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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the satellite, see <a href="/wiki/Amos-5" class="mw-redirect" title="Amos-5">Amos-5</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Amos 5</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="/wiki/Amos_4" title="Amos 4">chapter 4</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Amos_6" title="Amos 6">chapter 6</a> →</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CodexGigas_110_MinorProphets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/CodexGigas_110_MinorProphets.jpg/250px-CodexGigas_110_MinorProphets.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="417" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/CodexGigas_110_MinorProphets.jpg/375px-CodexGigas_110_MinorProphets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/CodexGigas_110_MinorProphets.jpg/500px-CodexGigas_110_MinorProphets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4479" data-file-height="7466" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Book of Amos</a> (1:1–5:21) in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Codex_Gigas" title="Codex Gigas">Codex Gigas</a>, made around 13th century.</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Book of Amos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christian Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Christian part</th><td class="infobox-data">30</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amos 5</b> is the fifth chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Book of Amos</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Hebrew Bible it is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Book of Amos contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet <a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a>, including in this chapter a <a href="/wiki/Lamentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamentation">lamentation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Israel">Israel</a> (Amos 5:1–3), an exhortation to repentance (Amos 5:4–20), and God's rejection of their hypocritical service (Amos 5:21–27).<sup id="cite_ref-jfb_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jfb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original text was written in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Hebrew</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">This chapter is divided into</a> 27 verses. Some early <a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">manuscripts</a> containing the text of this chapter in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Hebrew</a> are of the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> tradition, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Cairensis" title="Codex Cairensis">Codex Cairensis</a> (895), <a href="/wiki/Codex_Babylonicus_Petropolitanus" title="Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus">the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets</a> (916), <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Codex" title="Aleppo Codex">Aleppo Codex</a> (10th century), and <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Codex" title="Leningrad Codex">Codex Leningradensis</a> (1008).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>, including 4Q82 (4QXII<sup>g</sup>; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1–2, 9–18.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlrich2010605–606_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlrich2010605–606-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thewaytoyahuweh_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thewaytoyahuweh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200839_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200839-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a translation into <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> version include the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a> (<b>B</b>; <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">G</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/781fcd09ad1ff694d53778c4d59da525ed9abeb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.824ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"></span><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), <a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (<b>A</b>; <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">G</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/781fcd09ad1ff694d53778c4d59da525ed9abeb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.824ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"></span><sup>A</sup>; 5th century), and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Marchalianus" title="Codex Marchalianus">Codex Marchalianus</a> (<b>Q</b>; <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">G</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/781fcd09ad1ff694d53778c4d59da525ed9abeb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.824ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"></span><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various ways in which this chapter has been divided, for example the <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">New King James Version</a> divides it into three sections: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Amos+5:1–3&version=nkjv">Amos 5:1–3</a> = A Lament for Israel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Amos+5:4–15&version=nkjv">Amos 5:4–15</a> = A Call to Repentance</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Amos+5:16–27&version=nkjv">Amos 5:16–27</a> = The Day of the Lord.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verse_1">Verse 1</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Verse 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Hear this word that I take up over you in lamentation, O house of Israel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Like <a href="/wiki/Amos_3#Verse_1" title="Amos 3">Amos 3:1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amos_4#Verse_1" title="Amos 4">4:1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amos_8" title="Amos 8">8:4</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Imperative_mood" title="Imperative mood">imperative</a> word "Hear" in this verse marks the start of a new section within the book.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verse_2">Verse 2</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Verse 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>The virgin of Israel has fallen;</i></dd> <dd><i>She will rise no more.</i></dd> <dd><i>She lies forsaken on her land;</i></dd> <dd><i>There is no one to raise her up.</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The "virgin of Israel", in this and several other translations, uses the <a href="/wiki/Appositive_genitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Appositive genitive">appositive genitive</a> form of expression: the <a href="/wiki/Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin">virgin</a> is the nation. She is carried off by death before she has experienced married life.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The image of a "fallen nation" is reversed in Amos 9:11.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verse_24">Verse 24</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Verse 24"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Civil_Rights_Memorial,_Montgomery,_AL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/The_Civil_Rights_Memorial%2C_Montgomery%2C_AL.jpg/240px-The_Civil_Rights_Memorial%2C_Montgomery%2C_AL.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/The_Civil_Rights_Memorial%2C_Montgomery%2C_AL.jpg/360px-The_Civil_Rights_Memorial%2C_Montgomery%2C_AL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/The_Civil_Rights_Memorial%2C_Montgomery%2C_AL.jpg/480px-The_Civil_Rights_Memorial%2C_Montgomery%2C_AL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The words spoken by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, a citation from Amos 5:24, inscribed in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Memorial" title="Civil Rights Memorial">Civil Rights Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery, Alabama</a>.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i> But let justice roll down as waters,</i> <dl><dd><i>and righteousness as a mighty stream.</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> cited this verse in his memorable "<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">I Have a Dream</a>" speech (August 28, 1963 in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verse_26">Verse 26</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Verse 26"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>But ye have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch</i> <dl><dd><i>and Chiun your images, the star of your god,</i> <dl><dd><i>which ye made to yourselves.</i><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_26_in_Hebrew">Verse 26 in Hebrew</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Verse 26 in Hebrew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Masoretic text: </p> <dl><dd><big>ונשאתם את סכות מלככם ואת כיון צלמיכם כוכב אלהיכם אשר עשיתם לכם׃</big></dd></dl> <p>Transliteration: </p> <dl><dd>ū-<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H05375">nə-śā-ṯem</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H00853">’êṯ</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H05522">sik-kūṯ</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H04432">mal-kə-ḵem</a></span>, wə-<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H00853">’êṯ</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H03594">kî-yūn</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H06754">ṣal-mê-ḵem</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H03556">kō-w-ḵaḇ</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H00430">’ĕ-lō-hê-ḵem</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H00834">’ă-sher</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H06213">‘ă-shî-ṯem</a></span> lā-ḵem.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_26_notes">Verse 26 notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Verse 26 notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"But ye have borne": Literally, "And ye bare the tabernacle of your Moloch" (literally, "your king," from where the <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">idol</a> <a href="/wiki/Moloch" title="Moloch">Moloch</a> had its name.) He declares the reason why he denied that they had sacrificed to God in the <a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">wilderness</a>. "Did ye offer sacrifices unto Me, and ye bare?" The two were incompatible. Since they did "carry about the tabernacle of their king", they did not really worship God. He whom they chose as "their king" was their god.<sup id="cite_ref-barnes_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"The tabernacle of your Moloch": τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ Μολόχ (Septuagint); <i>tabernaculum Moloch vestro</i> (Vulgate). The Hebrew word rendered "tabernacle" (<i>sikkuth</i>), which is found nowhere else, has been explained in a variety of ways. Aquila gives συσκιασμούς: Theodotion, "vision," reading the whole sentence thus: Καὶ ἤρατε τὴν ὅρασιν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑμῶν ὑμῶν ἄστρον τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑμῶν. Many moderns render this as "stake," "column," or "shrine." Others suppose it to be equivalent to Sakkuth, an Assyrian name for Molech (or Adar), but this is uncertain (see 'Studien und Kritiken.' 1874, p. 887). The parallelism requires the word to be an appellative and not a proper name. It most probably means "shrine", a portable shrine, like those spoken of in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#19:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 19:24</a> in connection with the worship of Diana. The Syriac and Arabic versions call it a "tent", and thus the reproach stands forth emphatically that, instead of, or in conjunction with, the true tabernacle, they bore aloft, as if proud of their apostasy, the tabernacle of a false god. Such shrines were used by the Egyptians, according to Herodotus (2:63; see Rawlinson's note) and Diod. Sic. (1:97). Many such shrines may be seen in the Egyptian room of the British Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keil quotes Drumann, 'On the Rosetta Inscription', p. 211, "These were small chapels, generally gilded and ornamented with flowers and in other ways, intended to hold a small idol when processions were made, and to be carried or driven about with it." Hence, Egypt was likely the source of this idolatry.<sup id="cite_ref-pulpit_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulpit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"The star of your god": The <i><a href="/wiki/Jamieson-Fausset-Brown_Bible_Commentary" title="Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary</a></i> refers to 15th-century rabbi <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Karo" title="Isaac Karo">Isaac Karo</a> on this line, saying that astrologers commonly associated <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> with Israel. The commentary further speculates that there may have been a star on the idol's head representing Saturn, and draws a connection with a star in hieroglyphics representing God.<sup id="cite_ref-jfb_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jfb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Chiun": This is the same as "Chevan", which in the Arabic and Persic languages is the name of "Saturn", as noted by Aben Ezra and Kimchi.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is so rendered by <a href="/wiki/Montanus" title="Montanus">Montanus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In Egyptian, it was called Revan, Rephan, or Remphan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is also in the Septuagint, and in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#7:43" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 7:43</a>; some read it "Cavan", and take it to signify a "cake". It is this sense of the word that is used in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Jeremiah#7:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Jeremiah">Jeremiah 7:18</a>: "the cake of your images".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Jeremiah, it is supposed that the "cake" had the image of the gods impressed upon it. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Calmet" title="Antoine Augustin Calmet">Antoine Augustin Calmet</a> interprets it as "the pedestal of your images",<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others have also translated it this way.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is applicable to Moloch (Mo) "their king", a king being the basis and foundation of the kingdom and people, and to the sun, often seen as a deity. Some take Mo and Chiun to be distinct deities, the one to be the sun, and the other the moon. However, they seem to be the same, and both to be the Egyptian ox and the calf of the Israelites in the wilderness. These types of image were carried in portable tents or tabernacles, in chests or shrines (such as the Succothbenoth, or tabernacles of Venus (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Kings#17:30" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Kings">2 Kings 17:30</a>) and those of <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#19:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 19:24</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-gill_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gill-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verse_27">Verse 27</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Verse 27"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus,</i> <dl><dd><i>saith the Lord, whose name is The God of hosts.</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>This verse plays an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Document" title="Damascus Document">Damascus Document</a>, an important Essene text from among the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sthomas_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sthomas-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Gilgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph (Genesis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moloch" title="Moloch">Moloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion (constellation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormwood_(Bible)" title="Wormwood (Bible)">Wormwood (Bible)</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Related <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> parts: <a href="/wiki/Job_9" title="Job 9">Job 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Job_38" title="Job 38">Job 38</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amos_3" title="Amos 3">Amos 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amos_4" title="Amos 4">Amos 4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The extant <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> currently does not have the whole Book of Amos.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2014_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins2014">Collins 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes2015_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes2015">Hayes 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Metzger, Bruce M.</a>, et al. <i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keck, Leander E. 1996. <i>The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII</i>. Nashville: Abingdon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jfb-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jfb_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jfb_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. <i><a href="/wiki/Jamieson-Fausset-Brown_Bible_Commentary" title="Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary">Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible</a></i>. 1871.<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWürthwein1995">Würthwein 1995</a>, pp. 35–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlrich2010605–606-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlrich2010605–606_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUlrich2010">Ulrich 2010</a>, pp. 605–606.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thewaytoyahuweh-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thewaytoyahuweh_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#amos">Dead sea scrolls – Amos</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200839-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200839_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzmyer2008">Fitzmyer 2008</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWürthwein1995">Würthwein 1995</a>, pp. 73–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Codex_Sinaiticus" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Codex+Sinaiticus&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmos+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Amos+5:1">Amos 5:1</a>: <a href="/wiki/English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">English Standard Version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Limburg, J. (1988), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Hosea_Micah/DAbUFlJdSgEC?hl=en&gbpv=1">Hosea-Micah</a>, p. 159, accessed on 6 September 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Amos+5:2&version=nkjv">Amos 5:2</a>: New King James Version</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a> (1966), Footnote a at Amos 5:2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dines, J. M., <i>29. Amos</i>, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43">The Oxford Bible Commentary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122193211/http://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43">Archived</a> 2017-11-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 585</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Amos#5:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Amos">Amos 5:24</a>: <a href="/wiki/American_Standard_Version" title="American Standard Version">American Standard Version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"No, no, we are not satisfied and we will not be satisfied until <i>justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.</i>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/i-have-dream-address-delivered-march-washington-jobs-and-freedom">"I Have a Dream," Address delivered at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018212005/https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/i-have-dream-address-delivered-march-washington-jobs-and-freedom">Archived</a> 2016-10-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. August 28, 1963. Washington, D.C.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/blog/2011/08/bible-references-in-the-i-have-a-dream-speech/">Bible References</a> in Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” Speech. Andy Rau. Bible Gateway. August 28, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Amos#5:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Amos">Amos 5:26</a>: <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barnes-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-barnes_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Barnes_(theologian)" title="Albert Barnes (theologian)">Barnes, Albert</a>. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/egypt">"Egypt"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=Egypt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fegypt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmos+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pulpit-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pulpit_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The <a href="/wiki/Pulpit_Commentary" title="Pulpit Commentary">Pulpit Commentary</a>. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"placentam imagiuum vestrarum", Pagninus, Tigurine version, Vatablus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calmet, A. A., <i>Dictionnaire historique et critique de la Bible</i>, on the word "Chiun"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Basim imaginum vestrarum", Junius & Tremellius, Piscator; "statumen", Burkius.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gill-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gill_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746–1763.<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Amos#5:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Amos">Amos 5:27</a>: KJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sthomas-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sthomas_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibleodyssey.org:443/en/passages/main-articles/let-justice-roll-down-like-waters-amos-5--6">Samuel Thomas, "Let Justice Roll Down Like Waters"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180515112338/https://www.bibleodyssey.org/en/passages/main-articles/let-justice-roll-down-like-waters-amos-5--6">Archived</a> 2018-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, n.p. [cited 30 Jan 2017]. Bible Odyssey.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2014" class="citation book cs1">Collins, John J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ"><i>Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures</i></a>. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451469233" title="Special:BookSources/9781451469233"><bdi>9781451469233</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Scriptures&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781451469233&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfbsoBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmos+5" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzmyer2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fitzmyer" title="Joseph Fitzmyer">Fitzmyer, Joseph A.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC"><i>A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature</i></a>. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802862419" title="Special:BookSources/9780802862419"><bdi>9780802862419</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+and+Related+Literature&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780802862419&rft.aulast=Fitzmyer&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTILXeWJ2eNAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmos+5" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2015" class="citation book cs1">Hayes, Christine (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC"><i>Introduction to the Bible</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300188271" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300188271"><bdi>978-0300188271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0300188271&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKbkXYHxvlAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmos+5" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlrich2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ulrich" title="Eugene Ulrich">Ulrich, Eugene</a>, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls"><i>The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants</i></a>. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biblical+Qumran+Scrolls%3A+Transcriptions+and+Textual+Variants&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheBiblicalQumranScrolls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmos+5" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWürthwein1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_W%C3%BCrthwein" title="Ernst Würthwein">Würthwein, Ernst</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC"><i>The Text of the Old Testament</i></a>. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0788-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0788-7"><bdi>0-8028-0788-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8028-0788-7&rft.aulast=W%C3%BCrthwein&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFSNKSBObCYwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmos+5" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish">Jewish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Jewish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1505.htm">Amos 5 Hebrew with Parallel English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16177">Amos 5 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian">Christian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_5&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Christian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=35&c=5">Amos 5 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180515044145/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=35&c=5">Archived</a> 2018-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Book of Amos</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amos_1" title="Amos 1">Amos 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_2" title="Amos 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_3" title="Amos 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_4" title="Amos 4">4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_6" title="Amos 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_7" title="Amos 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_8" title="Amos 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_9" title="Amos 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Place</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(biblical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aram (biblical region)">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashan" title="Bashan">Bashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calneh" title="Calneh">Calneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caphtor" title="Caphtor">Caphtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_(ancient_city)" title="Dan (ancient city)">Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philistine">Philistine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Gilgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamath" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamath">Hamath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermon">Hermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Kir" title="Land of Kir">Kir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuqu%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuqu'">Tekoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaziah_(Book_of_Amos)" title="Amaziah (Book of Amos)">Amaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam_II" title="Jeroboam II">Jeroboam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Israel" title="Jehoash of Israel">Joash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzziah" title="Uzziah">Uzziah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Term</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazirite" title="Nazirite">Nazarite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(mythology)" title="Orion (mythology)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">Prophet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscript</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_846" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 846">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 846</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:עמוס ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%8E%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Αμώς">Septuagint</a></li> 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