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<span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology_and_position_in_the_pantheon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology_and_position_in_the_pantheon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mythology and position in the pantheon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology_and_position_in_the_pantheon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Kingdom_cults" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Kingdom_cults"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>New Kingdom cults</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Kingdom_cults-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_goddess_of_Nome_VII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_goddess_of_Nome_VII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Chief goddess of Nome VII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_goddess_of_Nome_VII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nephthys</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="نيفتيس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيفتيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%83%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Նեփթիս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նեփթիս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B" title="নেফথিছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নেফথিছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftida" title="Neftida – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neftida" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Нефтыда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нефтыда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Нефтида – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нефтида" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ནའེ་ཧྥུ་ཏི་སི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནའེ་ཧྥུ་ཏི་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftida" title="Neftida – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neftida" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftis" title="Neftis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Neftis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftis" title="Neftis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neftis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebthet" title="Nebthet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nebthet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%82" title="Νέφθυς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέφθυς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftis" title="Neftis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neftis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftiso" title="Neftiso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neftiso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftis" title="Neftis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neftis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="نفتیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نفتیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephtys" title="Nephtys – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nephtys" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9aftas" title="Néaftas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Néaftas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%ED%94%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="네프티스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네프티스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%83%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Նեփթիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեփթիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="नेफ़्थिस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नेफ़्थिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftis" title="Neftis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neftis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefti" title="Nefti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nefti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A1" title="נפתיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נפתיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftid%C4%97" title="Neftidė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neftidė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebethet" title="Nebethet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nebethet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Нефтида – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нефтида" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നെഫ്ത്തിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നെഫ്ത്തിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ნეფტიდა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნეფტიდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="نيفتيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيفتيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯅꯦꯐꯊꯤꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯦꯐꯊꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99" title="နက်ဖ်သီစ်နတ်ဘုရားမ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နက်ဖ်သီစ်နတ်ဘုရားမ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%95%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9" title="ネフティス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネフティス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefthys" title="Nefthys – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nefthys" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A8ftis" title="Nèftis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nèftis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftyda" title="Neftyda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neftyda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ftis" title="Néftis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Néftis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Нефтида – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нефтида" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nephthys" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebthet" title="Nebthet – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nebthet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftis" title="Neftis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Neftis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Нефтида – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нефтида" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftis" title="Neftis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neftis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neftys" title="Neftys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neftys" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Egyptian goddess</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the catworm genus, see <a href="/wiki/Nephtys" title="Nephtys">Nephtys</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #DECD87;">Nephthys</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepthys.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nepthys.svg/150px-Nepthys.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nepthys.svg/225px-Nepthys.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nepthys.svg/300px-Nepthys.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nephthys was normally portrayed as a young woman, wearing a headdress in the shape of a house and basket</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O9.png?1bb39" height="38" title="O9" alt="O9" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_H8.png?530f1" height="18" title="H8" alt="H8" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cult center</th><td class="infobox-data">None specifically, <a href="/wiki/Diospolis_Parva" class="mw-redirect" title="Diospolis Parva">Diospolis Parva</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">The sacred temple enclosure</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #DECD87;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horus_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus the Elder">Haroeris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Set_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Set (mythology)">Set</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>, (in some myths)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a> (in Nubia)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Offspring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> (in some myths)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Nephthys</b> or <b>Nebet-Het</b> in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">ancient Egyptian</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Νέφθυς</span></span>) was a goddess in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian religion</a>. A member of the Great <a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a> of <a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(Ancient_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopolis (Ancient Egypt)">Heliopolis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Egyptian mythology</a>, she was a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a>. Nephthys was typically paired with her sister <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> in funerary rites<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a> and as the <a href="/wiki/Sister-wife" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister-wife">sister-wife</a> of <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a>. </p><p>She was associated with <a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</a>, the night/darkness, service (specifically temples), childbirth, the dead, protection, magic, health, embalming, and beer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nephthys is the Greek form of an epithet (transliterated as <i>Nebet-hut</i>, <i>Nebet-het</i>, <i>Nebt-het</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian</a> <i>nbt-ḥwt</i>). The origin of the goddess Nephthys is unclear but the literal translation of her name is usually given as <i>Lady of the House</i> or <i>Lady of the Temple.</i> </p><p>This title, which may be more of an <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> describing her function than a given name, probably indicates the association of Nephthys with one particular temple or some specific aspect of the Egyptian temple ritual.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Along with her sister Isis, Nephthys represented the temple <a href="/wiki/Pylon_(architecture)" title="Pylon (architecture)">pylon</a> or trapezoidal tower gateway entrance to the temple which also displayed the <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_(structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagstaff (structure)">flagstaff</a>. This entrance way symbolized the horizon or <a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph_and_season)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhet (hieroglyph and season)">akhet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nephthys_N4051_mp3h8832.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Nephthys_N4051_mp3h8832.jpg/170px-Nephthys_N4051_mp3h8832.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Nephthys_N4051_mp3h8832.jpg/254px-Nephthys_N4051_mp3h8832.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Nephthys_N4051_mp3h8832.jpg/339px-Nephthys_N4051_mp3h8832.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2169" data-file-height="3246" /></a><figcaption>Nephthys – <i>Musée du Louvre</i>, Paris, France</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Egyptian Dynasties">Fifth Dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a>, Nephthys appears as a goddess of the <a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(ancient_Egypt)" title="Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)">Heliopolitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a>. She is the sister of Isis and companion of the war-like deity, <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a>. As sister of <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> and especially <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>, Nephthys is a protective goddess who symbolizes the death experience, just as Isis represented the birth experience. Nephthys was known in some ancient <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Egyptian temple</a> theologies and cosmologies as the "Helpful Goddess" or the "Excellent Goddess".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These late ancient Egyptian temple texts describe a goddess who represented divine assistance and protective guardianship. </p><p>Nephthys is regarded as the mother of the funerary deity <a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a> (Inpu) in some myths.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively Anubis appears as the son of <a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nubia, Nephthys was said to be the wife of Anubis.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though usually considered the aunt of Horus, she often appears as his mother. She is also seen as a wife of Horus.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the primary "nursing mother" of the incarnate pharaonic god, <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>, Nephthys also was considered to be the nurse of the reigning <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> himself.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though other goddesses could assume this role, Nephthys was most usually portrayed in this function. In contrast, Nephthys is sometimes featured as a rather ferocious and dangerous divinity, capable of incinerating the enemies of the pharaoh with her fiery breath.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> Ramesside Pharaohs, in particular, were enamored of <i>Mother Nephthys</i> as is attested in various stelae and a wealth of inscriptions at <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a>, where Nephthys was a member of that great city's Ennead and her altars were present in the massive complex.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Dendara,_tempio_di_Hator_(56).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Dendara%2C_tempio_di_Hator_%2856%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Dendara%2C_tempio_di_Hator_%2856%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Dendara%2C_tempio_di_Hator_%2856%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Dendara%2C_tempio_di_Hator_%2856%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Dendara%2C_tempio_di_Hator_%2856%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Dendara%2C_tempio_di_Hator_%2856%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption>Temple decoration at <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Temple_complex" title="Dendera Temple complex">Dendera</a>, depicting the goddesses Isis and Nephthys watching over the corpse of their brother <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nephthys was typically paired with her sister <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> in funerary rites<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a> and as the sister-wife of <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a>. Less well understood than her sister <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>, Nephthys was no less important in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian religion</a> as confirmed by the work of E. Hornung<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the work of several noted scholars. </p> <dl><dd>Ascend and descend; descend with Nephthys, sink into darkness with the Night-bark. Ascend and descend; ascend with Isis, rise with the Day-bark.<br /> — <i>Pyramid Text</i> utterance 222, line 210<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isis_and_Nepthys_as_kites_by_the_bier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Isis_and_Nepthys_as_kites_by_the_bier.jpg/300px-Isis_and_Nepthys_as_kites_by_the_bier.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Isis_and_Nepthys_as_kites_by_the_bier.jpg/450px-Isis_and_Nepthys_as_kites_by_the_bier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Isis_and_Nepthys_as_kites_by_the_bier.jpg/600px-Isis_and_Nepthys_as_kites_by_the_bier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Isis (left) and Nephthys (right) as <a href="/wiki/Kite_(bird)" title="Kite (bird)">kites</a> near the bier of a <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummy</a>, thirteenth century BCE</figcaption></figure> <p>In the funerary role, Nephthys often was depicted as a <a href="/wiki/Kite_(bird)" title="Kite (bird)">kite</a> or as a woman with falcon wings, usually outstretched as a symbol of protection. Nephthys's association with the kite or the Egyptian hawk (and its piercing, mournful cries) evidently reminded the ancients of the lamentations usually offered for the dead by wailing women. In this capacity, it is easy to see how Nephthys could be associated with death and putrefaction in the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a>. She was, almost without fail, depicted as crowned by the hieroglyphs signifying her name, which were a combination of signs for the sacred temple enclosure (<i>ḥwt</i>) along with the sign for <i>nb</i> or <i>mistress (lady)</i> on top of the enclosure sign.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nephthys was clearly viewed as a morbid-but-crucial force of heavenly transition, i.e., the pharaoh becomes strong for his journey to the afterlife through the intervention of Isis and Nephthys. The same divine power could be applied later to all of the dead, who were advised to consider Nephthys a necessary companion. According to the Pyramid Texts, Nephthys, along with Isis, was a force before whom demons trembled in fear and whose magical spells were necessary for navigating the various levels of <a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a>, as the region of the afterlife was termed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology_and_position_in_the_pantheon">Mythology and position in the pantheon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mythology and position in the pantheon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankh-Wennefer_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ankh-Wennefer_02.jpg/220px-Ankh-Wennefer_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ankh-Wennefer_02.jpg/330px-Ankh-Wennefer_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ankh-Wennefer_02.jpg/440px-Ankh-Wennefer_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Nephthys on the outer coffin of Ankh-Wennefer</figcaption></figure> <p>Though it commonly has been assumed that Nephthys was married to <a href="/wiki/Set_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Set (mythology)">Set</a> and they have a son <a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a>, recent Egyptological research has called this into question. Levai notes that while <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>'s <i>De Iside et Osiride</i> mentions the deities' marriage, there is very little specifically linking Nephthys and Set in the original early Egyptian sources. She argues that the later evidence suggests that: </p> <blockquote><p>while Nephthys's marriage to Set was a part of Egyptian mythology, it was not a part of the myth of the murder and resurrection of Osiris. She was not paired with Set the villain, but with Set's other aspect, the benevolent figure who was the killer of <a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apophis</a>. This was the aspect of Set worshiped in the western oases during the Roman period, where he is depicted with Nephthys as co-ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>It is Nephthys who assists Isis in gathering and mourning the dismembered portions of the body of Osiris after his murder by the envious Set. Nephthys also serves as the nursemaid and watchful guardian of the infant Horus. The <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a> refer to Isis as the "birth-mother" and to Nephthys as the "nursing-mother" of Horus. Nephthys was attested as one of the four "Great Chiefs" ruling in the Osirian cult center of <a href="/wiki/Busiris_(Middle_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Busiris (Middle Egypt)">Busiris</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Delta</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she appears to have occupied an honorary position at the holy city of <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>. No cult is attested for her there, though she certainly figured as a goddess of great importance in the annual rites conducted, wherein two chosen females or priestesses played the roles of Isis and Nephthys and performed the elaborate "Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys". There, at Abydos, Nephthys joined Isis as a mourner in the shrine known as the Osireion.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These "<a href="/wiki/Festival_Songs_of_Isis_and_Nephthys" title="Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys">Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys</a>" were ritual elements of many such Osirian rites in major ancient Egyptian cult centers. </p><p>As a mortuary goddess like Isis, <a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serqet</a>, Nephthys was one of the protectresses of the <a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">canopic jars</a> of Hapi. Hapi, one of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Horus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Horus">sons of Horus</a>, guarded the embalmed lungs. Thus we find Nephthys endowed with the epithet "Nephthys of the Bed of Life"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in direct reference to her regenerative priorities on the embalming table. In the city of <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a>, Nephthys was duly honored with the title "Queen of the Embalmer's Shop" and there associated with the <a href="/wiki/Jackal" title="Jackal">jackal</a>-headed god <a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a> as patron.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail,_Stela_of_Seba,_scribe_of_the_treasury_of_god_Ptah._c._1250_BCE._From_Memphis,_Egypt._Neues_Museum,_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Detail%2C_Stela_of_Seba%2C_scribe_of_the_treasury_of_god_Ptah._c._1250_BCE._From_Memphis%2C_Egypt._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/220px-Detail%2C_Stela_of_Seba%2C_scribe_of_the_treasury_of_god_Ptah._c._1250_BCE._From_Memphis%2C_Egypt._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Detail%2C_Stela_of_Seba%2C_scribe_of_the_treasury_of_god_Ptah._c._1250_BCE._From_Memphis%2C_Egypt._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/330px-Detail%2C_Stela_of_Seba%2C_scribe_of_the_treasury_of_god_Ptah._c._1250_BCE._From_Memphis%2C_Egypt._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Detail%2C_Stela_of_Seba%2C_scribe_of_the_treasury_of_god_Ptah._c._1250_BCE._From_Memphis%2C_Egypt._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/440px-Detail%2C_Stela_of_Seba%2C_scribe_of_the_treasury_of_god_Ptah._c._1250_BCE._From_Memphis%2C_Egypt._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>Detail, Funerary stele of Seba. Osiris is flanked by Isis and Nephthys. New Kingdom, c. 1250 BCE. From Memphis, Egypt. Neues Museum, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <p>Nephthys was also considered a festive deity whose rites could mandate the liberal consumption of beer. In various reliefs at <a href="/wiki/Edfu" title="Edfu">Edfu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Temple_complex" title="Dendera Temple complex">Dendera</a>, and Behbeit, Nephthys is depicted receiving lavish beer offerings from the pharaoh which she would "return" using her power as a beer goddess "that [the pharaoh] may have joy with no <a href="/wiki/Hangover" title="Hangover">hangover</a>". Elsewhere at Edfu, for example, Nephthys is a goddess who gives the pharaoh power to see "that which is hidden by <a href="/wiki/Moonlight" title="Moonlight">moonlight</a>". This fits well with more general textual themes that consider Nephthys to be a goddess whose unique domain was darkness or the perilous edges of the desert. </p><p>Nephthys could also appear as one of the goddesses who assists at childbirth. An ancient Egyptian myth preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Westcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrus Westcar">Papyrus Westcar</a> recounts the story of Isis, Nephthys, <a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a> as traveling dancers in disguise, assisting the wife of a priest of <a href="/wiki/Amun-re" class="mw-redirect" title="Amun-re">Amun-Re</a> as she prepares to bring forth sons who are destined for fame and fortune. </p><p>Nephthys's healing skills and status as direct counterpart of Isis, steeped, as her sister in "words of power", are evidenced by the abundance of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_faience" title="Egyptian faience">faience</a> amulets carved in her likeness and by her presence in a variety of magical papyri that sought to summon her famously <a href="/wiki/Altruistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Altruistic">altruistic</a> qualities to the aid of mortals.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Kingdom_cults">New Kingdom cults</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New Kingdom cults"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_mummy_rests_on_a_sacred_boat_guarded_by_Anubis._Above,_figures_of_Osiris,_Isis,_and_Nephthys._Sandstone_stela._From_Egypt,_332_BCE_to_395_CE._Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_Museum,_Glasgow,_UK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/A_mummy_rests_on_a_sacred_boat_guarded_by_Anubis._Above%2C_figures_of_Osiris%2C_Isis%2C_and_Nephthys._Sandstone_stela._From_Egypt%2C_332_BCE_to_395_CE._Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_Museum%2C_Glasgow%2C_UK.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/A_mummy_rests_on_a_sacred_boat_guarded_by_Anubis._Above%2C_figures_of_Osiris%2C_Isis%2C_and_Nephthys._Sandstone_stela._From_Egypt%2C_332_BCE_to_395_CE._Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_Museum%2C_Glasgow%2C_UK.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/A_mummy_rests_on_a_sacred_boat_guarded_by_Anubis._Above%2C_figures_of_Osiris%2C_Isis%2C_and_Nephthys._Sandstone_stela._From_Egypt%2C_332_BCE_to_395_CE._Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_Museum%2C_Glasgow%2C_UK.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2671" data-file-height="3639" /></a><figcaption>A mummy rests on a sacred boat guarded by Anubis. Above, figures of Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys. Sandstone stela. From Egypt, 332 BCE to 395 CE. Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow, UK</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ramesside" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramesside">Ramesside</a> pharaohs were particularly devoted to Set's prerogatives and, in the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt">19th Dynasty</a>, a temple of Nephthys called the "House of Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun" was built or refurbished in the town of <a href="/wiki/Sepermeru" title="Sepermeru">Sepermeru</a>, midway between <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus" title="Oxyrhynchus">Oxyrhynchus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heracleopolis_Magna" title="Heracleopolis Magna">Herakleopolis</a>, on the outskirts of the <a href="/wiki/Fayyum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayyum">Fayyum</a> and quite near to the modern site of Deshasheh. Here, as <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Wilbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrus Wilbour">Papyrus Wilbour</a> notes in its wealth of taxation records and land assessments, the temple of Nephthys was a specific foundation by <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a>, located in close proximity to (or within) the precinct of the enclosure of Set. To be certain, the House of Nephthys was one of fifty individual, land-owning temples delineated for this portion of the Middle Egyptian district in <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Wilbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrus Wilbour">Papyrus Wilbour</a>. The fields and other holdings belonging to Nephthys's temple were under the authority of two Nephthys <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a> (named Penpmer and Merybarse) and one (mentioned) wa'ab priest of the goddess. </p><p>While certainly affiliated with the "House of Set", the Nephthys temple at Sepermeru and its apportioned lands (several acres) clearly were under administration distinct from the Set institution.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nephthys temple was a unique establishment in its own right, an independent entity. According to Papyrus Wilbour,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> another "House of Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun" seems to have existed to the north, in the town of Su, closer to the Fayyum region. </p><p>Another temple of Nephthys seems to have existed in the town of Punodjem. The Papyrus Bologna records a complaint lodged by a prophet of the temple of Set in that town regarding undue taxation in his regard. After making an introductory appeal to "<a href="/wiki/Re_Horakhty" class="mw-redirect" title="Re Horakhty">Re-Horakhte</a>, Set, and Nephthys" for the ultimate resolution of this issue by the royal Vizier, the prophet (named Pra'emhab) laments his workload. He notes his obvious administration of the "House of Set" and adds: "I am also responsible for the ship, and I am responsible likewise for the House of Nephthys, along with a heap of other temples."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As "Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun", the goddess and her shrines were under the particular endorsement of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a>. The foundations of the Set and Nephthys temples at <a href="/wiki/Sepermeru" title="Sepermeru">Sepermeru</a> finally were discovered and identified in the 1980s and the Nephthys temple was a self-sustaining temple complex within the Set enclosure.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There can be little doubt that a cult of Nephthys existed in the temple and great town of <a href="/wiki/Heracleopolis_Magna" title="Heracleopolis Magna">Herakleopolis</a>, north of Sepermeru. A near life-sized statue of Nephthys (currently housed in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>) boasts a curiously altered inscription. The <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> image originally was stationed at <a href="/wiki/Medinet_Habu" title="Medinet Habu">Medinet-Habu</a> as part of the cultic celebration of the pharaonic "Sed-Festival", but was transferred at some point to Herakleopolis and the temple of <a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Herishef</a>. The cult-image's inscription originally pertained to "Nephthys, Foremost of the Sed [Festival] in the Booth of Annals" (at Medinet-Habu), but was re-inscribed or re-dedicated to "Nephthys, Foremost of the [Booths of] Herakleopolis". A "prophet of Nephthys" is indeed attested for the town of Herakleopolis in the <a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt">30th Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_goddess_of_Nome_VII">Chief goddess of Nome VII</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chief goddess of Nome VII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_-_Triad_of_Isis,_Nephthys,_and_Harpocrates_-_Walters_481674.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Egyptian_-_Triad_of_Isis%2C_Nephthys%2C_and_Harpocrates_-_Walters_481674.jpg/170px-Egyptian_-_Triad_of_Isis%2C_Nephthys%2C_and_Harpocrates_-_Walters_481674.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Egyptian_-_Triad_of_Isis%2C_Nephthys%2C_and_Harpocrates_-_Walters_481674.jpg/255px-Egyptian_-_Triad_of_Isis%2C_Nephthys%2C_and_Harpocrates_-_Walters_481674.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Egyptian_-_Triad_of_Isis%2C_Nephthys%2C_and_Harpocrates_-_Walters_481674.jpg/340px-Egyptian_-_Triad_of_Isis%2C_Nephthys%2C_and_Harpocrates_-_Walters_481674.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Triad of Isis, Nephthys, and <a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a>. Early Greco-Roman. <a href="/wiki/Walters_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Walters Museum">Walters Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nephthys was considered the unique protectress of the <a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a> bird. This role may have stemmed from an early association in her native <a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(ancient_Egypt)" title="Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)">Heliopolis</a> which was renowned for its "House of the Bennu" temple. In this role, Nephthys was given the name "Nephthys-Kheresket" and a wealth of temple texts from <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Edfu" title="Temple of Edfu">Edfu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Temple_complex" title="Dendera Temple complex">Dendera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philae_temple_complex" title="Philae temple complex">Philae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Kom_Ombo" title="Temple of Kom Ombo">Kom Ombo</a>, El Qa'la, <a href="/wiki/Esna" title="Esna">Esna</a>, and others corroborate the late identification of Nephthys as the supreme goddess of Upper Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)" title="Nome (Egypt)">Nome VII</a>, where another shrine existed in honor of the Bennu. Nephthys also was the goddess of the "Mansion of the <a href="/wiki/Sistrum" title="Sistrum">Sistrum</a>" in Hwt-Sekhem (Gr. <a href="/wiki/Diospolis_Parva" class="mw-redirect" title="Diospolis Parva">Diospolis Parva</a>), the chief city of Nome VII. There, Nephthys was the primary protectress of the resident Osirian relic, of the Bennu Bird, and of the local Horus/Osiris manifestation, the god Neferhotep.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nephthys was most widely and usually worshiped in ancient Egypt as part of a consortium of temple deities. Therefore, it should not be surprising that her cult images could likely be found as part of the divine entourage in temples at <a href="/wiki/Kharga_Oasis" title="Kharga Oasis">Kharga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kellis" title="Kellis">Kellis</a>, Deir el-Hagar, <a href="/wiki/Koptos" class="mw-redirect" title="Koptos">Koptos</a>, Dendera, Philae, <a href="/wiki/Sebennytos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebennytos">Sebennytos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Busiris_(Middle_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Busiris (Middle Egypt)">Busiris</a>, Shenhur, El Qa'la, <a href="/wiki/Latopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Latopolis">Letopolis</a>, Heliopolis, <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dakhla_Oasis" title="Dakhla Oasis">Dakleh Oasis</a>, and indeed throughout Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases, Nephthys found her typical place as part of a triad alongside Osiris and Isis, Isis and Horus, Isis and Min, or as part of a quartet of deities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLévai2007" class="citation book cs1">Lévai, Jessica (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C7vTAQAACAAJ&q=levai+jessica+aspects+of+nephthys"><i>Aspects of the Goddess Nephthys, Especially During the Graeco-Roman Period in Egypt</i></a>. UMI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Goddess+Nephthys%2C+Especially+During+the+Graeco-Roman+Period+in+Egypt&rft.pub=UMI&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vai&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC7vTAQAACAAJ%26q%3Dlevai%2Bjessica%2Baspects%2Bof%2Bnephthys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévai2007" class="citation book cs1">Lévai, Jessica (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C7vTAQAACAAJ&q=levai+jessica+aspects+of+nephthys"><i>Aspects of the Goddess Nephthys, Especially During the Graeco-Roman Period in Egypt</i></a>. UMI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Goddess+Nephthys%2C+Especially+During+the+Graeco-Roman+Period+in+Egypt&rft.pub=UMI&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vai&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC7vTAQAACAAJ%26q%3Dlevai%2Bjessica%2Baspects%2Bof%2Bnephthys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévai2007" class="citation book cs1">Lévai, Jessica (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C7vTAQAACAAJ&q=levai+jessica+aspects+of+nephthys"><i>Aspects of the Goddess Nephthys, Especially During the Graeco-Roman Period in Egypt</i></a>. UMI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Goddess+Nephthys%2C+Especially+During+the+Graeco-Roman+Period+in+Egypt&rft.pub=UMI&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vai&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC7vTAQAACAAJ%26q%3Dlevai%2Bjessica%2Baspects%2Bof%2Bnephthys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.uk-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abeer El-Shahawy <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TIzHcd0sKpQC&dq=Djerty+egypt&pg=PA73">books.google.co.uk</a> <i>The funerary art of Ancient Egypt: a bridge to the realm of the hereafter</i> (106 pages) American University in Cairo Press, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-17-2353-7" title="Special:BookSources/977-17-2353-7">977-17-2353-7</a> [Retrieved 2011-12-12]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1997" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, P. (1997). <i>A Ptolemaic Lexikon: A lexicographical study of the texts in the Temple of Edfu</i>. OLA. Vol. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Ptolemaic+Lexikon%3A+A+lexicographical+study+of+the+texts+in+the+Temple+of+Edfu&rft.series=OLA&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWainwright1941" class="citation journal cs1">Wainwright, G.A. (February 1941). "Seshat and the Pharaoh". <i>The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</i>. <b>26</b>: 30–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030751334002600105">10.1177/030751334002600105</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192254249">192254249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Egyptian+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Seshat+and+the+Pharaoh&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=30-40&rft.date=1941-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F030751334002600105&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192254249%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=G.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchomp2007" class="citation book cs1">Schomp, Virginia (2007). <i>The Ancient Egyptians</i>. Marshall Cavendish. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Egyptians&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Schomp&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGyöry2003" class="citation book cs1">Györy, Hedvig (2003). "On a topos in Egyptian medical history". In Eyma, A.K. (ed.). <i>A Delta-man in Yebu</i>. Universal Publishers. p. 219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+a+topos+in+Egyptian+medical+history&rft.btitle=A+Delta-man+in+Yebu&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Universal+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Gy%C3%B6ry&rft.aufirst=Hedvig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedford1967" class="citation magazine cs1">Redford, Donald B. (November 1967). "The literary motif of the exposed child (cf. Ex. ii 1-10)". <i>Numen</i>. Vol. 14, no. 3. pp. 209–228.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Numen&rft.atitle=The+literary+motif+of+the+exposed+child+%28cf.+Ex.+ii+1-10%29&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=209-228&rft.date=1967-11&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span> The discussion of Isis as the mother of Anubis appears on pages 222-223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévai2007" class="citation book cs1">Lévai, Jessica (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C7vTAQAACAAJ&q=levai+jessica+aspects+of+nephthys"><i>Aspects of the Goddess Nephthys, Especially During the Graeco-Roman Period in Egypt</i></a>. UMI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Goddess+Nephthys%2C+Especially+During+the+Graeco-Roman+Period+in+Egypt&rft.pub=UMI&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vai&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC7vTAQAACAAJ%26q%3Dlevai%2Bjessica%2Baspects%2Bof%2Bnephthys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévai2007" class="citation book cs1">Lévai, Jessica (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C7vTAQAACAAJ&q=levai+jessica+aspects+of+nephthys"><i>Aspects of the Goddess Nephthys, Especially During the Graeco-Roman Period in Egypt</i></a>. UMI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Goddess+Nephthys%2C+Especially+During+the+Graeco-Roman+Period+in+Egypt&rft.pub=UMI&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vai&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC7vTAQAACAAJ%26q%3Dlevai%2Bjessica%2Baspects%2Bof%2Bnephthys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitchen1993" class="citation book cs1">Kitchen, K.A., ed. (1993). <i>Ramesside Inscriptions</i>. Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ramesside+Inscriptions&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sauneron, Elephantine, Beitrage Bf. 6, 46 n.d.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Traunecker, Karnak VII, 184 n. 2; Cauville, 'Essai,' 152 n.7<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorterMoss" class="citation book cs1">Porter, B.; Moss, R. (eds.). <i>Theban Temples</i>. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. Vol. II (Second ed.). Oxford, UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theban+Temples&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=Topographical+Bibliography+of+Ancient+Egyptian+Hieroglyphic+Texts%2C+Reliefs%2C+and+Paintings&rft.edition=Second&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1992" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd, A.B., ed. (1992). "Versuch über Nephthys". <i>Studies in Pharaonic Religion and Society in Honour of J.G. Griffiths</i>. London, UK. pp. 186–188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Versuch+%C3%BCber+Nephthys&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Pharaonic+Religion+and+Society+in+Honour+of+J.G.+Griffiths&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=186-188&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaullkner1969" class="citation book cs1">Faullkner, R.O., ed. (1969). <i>Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts</i>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Pyramid+Texts&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANephthys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James P. Allen, Peter Der Manuelian, 'The Pyramid Texts' SBL, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levai, Jessica. "Nephthys and Seth: Anatomy of a Mythical Marriage", Paper presented at The 58th Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Wyndham Toledo Hotel, Toledo, Ohio, Apr 20, 2007.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p176897_index.html">http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p176897_index.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Book of the Dead, Theban Recension</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byron Esely Shafer, Dieter Arnold, Temples in Ancient Egypt, p. 112, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomb of Tuthmosis III, Dynasty XVIII</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Berlandini, p. 41-62, Varia Memphitica, VI - La stèle de Parâherounemyef, BIFAO 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Gutbub, J. Bergman, Nephthys découverte dans un papyrus magique in Mélanges, Publications de la recherche, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, FRANCE, 1984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Land Tenure in the Ramesside Period' by S. Katary, 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Section 1. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Papyrus Bologna 1094, 5, 8-7, 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Les Deesses de l'Egypte Pharaonique', R. LaChaud, 1992, Durocher-Champollion</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forgeau, 'Pretres Isiaques,' BIFAO 84, 155-157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sauneron, Beitrage Bf. 6, 46; C. Traunecker, Le temple d'El-Qal'a. Relevés des scènes et des textes. I' Sanctuaire central. Sanctuaire nord. Salle des offrandes 1 à 112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BIFAO website</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Son_of_Horus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hapi (Son of Horus)">Hapi (Son of Horus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/287_Nephthys" title="287 Nephthys">287 Nephthys</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nephthys" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nephthys">Nephthys</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Template talk:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Egyptian_religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfet_(Egyptian_mythology)" title="Isfet (Egyptian mythology)">Isfet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/90px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/135px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/180px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauhet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauhet">Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kauket">Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naunet" class="mw-redirect" title="Naunet">Naunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%">Triads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apt_(Egyptian)" title="Apt (Egyptian)">Apt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li> <li><b>C</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities</a></li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><b>F</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Four sons of Horus</a></li> <li><b>G</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><b>I</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li> <li><b>K</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><b>P</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><b>Q</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li> <li><b>U</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedi" title="Dedi">Dedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols<br />and objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartouche (hieroglyph)">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Coronation of the pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_festival" title="Min festival">Min festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opet_Festival" title="Opet Festival">Opet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Related religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><div> <ul><li><span 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