vog</i> = orratz, balantza edo pisu) </td></tr> <tr> <td>bateria </td> <td><i>Batterie</i> </td> <td><i>rafgeymir</i> </td> <td><i>indarrontzi</i> (<i>raf</i> = indar, <i>geymir</i> = ontzi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>liburutegia; biblioteka (publikoa; etxekoa) </td> <td><i>Bibliothek</i> </td> <td><i>bókasafn</i> </td> <td><i>Liburubilduma</i> (<i>bók</i> = liburu, <i>safn</i> = bilduma) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hala eta guztiz ere, ahozkoan bereziki, beste hizkuntzetatik hartutako hitz batzuk daude, adibidez, <i>klukka</i> («erloju», <a href="/wiki/Zelta_hizkuntzak" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelta hizkuntzak">zelta jatorriko</a> hitza). Islandieraren aldaera erabat garbia dago halaber, «islandiera garaia» izenekoa eta hitz jatorrak bakarrik dituena, baina hedapenik gabekoa eta interneten bakarrik erabiltzen dena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hizkuntzaren_egitura_eta_ezaugarriak">Hizkuntzaren egitura eta ezaugarriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hizkuntzaren egitura eta ezaugarriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Hizkuntzaren egitura eta ezaugarriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonetika">Fonetika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Fonetika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Fonetika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandierak «<a href="/wiki/Silaba" title="Silaba">silaben</a> oreka» du <a href="/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika">fonetikan</a>, norvegierak, faroerak eta suedierak bezala; hau da, <a href="/wiki/Azentu" title="Azentu">azentua</a> dagoen silaban <a href="/wiki/Bokal" title="Bokal">bokal</a> bat <a href="/wiki/Kontsonante" title="Kontsonante">kontsonante</a> <a href="/wiki/Geminazio_(hizkuntzalaritza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminazio (hizkuntzalaritza)">luze baten</a> edo kontsonante multzo baten aurretik labur bihurtzen da; bestela, bokal bat luze bihurtzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bokalak">Bokalak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bokalak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bokalak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandierak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoptongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monoptongo (sortu gabe)">monoptongoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Diptongo" title="Diptongo">diptongoak</a> ditu; bokalak laburrak edo luzeak izan daitezke. </p><p>Monoptongoak: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Aurrekoak </th> <th>Erdikoak </th> <th>Atzekoak </th></tr> <tr> <td>Goikoak (estuak) </td> <td>i: i (í ý) </td> <td> </td> <td>u: u (ú) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goikoak (zabalak) </td> <td>ɪ: ɪ (i y) </td> <td>ʉ: ʉ (u) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Erdikoak </td> <td>ε: ε (e) œ: œ (ö) </td> <td> </td> <td>ɔ: ɔ (o) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Behekoak </td> <td> </td> <td>a: a (a) </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Islandierazko diptongoak honako hauek dira: <i>æ</i> [ai] [a: i], <i>au</i> [œy] [œ:y], <i>á</i> [au] [a: u], <i>ei</i>, <i>ey</i> [εi] [ε:i], <i>ó</i> [ou] [o: u]. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kontsonanteak">Kontsonanteak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontsonanteak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kontsonanteak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Islandierazko kontsonanteak </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Ezpainkariak </th> <th colspan="2">Aurremihikariak </th> <th colspan="2">Palatalak </th> <th colspan="2">Aho-gingilezkoak </th> <th>Eztarrikoak </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Sudurkariak </th> <td>(m̥) </td> <td>m </td> <td>(n̥) </td> <td>n </td> <td>(ɲ̊) </td> <td>(ɲ) </td> <td>(ŋ̊) </td> <td>(ŋ) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Leherkariak </th> <td>pʰ </td> <td>p </td> <td>tʰ </td> <td>t </td> <td>(cʰ) </td> <td>(c) </td> <td>kʰ </td> <td>k </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Igurzkariak </th> <th>Txistukariak </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>s </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Eztxistukariak </th> <td>f </td> <td>v </td> <td>θ </td> <td>(ð) </td> <td>(ç) </td> <td>j </td> <td>(x) </td> <td>(ɣ) </td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Albokariak </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>(l̥) </td> <td>l </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Dardarkariak </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>(r̥) </td> <td>r </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Islandierazko <i>p</i>, <i>t</i> eta <i>k</i> hasperenketarekin ahoskatzen dira –[pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]– beste <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germaniar hizkuntzetan</a> bezala; <i>b</i>, <i>d</i> eta <i>g</i> letrek hots berberak, baina hasperenketa gabekoak adierazten dituzte. <i>kk</i>, <i>pp</i> eta <i>tt</i> hasperenketa dute beren aurretik <i>–</i>[<i>ʰk:</i>, <i>ʰp:</i>, <i>ʰt:</i>]<i>–</i> eta luzeak dira. Islandierak kontsonante ozenak, baina ahoskabeak –[r̥, l̥, n̥, ɲ̊, ŋ̊]– ere baditu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Azentua">Azentua</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Azentua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Azentua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Azentua beti lehen silaban joaten da, baita maileguetan ere (<i>prófessor</i> [`pro: ufεsɔr]), azentu gabeko <a href="/wiki/Aurrizki" title="Aurrizki">aurrizkiak</a> dituzten hitz bakan batzuetan izan ezik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morfologia">Morfologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Morfologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Morfologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Flexio" title="Flexio">Flexibotasun</a> nabaria du egun ere, beste <a href="/wiki/Eskandinaviar_hizkuntzak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskandinaviar hizkuntzak">eskandinaviar hizkuntzek</a> (faroera izan ezik) ez bezala. Morfologia <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_eskandinaviera" title="Antzinako eskandinaviera">antzinako eskandinavieraren</a> morfologiaren antzekoa da. Bukaeran atal oso bat dago artikulu honetan, morfologia luze azaltzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Izenak">Izenak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Izenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alemaniera" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemaniera">Aleman</a>ez bezala, hiru genero (maskulinoa, femeninoa eta neutroa) eta lau <a href="/wiki/Kasu_(gramatika)" title="Kasu (gramatika)">kasu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nominatibo" title="Nominatibo">nominatiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitibo" title="Genitibo">genitiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Datibo" title="Datibo">datiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akusatibo" title="Akusatibo">akusatiboa</a>) daude, baita <a href="/wiki/Artikulu_(gramatika)" title="Artikulu (gramatika)">artikulua</a> eta bi <a href="/wiki/Numero_(gramatika)" title="Numero (gramatika)">numero</a> (singularra eta plurala) ere. </p><p>Artikulu zehaztua (euskaraz, «-a»z adierazlea duena, hots, "seme<b>a</b>") bakarrik du, beti hitzei eransten zaiena; izenek bezala, artikuluak hiru genero ditu eta izenaren kasuaren arabera aldatzen da: <i>armur<b>inn</b></i> = <i>armur</i> «esku» + <i>inn</i> («-a») < <i>armur hinn</i> («esku hori»); <i>kinnar<b>innar</b></i> = <i>kinnar</i> («masaila») + <i>innar</i> («-a») < <i>kinnar hinnar</i> («masaila horren»). Artikulu zehaztua, hitzei ez atxikitakoa –<i>hinn</i>–, gaur egun idatzizko hizketan erabiltzen da bakarrik: <i><b>hinn</b> gamli maður</i> («gizon zaharra» —«gizon zahar hori»—) = <i>gamli maður<b>inn</b></i>. </p><p>Plurala erroko bokalak aldatuz zein <a href="/wiki/Atzizki" title="Atzizki">atzizkien</a> bidez adierazten da: <i>hest<b>u</b>r</i> «zaldi» — <i>hest<b>a</b>r</i> «zaldiak», <i>tré</i> «zuhaitz» — <i>tr<b>ær</b></i> «zuhaitzak» etab. </p><p>Abidide baten bidez (<i>hest<b>u</b>r</i> «zaldi»), taula honek izen maskulinoen deklinabidea erakusten du kasua, pluraltasuna eta artikulu zehaztuaren arabera. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30">M1 </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th> <th width="30"> </th> <th width="80">Artikuluarekin (zehaztu singularra) </th> <th width="80">Artikuluarekin (zehaztu plurala) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboan</b> </td> <td>hest<i>ur</i> </td> <td>hest<i>ar</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hest<i>ur</i><b>inn</b> </td> <td>hest<i>ar</i><b>nir</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboan</b> </td> <td>hest </td> <td>hest<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hest<b>inn</b> </td> <td>hest<i>a</i><b>na</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboan</b> </td> <td>hest<i>i</i> </td> <td>hest<i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hest<i>i</i><b>num</b> </td> <td>hest<i>u</i><b>num</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboan</b> </td> <td>hest<i>s</i> </td> <td>hest<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hest<i>s</i><b>ins</b> </td> <td>hest<i>a</i><b>nna</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aditzak">Aditzak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aditzak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Aditzak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandierazko <a href="/wiki/Aditz" title="Aditz">aditzek</a> <a href="/wiki/Denbora_(gramatika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denbora (gramatika)">denborak</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modu_(gramatika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modu (gramatika) (sortu gabe)">moduak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konjugazio_(hizkuntzalaritza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Konjugazio (hizkuntzalaritza)">konjugazioa</a> eta bozak dituzte. Ingelesak eta alemanak bezala, aditz «indartsuak» eta aditz «indargabeak» ditu. «Indargabeak» arauaren arabera aldatzen dira lehenaldian eta aditz «indartsu» bakoitza, berriz, era berezi batean aldatzen da lehenaldian: </p> <ul><li><i>taka</i> «hartu» (indartsua) — <i>ég tók</i> «hartu nuen»,</li> <li><i>drekka</i> «edan» (indartsua) — <i>ég drakk</i> «edan nuen»,</li> <li><i>nota</i> «erabili» (indargabea) — <i>ég nota<b>ði</b></i> «erabili nuen»,</li> <li><i>tala</i> «hitz egin» (indargabea) — <i>ég tala<b>ði</b></i> «hitz egin nuen».</li></ul> <p>Orainaldia eta lehenaldia bakarrik flexioaren bidez osatzen dira; beste denborak aditz osagarrien bidez osatzen dira: adibidez, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perfektu_(hizkuntzalaritza)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perfektu (hizkuntzalaritza) (sortu gabe)">perfektua</a> <i>hafa</i> «eduki (aditza)» aditzaren bidez osatzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hitz_eta_esaldi_banaka_batzuk">Hitz eta esaldi banaka batzuk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hitz eta esaldi banaka batzuk»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Hitz eta esaldi banaka batzuk"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>islandiar: <i>íslenskur</i> / <i>íslensk</i></li> <li>islandiera: <i>íslenska</i></li> <li>Kaixo: <i>Halló</i> / <i>Hæ</i></li> <li>Egun on: <i>Góðan daginn</i></li> <li>Arratsalde on: <i>Góðan daginn</i></li> <li>Gabon: G<i>ott kvöld</i> / <i>Góða nótt</i></li> <li>Agur: <i>Bless, bæ</i></li> <li>Eskerrik asko: <i>Takk fyrir</i></li> <li>Maite zaitut: <i>Ég elska þig</i></li> <li>Zenbat?: <i>Hve mikið?</i></li> <li>bai: <i>já</i></li> <li>ez: <i>nei</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antzeko_hitzak_ingelesarekin_(kognatuak)"><span id="Antzeko_hitzak_ingelesarekin_.28kognatuak.29"></span>Antzeko hitzak ingelesarekin (kognatuak)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antzeko hitzak ingelesarekin (kognatuak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Antzeko hitzak ingelesarekin (kognatuak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandierak eta <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesak</a> hizkuntza arbasoak partekatzen dituztenez, eta biak <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germaniar hizkuntzak</a> izanik, bi-bietan oso antzeko hitz ezagun batzuk daude; esanahi bera edo antzekoa dute eta erro komun batetik datoz. Posesiboa sarritan -<i>s</i> atzizkiaz adierazten da, ingelesez bezala. Hizkuntza bakoitzak izan dituen aldaketa fonologikoak eta ortografikoak ezberdinak dira: horregatik, ortografia eta ahoskera ezberdinak azaltzen dira, baina kasu askotan antzekoak dira oraindik. Hona adibide batzuk. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Euskarazko hitza (eu) </th> <th>Ingelesezko hitza (en) </th> <th>Islandierazko hitza (is) </th> <th>Entzun biak (en - is) </th></tr> <tr> <td>sagar </td> <td><i>apple</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">epli</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c5\/En-Apple_and_Is-epli.oga\/En-Apple_and_Is-epli.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"En-Apple and Is-epli.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/En-Apple_and_Is-epli.oga/En-Apple_and_Is-epli.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:En-Apple_and_Is-epli.oga" title="Fitxategi:En-Apple and Is-epli.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>liburu </td> <td><i>book</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">bók</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c7\/Book-B%C3%B3k.ogg\/Book-B%C3%B3k.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"Book-B\u00f3k.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Book-B%C3%B3k.ogg/Book-B%C3%B3k.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Book-B%C3%B3k.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Book-Bók.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>altu </td> <td><i>high/hair</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">hár</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/55\/En-high_and_Is-h%C3%A1r.oga\/En-high_and_Is-h%C3%A1r.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"En-high and Is-h\u00e1r.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-high_and_Is-h%C3%A1r.oga/En-high_and_Is-h%C3%A1r.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:En-high_and_Is-h%C3%A1r.oga" title="Fitxategi:En-high and Is-hár.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>etxe </td> <td><i>house</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">hús</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/78\/House-H%C3%BAs.ogg\/House-H%C3%BAs.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"House-H\u00fas.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/House-H%C3%BAs.ogg/House-H%C3%BAs.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:House-H%C3%BAs.ogg" title="Fitxategi:House-Hús.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ama </td> <td><i>mother</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">móðir</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7b\/Mother-M%C3%B3%C3%B0ir.ogg\/Mother-M%C3%B3%C3%B0ir.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"Mother-M\u00f3\u00f0ir.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/Mother-M%C3%B3%C3%B0ir.ogg/Mother-M%C3%B3%C3%B0ir.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Mother-M%C3%B3%C3%B0ir.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Mother-Móðir.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>gau </td> <td><i>night</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">nótt/nátt</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1c\/Night-N%C3%B3tt.ogg\/Night-N%C3%B3tt.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"Night-N\u00f3tt.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/Night-N%C3%B3tt.ogg/Night-N%C3%B3tt.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Night-N%C3%B3tt.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Night-Nótt.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>harri </td> <td><i>stone</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">steinn</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fd\/Stone-Steinn.ogg\/Stone-Steinn.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"Stone-Steinn.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/Stone-Steinn.ogg/Stone-Steinn.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Stone-Steinn.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Stone-Steinn.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hori </td> <td><i>that</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">það</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-8" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/14\/That-%C3%9Ea%C3%B0.ogg\/That-%C3%9Ea%C3%B0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"That-\u00dea\u00f0.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/That-%C3%9Ea%C3%B0.ogg/That-%C3%9Ea%C3%B0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:That-%C3%9Ea%C3%B0.ogg" title="Fitxategi:That-Það.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hitz </td> <td><i>word</i> </td> <td><i><span lang="is">orð</span></i> </td> <td><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-9" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d4\/Word-Or%C3%B0.ogg\/Word-Or%C3%B0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Entzun"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"eu","wikibase":"","file":"Word-Or\u00f0.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Word-Or%C3%B0.ogg/Word-Or%C3%B0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Entzun</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Word-Or%C3%B0.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Word-Orð.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologia_2">Morfologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Morfologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Morfologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Number_of_grammatical_cases_hic01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Number_of_grammatical_cases_hic01.png/200px-Number_of_grammatical_cases_hic01.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Number_of_grammatical_cases_hic01.png/300px-Number_of_grammatical_cases_hic01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Number_of_grammatical_cases_hic01.png/400px-Number_of_grammatical_cases_hic01.png 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="2217" /></a><figcaption>Kasuen kopurua europar hizkuntzetan. Grisez, deklinaziorik gabeak.</figcaption></figure> <p>Islandierak hitz-forma ugari ditu sortzen ditu; <a href="/wiki/Izenordain" title="Izenordain">Izenordain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substantibo" title="Substantibo">izen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aditz" title="Aditz">aditz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjektibo" title="Adjektibo">izenondo</a> eta numeralen kategorietako hitzekin batez ere. Jarraian, kategoria garrantzitsu horien flexio-adibideak aurkeztuko dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertsona-izenordainak">Pertsona-izenordainak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Pertsona-izenordainak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Pertsona-izenordainak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandieraz, ingelesez bezala, pertsona-izenordainak lau kasuren bidez flexionatzen dira. Hirugarren pertsonan, hiru genero bereizten dira, genero neutroko izenordain bat ere baitago. Hoona hailen flexioaren ikuspegi orokorra da hau: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="60">Singularra </th> <th width="80">1. pertsona </th> <th width="80">2. pertsona </th> <th width="80">3. pertsona (maskulinoa) </th> <th width="80">3. pertsona (femeninoa </th> <th width="80">3. pertsona(k) </th> <th width="80">3. pertsona (genero neutroa) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>ég <i>(ni, nik)</i> </td> <td>þú <i>(hi, hik)</i> </td> <td>hann <i>(hura, hark)</i> </td> <td>hún <i>(hura, hark)</i> </td> <td>það <i>(hura, hark)</i> </td> <td>hán </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>mig <i>(ni)</i> </td> <td>þig <i>(hi)</i> </td> <td>hann <i>(hura)</i> </td> <td>hana <i>(hura)</i> </td> <td>það <i>(hura)</i> </td> <td>hán </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>mér <i>(niri)</i> </td> <td>þér <i>(hiri)</i> </td> <td>honum <i>(hari)</i> </td> <td>henni <i>(hari)</i> </td> <td>því <i>(hari)</i> </td> <td>háni </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>mín <i>(nire)</i> </td> <td>þín <i>(hire)</i> </td> <td>hans <i>(haren)</i> </td> <td>hennar <i>(haren)</i> </td> <td>þess <i>(haren)</i> </td> <td>háns </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Alemanez ez bezala, pluralezko hirugarren pertsonan ere genero bereizketa dago,. <i>þau</i> forma neutroa pertsona talde mistoetarako erabiltzen da eta, beraz, ohikoena da; forma maskulinoak eta femeninoak sexu bereko taldeei bakarrik egokitzen zaizkie. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="60">Plurala </th> <th width="80">1. pertsona </th> <th width="80">2. pertsona </th> <th width="80">3. pertsona <p>(maskulinoa) </p> </th> <th width="80">3. pertsona (femeninoa) </th> <th width="80">3. pertsona </th> <th width="80">3. pertsona (genero neutroa) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>við <i>(gu, guk)</i> </td> <td>þið <i>(zuek)</i> </td> <td>þeir <i>(haiek)</i> </td> <td>þær </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">þau </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>okkur <i>(gu)</i> </td> <td>ykkur <i>(zuek)</i> </td> <td>þá <i>(haiek)</i> </td> <td>þær </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">þau </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>okkur <i>(guri)</i> </td> <td>ykkur <i>(zuei)</i> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center">þeim <i>(haiei)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>okkar <i>(gure)</i> </td> <td>ykkar <i>(zuen)</i> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center">þeirra <i>(haiei)</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Inori hitz egitean, islandieraz <i>þú</i> ("hi") izenordaina beti erabiltzen da, beraz —eskandinaviar hizkuntzetan egun ohikoa den bezala— beti izen-abizenekin. Herrialdeko presidenteari edo apezpikuari soilik hitz egiten zaie <i>þér</i> izenordain zaharkitu adeitsuaz (genitiboa: <i>yðar</i>, datiboa eta akusatiboa: <i>yður</i> ). Gainera, poemetan edo ereserki nazionalean, <i>vér</i> "gu" forma ere badago oraindik (genitiboa: <i>vor</i>, datiboa eta akusatiboa: <i>oss</i> ) <i>við</i> -ren ordez (forma zaharrean "biak" esanahia zuena oraindik). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="izenordain_bihurkariak">izenordain bihurkariak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «izenordain bihurkariak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: izenordain bihurkariak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alemanak ez bezala, islandierak kasu-forma desberdinak bereizten ditu izenordain erreflexiboetarako. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100"> <tbody><tr> <th>kasua </th> <th>Erreflexiboa </th></tr> <tr> <th>Akusatiboa </th> <td>sig </td></tr> <tr> <th>Datiboa </th> <td>sér </td></tr> <tr> <th>Genitiboa </th> <td>sín </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Alemanez ez dagoen islandiar bihurkariaren beste berezitasun bat izenordain horren erabilera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logoforia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logoforia (sortu gabe)">logoforikoa</a> da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izenordain_eta_adberbio_galdetzaileak">Izenordain eta adberbio galdetzaileak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izenordain eta adberbio galdetzaileak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Izenordain eta adberbio galdetzaileak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Galdera-izenordainak hiru generoen arabera bereizten dira: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="4">Singularra </th> <th colspan="3">Plurala </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>maskulinoa </th> <th>femeninoa </th> <th colspan="2">neutroa </th> <th>maskulinoa </th> <th>femeninoa </th> <th>neutroa </th></tr> <tr> <th width="50"> </th> <th width="80">Nor(k)? </th> <th width="80">Nor(k)? </th> <th width="80">Nor(k)? Zer(k)? </th> <th width="80">Nor(k)? Zer(k)? </th> <th>Nortzu(e)k? </th> <th>Nortzu(e)k? </th> <th>Nortzu(e)k? Zertzu(e)k? </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>hver </td> <td>hver </td> <td>hvert </td> <td>hvað </td> <td>hverjir </td> <td>hverjar </td> <td>hver </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>hvern </td> <td>hverja </td> <td>hvert </td> <td>hvað </td> <td>hverja </td> <td>hverjar </td> <td>hver </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>hverjum </td> <td>hverri </td> <td>hverju </td> <td>hverju </td> <td colspan="3" align="center">hverjum </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>hvers </td> <td>hverrar </td> <td>hvers </td> <td>hvers </td> <td colspan="3" align="center">hverra </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Beste adberbio garrantzitsu batzuk hauek dira: <i>hvar</i> "non", <i>hvenær</i> "noiz", <i>hve</i> "nola", <i>hvernig</i> "nola, nolatan", <i>af hverju</i> "zergatik", hvert "nora", <i>hvaðan</i> "nondik". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zenbakiak">Zenbakiak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zenbakiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Zenbakiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1etik 4ra arteko zenbakiak islandieraz flexionatuta agertzen dira eta generoarekin eta kasurako dagokion izenarekin bat etorri behar dute: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50"> </th> <th colspan="3" width="80">"bat" </th> <th colspan="3" width="80">"bi" </th> <th colspan="3" width="80">"hiru" </th> <th colspan="3" width="80">"lau" </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th width="80">maskulinoa </th> <th width="80">femeninoa </th> <th width="80">neutroa </th> <th width="80">maskulinoa </th> <th width="80">femeninoa </th> <th width="80">neutroa </th> <th width="80">maskulinoa </th> <th width="80">femeninoa </th> <th width="80">neutroa </th> <th width="80">maskulinoa </th> <th width="80">femeninoa </th> <th width="80">neutroa </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td><i>einn</i> </td> <td><i>ein</i> </td> <td><i>eitt</i> </td> <td><i>tveir</i> </td> <td><i>tvær</i> </td> <td><i>tvö</i> </td> <td><i>þrír</i> </td> <td><i>þrjár</i> </td> <td><i>þrjú</i> </td> <td><i>fjórir</i> </td> <td><i>fjórar</i> </td> <td><i>fjögur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td><i>einn</i> </td> <td><i>eina</i> </td> <td><i>eitt</i> </td> <td><i>tvo</i> </td> <td><i>tvær</i> </td> <td><i>tvö</i> </td> <td><i>þrjá</i> </td> <td><i>þrjár</i> </td> <td><i>þrjú</i> </td> <td><i>fjóra</i> </td> <td><i>fjórar</i> </td> <td><i>fjögur</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td><i>einum</i> </td> <td><i>einni</i> </td> <td><i>einu</i> </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>tveim(ur)</i> </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>þrem(ur)</i> </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>fjórum</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td><i>eins</i> </td> <td><i>einnar</i> </td> <td><i>eins</i> </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>tveggja</i> </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>þriggja</i> </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>fjög(ur)ra</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Zenbatzerakoan eta, islandiarrek normalean zenbakien forma maskulinoak erabiltzen dituzte. Hala ere, etxe zenbakiak forma neutroan ematen dira. </p><p>Zenbaki batzuen ikuspegi orokorra: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" width="80">5etik 12ra </th> <th colspan="2" width="100">13tik 20ra </th> <th colspan="2" width="120">30etik 100era </th> <th colspan="2" width="140">200+ </th></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><i>fimm</i> </td> <td>13 </td> <td><i>þrettán</i> </td> <td>30 </td> <td><i>þrjátíu</i> </td> <td>200 </td> <td><i>tvö hundruð</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><i>sex</i> </td> <td>14 </td> <td><i>fjórtán</i> </td> <td>40 </td> <td><i>fjörutíu</i> </td> <td>300 </td> <td><i>þrjú hundruð</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><i>sjö</i> </td> <td>15 </td> <td><i>fimmtán</i> </td> <td>50 </td> <td><i>fimmtíu</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><i>átta</i> </td> <td>16 </td> <td><i>sextán</i> </td> <td>60 </td> <td><i>sextíu</i> </td> <td>1000 </td> <td><i>(eitt/ein) þúsund</i> (n/f) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><i>níu</i> </td> <td>17 </td> <td><i>sautján</i> </td> <td>70 </td> <td><i>sjötíu</i> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td rowspan="2"><i>tvö þúsund</i> (n)/ <p><i>tvær þúsundir</i> (f) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><i>tíu</i> </td> <td>18 </td> <td><i>átján</i> </td> <td>80 </td> <td><i>áttatíu</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><i>ellefu</i> </td> <td>19 </td> <td><i>nítján</i> </td> <td>90 </td> <td><i>níutíu</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>etab. </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><i>tólf</i> </td> <td>20 </td> <td><i>tuttugu</i> </td> <td>100 </td> <td><i>(eitt) hundrað</i> (n) </td> <td>1000000 </td> <td><i>(ein) milljón</i> (f) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Zenbakien ikuspegi sakona wiki hiztegian aurki daiteke ( <a class="external text" href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/is:Viðauki:Íslensk%20töluorð">islandiera</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Verzeichnis:Isländisch/Zahlen">alemana</a> ). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izen_arruntak">Izen arruntak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izen arruntak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Izen arruntak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alemana bezala, islandierazko izenak hiru <a href="/wiki/Genero_gramatikal" title="Genero gramatikal">generotan</a> banatzen dira, hau da, maskulinoa, femeninoa eta neutroa, baina hiru genero horiek pluralean ere bereizten dira. Hitz bakoitza bere generoaren arabera flexionatzen da; generoen barnean flexio-klase desberdinak ere daude. </p><p>Izenaren paradigmaren barruan lau <a href="/wiki/Kasu_(gramatika)" title="Kasu (gramatika)">kasu</a> daude: <a href="/wiki/Nominatibo" title="Nominatibo">nominatibo</a>a, <a href="/wiki/Genitibo" title="Genitibo">genitibo</a>a, <a href="/wiki/Datibo" title="Datibo">datibo</a>a eta <a href="/wiki/Akusatibo" title="Akusatibo">akusatibo</a>a; hitzaren zutoinari flexio amaiera bat gehituz eratzen dira. Pluralean, datibo <i>(-um)</i> (ia beti) eta genitibo <i>(-a)</i> (salbuespenik gabe) flexio-amaiera uniformeak daude, zein generotakoak diren kontuan hartu gabe. </p><p><i>Hestur</i> "zaldi" hitzak M1 (maskulinoa, 1. eredua) flexio-klase sendoko izen maskulino baten adibide gisa balio du: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30">M1 </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th> <th width="30"> </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>hest<i>ur</i> </td> <td>hest<i>ar</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hest<i>ur</i><b>inn</b> </td> <td>hest<i>ar</i><b>nir</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>hest </td> <td>hest<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hest<b>inn</b> </td> <td>hest<i>a</i><b>na</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>hest<i>i</i> </td> <td>hest<i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hest<i>i</i><b>num</b> </td> <td>hest<i>u</i><b>num</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>hest<i>s</i> </td> <td>hest<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hest<i>s</i><b>ins</b> </td> <td>hest<i>a</i><b>nna</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Taularen ezkerraldeko erdian, hitza artikulurik gabe azaltzen da, eta eskuinaldeko erdian, berriz, <a href="/wiki/Artikulu_(gramatika)" title="Artikulu (gramatika)">artikulu</a> determinatu batekin agertzen da. Islandieraz ez dago artikulu mugagaberik. </p><p>Era berean, <i>dalur</i> "harana" flexionatzen du M2 (maskulinoa, 2. eredua) taularen arabera, i klasea deritzona: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30">M2 </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th> <th width="30"> </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>dal<i>ur</i> </td> <td>dal<i>ir</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>dal<i>ur</i><b>inn</b> </td> <td>dal<i>ir</i><b>nir</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>dal </td> <td>dal<i>i</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>dal<b>inn</b> </td> <td>dal<i>i</i><b>na</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>dal </td> <td>döl<i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>dal<b>num</b> </td> <td>döl<i>u</i><b>num</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>dal<i>s</i> </td> <td>dal<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>dal<i>s</i><b>ins</b> </td> <td>dal<i>a</i><b>nna</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Deklinabide_(gramatika)" title="Deklinabide (gramatika)">Deklinabide</a> femenino indartsuaren adibide bat <i>borg</i> "hiria" da: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30">F1 </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th> <th width="30"> </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>borg </td> <td>borg<i>ir</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>borg<b>in</b> </td> <td>borg<i>ir</i><b>nar</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>borg </td> <td>borg<i>ir</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>borg<b>ina</b> </td> <td>borg<i>ir</i><b>nar</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>borg </td> <td>borg<i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>borg<b>inni</b> </td> <td>borg<i>u</i><b>num</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>borg<i>ar</i> </td> <td>borg<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>borg<i>ar</i><b>innar</b> </td> <td>borg<i>a</i><b>nna</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Deklinabide gehienei erregulartasun hauek aplikatzen zaizkie: </p> <ul><li>maskulino baten akusatibo singularra bere enborrari dagokio,</li> <li>indoeuropar hizkuntza guztietan bezala, nominatibo eta akusatibo singularrak berak dira, hitz klase guztien neutrorako,</li> <li>nominatibo eta akusatibo pluralak berak dira femeninoan eta neutroan, baina ez maskulinoan,</li> <li>datibo plurala beti <i>-um</i> atzizkiaz amaitzen da; artikulu determinatuarekin, amaiera horrek <i>-unum</i> atzizkiarekin bat egiten du, baina salbuespenak daude, bokala "zabala" denean: <i>kýr</i> ("behi") <i>kúm</i> datibo pluralean, <i>á</i> ("ibai") <i>ám</i> datibo pluralean edo <i>kló</i> ("atzapar") <i>klóm</i> datibo pluralaern,.</li> <li>genitiboa plurala <i>-a</i> atzizkiaz amaitzen da beti, mugatuarena <i>-annaz,</i></li> <li>artikuluaren flexioa beti bera da genero baten barruan (<i>i</i> -txertaketak izan ezik, kontsonante gehiegi elkartuko bailirateke).</li></ul> <p>Neutro klase indartsuaren beste adibide bat <i>borð</i> "taula" da: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30">N1 </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th> <th width="30"> </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>borð </td> <td>borð </td> <td> </td> <td>borð<b>ið</b> </td> <td>borð<b>in</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>borð </td> <td>borð </td> <td> </td> <td>borð<b>ið</b> </td> <td>borð<b>in</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>borð<i>i</i> </td> <td>borð<i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>borð<i>i</i><b>nu</b> </td> <td>borð<i>u</i><b>num</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>borð<i>s</i> </td> <td>borð<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>borð<i>s</i><b>ins</b> </td> <td>borð<i>a</i><b>nna</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Antzekotasunak daude maskulino indartsuaren eta neutroaren flexioan: </p> <ul><li>genitiborako amaiera eta datiboa singularra <i>-s</i> edo <i>-i</i> da hurrenez hurren; dena den, izen maskulinoek <i>-ar</i> amaiera genitiboa izan dezakete, eta ezin da <i>-i</i> atzizkiarekin kalkulatu maskulinoarekin datibo kasuan ere,</li> <li>bai singularrean bai pluralean, neutro baten nominatibo eta akusatiboa berak dira, indoeuropar hizkuntza guztietan bezala.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="u-umlauta">u-umlauta</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «u-umlauta»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: u-umlauta"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandieraz, u-<a href="/wiki/Umlaut" title="Umlaut">umlaut</a> agertzen da izenen flexioan. Horrek <i>-a-</i> bokala duten izenei eragiten die generoa edozein dela ere; ama-bokala <i>-ö-</i>bokalera egiten da silaba azentugabean <i>-u-</i> atzetik bada (hau da, kasu amaieran); Hala ere, <i>-u-</i> hori islandiar hizkuntzaren historian zehar desagertu izana, honako arau hau gogoratu behar da: </p><p><i>a > ö</i> umlauta gertatzen da </p> <ul><li>femenino indartsuaren singular osoan genitiboan izan ezik</li> <li>neutroaren nominatibo eta akusatibo pluralean</li> <li>genero guztietan datibo pluralaan</li></ul> <p>Aurretik erakutsitako F1 klaseko femenino indartsu baten adibideak, <i>vör</i> "Lippe", eta N1 klaseko neutro indartsu baten adibideek, <i>lur</i> "Land" itxura dute (lodiz nabarmentzen dira umlautak): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30"> </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th> <th width="30"> </th> <th width="80">Singularra </th> <th width="80">Plurala </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>v<b>ö</b>r </td> <td>var<i>ir</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>land </td> <td>l<b>ö</b>nd </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>v<b>ö</b>r </td> <td>var<i>ir</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>land </td> <td>l<b>ö</b>nd </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>v<b>ö</b>r </td> <td>v<b>ö</b>r<i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>land<b>i</b> </td> <td>l<b>ö</b>nd<i>um</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>var<i>ar</i> </td> <td>var<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>land<i>s</i> </td> <td>land<i>a</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>U-umlauta femenino nominatibo singularrean gertatzen denez eta forma horrek hiztegian ere lema osatzen duenez, hori bereziki garrantzitsua da flexioan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aditzak_2">Aditzak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aditzak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Aditzak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alemanez bezala, islandierazko aditz-sistema aditz talde sendoan eta aditz talde ahulean banatzen da. Hala ere, badaude bi taldeen artean oszilatzen duten aditz batzuk. Aditz ahulen barruan lau talde daude: handiena W4 da. Adibide gisa <i>hjálparen</i> "lagundu"-ren paradigma jartzen da: haren subjektu bokala <i>-a-</i> da, eta ondoko amaierak <i>letra etzanez</i> agertzen dira: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="20">W4 </th> <th width="80">Singularrezko orainaldia </th> <th width="80">Pluralezko orainladia </th> <th width="20"> </th> <th width="80">Singularrezko lehenaldia </th> <th width="80">Pluralezko lehenaldia </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1)</b> </td> <td>ég hjálp<b>a</b> </td> <td>við hjálp<i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>ég hjálp<b>að</b><i>i</i> </td> <td>við hjálp<b>uð</b><i>um</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2)</b> </td> <td>þú hjálp<b>a</b><i>r</i> </td> <td>þið hjálp<i>ið</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>þú hjálp<b>að</b><i>ir</i> </td> <td>þið hjálp<b>uð</b><i>uð</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3)</b> </td> <td>hann hjálp<b>a</b><i>r</i> </td> <td>þeir hjálp<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hann hjálp<b>að</b><i>i</i> </td> <td>þeir hjálp<b>uð</b><i>u</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Bide batez, <i>hjálpa</i> (islandiera zaharrean: <i>hjalpa</i> ) jatorriz alemanez bezala aditz sendoa zen. Horren aztarna bat adjektiboan dago (jatorriz iraganean) <i>hólpinn</i>, "salbatu". </p><p>Aditz tauletan ezkerraldeko zutabeetan orainaldiko forma adierazgarriak azaltzen dira, eskuinaldeko erdian iraganekoak, zeina W4 klaseko aditzekin eratuta dagoen <b>-að-</b> (singularra) edo <b>-uð-</b> (pluraleko) atzizkiarekin. </p><p>Gainera, i-klaseko aditz adibide bat <b>-i-</b> bokala duen orainaldi singularrean: <i>reyna</i> "saiatu". Lehenaldiko atzizkiak <b>-d-</b> forma erakusten du hemen: </p><p>Zero aditz ahulen klase deiturikoari <i>telja</i> "zenbatzea"ri dagokio, eta horrek iraganeko denboran e > a/ö umlauta erakusten du. Aditz hauek ez dute subjektu bokalik baina <b>j</b> - atzizkia erakusten dute orainaldiko pluralean: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="20">w1 </th> <th width="80">Singularrezko orainaldia </th> <th width="80">Pluralezko orainaldia </th> <th width="20"> </th> <th width="80">Singularrezko lehenaldia (atzealdeko umlauta) </th> <th width="80">Pluralezko lehenaldia (atzealdeko umlauta) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1)</b> </td> <td>ég tel </td> <td>við tel<b>j</b><i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>ég tal<b>d</b><i>i</i> </td> <td>við töl<b>d</b><i>um</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2)</b> </td> <td>þú tel<i>ur</i> </td> <td>þið tel<b>j</b><i>ið</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>þú tal<b>d</b><i>ir</i> </td> <td>þið töl<b>d</b><i>uð</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3)</b> </td> <td>hann tel<i>ur</i> </td> <td>þeir tel<b>j</b><i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hann tal<b>d</b><i>i</i> </td> <td>þeir töl<b>d</b><i>u</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Aditz sendoek W1 klasea bezala flexioa egiten dute orainaldian, baina ahal den guztietan umlautak singularrean erakusten dituzte (a > e, o > e, ó > æ, ú > ý). Iraganaldia ez da hortz-atzizki baten bidez eratzen, (alemanez bezala) bokal nagusiaren soinuaz baizik - adibide gisa 6. denboratik <i>taka</i> "hartu". Aditz sendoen multzoa (ablaut seriea): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="20">S6 </th> <th width="80">pres. sg.<br /> (Umlaut) </th> <th width="80">pres. Pl. </th> <th width="20"> </th> <th width="80">pret. sg.<br /> (Ablaut) </th> <th width="80">pret. Pl.<br /> (Ablaut) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1)</b> </td> <td>ég t<b>e</b>k </td> <td>við tök<i>um</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>ég t<b>ó</b>k </td> <td>við t<b>ó</b>k<i>um</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2)</b> </td> <td>þú t<b>e</b>k<i>ur</i> </td> <td>þið tak<i>ið</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>þú t<b>ó</b>k<i>st</i> </td> <td>þið t<b>ó</b>k<i>uð</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3)</b> </td> <td>hann t<b>e</b>k<i>ur</i> </td> <td>þeir tak<i>a</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>hann t<b>ó</b>k </td> <td>þeir t<b>ó</b>k<i>u</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Aditz klase indibidualen subjuntibo-formak ez dira zerrendatzen. </p><p>Aditz ahulen eta sendoen ikuspegi determinatua <a class="external text" href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/is:Viðauki:Sagnorðsbeyging%20í%20íslensku">Islandiaren Wiktionary-</a> n aurki daiteke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izenlagunak">Izenlagunak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izenlagunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Izenlagunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islandieraz deklinabide adjektibo sendoak eta ahulak daude, eta horien aukeraketa izenaren determinazioaren araberakoa da. adjektiboaren posizio predikatiboaren araberakoa da. Adjektiboaren kasua, zenbakia eta generoa <a href="/wiki/Komunztadura" title="Komunztadura">komunztadura</a> dute izenarenekin. </p><p>Deklinabide gogorra hiru generoetan <i>veik-</i> "gaixo" adjektiboaren adibidea erabiliz erakus daiteke: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50">Singularra </th> <th width="80">maskulinoa </th> <th width="80">femeninoa </th> <th width="80">neutroa </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>veik<i>ur</i> </td> <td>veik </td> <td>veik<i>t</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>veik<i>an</i> </td> <td>veik<i>a</i> </td> <td>veik<i>t</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>veik<i>um</i> </td> <td>veik<i>ri</i> </td> <td>veik<i>u</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>veik<i>s</i> </td> <td>veik<i>rar</i> </td> <td>veik<i>s</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pertsona-izenordainekin bezala, pluralean dauden adjektiboak ere bereizten dira generoen artean; hala ere, unitate-amaierak daude genitiboan eta datiboan: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50">Plurala </th> <th width="80">maskulinoa </th> <th width="80">femeninoa </th> <th width="80">neutroa </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>veik<i>ir</i> </td> <td>veik<i>ar</i> </td> <td>veik </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>veik<i>a</i> </td> <td>veik<i>ar</i> </td> <td>veik </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>veik<i>um</i> </td> <td>veik<i>um</i> </td> <td>veik<i>um</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>veik<i>ra</i> </td> <td>veik<i>ra</i> </td> <td>veik<i>ra</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Deklinabide ahula izen deklinabide ahulei dagokie singularrean eta <i>rík-</i> "aberatsa" adjektiboaren adibidea erabiliz ikus daiteke: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50">Singularra </th> <th width="80">maskulinoa </th> <th width="80">femeninoa </th> <th width="80">neutroa </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nominatiboa</b> </td> <td>rík<i>i</i> </td> <td>rík<i>a</i> </td> <td>rík<i>a</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Akusatiboa</b> </td> <td>rík<i>a</i> </td> <td>rík<i>u</i> </td> <td>rík<i>a</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Datiboa</b> </td> <td>rík<i>a</i> </td> <td>rík<i>u</i> </td> <td>rík<i>a</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Genitiboa</b> </td> <td>rík<i>a</i> </td> <td>rík<i>u</i> </td> <td>rík<i>a</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Genero guztien plural arrunta <i>u</i> da adjektibo flexio ahulean. </p><p>Islandieraren hiztegiko <a class="external text" href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/is:Viðauki:Lýsingarorðsbeyging%20í%20íslensku">adjektiboen eranskina</a> zehaztasun handiagoa lortzeko erabil daiteke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPálsson1995">Pálsson, Gísli.  (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=I-LtIiTJgTgC&pg=PA127&dq=icelandic+purism&hl=ca&sa=X&ei=CDRjUcCSEMmYhQes04DoBw#v=onepage&q=icelandic%20purism&f=false"><i>The Textual Life of Savants: Ethnography, Iceland, and the Linguistic Turn. </i></a> Psychology Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9783718657216" title="Berezi:BookSources/9783718657216">9783718657216</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-09-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBandleBraunmullerElmevikJahr2002">Bandle, Oskar; Braunmuller, Kurt; Elmevik, Lennart; Jahr, Ernst Hakon; Widmark, Gun; Karker, Allan; Naumann, Hans-Peter; Teleman, Ulf.  (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=6b7WwBC5tRAC&pg=PA1441&dq=icelandic+purism+20th+century&hl=ca&sa=X&ei=LjZjUb6LOdSYhQfq14CYDg&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=icelandic%20purism%2020th%20century&f=false"><i>The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages. </i></a> Walter de Gruyter <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9783110171495" title="Berezi:BookSources/9783110171495">9783110171495</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-09-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euskara-islandiera_pidgina" title="Euskara-islandiera pidgina">Euskara-islandiera pidgina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islandiera&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Islandieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Islandieraz)</b></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203100845/http://www.ismal.hi.is/malsten.htm">Islandieraren Institutua</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/26/icelandic-language-battles-threat-of-digital-extinction">Icelandic language battles threat of 'digital extinction</a> Jon Henley, The Guardian. (2018-02-16)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/theguardian/islandes-lucha-amenaza-extincion-digital_0_744726299.html">El idioma islandés lucha contra la amenaza de la extinción digital</a>. Jon Henley, diario.es. 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href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Icelandic-language">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q294">Q294</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Icelandic_language">Icelandic language</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q294%22">Q294</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">Hizkuntza honek bere <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> du: <a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="is:">Bisita ezazu</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Germaniar_hizkuntza_modernoak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Germaniar_hizkuntzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Germaniar hizkuntzak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Germaniar_hizkuntzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Germaniar hizkuntzak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Germaniar_hizkuntzak&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Germaniar_hizkuntza_modernoak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">Germaniar hizkuntza</a> modernoak</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iparraldekoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Daniera" title="Daniera">Daniera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Faroera" title="Faroera">Faroera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Norvegiera" title="Norvegiera">Norvegiera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">bokmåla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">nynorska</a>) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islandiera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suediera" title="Suediera">Suediera</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mendebaldeko_germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Mendebaldeko germaniar hizkuntzak">Mendebaldekoak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaansa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman">Alemana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bavariera" title="Bavariera">austrobavariera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coloniero_aleman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coloniero aleman (sortu gabe)">coloniero alemana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciquera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciquera (sortu gabe)">franciquera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxenburgera" title="Luxenburgera">luxenburgera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fersentalera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fersentalera (sortu gabe)">fersentalera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvaniako_aleman" title="Pennsylvaniako aleman">Pennsylvaniako alemana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suitzar_aleman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suitzar aleman (sortu gabe)">suitzar alemana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinbriera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinbriera (sortu gabe)">zinbriera</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Behe-aleman" title="Behe-aleman">Behe-alemana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mendebaldeko_behe-aleman" title="Mendebaldeko behe-aleman">mendebaldekoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederlandar_behe-saxoiera" title="Nederlandar behe-saxoiera">nederlandar behe-saxoiera</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brabantera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brabantera (sortu gabe)">Brabantera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Flandriera" title="Flandriera">Flandriera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frisiera" title="Frisiera">Frisiera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_frisiera" title="Iparraldeko frisiera">iparraldekoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_frisiera" title="Ekialdeko frisiera">ekialdekoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mendebaldeko_frisiera" title="Mendebaldeko frisiera">mendebaldekoa</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">Ingelesa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Limburgera" title="Limburgera">Limburgera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nederlandera" title="Nederlandera">Nederlandera</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walserera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walserera (sortu gabe)">Walserera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ripuariera" title="Ripuariera">Ripuariera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eskoziera" title="Eskoziera">Eskoziera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ulsterko_eskoziera" title="Ulsterko eskoziera">Ulsterko eskoziera</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddisha</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeelandera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeelandera (sortu gabe)">Zeelandera</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Parentesi artean: parentesiaren ezkerrean dagoen hizkuntzaren <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialektoak</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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