CINXE.COM

Francuski jezik – Wikipedija

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="hr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Francuski jezik – Wikipedija</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )hrwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy hr","wgMonthNames":["","siječanj","veljača","ožujak","travanj","svibanj","lipanj","srpanj","kolovoz","rujan","listopad","studeni","prosinac"],"wgRequestId":"60981a6d-6b4b-41e1-ac45-f29bec64c65c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Francuski_jezik","wgTitle":"Francuski jezik","wgCurRevisionId":6997861,"wgRevisionId":6997861,"wgArticleId":19983,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 upotrebe (engleski)","CS1 upotrebe (francuski)","Članci kojima nedostaje izvor","Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page","Francuski jezik","Francuski jezici","Jezici Francuske","Jezici Belgije","Jezici Benina","Jezici Burkine Faso","Jezici Burundija","Jezici Čada","Jezici Demokratske Republike Konga","Jezici Džibutija","Jezici Ekvatorijalne Gvineje","Jezici Francuske Polinezije","Jezici Gabona","Jezici Gvadalupea", "Jezici Gvineje","Jezici Haitija","Jezici Kameruna","Jezici Kanade","Jezici Komora","Jezici Republike Konga","Jezici Libanona","Jezici Madagaskara","Jezici Malija","Jezici Mauricijusa","Jezici Mayottea","Jezici Monaka","Jezici Nigera","Jezici Nove Kaledonije","Jezici Obale Bjelokosti","Jezici Reuniona","Jezici Ruande","Jezici Senegala","Jezici Sejšela","Jezici Srednjoafričke Republike","Sveti Petar i Mikelon","Jezici Švicarske","Jezici Togoa","Jezici Vanuatua","Jezici Alžira","Jezici Andore","Jezici Francuske Gijane","Jezici Indije","Jezici Italije","Jezici Kambodže","Jezici Luksemburga","Jezici Martinika","Jezici SAD-a","Jezici Tunisa","Jezici Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva","Jezici Wallisa i Futune","Službeni jezici","Jezici po abecedi:F","Jezici prekomorskih departmana Francuske","Jezici prekomorskih zajednica Francuske"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"hr","wgPageContentLanguage":"hr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Francuski_jezik","wgRelevantArticleId":19983, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Fr.","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"hr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"hr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Francuski_jezik","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q150","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.5"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Web2Cit","ext.gadget.switcher" ,"ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=hr&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=hr&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=hr&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/1200px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="609"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/800px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="406"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/640px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="325"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Francuski jezik – Wikipedija"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//hr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Uredi" href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedija (hr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//hr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedija Atom izvor" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Nedavne_promjene&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Francuski_jezik rootpage-Francuski_jezik skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Prijeđi na sadržaj</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Glavni izbornik" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Glavni izbornik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Glavni izbornik</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orijentacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Posjeti glavnu stranicu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna stranica</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Sadr%C5%BEaj"><span>Sadržaj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Slu%C4%8Dajna_stranica" title="Učitavanje slučajne stranice [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slučajna stranica</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nedavne_promjene" title="Popis nedavnih promjena u wikiju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nedavne promjene</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Kafi%C4%87" title="O projektu, što možete učiniti, gdje se što nalazi"><span>Kafić</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Mjesto gdje se može dobiti pomoć"><span>Pomoć</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-hr.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Slobodna enciklopedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pretraži Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Traži</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pretraži projekt Wikipedija" aria-label="Pretraži projekt Wikipedija" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pretraži Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Traži"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Traži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobni alati"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izgled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izgled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_hr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=hr" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Stvori_ra%C4%8Dun&amp;returnto=Francuski+jezik" title="Predlažemo Vam da stvorite račun i prijavite se, iako to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Stvori račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&amp;returnto=Francuski+jezik" title="Predlažemo Vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi se</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Više mogućnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobni alati" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobni alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Suradnički izbornik" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_hr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=hr"><span>Donacije</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Stvori_ra%C4%8Dun&amp;returnto=Francuski+jezik" title="Predlažemo Vam da stvorite račun i prijavite se, iako to nije obavezno"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Stvori račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&amp;returnto=Francuski+jezik" title="Predlažemo Vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijavi se</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stranice za neprijavljene suradnike <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Uvod" aria-label="Vidi više o uređivanju"><span>saznajte više</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moji_doprinosi" title="Popis uređivanja učinjenih s ove IP adrese [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Doprinosi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moj_razgovor" title="Rasprava o uređivanjima s ove IP adrese [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Esakrij\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"hr\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system\" style=\"clear: both; margin: 0.2em 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; background: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #E3B100;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87\" title=\"Marko Marulić\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/40px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/60px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/80px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"640\" data-file-height=\"640\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E \u003Cb\u003EGodina \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87\" title=\"Marko Marulić\"\u003EMarka Marulića\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E – 500 godina od smrti oca hrvatske književnosti. \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system\" style=\"clear: both; margin: 0.2em 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; background: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #eaa;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Kriteriji_zna%C4%8Dajnosti_po_temama\" title=\"Wikipedija:Kriteriji značajnosti po temama\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/22px-Help-content.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/33px-Help-content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/44px-Help-content.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"48\" data-file-height=\"48\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Kriteriji_zna%C4%8Dajnosti_po_temama\" title=\"Wikipedija:Kriteriji značajnosti po temama\"\u003ERaspravite \u003Cb\u003Erazradu po temama kriterija\u003C/b\u003E o značajnosti!\u003C/a\u003E \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klasifikacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klasifikacija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasifikacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povijesni_razvoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijesni_razvoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povijesni razvoj</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Povijesni_razvoj-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Povijesni razvoj</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Povijesni_razvoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rimsko_razdoblje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rimsko_razdoblje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rimsko razdoblje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rimsko_razdoblje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galoromanski_jezik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galoromanski_jezik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Galoromanski jezik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galoromanski_jezik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Starofrancuski_jezik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starofrancuski_jezik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Starofrancuski jezik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starofrancuski_jezik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Srednjofrancuski_jezik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Srednjofrancuski_jezik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Srednjofrancuski jezik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Srednjofrancuski_jezik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderni_francuski" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderni_francuski"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Moderni francuski</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderni_francuski-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolonijalno_širenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolonijalno_širenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Kolonijalno širenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolonijalno_širenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderni_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderni_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Moderni status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderni_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rasprostranjenost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rasprostranjenost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rasprostranjenost</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rasprostranjenost-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Rasprostranjenost</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rasprostranjenost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Francuska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Francuska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Francuska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Francuska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Amerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azija_i_Oceanija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azija_i_Oceanija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Azija i Oceanija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azija_i_Oceanija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kreolski_jezici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kreolski_jezici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kreolski jezici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kreolski_jezici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fonologija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonologija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Fonologija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsonanti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Konsonanti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Vokali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Duljina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duljina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Duljina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duljina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naglasak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naglasak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Naglasak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naglasak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pismo_i_izgovor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pismo_i_izgovor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Pismo i izgovor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pismo_i_izgovor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ostala_pravila_izgovora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostala_pravila_izgovora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Ostala pravila izgovora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ostala_pravila_izgovora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Početak_riječi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Početak_riječi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.1</span> <span>Početak riječi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Početak_riječi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suglasnici_kraja_riječi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suglasnici_kraja_riječi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.2</span> <span>Suglasnici kraja riječi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suglasnici_kraja_riječi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liaison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liaison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.3</span> <span><i>Liaison</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liaison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samoglasnici_kraja_riječi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samoglasnici_kraja_riječi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.4</span> <span>Samoglasnici kraja riječi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samoglasnici_kraja_riječi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elizija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elizija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.5</span> <span>Elizija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elizija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enchaînement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enchaînement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.6</span> <span><i>Enchaînement</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enchaînement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gramatika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gramatika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gramatika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gramatika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Gramatika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gramatika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Imenice_i_članovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imenice_i_članovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Imenice i članovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imenice_i_članovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pridjevi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pridjevi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Pridjevi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pridjevi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glagoli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glagoli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Glagoli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glagoli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leksik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leksik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Leksik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leksik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezani_članci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezani_članci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Povezani članci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezani_članci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francuski jezik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 269 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-269" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">269 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Афранцыз бызшәа – abhaski" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Афранцыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Peurancih" title="Bahsa Peurancih – ačinski" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ačinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Францыбзэ – adigejski" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ፈረንሳይኛ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሳይኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frencisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Frencisc sprǣc – staroengleski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Frencisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroengleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेंच भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रेंच भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الفرنسية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ – aramejski" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لفرانساوية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لفرانساوية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="فرنساوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنساوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Паранс мацӀ – avarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francava" title="Francava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Francava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़्रांसिसी भाषा – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ़्रांसिसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya_aru" title="Phransiya aru – ajmarski" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_dili" title="Fransız dili – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransız dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فرانسه دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Француз теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – balijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzesische_Sproch" title="Franzesische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Franzesische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzu_kalba" title="Prancūzu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Perancis" title="Hata Perancis – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Pranses" title="Tataramon na Pranses – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Pranses" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Французская мова – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Французская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Француская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Француская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रांसीसी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांसीसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Parancis" title="Basa Parancis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransekan" title="Faransekan – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Faransekan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ফরাসি ভাষা – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফরাসি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད། – tibetski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleg" title="Galleg – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Galleg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Perancis" title="Saro Perancis – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Француз хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Француз хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s" title="Francès – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Huák-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Французийн мотт – čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Французийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinanses" title="Prinanses – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Prinanses" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%A5_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎦᎸᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – čerokijski" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čerokijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toh%C3%A1ano%27%C3%A9ve%27ho%27etse" title="Toháano&#039;éve&#039;ho&#039;etse – čejenski" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Toháano&#039;éve&#039;ho&#039;etse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="čejenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمانی فەڕەنسی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی فەڕەنسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – korzički" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archives/%E1%90%B1%E1%94%A5%E1%91%8E%E1%91%AF%E1%94%AE%E1%90%A4_%E1%90%8A%E1%94%A8%E1%92%A7%E1%90%8E%E1%93%90" title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐤ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ – cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐤ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenk_tili" title="Frenk tili – krimski turski" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenk tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimski turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouz%C5%A1tina" title="Francouzština – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%ABsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Francësczi jãzëk – kašupski" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francësczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašupski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Франкїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – crkvenoslavenski" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="crkvenoslavenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Франс чĕлхи – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrangeg" title="Ffrangeg – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrangeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog) – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fransk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zki" title="Fransızki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Francojska rěc – donjolužički" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="donjolužički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Perancis" title="Boros Perancis – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Perancis" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8" title="ފަރަންސޭސި – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransegbe" title="Fransegbe – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Fransegbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γαλλική γλώσσα – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Francés" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="French language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_lingvo" title="Franca lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_keel" title="Prantsuse keel – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantses" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_francesa" title="Lengua francesa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua francesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زبان فرانسوی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فرانسوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransinkoore" title="Faransinkoore – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Faransinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_kieli" title="Ranskan kieli – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsus%C3%B5_kiil" title="Prantsusõ kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusõ kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Franskt mál – ferojski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Franskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferojski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flansegbe" title="Flansegbe – fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansegbe" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Français" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%AAs" title="Francês – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Francês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%B6%C3%B6sk_spriak" title="Fransöösk spriak – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fransöösk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_francese" title="Lenghe francese – furlanski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe francese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2nsk" title="Frânsk – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frânsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraincis" title="An Fhraincis – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhraincis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Buz_dili" title="Franțuz dili – gagauski" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franțuz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="法語 – gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9" title="Fransé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fransé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraingis" title="Fraingis – škotski gaelski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fraingis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski gaelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francesa" title="Lingua francesa – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua francesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="فرانسوي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسوي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A3sia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Hyãsiañe&#039;ẽ – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsiañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – gotski" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCranseenaiki" title="Püranseenaiki – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Püranseenaiki" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangish" title="Frangish – manski" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Frangish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransanci" title="Faransanci – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-ng%C3%AE" title="Fap-ngî – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Palani" title="ʻŌlelo Palani – havajski" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="צרפתית – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़्रान्सीसी भाषा – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्सीसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_bhasa" title="French bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="French bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Francošćina – gornjolužički" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francošćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="gornjolužički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_franse" title="Lang franse – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang franse" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_nyelv" title="Francia nyelv – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ֆրանսերեն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ֆրանսերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Peranchis" title="Jaku Peranchis – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesi" title="Francesi – interligua" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interligua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_French" title="Asụsụ French – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ French" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Pranses" title="Pagsasao a Pranses – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Pranses" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Фаьренгий мотт – ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Franca linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska" title="Franska – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Franska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%90%83%E1%92%8D%E1%90%83%E1%95%90%E1%92%A5%E1%90%85%E1%96%85" title="ᐅᐃᒍᐃᕐᒥᐅᖅ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᐃᒍᐃᕐᒥᐅᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="フランス語 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/French" title="French – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="French" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasybau" title="fasybau – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფრანგული ენა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანგული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuz_tili" title="Francuz tili – kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Francuz tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafrensist" title="Tafrensist – kabilski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafrensist" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Фрэнджыбзэ – kabardinski" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэнджыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%CC%B1ransa_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱lyem) – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifalanse" title="Kifalanse – kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kifalanse" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Француз тілі – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Француз тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ភាសាបារាំង – kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាបារាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Франсуз кыв – komi-permski" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франсуз кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Француз тил – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Француз тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسیٖسی زَبان – kašmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرانسیٖسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_frans%C3%AE" title="Zimanê fransî – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê fransî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Франсуз кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Франсуз кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frynkek" title="Frynkek – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Frynkek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Француз тили – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Француз тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Francogallica" title="Lingua Francogallica – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Francogallica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franseza" title="Lingua franseza – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua franseza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9isch" title="Franséisch – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Franséisch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Француз чӀал – lezgiški" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Француз чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franses_(lingua)" title="Franses (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Franses (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_fran%C3%A7%C3%A9ise" title="Lengua françéise – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua françéise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_franz%C3%ABus" title="Lingaz franzëus – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz franzëus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_francesa" title="Lengua francesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua francesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falans%C3%A9" title="Falansé – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ – laoski" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Prancūzų kalba – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%86c%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Praņcīšu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņcīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C4%8Du_valoda" title="Franču valoda – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Franču valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кранциянь кяль – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранциянь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_frantsay" title="Fiteny frantsay – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny frantsay" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Француз йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Француз йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_W%C4%ABw%C4%AB" title="Reo Wīwī – maorski" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Француски јазик – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Француски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭാഷ – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Франц хэл – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%86_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipurski" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेंच भाषा – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेंच भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Fran%C4%8Bi%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Franċiża – malteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Franċiża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပြင်သစ်ဘာသာစကား – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Французонь кель – mordvinski" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Французонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C" title="فرانسوی – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_franzese" title="Lengua franzese – napolitanski" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua franzese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6%C3%B6sche_Spraak" title="Franzöösche Spraak – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Franzöösche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – donjosaksonski" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="donjosaksonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेञ्च भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रेञ्च भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransum" title="Fransum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunceis" title="Fraunceis – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunceis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – sjeverni sotski" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sjeverni sotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1%C3%A1ghahii_bizaad" title="Dáághahii bizaad – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsien_kieli" title="Frantsien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Францаг æвзаг – osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Францаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Salitan Français – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Français" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Pranses" title="Amanung Pranses – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Pranses" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances" title="Frances – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Frances" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frins%C3%A9" title="Frinsé – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Frinsé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/French" title="French – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="French" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_francuski" title="Język francuski – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język francuski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_frans%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga fransèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga fransèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فرانسیسی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسیسی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="فرانسوي ژبه – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسوي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa" title="Língua francesa – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransis_simi" title="Ransis simi – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franzosa" title="Lingua franzosa – retoromanski" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua franzosa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_frangese" title="Lènga frangese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga frangese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Французский язык – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Французский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Французькый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Французькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igifaransa" title="Igifaransa – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igifaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेञ्चभाषा – sanskrtski" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रेञ्चभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrtski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Француз тыла – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Француз тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AA_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santalski" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_frantzesa" title="Limba frantzesa – sardski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba frantzesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francisa" title="Lingua francisa – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua francisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_leid" title="French leid – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="French leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="فرانسيسي ٻولي – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانسيسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1nskkagiella" title="Fránskkagiella – sjeverni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Fránskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sjeverni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tafransist" title="Tutlayt Tafransist – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tafransist" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAz%C5%A1tina" title="Francúzština – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Francoščina – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Farani" title="Faʻa Farani – samoanski" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskakiel%C3%A2" title="Ranskakielâ – inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranskakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifurenji" title="Chifurenji – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chifurenji" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Faransiis" title="Af-Faransiis – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Faransiis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_fr%C3%ABnge" title="Gjuha frënge – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha frënge" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Француски језик – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADFulentji" title="SíFulentji – svati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíFulentji" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – sesotski" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sesotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frants%C3%B6%C3%B6ske_Sproake" title="Frantsööske Sproake – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frantsööske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska" title="Franska – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifaransa" title="Kifaransa – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kifaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francusk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Francuskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francuskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பிரான்சிய மொழி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="ఫ్రెంచి భాష – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రెంచి భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-frans%C3%A9s" title="Lia-fransés – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-fransés" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Забони фаронсавӣ – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони фаронсавӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransuz_dili" title="Fransuz dili – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransuz dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Pranses" title="Wikang Pranses – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Pranses" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%C9%99ngi_zyvon" title="Fyrəngi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – cvana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="cvana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakafalanis%C4%93" title="Lea fakafalanisē – tonganski" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakafalanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonganski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Frens" title="Tok Frens – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransızca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Hwako" title="Kari Hwako – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Hwako" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Француз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_far%C4%81ni" title="Reo farāni – tahićanski" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Француз дыл – tuvinski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Француз дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Француз кыл – udmurtski" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Француз кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%87%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ڧرانسۇز تىلى – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ڧرانسۇز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Французька мова – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسیسی زبان – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransuz_tili" title="Fransuz tili – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransuz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_franseze" title="Łéngua franseze – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua franseze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijan_kel%27" title="Francijan kel&#039; – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francijan kel&#039;" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Tiếng Pháp – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Fransänapük – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Francès (lingaedje) – valonski" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Francès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frinanses" title="Frinanses – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frinanses" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-faraas" title="Wu-faraas – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wu-faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Пранцсин келн – kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwimi_lwasiFrentshi" title="Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფრანგული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრანგული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A9" title="פראנצויזיש – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנצויזיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Farans%C3%A9" title="Èdè Faransé – jorupski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Faransé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorupski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Fazgoz" title="Vah Fazgoz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9A%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9A%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ – standardni marokanski tamašek" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standardni marokanski tamašek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="法語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-g%C3%AD" title="Hoat-gí – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiFulentshi" title="IsiFulentshi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiFulentshi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q150#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Francuski_jezik" rel="discussion" title="Razgovorna stranica [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francuski_jezik"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francuski_jezik"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Francuski_jezik" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Francuski_jezik" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;oldid=6997861" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&amp;page=Francuski_jezik&amp;id=6997861&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancuski_jezik"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancuski_jezik"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Francuski+jezik"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_language" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1004" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q150" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Preusmjereno s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr.&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Fr.">Fr.</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0em 0em 1em 1em; width: 275px; font-size:100%; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #daefff; font-size:110%"><b>Francuski jezik</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #daefff; font-size:120%"><small>Français</small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b><a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država">Države</a></b></small> </td> <td><small><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/24px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/36px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgija</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska">Švicarska</a><br />i 47 drugih zemalja</small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b><a href="/wiki/Regija" class="mw-redirect" title="Regija">Regije</a></b></small> </td> <td><small>Uglavnom <a href="/wiki/Zapadna_Europa" title="Zapadna Europa">Zapadna Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Amerika" title="Sjeverna Amerika">Sjeverna Amerika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b>Govornici</b></small> </td> <td><small>90 milijuna <span style="font-size:85%;">(materinski, 2018.)</span><br />210 milijuna <span style="font-size:85%;">(strani, 2018.)</span></small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b><a href="/wiki/Popis_jezika_po_broju_govornika" title="Popis jezika po broju govornika">Rang</a></b></small> </td> <td><small>5.</small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b><a href="/wiki/Jezi%C4%8Dna_porodica" title="Jezična porodica">Razredba</a></b></small></td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropski_jezici" title="Indoeuropski jezici">indoeuropski</a><br />&#160;<a href="/wiki/Italski_jezici" title="Italski jezici">italski</a><br />&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Romanski_jezici" title="Romanski jezici">romanski</a><br />&#160;&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Zapadnoitalski_jezici" title="Zapadnoitalski jezici">zapadnoitalski</a><br /> &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Galoromanski_jezici" title="Galoromanski jezici">galoromanski</a><br />&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFlski_jezici" title="Oïlski jezici">oïlski</a><br />&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<b>francuski</b></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #daefff; font-size:100%;"><small><b>Službeni status</b></small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b>Služben</b></small> </td> <td><small><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/24px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/36px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgija</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska">Švicarska</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/24px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/36px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/48px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/20px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/24px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/36px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/48px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/24px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/36px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/48px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republika_Kongo" title="Republika Kongo"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republika_Kongo" title="Republika Kongo">Republika Kongo</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Demokratska_Republika_Kongo" title="Demokratska Republika Kongo"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Demokratska_Republika_Kongo" title="Demokratska Republika Kongo">DR Kongo</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Obala_Bjelokosti" title="Obala Bjelokosti"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/24px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/36px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/48px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Obala_Bjelokosti" title="Obala Bjelokosti">Obala Bjelokosti</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/21px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/32px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/43px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gvineja" title="Gvineja"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/24px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/36px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/48px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gvineja" title="Gvineja">Gvineja</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/19px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/28px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/37px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/24px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/36px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/48px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><br />i drugim bivšim kolonijama</small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b>Ustanova</b></small> </td> <td><small><i>Académie française i Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France</i> (<a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a>)<br /><i>Service de la langue française</i> (<a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgija</a>)<br /><i>Office québécois de la langue française</i> (<a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec">Québec</a>)<br />Visoki savjeti za francuski jezik <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuske</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec">Québeca</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #daefff; font-size:100%;"><small><b>Jezični kôd</b></small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639">ISO&#160;639</a>-1</b></small> </td> <td><small>fr</small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639">ISO&#160;639</a>-2</b></small> </td> <td><small>fra (T) / fre (B)</small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><b><a href="/wiki/SIL_k%C3%B4d" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL kôd">ISO&#160;639</a>-3</b></small> </td> <td><small><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/FRN" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:FRN">FRN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><small><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></b></i></small> </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/stan1290">stan1290</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size:95%; background-color:#daefff"><small>Povezani članci: <a href="/wiki/Jezik" title="Jezik">jezik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jezi%C4%8Dna_porodica" title="Jezična porodica">jezična porodica</a> | <a href="/wiki/Dodatak:Popis_jezika" title="Dodatak:Popis jezika">popis jezika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Popis_jezika_po_kodnim_nazivima" title="Popis jezika po kodnim nazivima">po kodnim nazivima</a>) </small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/313px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="313" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/470px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/626px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Francuski jezik u svijetu:<br />-tamno plavo: materinski jezik<br />-plavo: administrativni jezik<br />-svijetloplavo: jezik kulture<br />-zeleno: frankofone manjine.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Francuski jezik</b> (<i>Français</i>) jedan je od <a href="/wiki/Romanski_jezici" title="Romanski jezici">romanskih</a> jezika koji se prvenstveno upotrebljava u <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuskoj</a> i njezinim prekomorskim <a href="/wiki/Departman" title="Departman">departmanima</a> i teritorijima, u <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgiji</a> (uz <a href="/wiki/Flamanski" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamanski">flamanski</a> i <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njemački</a>), <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburgu</a> (uz <a href="/wiki/Luksembur%C5%A1ki" class="mw-redirect" title="Luksemburški">luksemburški</a> i <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njemački</a>), <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monaku</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska">Švicarskoj</a> (uz <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njemački</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talijanski" class="mw-redirect" title="Talijanski">talijanski</a> i <a href="/wiki/Retoromanski" class="mw-redirect" title="Retoromanski">retoromanski</a>), u <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadi</a> (poglavito u pokrajini <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec">Québec</a>) te u bivšim francuskim i belgijskim <a href="/wiki/Kolonija" title="Kolonija">kolonijama</a>. Zbog postojanja različitih standardnih inačica francuski jezik u <a href="/wiki/Sociolingvistika" title="Sociolingvistika">sociolingvistici</a> se klasificira kao <a href="/wiki/Policentri%C4%8Dni_standardni_jezik" title="Policentrični standardni jezik">policentrični standardni jezik</a>. Njime se koristi 90 milijuna ljudi kao materinskim jezikom i preko 210 milijuna kao drugim jezikom. Stoga je sa sveukupno više od 300 milijuna <a href="/wiki/Frankofonija" title="Frankofonija">frankofona</a> 2018. godine po brojnosti govornika na petome mjestu u svijetu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikacija">Klasifikacija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Klasifikacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Klasifikacija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francuski je dio skupine romanskih jezika, grane <a href="/wiki/Italski_jezici" title="Italski jezici">italskih jezika</a> koji su se razvili iz <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">latinskoga</a>. Uže pripada <a href="/wiki/Galoromanski_jezici" title="Galoromanski jezici">galoromanskim jezicima</a>. Galoromanski se jezik u <a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">srednjem vijeku</a> podijelio na <i><a href="/wiki/Langue_d%27o%C3%AFl" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue d&#39;oïl">langue d'oïl</a></i> (oilski jezici) na sjeveru i <i><a href="/wiki/Okcitanski_jezici" title="Okcitanski jezici">langue d'oc</a></i> na jugu. Imena su dobili prema potvrdnoj <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestice_(vrsta_rije%C4%8Di)" title="Čestice (vrsta riječi)">čestici</a> ('da') koja se u francuskom od izvornog latinskog <i>hoc ille</i>, preko <a href="/wiki/Starofrancuski_jezik" title="Starofrancuski jezik">starofrancuskog</a> <i>o il</i>, razvila su današnje <i>oui</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jedan od oilskih jezika bio je francijski ili <i>francien</i> (moderno ime) i govorio se u <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></i>. Iz njega se razvila naddijalektalna koine,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a iz nje moderni standardni francuski. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijesni_razvoj">Povijesni razvoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijesni razvoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijesni razvoj"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francuska povijest dijeli se više s obzirom na sociopolitičke nego jezične promjene na sljedeća razdoblja:<sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>galoromansko: od kraja 5. do sredine 9. stoljeća</li> <li>rano starofrancusko: od sredine 9. do 11. stoljeća</li> <li>kasno starofrancusko: od kraja 11. do početka 14. stoljeća</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srednjovjekovni_francuski_jezik" title="Srednjovjekovni francuski jezik">srednjofrancusko</a>: u 14., 15. i 16. stoljeću</li> <li>moderno francusko: od 17. stoljeća do danas.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rimsko_razdoblje">Rimsko razdoblje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Rimsko razdoblje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rimsko razdoblje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rimljani su teritorij današnje Francuske, Belgije, Njemačke sve do <a href="/wiki/Rajna" title="Rajna">Rajne</a> i Švicarske od <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeneva" title="Ženeva">Ženeve</a> do <a href="/wiki/Bodensko_jezero" title="Bodensko jezero">Bodenskoga jezera</a> uključivali u <a href="/wiki/Transalpinska_Galija" class="mw-redirect" title="Transalpinska Galija">Transalpinsku Galiju</a> (<i>Gallia Transalpina</i>), za razliku od <a href="/wiki/Cisalpinska_Galija" title="Cisalpinska Galija">Cispalpinske Galije</a> (<i>Gallia Cisalpina</i>) u današnjoj sjevernoj Italiji.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>So kraja <a href="/wiki/2._stolje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="2. stoljeće pr. Kr.">drugog stoljeća prije Krista</a> Rimljani su kontrolirali <a href="/wiki/Sredozemlje" title="Sredozemlje">sredozemno</a> područje od <a href="/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe">Alpa</a> prvotno do <a href="/wiki/Rona" class="mw-redirect" title="Rona">Rone</a>, a kasnije do <a href="/wiki/Pireneji" title="Pireneji">Pireneja</a>. Tuda su prolazile važne rimske ceste: <i>Via Domitia</i> i <i>Via Aurelia</i>. Područje je zvano <i>Provincia Narbonensis</i>, uglavnom jednostavno <i>Provincia</i> odakle dolazi moderno ime <i>Provence</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gale se u tom razdoblju mirno romaniziralo do <a href="/wiki/Gaj_Julije_Cezar" title="Gaj Julije Cezar">Cezarove</a> kampanje u Galiji kada je do 51. prije Krista uspješno pokorio <a href="/wiki/Akvitanci" title="Akvitanci">Akvitance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelti" title="Kelti">Kelte</a> i <a href="/wiki/Belgi" title="Belgi">Belge</a>. Po osvajanju latinizacija Galā dobila je na snazi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Caesar%27s_Campaigns_in_Gaul,_1st_century_BC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Caesar%27s_Campaigns_in_Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.png/220px-Caesar%27s_Campaigns_in_Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Caesar%27s_Campaigns_in_Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.png/330px-Caesar%27s_Campaigns_in_Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Caesar%27s_Campaigns_in_Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.png/440px-Caesar%27s_Campaigns_in_Gaul%2C_1st_century_BC.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galski_ratovi" title="Galski ratovi">Galski ratovi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Galski je opstao u Galiji do petog,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> moguće i do šestog, a po nekima i devetoga stoljeća,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dok je <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grčki</a> preživio do šestoga u <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anstvo" title="Kršćanstvo">kršćanskom</a> bogoslužju.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> U ruralnim područjima izdržao je dulje negoli u gradovima. Galske posuđenice u francuski uglavnom su povezane s lokalnim i kućanskim pojmovima ukazujući na spor prodor latinskog u te domene: <i>char</i> 'kola', <i>charrue</i> 'plug', <i>bouleau</i> 'breza', <i>chêne</i> 'hrast', <i>ruche</i> 'košnica'...<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keltskog su podrijetla i imena mnogih mjesta od riječi <i>-dunum</i> ('planina', <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Verdun (stranica ne postoji)">Verdun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>), <i>-duros</i> ('tvrđava', <a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a>), <i>briga</i> ('tvrđava', <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deneuvres&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deneuvres (stranica ne postoji)">Deneuvres</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denevre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Denevre (stranica ne postoji)">Denevre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escaudoeuvres&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Escaudoeuvres (stranica ne postoji)">Escaudoeuvres</a>), <i>magos</i> ('polje', <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>) te sufiksima -ācum (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aubigny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aubigny (stranica ne postoji)">Aubigny</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clichy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clichy (stranica ne postoji)">Clichy</a>; na jugu je očuvano kao -ac: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armagnac&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Armagnac (stranica ne postoji)">Armagnac</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cognac&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cognac (stranica ne postoji)">Cognac</a>) i -oialum (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bailleul&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bailleul (stranica ne postoji)">Bailleul</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Imena velikih francuskih rijeka također su često naslijeđena: <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>, Rhône, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Allier (stranica ne postoji)">Allier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%C3%B4ne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saône (stranica ne postoji)">Saône</a>...<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Latinski je jezik kojim se govorilo u Galiji bio obilježen lokalnim oblicima i sam podijeljen u dijalekte. Važno je napomenuti da govoreni jezik u cijelome Carstvu postojao na spektru od finoga jezika književnosti (klasičnoga latinskog) do kolokvijalnih govora ranije zvanih <a href="/wiki/Vulgarni_latinski_jezik" title="Vulgarni latinski jezik">vulgarnim latinitetom</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galoromanski_jezik">Galoromanski jezik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Galoromanski jezik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Galoromanski jezik"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Galoromanski_jezici" title="Galoromanski jezici">Galoromanski jezici</a></div></i></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gallo-Romance_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gallo-Romance_languages.svg/220px-Gallo-Romance_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gallo-Romance_languages.svg/330px-Gallo-Romance_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gallo-Romance_languages.svg/440px-Gallo-Romance_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galoromanski_jezici" title="Galoromanski jezici">Galoromanski jezici</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kako se Rimsko Carstvo polako raspadalo, tako su rubni teritoriji gubili latinski jezik. <a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">Germanska plemena</a> probila su granice slabo čuvane Galije. Jugozapadom su prošli <a href="/wiki/Vizigoti" class="mw-redirect" title="Vizigoti">Vizigoti</a> sa središtem u tadašnjem <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouseu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundi" title="Burgundi">Burgundi</a> su zaposjeli dolinu rijeka Rhône i Saône, a <a href="/wiki/Franci" title="Franci">Franci</a> su u velikom broju zauzeli sjever: Artois, <a href="/wiki/Pikardija" title="Pikardija">Pikardiju</a> i današnju Belgiju. Potomci ovih Franaka proširili su vlast na čitavu Galiju.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jug je ostao više-manje rimski s rimskim zakonom i administracijom iako pod Germanima. </p><p>Franci ipak nisu bili potpuni barbari i poznavali su rimski način života, a kralj <a href="/wiki/Klodvig_I." title="Klodvig I.">Klodvig</a> pokrstio se <a href="/wiki/496." title="496.">496.</a> godine. U vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Merovinzi" title="Merovinzi">merovinške dinastije</a> koju je uspostavio Klodvig pojavila se ideja <a href="/wiki/Frana%C4%8Dka" title="Franačka">Franačkoga Kraljevstva</a> (<i>regnum Francorum</i>, <i>Francia</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karlo_Veliki" title="Karlo Veliki">Karlo Veliki</a> sljedeće, <a href="/wiki/Karolinzi" title="Karolinzi">karolinške dinastije</a> 732. osvojio je <a href="/wiki/Nova_Akvitanija" title="Nova Akvitanija">Akvitaniju</a> i <a href="/wiki/Provansa" title="Provansa">Provansu</a>. </p><p>Franci nisu nametnuli <a href="/wiki/Romanizirani_Gali" title="Romanizirani Gali">Galorimljanima</a> svoj jezik (osim u <a href="/wiki/Flandrija" title="Flandrija">Flandriji</a> i lijevo od Rajne gdje se i danas rabe germanski govori). Kako su se asimilirali, Franci su dali galoromanskim govorima mnoge riječi, često povezane s <a href="/wiki/Feudalizam" title="Feudalizam">feudalizmom</a> i srednjovjekovnim ratovanjem, ali i sasvim uobičajene riječi i apstraktne pojmove.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Posuđivanjem riječi neki sufiksi prihvaćeni su za tvorbu novih riječi: franački sufiks <i>-ing</i> dao je starofrancuski <i>-enc</i>, a sufiksi <i>-hart</i> i <i>-wait</i> starofrancuske <i>-art</i> i <i>-aut</i> (moderni <i>-ard</i> i <i>-aud</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Posuđenice su dovele i nove glasove, tako da je /<a href="/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dni_velarni_frikativ" title="Bezvučni velarni frikativ">x</a>/, prikazivano u pismu slovom h koje se u izvorno latinskim riječima više nije izgovaralo, opet pojavilo. Kasnije je opet nestalo ali ostavilo je traga u <i>liaisonu</i> (vidjeti poglavlje o fonologiji). </p><p>Neki smatraju da je kontakt s jezikom poprilično drukčije gramatike doprinio propadanju izvorne latinske <a href="/wiki/Morfologija_(jezikoslovlje)" title="Morfologija (jezikoslovlje)">morfologije</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl_et_Croissant.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl_et_Croissant.png/242px-Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl_et_Croissant.png" decoding="async" width="242" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl_et_Croissant.png/363px-Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl_et_Croissant.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl_et_Croissant.png/484px-Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl_et_Croissant.png 2x" data-file-width="1553" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption><i>Langues d'oïl</i> i <i>croissant</i> (prijelazni govor) na jugu</figcaption></figure> <p>Pisani je jezik ostao latinski, ali norme klasičnoga jezika zaboravljale su se u korist govorenih varijeteta. Neke promjene koje su se probile u pisani jezik iz govorenog uključuju: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epenteza&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Epenteza (stranica ne postoji)">epentezu</a> /i/ ispred /<a href="/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dni_alveolarni_frikativ" title="Bezvučni alveolarni frikativ">s</a>/ na početku riječi kada slijedi drugi suglasnik (<i>iscola</i>, <i>isprerare</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinkopa_(jezikoslovlje)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinkopa (jezikoslovlje) (stranica ne postoji)">sinkopu</a>, posebno u proparoksitonama gdje iza naglašenog sloga dolaze dva kratka nenaglašena (<i>positus</i> &gt; <i>postus</i>, <i>dominus</i> &gt; <i>domnus</i>), gubitak završnih /<a href="/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dni_velarni_ploziv" title="Bezvučni velarni ploziv">k</a>/ i /<a href="/wiki/Bilabijalni_nazal" title="Bilabijalni nazal">m</a>/, palatalizaciju...<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kao izvori o jeziku ovoga doba služe <a href="/wiki/Glosar" title="Glosar">glosari</a> i tekstovi na latinskom u kojima se mogu naći tragovi govorenoga jezika. U poznatije izvore na vernakularu pripadaju <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strazbur%C5%A1ke_prisege&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Strazburške prisege (stranica ne postoji)">Strazburške prisege</a></i> (franc.: <i>les serments de Strasbourg</i>, oks.: <i>los Sarments d'Estrasborg</i>) iz <a href="/wiki/842." title="842.">842.</a> koje se smatraju prvim zapisima na francuskom<sup id="cite_ref-:10_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (točna vremenska klasifikacija drži da je to kasni galoromanski, rani starofrancuski).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Najvažnije fonološke promjene koje je jezik prošao prije pojave prvih starofrancuskih tekstova uključuju potpunu sinkopu u proparoksitonama, gubitak završnog nenaglašenog samoglasnika i diftongizaciju naglašenih samoglasnika (postaju <a href="/wiki/Dvoglas" title="Dvoglas">dvoglasi</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starofrancuski_jezik">Starofrancuski jezik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Starofrancuski jezik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Starofrancuski jezik"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Starofrancuski_jezik" title="Starofrancuski jezik">Starofrancuski jezik</a></div></i></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Oaths_of_Strasbourg_Pt._2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oaths_of_Strasbourg_Pt._2.png/246px-Oaths_of_Strasbourg_Pt._2.png" decoding="async" width="246" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oaths_of_Strasbourg_Pt._2.png/369px-Oaths_of_Strasbourg_Pt._2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oaths_of_Strasbourg_Pt._2.png/492px-Oaths_of_Strasbourg_Pt._2.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption><i>Strazburške prisege</i></figcaption></figure> <p>U vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Prvi_kri%C5%BEarski_rat" title="Prvi križarski rat">Prvoga križarskog rata</a> 1095. južnjake se naziva Provansalcima s obzirom na to da su sjeverni i južni govori već bili različiti, termine <i>lingua d'oïl</i> i <i>lingua d'oc</i> spominje se tek 1291., a kasnije ih rabi i <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a>. Čini se da su imena postojala i ranije.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Treba napomenuti da granice jezika i dijalekata nisu čiste i postoji puno prijelaznih oblika. Znanstvenici dogovorno uzimaju retenciju (očuvanje) naglašenog /a/ u svim pozicijama kao obilježje okcitanskog. U oilskim jezicima ono postaje /<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poluotvoreni_prednji_nezaobljeni_samoglasnik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poluotvoreni prednji nezaobljeni samoglasnik (stranica ne postoji)">ɛ</a>/ ili /<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poluzatvoreni_prednji_nezaobljeni_samoglasnik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poluzatvoreni prednji nezaobljeni samoglasnik (stranica ne postoji)">e</a>/ u mnogim slučajevima: latinski <i>m<b>ā</b>trem</i> postaje francuski <i>m<b>è</b>re</i> /m<b>ɛ</b>ʁ/, a <i>cant<b>ā</b>re</i> daje moderno <i>chant<b>e</b>r</i> /ʃɑ̃.t<b>e</b>/. </p><p>Poseban su slučaj govori <a href="/wiki/Frankoprovansalski_jezik" title="Frankoprovansalski jezik">frankoprovansalskog</a> koji su odvojeni od obiju grupa.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Utjecaj na ovu podjelu neki pripisuju galskomu <a href="/wiki/Supstrat_(jezikoslovlje)" title="Supstrat (jezikoslovlje)">supstratu</a> (jezik pokorenih Galā), a drugi germanskomu <a href="/wiki/Superstrat_(jezikoslovlje)" title="Superstrat (jezikoslovlje)">superstratu</a> (jeziku Germanskih napadača). Ipak, velike promjene na sjeveru uzrokovane su dobrim dijelom njegovom odvojenošću od ostatka rimskoga svijeta, a potom germanskim migracijama.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Do 12. stoljeća počinje se pojavljivati veći broj djela pisanih vernakularnim jezikom, to jest raznim oilskim jezicima. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a> u 1260-ima razlikuje četiri inačice oilskoga: <a href="/wiki/Pikardijski_jezik" title="Pikardijski jezik">pikardijski</a>, normanski, <a href="/wiki/Burgundski_jezik" title="Burgundski jezik">burgundski</a> i pariški. </p><p>Na sjeverozapadu je u upotrebi pikardijski, u <a href="/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska">Engleskoj</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglonormanski_jezik" title="Anglonormanski jezik">anglonormanski francuski</a>, a u Île-de-France rabio se francijski (<i>francien</i>). Pikardijski, normanski i šampanjski razvili su književne jezike još u 11. i 12. stoljeću. Francijski se počeo zapisivati u 13. stoljeću, ali na ostale je dijalekte utjecao i stoljeće ranije iako su drugi bili prestižniji.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Od dvanaestoga stoljeća nadalje od njega će se, uz dodatke iz drugih dijalekata, razvijati moderni standardni francuski.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>U vrijeme starofrancuskog oblikovan je sustav s dvama <a href="/wiki/Pade%C5%BE" title="Padež">padežima</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nominativ" title="Nominativ">nominativom</a> koji se upotrebljavao samo za subjekt glagola i <a href="/wiki/Akuzativ" title="Akuzativ">akuzativom</a> koji se rabio za sve ostalo), dvama brojevima (<a href="/wiki/Jednina" title="Jednina">jednina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mno%C5%BEina" title="Množina">množina</a>) te trima <a href="/wiki/Sklonidba" title="Sklonidba">deklinacijama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>U trinaestome stoljeću nastali su /<a href="/wiki/Palatalni_aproksimant" title="Palatalni aproksimant">j</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_labijalizirani_velarni_aproksimant" title="Zvučni labijalizirani velarni aproksimant">w</a>/ i /<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvu%C4%8Dni_labijalizirani_palatalni_aproksimant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zvučni labijalizirani palatalni aproksimant (stranica ne postoji)">ɥ</a>/ koji i danas postoje, a originalni /<a href="/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dna_alveolarna_afrikata" title="Bezvučna alveolarna afrikata">t͡s</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dna_postalveolarna_afrikata" title="Bezvučna postalveolarna afrikata">t͡ʃ</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dna_alveolarna_afrikata" title="Zvučna alveolarna afrikata">d͡z</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dna_postalveolarna_afrikata" title="Zvučna postalveolarna afrikata">d͡ʒ</a>/ postali su /<a href="/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dni_alveolarni_frikativ" title="Bezvučni alveolarni frikativ">s</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_alveolarni_frikativ" title="Zvučni alveolarni frikativ">z</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dni_postalveolarni_frikativ" title="Bezvučni postalveolarni frikativ">ʃ</a>/, /<a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_postalveolarni_frikativ" title="Zvučni postalveolarni frikativ">ʒ</a>/.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Srednjofrancuski_jezik">Srednjofrancuski jezik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Srednjofrancuski jezik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Srednjofrancuski jezik"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Srednjovjekovni_francuski_jezik" title="Srednjovjekovni francuski jezik">Srednjovjekovni francuski jezik</a></div></i></div><p>Srednjofrancuski jezik odnosi se na razdoblje od sredine 14. do 17. stoljeća, otprilike označeno početkom <a href="/wiki/Stogodi%C5%A1nji_rat" title="Stogodišnji rat">Stogodišnjeg rata</a> <a href="/wiki/1337." title="1337.">1337.</a> i krajem <a href="/wiki/Hugenotski_ratovi" title="Hugenotski ratovi">Francuskih religioznih ratova</a> 1598. godine. Označuje razdoblje kada je francuski prošao kroz mnoge promjene postajući jasno odijeljen standard. </p><p>U 14. i 15. stoljeću jedinstveni pisani i književni jezik na osnovici francijskog širio se Francuskom te polako istiskivao lokalne govore kako se širila moć francuskih kraljeva.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naredbom Villers-Cotterêtsa iz 15. kolovoza 1539. kralja <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vi%C3%A8te" title="François Viète">Françoisa I.</a> francuski je uspostavljen kao jedini službeni jezik u <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavna_uprava" title="Državna uprava">administrativnim</a> dokumentima kako bi se olakšala komunikacija. Iako u početku samo u administraciji, u kasnome srednjovjekovlju francuski se izdvojio kao jezik edukacije od uspostave <i><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a></i> 1530. godine.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>U vrijeme srednjofrancuskog nestao je sustav dvaju padeža, a fonologiju je označilo pojednostavljenje starih dvoglasa. U ovo vrijeme dogodile su se mnoge promjene koje su označile moderni jezik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderni_francuski">Moderni francuski</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Moderni francuski" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Moderni francuski"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francuski je počeo zamjenjivati lokalne dijalekte i s vremenom se istaknuo kao <i>pravilan</i> jezik<i>.</i> U 17. i 18. proširio se europskim <a href="/wiki/Plemstvo" title="Plemstvo">plemstvom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pu%C4%8Danstvo" title="Pučanstvo">građanstvom</a> kao jezik kulture, a prestižan status jezika <a href="/wiki/Diplomacija" title="Diplomacija">diplomacije</a> ostat će mu do <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugoga svjetskog rata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>U 17. i 18. stoljeću još je bio rezerviran za elitu (te stanovnike Pariza i okolice koji opet nisu govorili standardnim <i>čistim</i> jezikom). Većina države bila je ruralna živeći u malenim zajednicama koje nisu bile u prevelikom kontaktu s ostatkom svijeta. Jezik se polako širio iz viših slojeva u niže, prvo među pripadnicima viših klasa koji su željeli biti poput pariške elite.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ipak, tek je u 19. stoljeću uspostavljen u čitavoj Francuskoj.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolonijalno_širenje"><span id="Kolonijalno_.C5.A1irenje"></span>Kolonijalno širenje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Kolonijalno širenje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kolonijalno širenje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Francusko_carstvo" title="Francusko carstvo">Francusko carstvo</a></div></i></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:131Etendue_de_l%27Empire_Fran%C3%A7ais.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/131Etendue_de_l%27Empire_Fran%C3%A7ais.png/311px-131Etendue_de_l%27Empire_Fran%C3%A7ais.png" decoding="async" width="311" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/131Etendue_de_l%27Empire_Fran%C3%A7ais.png/467px-131Etendue_de_l%27Empire_Fran%C3%A7ais.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/131Etendue_de_l%27Empire_Fran%C3%A7ais.png/622px-131Etendue_de_l%27Empire_Fran%C3%A7ais.png 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Zemljovid Francuskoga Kolonijalnoga carstva</figcaption></figure> <p>Francusko Kolonijalno Carstvo nastajalo je od 17. stoljeća (to jest od <a href="/wiki/Velika_geografska_otkri%C4%87a" title="Velika geografska otkrića">otkrićā</a> u 16. stoljeću), a raspalo se do kraja 20. stoljeća. Prostiralo se dobrim dijelom <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Afrika" title="Sjeverna Afrika">sjevera</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zapadna_Afrika" title="Zapadna Afrika">zapada</a> <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oceanija" title="Oceanija">Oceanijom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indijski_ocean" title="Indijski ocean">Indijskim Oceanom</a>. </p><p>Naredba Villers-Cotterêtsa vrijedila je za sve posjede Francuske, pa tako i za <a href="/wiki/Kolonija" title="Kolonija">kolonije</a>, a prvi dokaz širenja naredbe u afričkim kolonijama jest iz 1826. godine pri uspostavljanju djevojačke škole u <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Senegal" title="Saint-Louis, Senegal">Saint-Louisu</a> u <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegalu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uporaba afričkih lokalnih jezika bila je zabranjena u školstvu i administraciji jer su sprečavali kulturnu <a href="/wiki/Asimilacija_(sociologija)" title="Asimilacija (sociologija)">asimilaciju</a> afričke populacije u francusku.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderni_status">Moderni status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Moderni status" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Moderni status"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iako je drugi po broju govornika među romanskim jezicima (iza <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panjolski_jezik" title="Španjolski jezik">španjolskog</a>), francuski jezik je i dalje, geopolitički gledano, jedan od najznačajnijih jezika. I dok je još u 19. stoljeću (i na početku 20. stoljeća) uživao status glavnog svjetskog jezika,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tijekom 20. stoljeća francuski je drastično izgubio na važnosti, do te razine da ga se katkada zna svoditi samo na jezik kulture i diplomacije. </p><p>Međutim, osnivanjem i djelovanjem <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_organizacija_Frankofonije" class="mw-redirect" title="Međunarodna organizacija Frankofonije"><i>Međunarodne organizacije Frankofonije</i></a> (<i>L'Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie</i>) (kraće: <i>Frankofonija</i> ili <i>la Francophonie</i>), različitim vrstama suradnje <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuske</a> i <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgije</a> s bivšim kolonijama, promoviranjem francuskoga u svijetu, te prije svega brzim demografskim rastom velikog broja zemalja članica <a href="/wiki/Frankofonija" title="Frankofonija">Frankofonije</a> i opismenjivanjem stanovništva u istima (pretežno onima smještenima u Africi; poglavito zemlje <a href="/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb">Magreba</a>, ali i druge, u kojima je francuski obično jedan od službenih jezika) trend stagnacije francuskog je zaustavljen, pa se u posljednjih par desetljeća mogu primijetiti posve drukčija kretanja. </p><p>Prema podatcima iz 2022. godine, francuski jezik uči 132 milijuna ljudi u svijetu.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prema OIF-u, francuskim jezikom je 2022. godine u svijetu govorilo oko 321 milijun ljudi.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Od toga ga oko 255 milijuna koristi kao jezik svakodnevice.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Od toga broja 47,4&#160;% se odnosi na <a href="/wiki/Supsaharska_Afrika" title="Supsaharska Afrika">supsaharsku Afriku</a>, 31,2&#160;% na <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europu</a>, 14,6&#160;% na Sjevernu Afriku i <a href="/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok">Bliski Istok</a>, 6,6&#160;% na Sjevernu i Južnu Ameriku te <a href="/wiki/Karibi" title="Karibi">Karibe</a>, a 0,3&#160;% na <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Aziju</a> (bez Bliskog Istoka) i <a href="/wiki/Oceanija" title="Oceanija">Oceaniju</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rasprostranjenost">Rasprostranjenost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Rasprostranjenost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rasprostranjenost"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/313px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="313" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/470px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/626px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Francuski jezik u svijetu: – tamnoplavo: materinski jezik – plavo: administrativni jezik – svijetloplavo: jezik kulture – zeleno: frankofone manjine.</figcaption></figure> <p>Francuski je službenim jezik 39 zemalja, a njime se govori u još njih osam. Izvor mu je <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska">Švicarska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a>) i raznim državama koje su bile dio njezina kolonijalnoga carstva u <a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Americi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>), <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Africi</a> (<a href="/wiki/DR_Kongo" class="mw-redirect" title="DR Kongo">DR Kongo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obala_Bjelokosti" title="Obala Bjelokosti">Obala Bjelokosti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srednjoafri%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Srednjoafrička Republika">Srednjoafrička Republika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>...), <a href="/wiki/Oceanija" title="Oceanija">Oceaniji</a> (<a href="/wiki/Francuska_Polinezija" title="Francuska Polinezija">Francuska Polinezija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Kaledonija" title="Nova Kaledonija">Nova Kaledonija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>...), <a href="/wiki/Karibi" title="Karibi">Karibima</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinik" title="Martinik">Martinik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djevi%C4%8Danski_otoci" title="Djevičanski otoci">Djevičanski Otoci</a>....) te <a href="/wiki/Indijski_ocean" title="Indijski ocean">Indijskome Oceanu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mauricijus" title="Mauricijus">Mauricijus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sej%C5%A1eli" title="Sejšeli">Sejšeli</a>...).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Francuska">Francuska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Francuska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Francuska"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U Francuskoj je uglavnom zamijenio lokalne oilske jezike u sjevernoj i središnjoj Francuskoj, a na jugu je smanjio pojavnost oksitanskog.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Ferry&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Ferry (stranica ne postoji)">Jules Ferry</a> uspostavio je 1882. besplatno <a href="/wiki/Sekularizam" title="Sekularizam">sekularno</a> obrazovanje u Francuskoj usto zabranjujući uporabu lokalnih jezika u školstvu. Zbog <a href="/wiki/Unitarizam" title="Unitarizam">unitarističke</a> politike dugo nijedan jezik nije imao status u francuskome školstvu i upravi. </p><p>Od druge polovice 20. stoljeća Francuska se polako otvara lokalnim jezicima. Godine 1951. katalog ozakonjenih malih jezika sastojao se od četiriju jezika (<a href="/wiki/Bretonski_jezik" title="Bretonski jezik">bretonskog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baskijski_jezik" title="Baskijski jezik">baskijskog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katalonski_jezik" title="Katalonski jezik">katalonskog</a> i okcitanskog), a 1974. dodan je <a href="/wiki/Korzi%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Korzički jezik">korzički</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tahi%C4%87anski_jezik" title="Tahićanski jezik">Tahićanski</a> je ušao 1981., a 1994. i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alza%C5%A1ki_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alzaški jezik (stranica ne postoji)">alzaški</a>. Te godine popis je uključivao 11 jezika, s tim da se pod <i>créole</i> podrazumijeva više <a href="/wiki/Kreolski_jezici" title="Kreolski jezici">kreolskih jezika</a>, to su bili: bretonski, baskijski, katalonski, okcitanski, tahićanski, alzaški, <i>kreolski</i>, <a href="/wiki/Flamanski_jezik" title="Flamanski jezik">flamanski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallo (stranica ne postoji)">gallo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pikardski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pikardski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">pikardski</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poatevenski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poatevenski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">poatevenski</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Danas se na tome popisu nalazi i <a href="/wiki/Frankoprovansalski_jezik" title="Frankoprovansalski jezik">frankoprovansalski</a> te razni oilski jezici. Godine 2008. ovi su jezici upisani u ustav.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Govornici oilskih jezika, ali i dijalekata francuskoga, ipak su još uvijek izloženi stigmatizaciji i neprihvaćanju. Sudbina mnogih regionalnih i imigrantskih jezika vrlo je nesigurna, a tolerira ih se samo u specifičnim uvjetima. Francuska je još uvijek, unatoč nekim promjenama, jedna od u jezičnome smislu najcentraliziraniji država svijeta.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerika">Amerika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Amerika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Amerika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U Kanadi je, uz <a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engleski</a>, francuski ravnopravan službeni jezik. Svaki stanovnik ima pravo na njemu dobiti informacije u svim državnim tijelima te njime komunicirati.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Osim toga, posebna inačica francuskoga razvila u <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiani</a> u <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">SAD</a>-u. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Akadijski_francuski" title="Akadijski francuski">Akadijski francuski</a> rabi se u kanadskim atlantskim provincijama, a manje u <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec">Québecu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maineu</a> (SAD).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebe%C4%8Dki_francuski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebečki francuski (stranica ne postoji)">Kebečki (kvebečki) francuski</a> rabi se u Québecu, a od pariškoga francuskog divergira od 18. stoljeća zbog izolacije i utjecaja engleskoga. U svakodnevnoj je uporabi u više od četiri petine populacije Québeca.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>U južnoj <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiani</a> upotrebljava se <a href="/wiki/Kajunski_jezik" title="Kajunski jezik">kajunski francuski</a> gdje su ga doveli francuski i akadijski doseljenici.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afrika">Afrika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Afrika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abidjanski_francuski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abidjanski francuski (stranica ne postoji)">Abidjanski francuski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Obala_Bjelokosti" title="Obala Bjelokosti">Obala Bjelokosti</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magrepski_francuski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Magrepski francuski (stranica ne postoji)">Magrepski francuski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Afrika" title="Sjeverna Afrika">Sjeverna Afrika</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azija_i_Oceanija">Azija i Oceanija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Azija i Oceanija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Azija i Oceanija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indijski_francuski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indijski francuski (stranica ne postoji)">Indijski francuski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indija</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kambod%C5%BEanski_francuski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kambodžanski francuski (stranica ne postoji)">Kambodžanski francuski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa" title="Kambodža">Kambodža</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laoski_francuski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laoski francuski (stranica ne postoji)">Laoski francuski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novokaledonijski_francuski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Novokaledonijski francuski (stranica ne postoji)">Novokaledonijski francuski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nova_Kaledonija" title="Nova Kaledonija">Nova Kaledonija</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijetnamski_francuski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijetnamski francuski (stranica ne postoji)">Vijetnamski francuski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vijetnam" title="Vijetnam">Vijetnam</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kreolski_jezici">Kreolski jezici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Kreolski jezici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kreolski jezici"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Kreolski_jezici_temeljeni_na_francuskom_jeziku" title="Kreolski jezici temeljeni na francuskom jeziku">Kreolski jezici temeljeni na francuskom jeziku</a></div></i></div><p>Na francuskome se jeziku temelji mnogo <a href="/wiki/Kreolski_jezici" title="Kreolski jezici">kreolskih jezika</a> zbog njegove kolonijalne povijesti. Uglavnom su nastali između 16. i 19. stoljeća u francuskim kolonijama gdje su u kontakt došli francuski jezik te raznoliki jezici robova i, rijetko, domaćih populacija. Leksik im je uglavnom francuskoga podrijetla, ali fonologija i gramatika temelje se i na francuskome i na jezicima izvornih robova.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Primjeri su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antilski_kreolski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antilski kreolski (stranica ne postoji)">antilski kreolski</a> (na <a href="/wiki/Mali_Antili" title="Mali Antili">Malim Antilima</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hai%C4%87anski_kreolski" class="mw-redirect" title="Haićanski kreolski">haićanski kreolski</a> (na <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haitiju</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karipunski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karipunski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">karipunski</a> (u <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mauricijski_kreolski" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauricijski kreolski">mauricijski kreolski</a> (na <a href="/wiki/Mauricijus" title="Mauricijus">Mauricijusu</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michif (stranica ne postoji)">michif</a> (u središnjoj <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadi</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luizijanski_kreolski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luizijanski kreolski (stranica ne postoji)">luizijanski kreolski</a> (u saveznoj državi <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiani</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reunionski_kreolski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reunionski kreolski (stranica ne postoji)">reunionski kreolski</a> (na <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunionu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sej%C5%A1elski_kreolski" title="Sejšelski kreolski">sejšelski kreolski</a> (na <a href="/wiki/Sej%C5%A1eli" title="Sejšeli">Sejšelima</a>) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A2y_B%E1%BB%93i&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tây Bồi (stranica ne postoji)">Tay Boi</a> ili Tây Bồi (u <a href="/wiki/Vijetnam" title="Vijetnam">Vijetnamu</a>) te drugi.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radi se o odvojenim jezicima koje ne treba miješati s varijantama francuskoga jezika: kreolski su jezici izdvojeni od francuskoga svojom fonologijom, gramatikom i leksikom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologija">Fonologija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Fonologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Fonologija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francuski jezik poznat je po <a href="/wiki/Nazalizacija" title="Nazalizacija">nazalnim samoglasnicima</a> i guturalnome <i>r</i>. Za francuski su također specifični procesi <i>liaison</i> i <i>enchaînement</i> koji se pojavljuju u izgovoru. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanti">Konsonanti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Uredi odlomak: Konsonanti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Konsonanti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Uvular_rhotics_in_Europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Uvular_rhotics_in_Europe.png/220px-Uvular_rhotics_in_Europe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Uvular_rhotics_in_Europe.png/330px-Uvular_rhotics_in_Europe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Uvular_rhotics_in_Europe.png/440px-Uvular_rhotics_in_Europe.png 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Raširenost guturalnog r u Europi sredinom 20. stoljeća<p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:#8A7248;color:#8A7248;">██</span>&#160;neuobičajeno</p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:#A88A8E;color:#A88A8E;">██</span>&#160;samo u govoru nekih obrazovanih</p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:#B893CB;color:#B893CB;">██</span>&#160;često u govoru obrazovanih</p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:#73488A;color:#73488A;">██</span>&#160;većinom</p></figcaption></figure> <p>Ovdje je tablica svih <a href="/wiki/Suglasnik" title="Suglasnik">konsonantskih</a> <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonema</a> francuskoga s vrijednostima <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_fonetska_abeceda" title="Međunarodna fonetska abeceda">IPA-e</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>Labijalni </th> <th>Dentalni/ <p>Alveolarni </p> </th> <th>Postalveolarni </th> <th>Palatalni </th> <th>Velarni i uvularni </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazal (stranica ne postoji)">Nazali</a> </th> <td>m </td> <td>n </td> <td> </td> <td>ɲ </td> <td>(ŋ) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ploziv" class="mw-redirect" title="Ploziv">Ploziv</a> </th> <th>bezvučni </th> <td>p </td> <td>t </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>k </td></tr> <tr> <th>zvučni </th> <td>b </td> <td>d </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>g </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Frikativ" class="mw-redirect" title="Frikativ">Frikativ</a> </th> <th>bezvučni </th> <td>f </td> <td>s </td> <td>ʃ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>zvučni </th> <td>v </td> <td>z </td> <td>ʒ </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2">ʁ </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Aproksimant </th> <th>ostali </th> <td> </td> <td>l </td> <td> </td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <th>labijal. </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ɥ </td> <td>w </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Napomene: </p> <ul><li>trenutačan je trend u francuskome da se /ɲ/ počinje izgovarati kao [nj]<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>glas /ŋ/ ne pojavljuje se u izvorno francuskim riječima, nego u posuđenicama kao što su camping, kung-fu, smoking;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> neki govornici izgovaraju ga kao skup [ŋg] ili ga zamijene glasom /ɲ/<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, može se smatrati posebnim fonemom u meridionalskome francuskom (govoru <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseillea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignona</a> i <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulousea</a>), primjerice <i>pain</i> /pɛŋ/ 'kruh' i <i>penne</i> /pɛn/ '(veliko) pero'</li> <li>aproksimanti /j, ɥ, w/ odgovaraju zatvorenim vokalima /i, y, u/: iako postoje neki minimalni parovi (kao što su loua /lua/ 'posudio/la je' i loi /lwa/ 'zakon'), u većini slučajeva u slobodnoj su varijaciji<sup id="cite_ref-:22_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>u belgijskome francuskom može se dogoditi da se /ɥ/ pomiješa s /w/ ili /y/<sup>&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Navo%C4%91enje_izvora" title="Wikipedija:Navođenje izvora">nedostaje izvor</a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li>neki dijalekti zadržavaju palatalni lateral /ʎ/ (slično hrvatskom lj), ali u modernome standardu izjednačio se sa /j/<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>francuski glas r ima mnogo različitih načina na koje se može izgovarati: uvularni frikativ [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvu%C4%8Dni_uvularni_frikativ&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zvučni uvularni frikativ (stranica ne postoji)">ʁ</a>] ili aproksimant [ʁ̞], uvularni vibrant [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvularni_vibrant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvularni vibrant (stranica ne postoji)">ʀ</a>], alveolarni vibrant [<a href="/wiki/Alveolarni_vibrant" title="Alveolarni vibrant">r</a>] ili alveolarni dotačnik [<a href="/wiki/Alveolarni_tap" title="Alveolarni tap">ɾ</a>]; sve ih se prepoznaje kao fonem /r/,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ali [r] i [ɾ] postoje tek dijalektalno; najčešći je izgovor [ʁ] koji onda ima i bezvučni alofon [<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bezvu%C4%8Dni_uvularni_frikativ&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bezvučni uvularni frikativ (stranica ne postoji)">χ</a>] uz bezvučne konsonante</li> <li>velari /k/ i /ɡ/ mogu biti palatalizirani u [kʲ⁓c] i [ɡʲ⁓ɟ] pred /i, e, ɛ/, a s većim varijacijama među govornicima pred /a/,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> glas /k/ na kraju riječi može se također palatalizirati u [kʲ];<sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tradicionalno se palatalizacija povezuje s radničkom klasom,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ali novije studije pokazuju njezino širenje zajednicama velikih gradova<sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokali">Vokali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Uredi odlomak: Vokali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vokali"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:French_vowel_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/French_vowel_chart.svg/220px-French_vowel_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/French_vowel_chart.svg/330px-French_vowel_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/French_vowel_chart.svg/440px-French_vowel_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption>francuski vokali na vokalnome trapezu</figcaption></figure> <p>Francuski je poznat po veliku broju <a href="/wiki/Samoglasnik" title="Samoglasnik">vokalskih</a> fonema, ovdje su prikazani u dvjema tablicama: jednoj za oralne (one koji se izgovaraju tako da zrak izlazi samo kroz usta) i nazalne (kod kojih zrak prolazi i kroz nos). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Prednji </th> <th rowspan="2">Srednji </th> <th rowspan="2">Stražnji </th></tr> <tr> <th>nezaobljeni </th> <th>zaobljeni </th></tr> <tr> <th>Zatvoreni </th> <td>i </td> <td>y </td> <td> </td> <td>u </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poluzatvoreni </th> <td>e </td> <td>ø </td> <td rowspan="2">ə </td> <td>o </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poluotvoreni </th> <td>ɛ (ɛː) </td> <td>œ </td> <td>ɔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>Otvoreni </th> <td>a </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(ɑ) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Prednji </th> <th rowspan="2">Stražnji </th></tr> <tr> <th>nezaobljeni </th> <th>zaobljeni </th></tr> <tr> <th>Poluotvoreni </th> <td>ɛ̃ </td> <td>(œ̃) </td> <td>ɔ̃ </td></tr> <tr> <th>Otvoreni </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ɑ̃ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Dok neki dijalekti razlikuju dugo /ɛː/ i kratko /ɛ/ te prednje /a/ i stražnje /ɑ/, ove razlike izgubile su se u pariškome francuskom gdje ostaju samo /ɛ/ i /a/ koje se izgovara srednje, kao [ä]. Neki dijalekti također čuvaju /œ̃/, ali u pariškome se ono izjednačilo sa /ɛ̃/. </p><p>Tablice zahtijevaju dodatne komentare: </p> <ul><li>u europskome francuskom /ə/, iako je fonološki (dakle u umovima govornika) još uvijek odvojen glas, u izgovoru je najčešće kvalitativno jednak /ø/ ili /œ/.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>u Europi /i, u/ zatvoreni su glasovi,<sup id="cite_ref-:22_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a /y/ se ponekad opisuje kao zatvoreno [y],<sup id="cite_ref-:22_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a ponekad kao gotovo zatvoreno [ʏ]<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>/i, y, u/ postaju /j, ɥ, w/ pred drugim vokalima osim ako prije njih ne stoji skup dvaju konsonanata od kojih je drugi aproksimant</li></ul> <ul><li>poluotvoreni i poluzatvoreni vokali ne razlikuju se u svim kontekstima: /e, ø, o/ pojavljuju se u otvorenim, a /ɛ, œ, ɔ/ u zatvorenim (onim koji završavaju konsonantom); ipak ova pravila ne vrijede uvijek: <ul><li><i>allait</i> [alɛ] i <i>allé</i> [ale]</li> <li><i>jeune</i> [ʒœn] i <i>jeûne</i> [ʒøn]</li> <li><i>roc</i> [ʁɔk] i <i>rauque</i> [ʁok]</li></ul></li> <li>kada se izgovara, većina govornika glas <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0va" class="mw-redirect" title="Šva">šva</a> (/ə/) izgovara kao [œ]<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ili [ɵ]<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (mišljenja istraživača razilaze se), Kibbee &amp; Jenkins (2006.) navode da se pred zatvorenim vokalima, glasovima /j, ɥ, w/ i u naglašenoj poziciji miješa sa /ø/:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>netteté</i> /nɛt<b>ə</b>te/ &gt; [nɛ.t<b>ø</b>.te]; <i>atelier</i> /at<b>ə</b>lje/ &gt; [a.t<b>ø</b>.lje]; <i>dis-le!</i> /di l<b>ə</b>/ &gt; [di.ˈl<b>ø</b>], a u ostalim situacijama sa /œ/; u izgovoru se gubi kada pred jednim suglasnikom: <i>appeler</i> /apəle/ &gt; [ap.le] i kada na kraju riječi: <i>porte</i> /pɔʁtə/ &gt; [pɔʁt] (u nekim se slučajevima ipak nužno izgovara ili ga je moguće izgovoriti opcionalno).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Duljina">Duljina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Uredi odlomak: Duljina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Duljina"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osim razlike između /ɛ/ and /ɛː/ koju neki govornici još poznaju, kao u riječima <i>mettre</i> [mɛtʁ] i <i>maître</i> [mɛːtʁ], razlika u duljini vokala ne postoji kao dio fonologije francuskog. Ipak, u nekim se situacijama vokali <a href="/wiki/Alofon" title="Alofon">alofonično</a> dulje: </p> <ul><li>/o, ø, ɑ/ i svi nazalizirani vokali dulje se pred bilo kojim konsonantom: <i>pâte</i> [pɑːt], <i>chante</i> [ʃɑ̃ːt] ('sings')</li> <li>svi su vokali dugi pred zvučnim frikativom: /v, z, ʒ, ʁ/ (kada ne slijedi drugi zvučni frikativ) i pred skupom /vʁ/: <i>mère</i> [mɛːʁ], <i>crise</i> [kʁiːz], <i>livre</i> [liːvʁ].<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:33_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Naglasak">Naglasak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Uredi odlomak: Naglasak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Naglasak"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naglasak u francuskom uvijek pada na posljednji puni slog riječi (svaki slog koji kao samoglasnik nema glas šva). Jednosložne riječi koje imaju samo šva (<i>ce</i>, <i>de</i>, <i>que</i>...) uglavnom su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klitika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klitika (stranica ne postoji)">klitike</a> (naslanjaju se na druge riječi), ali mogu primiti naglasak.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riječi mogu izgubiti naglasak kada su dio <a href="/wiki/Frazeologija" title="Frazeologija">fraze</a>, obično samo zadnja riječ fraze dobiva naglasak.<sup id="cite_ref-:33_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Francuski se tako odupire slijedu dvaju naglasaka. Svaka jedinica koja dolazi pred jednosložnu jedinicu gubi naglasak: <i>une position clé</i> 'bitan položaj' ima naglasak samo na riječi <i>clé</i>. Svaki slijed gramatički uže povezanih riječi dijeli naglasak tako da se rečenica kao što je <i>vous avez assez de temps</i> 'imate dosta vremena' izgovara kao jedna cjelina s naglaskom na posljednjem dijelu cjeline.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ipak, ne mogu sve jedinice francuskoga jezika biti naglasonosne. Primjerice, rečenica <i>vous tournez le coin de la rue</i> 'skrenete iza ugla' može imati samo jedan naglasak na riječi <i>rue</i>, ali vrlo lako i tri: [<i>vous tour<b>nez</b></i>] [<i>le <b>coin</b></i>] [<i>de la <b>rue</b></i>]. Nikako nije moguće da ima više od tri naglaska jer naglasak neće doći na subjektnu <a href="/wiki/Zamjenice" title="Zamjenice">zamjenicu</a> ili na <a href="/wiki/Prijedlozi" title="Prijedlozi">prijedloge</a> (osim ako su duži kao što je <i>derrière</i>) i <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clan" title="Član">članove</a>. Stoga se može reći da tri spomenute cjeline ove rečenice predstavljaju virtualne naglasne cjeline čiji se naglasak u iskazu nužno ne ostvaruje.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pismo_i_izgovor">Pismo i izgovor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Uredi odlomak: Pismo i izgovor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pismo i izgovor"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovdje je prikazan popis svih fonema francuskoga jezika u IPA-i, potom su prikazani najčešći naćini na koji su ti glasovi prikazani francuskom grafijom (iako postoje neki rjeđi, a oni navedeni u tablici ponegdje se izgovaraju drukčije). Posljednji je red opis izgovora na temelju <a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_jezik" title="Hrvatski jezik">hrvatskoga jezika</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA </th> <th>Francuska <p>grafija </p> </th> <th>Bilješke </th> <th>Približan <p>izgovor </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td>a </td> <td><b>a, à</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>a</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>⁠ɑ </td> <td><b>â</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>a</i>, ali stražnje </td></tr> <tr> <td>e </td> <td><b>æ</b> </td> <td>u <a href="/wiki/Latinizam" title="Latinizam">latinizmima</a> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>e</i>, ponešto više </td></tr> <tr> <td>⁠ɛ⁠ </td> <td><b>ai</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto niže </td></tr> <tr> <td>a.i </td> <td><b>aï</b> </td> <td>dva odvojena glasa </td> <td>hrvatski a i nakon toga i </td></tr> <tr> <td>o/ɔ </td> <td><b>au</b> </td> <td>inače /o/; <p>/ɔ/ samo pred r </p> </td> <td>poput hrvatskog <i>o</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto više; <p>poput hrvatskog <i>o</i>, ali nešto niže položen jezik </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɑ̃ </td> <td><b>an, am</b> </td> <td>pred suglasnicima </td> <td>kao ​/⁠ɑ⁠/, ali nazalno </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛ̃ </td> <td><b>ain, aim</b> </td> <td>pred suglasnicima i na kraju riječi </td> <td>kao /ɛ/, ali nazalno </td></tr> <tr> <td>b </td> <td><b>b</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko b </td></tr> <tr> <td>s/k </td> <td><b>c</b> </td> <td>/s/ pred e, i, y; <p>/k/ pred a, o, u </p> </td> <td>hrvatski s i k </td></tr> <tr> <td>s </td> <td><b>ç</b> </td> <td>/s/ pred a, o, u </td> <td>hrvatsko s </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʃ⁠ </td> <td><b>ch</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko š </td></tr> <tr> <td>⁠ɛ/⁠e⁠/ə </td> <td><b>e</b> </td> <td>/ɛ/ pred više suglasnika, x ili jednim završnim suglasnikom (koji se izgovara zadnji), <p>pred neizgovorenim završnim t; </p><p>/e/ pred ostalim neizgovorenim suglasnicima </p><p>/ə/ u ostalim situacijama ili neizgovoren </p> </td> <td>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto niže; <p>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto više; poput glasa prije r u prst </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>⁠e⁠ </td> <td><b>é</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto više </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛ </td> <td><b>è</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto niže </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛː/e </td> <td><b>ê</b> </td> <td>/ɛː/ u zadnjem (izgovorenom) ili zatvorenom slogu; <p>/e/ ili /ɛː/ inače </p> </td> <td>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto više; <p>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto niže i duže se izgovara </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o </td> <td><b>eau</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>poput hrvatskog <i>o</i>, ali jezik je položen nešto više </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɑ̃/ɛ̃ </td> <td><b>en, em,</b> <p><b>ein, eim</b> </p> </td> <td>/ɑ̃/ pred suglasnikom i na kraju riječi; <p>/ɛ̃/ pred suglasnikom ili na kraju riječi nakon é, i ili y </p> </td> <td>kao ​/⁠ɑ⁠/, ali nazalno; <p>kao /ɛ/, ali nazalno </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ø/œ⁠ </td> <td><b>eu</b> </td> <td>/ø⁠/ na početku riječi, na kraju ili pred /z/ (u govoru); <p>/œ⁠/ drugdje </p> </td> <td>izgovara se kao hrvatsko <i>e</i> s nešto više položenim jezikom i zaobljenim usnama, kao <i>o</i>; <p>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i> s nešto niže položenim jezikom i zaobljenim usnama kao u <i>o</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ø </td> <td><b>eû</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>izgovara se kao hrvatsko <i>e</i> s nešto više položenim jezikom i zaobljenim usnama, kao <i>o</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>œ̃ </td> <td><b>eun, eum</b> </td> <td>pred suglasnicima i na kraju riječi </td> <td>kao /œ/, ali nazalno </td></tr> <tr> <td>f </td> <td><b>f</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>f</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʒ/ɡ </td> <td><b>g</b> </td> <td>/ʒ/ pred e, i, y; <p>/ɡ/ pred a, o, u </p> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>ž</i>; <p>hrvatsko <i>g</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>g </td> <td><b>gu</b> </td> <td>obično /g/ pred e, i, y </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>g</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ø </td> <td><b>h</b> </td> <td colspan="2">ne izgovara se </td></tr> <tr> <td>i </td> <td><b>i</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>i</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛ̃ </td> <td><b>im, im</b> </td> <td>pred suglasnicima i na kraju riječi </td> <td>kao /ɛ/, ali nazalno </td></tr> <tr> <td>j/ij </td> <td><b>ill</b> </td> <td>/j/ nakon drugih samoglasnika <p>/ij/ nakon suglasnika </p> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>j</i>; <p>hrvatsko <i>ij</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʒ </td> <td><b>j</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>ž</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>k </td> <td><b>k</b> </td> <td>rijetko </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>k</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>l </td> <td><b>l</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>l</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>m </td> <td><b>m</b> </td> <td>/m/ osim kada slijedi iza samoglasnika, a za njim dolazi suglasnik ili kraj riječi, tada se kombinacija izgovara kao nazalizirani samoglasnik </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>m</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>n </td> <td><b>n</b> </td> <td>/n/ osim kada slijedi iza samoglasnika, a za njim dolazi suglasnik ili kraj riječi, tada se kombinacija izgovara kao nazalizirani samoglasnik </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>n</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o/ɔ </td> <td><b>o</b> </td> <td>/o/ na kraju riječi i pred /z/ (u izgovoru, ne pismu); <p>/ɔ/ drugdje </p> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>o</i> s nešto više položenim jezikom; <p>poput hrvatskog <i>o</i>, ali nešto niže položen jezik </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o </td> <td><b>ô</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>o</i> s nešto više položenim jezikom </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɔ̃⁠ </td> <td><b>on, om</b> </td> <td>pred suglasnicima i na kraju riječi </td> <td>kao /ɔ⁠/, ali nazalno </td></tr> <tr> <td>œ </td> <td><b>œ</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i> s nešto niže položenim jezikom i zaobljenim usnama kao u <i>o</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ø/œ </td> <td><b>œu</b> </td> <td>/ø/ na kraju riječi (u izgovoru); <p>/œ/ drugdje </p> </td> <td>izgovara se kao hrvatsko <i>e</i> s nešto više položenim jezikom i zaobljenim usnama, kao <i>o</i>; <p>poput hrvatskog <i>e</i> s nešto niže položenim jezikom i zaobljenim usnama kao u <i>o</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>wa </td> <td><b>oi</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>englesko <i>w</i> i hrvatsko <i>a</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>wɛ̃ </td> <td><b>oin</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>englesko <i>w</i> i već opisano /ɛ̃/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>u </td> <td><b>ou</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko u </td></tr> <tr> <td>p </td> <td><b>p</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>p</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>f </td> <td><b>ph</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>f</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>k </td> <td><b>qu</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>k</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʁ </td> <td><b>r</b> </td> <td>ne izgovara se u nastavku za infinitiv i još nekim riječima </td> <td>točan izgovor ovisi o govorniku, uglavnom guturalno </td></tr> <tr> <td>s/z </td> <td><b>s</b> </td> <td>/z/ između samoglasnika; <p>/s/ drugdje </p> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>z</i>; <p>hrvatsko <i>s</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>t </td> <td><b>t</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>t</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tj/sj/ti </td> <td><b>ti</b> </td> <td>/tj/ nakon /s/ ili na početku riječi kada slijedi samoglasnik; <p>/sj/ drugdje kada slijedi samoglasnik; /ti/ kada ne slijedi samoglasnik </p> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>t</i> + <i>j</i>; <p>hrvatsko <i>s</i> + <i>j</i>; hrvatsko <i>t</i> + <i>i</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>y </td> <td><b>u</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>poput njemačkog <i>ü</i>, izgovara se kao <i>i</i> sa zaobljenim usnama kao u <i>u</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>œ̃/ɛ̃ </td> <td><b>un, um</b> </td> <td>pred suglasnicima i na kraju riječi </td> <td>kao /œ/, ali nazalno; <p>kao /ɛ/, ali nazalno </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>v </td> <td><b>v</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>slično hrvatskom <i>v</i>, ali bliže hrvatskom <i>f</i> u <i>še<b>f</b> ga</i>... </td></tr> <tr> <td>ks/gz/s/z </td> <td><b>x</b> </td> <td>/ks/ moguće između samoglasnika i na početku riječi; <p>/gz/ moguće između samoglasnika i na početku riječi; /s, z/ moguće samo u sredini riječi </p> </td> <td>slično hrvatsko <i>k</i> + <i>s</i>; <p>hrvatsko <i>g</i> + <i>z</i>; hrvatsko <i>s</i>; </p><p>hrvatsko <i>z</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>i </td> <td><b>y</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>i</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>z </td> <td><b>z</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>hrvatsko <i>z</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ostala_pravila_izgovora">Ostala pravila izgovora</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Uredi odlomak: Ostala pravila izgovora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ostala pravila izgovora"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osim ove tablice, francuski poznaje još neka osnovna pravila izgovora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Početak_riječi"><span id="Po.C4.8Detak_rije.C4.8Di"></span>Početak riječi</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Uredi odlomak: Početak riječi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Početak riječi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iako se slovo h nikad ne izgovara na početku riječi, zbog razloga povezanih s poviješću jezika francuski razlikuje dva različita h: izvorno h opstalo tradicijom od latinskoga (<i>h muet</i>) i h zvano <i>h aspiré</i> koje se tek u 16. stoljeću izgubilo u izgovoru. <i>H aspiré</i> utječe na izgovor i danas: </p> <ul><li>određeni član pred <i>h aspiré</i> ponaša se kao pred ostalim suglasnicima bez kraćenja (bar u standardu): <i>le haricot</i> 'grah' i <i>la haine</i> 'mržnja', pred izvorno latinskim <i>h</i> krati se: <i>l'horreur</i> 'horor, strah'</li> <li>pred njim se ne događa <i>liaison</i>, primjerice <i>il<b>s</b> haïssent</i> 'oni mrze' ne izgovara se /il<b>z</b>‿a.is/, kako bi se izgovaralo da je to izvorno latinsko <i>h</i>, nego /il‿a.is/</li> <li>pred izvornim h <i>liaison</i> se događa: <i>deu<b>x</b></i> [dø] 'dva', ali <i>deu<b>x</b> heures</i> [døˈ<b>z</b>œʁ] 'dva sata' (usporediti s <i>deu<b>x</b> haricots</i> [dø aʁiˈko] 'dva graha')</li></ul> <p>Ipak, postoje situacije gdje se liaison može, ali ne mora provesti, to jest oboje je moguće. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Suglasnici_kraja_riječi"><span id="Suglasnici_kraja_rije.C4.8Di"></span>Suglasnici kraja riječi</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Uredi odlomak: Suglasnici kraja riječi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Suglasnici kraja riječi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ako je završni suglasnik t, d, p, s, x ili skup -nt (u trećem licu množine), najčešće se ne izgovara. Suglasnik koji se pred njim nalazi također se ne izgovara ako je p, t, c, k, b ili d. Suglasnici b, c, q, k, r, f i l najčešće se izgovaraju.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>hau<b>t</b></i> – [o] – 'visok'</li> <li><i>sui<b>s</b></i> – [sɥi] – 'jesam; pratim; pratiš'</li> <li><i>peu<b>x</b></i> – [pø] – 'mogu; možeš'</li> <li><i>Pari<b>s</b></i> – [paʁi] – 'Pariz'</li> <li><i>Bordeau<b>x</b></i> – [bɔʁdo] – 'Bordeaux'</li> <li><i>donne<b>nt</b></i> – [dɔn] – 'daju'</li> <li><i>atten<b>d</b></i> – [atɑ̃] – 'čeka'</li> <li><i>Strasbour<b>g</b></i> – [stʁazbuʁ] – 'Strasbourg'</li> <li><i>rom<b>pt</b></i> – [ʁɔ̃] – 'lomi'</li></ul> <p>U sljedećim je situacijama slovo r neizgovoreno: </p> <ul><li>u infinitivima na -er kao što je <i>donne<b>r</b></i> 'dati'</li> <li>u imenima zanimanja na -er kao što je b<i>oulange<b>r</b></i> 'pekar'</li> <li>u muškim oblicima većine pridjeva na -er/-ère s iznimkom <i>cher</i> 'drag; skup' i <i>fier</i> 'ponosan' gdje se r izgovara.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Nadalje, slovo z ne izgovara se na kraju riječi kao u <i>assez</i> 'dovoljno', <i>chez</i> 'pri' ili glagolskim oblicima na -ez. </p><p>Slovo l ne izgovara se na kraju riječi ako pred njim stoji i.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pridjevi na -ille u ženskome obliku u muškome imaju neizgovoreno l (<i>gentil</i> [ʒɑ̃ti] 'drag', ženski oblik <i>gentille</i> [ʒɑ̃ti<b>j</b>ə]). U <i>liaisonu</i> se vraća i izgovara [j] kao u ženskome obliku: <i>gentilhomm</i>e [ʒɑ̃ti<b>j</b>ɔm] 'džentlmen'. </p><p>Rijetki skupovi suglasnika zapisuju se tek etimološki i ne izgovaraju se: </p> <ul><li><i>le doigt</i> – [ləˈdwa] – <i>'prst'</i></li> <li><i>les doigts</i> – [leˈdwa] – <i>'prsti'</i></li></ul> <p>Nepravilno se suglasnik ne izgovara niti u: </p> <ul><li><i>vain<b>c</b></i> – [vɛ̃] – 'pobijedi'</li> <li><i>assie<b>d</b></i> [asje] 'sjeda'</li> <li><i>pie<b>d</b></i> – [pje] – 'stopalo'</li> <li><i>poi<b>ds</b></i> – [pwa] – 'težina'</li> <li><i>cle<b>f</b></i> – [kle] – 'ključ' (zbog toga često pisan <i>clé</i>)</li> <li><i>e<b>st</b></i> – ​[⁠ɛ⁠]​ – 'jest'</li></ul> <p>te u mnogim drugim riječima. </p><p>Udvojeni suglasnici pojavljuju se u pisanome francuskom, ali tako se ne izgovaraju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Liaison"><i>Liaison</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Uredi odlomak: Liaison" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Liaison"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U određenim skupinama riječi izgovaraju se neki inače neizgovoreni suglasnici na kraju riječi ako sljedeća riječ počinje samoglasnikom. Ova se promjena naziva <i>liaison</i>. </p><p>Primjerice, riječ <i>deux</i> 'dva' obično se izgovara [dø], ali pred riječima koje počinju samoglasnikom pojavljuje se suglasnik /z/: <i>deu<b>x</b> ans</i> /dø<b>z</b>‿ɑ̃/ (<a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">fonetski</a>: [dø.<b>z</b>ɑ̃]). Isto se događa pred h koje nije <i>h aspiré</i>. </p><p>Još je jedan primjer zamjenica <i>vous</i> 'vi' koja se inače izgovara [vu], ali 'vi ste', <i>vou<b>s</b> êtes</i>, izgovara se [vuˈ<b>z</b>ɛːt]. </p><p>Tu obvezatno pripadaju, među ostalim, sljedeće sveze: </p> <ul><li>neodređeni član muškoga roda s pridjevima ili imenicama: <i>u<b>n</b> ami</i> – [œ̃<b>n</b>‿ami] – 'jedan/neki prijatelj'</li> <li>određeni član u množini s pridjevom ili imenicom: <i>le<b>s</b> amis</i> – [le<b>z</b>ami] – 'prijatelji'</li> <li>glagoli u trećem licu s osobnom zamjenicom: <i>es<b>t</b>-il</i> – [ɛ<b>t</b>‿il] – 'je li'</li> <li>pridjev pred imenicom.</li></ul> <p>U načelu, <i>liaison</i> se uvijek može ostvariti osim pred interpunkcijskim znakovima ili iza infinitiva koji završavaju na -er i vjerojatno ne iza oznaka zanimanja koji završavaju na -er. </p><p>Hoće li se <i>liaison</i> pojaviti ovisi o gramatici, učestalosti kombinacije, prozodijskim uvjetima i tako dalje. Važni su i <a href="/wiki/Sociolingvistika" title="Sociolingvistika">sociolingvistički</a> uvjeti: nestandardni oblici rjeđe upotrebljavaju <i>liaison</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Samoglasnici_kraja_riječi"><span id="Samoglasnici_kraja_rije.C4.8Di"></span>Samoglasnici kraja riječi</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Uredi odlomak: Samoglasnici kraja riječi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Samoglasnici kraja riječi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Završno e uglavnom ostaje neizgovoreno. Suglasnik koji se nalazi pred njim izgovara se: </p> <ul><li><i>haut<b>e</b></i> – [o<b>t</b>] – 'visoka'</li> <li><i>vert<b>e</b></i>s – [vɛʁ<b>t</b>] – 'zelene'.</li></ul> <p>Ostali se samoglasnici najčešće izgovaraju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Elizija">Elizija</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Uredi odlomak: Elizija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elizija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Završno e u jednosložnim gramatičkim riječima gubi se u određenim kombinacijama kada slijedi riječ koja počinje samoglasnikom. Primjerice, dobra je usporedba izgovora <i>j<b>e</b> dors</i> [ʒ<b>ə</b>.dɔʁ] 'spavam' i <i>j'arrive</i> [ʒa.ʁiv] 'dolazim'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Enchaînement"><span id="Encha.C3.AEnement"></span><i>Enchaînement</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Uredi odlomak: Enchaînement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Enchaînement"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Enchaînement</i> je fenomen <a href="/wiki/Sandhi" title="Sandhi">sandhija</a> gdje se riječi koje se u izgovoru nađu u govornome lancu povezuju i ulančavaju jedna s drugom u veće sastavne dijelove. U procesu <i>enchaînementa</i> završni suglasnici riječi (ponovno) se oblikuju u slog sa sljedećim početnim samoglasnicima riječi. Primjerice, rečenica <i>ce<b>tt</b>e histoi<b>r</b>e amusan<b>t</b>e et vrai</i> (doslovce 'ova priča smiješna i istinita') trebala bi biti /sɛ<b>t</b> istwa<b>ʁ</b> amyzɑ̃<b>t</b> e vʁɛ/, ali zapravo se izgovara [sɛ.<b>t</b>is.twa.<b>ʁ</b>a.my.zɑ̃.<b>t</b>e.vʁɛ] gdje točke označuju granice slogova. Završni glas /t/ riječi <i>ce<b>tt</b>e</i> postaje početni glas sljedeće riječi <i>histoire</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Enchaînement</i> je povezan s procesom <i>liaisona</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gramatika">Gramatika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Uredi odlomak: Gramatika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Gramatika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatika_francuskog_jezika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatika francuskog jezika (stranica ne postoji)">Gramatika francuskog jezika</a></div></i></div><p>Francuski je poprilično pojednostavnio <a href="/wiki/Gramatika_latinskog_jezika" title="Gramatika latinskog jezika">fleksiju latinskoga</a> izgubivši i padežni sustav starofrancuskog, ali zato je razvio bogat sustav glagolskih oblika tvorenih pomoćnim glagolima te sustav članova kakav nije postojao u latinskome. </p><p>Riječi (<i>classes des mots</i>, <i>parties du discours</i>) dijele se na promjenjive (<a href="/wiki/Imenice" title="Imenice">imenice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pridjevi" title="Pridjevi">pridjeve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glagoli" title="Glagoli">glagole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamjenice" title="Zamjenice">zamjenice</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clan" title="Član">članove</a>) te nepromjenjive (<a href="/wiki/Prilozi" title="Prilozi">priloge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prijedlozi" title="Prijedlozi">prijedloge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veznici" title="Veznici">veznike</a> i <a href="/wiki/Usklici" title="Usklici">uzvike</a>). </p><p>Uobičajen je red riječi <a href="/wiki/Subjekt" title="Subjekt">subjekt</a> – <a href="/wiki/Predikat" title="Predikat">predikat</a> – <a href="/wiki/Objekt_(gramatika)" title="Objekt (gramatika)">objekt</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Atribut" title="Atribut">atributivni</a> pridjevi dolaze iza imenica na koje se odnose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imenice_i_članovi"><span id="Imenice_i_.C4.8Dlanovi"></span>Imenice i članovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Uredi odlomak: Imenice i članovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Imenice i članovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Imenice razlikuju dva <a href="/wiki/Gramati%C4%8Dki_rod" title="Gramatički rod">roda</a> (muški i ženski) i dva broja (jedninu i množinu). </p><p>Francuski više nema morfološki obilježene padeže kao što ih ima <a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_jezik" title="Hrvatski jezik">hrvatski</a>. Opstala je tvorba množine upotrebom <a href="/wiki/Sufiks" title="Sufiks">sufiksa</a> -s (od latinskog akuzativa množine -as/-os/-es). Zbog čisto pravopisnih razloga u nekim slučajevima postaje -x. Sufiks se u modernome francuskom više ne izgovara osim u nekim slučajevima <i>liaisona</i>. Tako da se <i>maison</i> 'kuća' i <i>maison<b>s</b></i> 'kuće' oboje izgovaraju kao /mɛ.zɔ̃/.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Postoji tek nekoliko slučajeva gdje je množina zapravo različita kao što su <i>cheval</i> /ʃə.val/ – <i>chevaux</i> /ʃə.vo/ 'konj, konji' ili <i>œil</i> /œj/ – <i>yeux</i> /jø/ 'oko, oči'. </p><p>Umjesto toga, množinu označuje promjena u članovima. Ovdje je naveden određeni član:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Određeni član </th> <th colspan="2">Jednina </th> <th colspan="2">Množina </th></tr> <tr> <th>pred <p>suglasnikom </p> </th> <th>pred <p>samoglasnikom </p> </th> <th>pred <p>suglasnikom </p> </th> <th>pred <p>samoglasnikom </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Muški rod </th> <td>le /lə/ </td> <td rowspan="2">l' /l/ </td> <td rowspan="2">les /le/ </td> <td rowspan="2">les /lez/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ženski rod </th> <td>la /la/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Članovi (određeni, neodređeni i partitivni) i pokazne zamjenice jako su važne u modernome francuskom kao često jedini pokazatelji roda i broja. Za razliku od mnogih drugih jezika, određeni članovi često se upotrebljavaju kao neoznačeni nosioci tih informacija tako da je moguće da će u budućnosti određeni član postati uobičajen označitelj roda i broja, a pokazna zamjenica <i>ce</i>/<i>cette</i>/<i>ces</i> novi određeni član.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pridjevi">Pridjevi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Uredi odlomak: Pridjevi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pridjevi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francuski pridjevi razlikuju muški i ženski oblik s obzirom na imenicu koja slijedi. Obično se kaže da se ženski oblik pridjeva izvodi iz muškog dodatkom sufiksa -e kao u <i>vert</i> 'zelen' i <i>vert<b>e</b></i> 'zelena', ali u izgovoru se -e ne pojavljuje, umjesto toga razlika nastaje time što muški oblik obično nema posljednji suglasnik: <i>vert</i> /vɛʁ/ i <i>verte</i> /vɛʁ<b>t</b>/.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Također, pridjevi u ženskom rodu često imaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazalni_suglasnik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazalni suglasnik (stranica ne postoji)">nazal</a> na kraju koji u muškom daje <a href="/wiki/Nazalizacija" title="Nazalizacija">nazalni samoglasnik</a>: <i>pein</i> /pl<b>ɛ̃</b>/ 'pun' i <i>peine</i> /pl<b>ɛn</b>/ 'puna'. Postoje i druge razlike, kao u <i>vif</i> /vi<b>f</b>/ 'živahan' i <i>vive</i> /vi<b>v</b>/ 'živahna'. </p><p>Moglo bi se reći da, s modernoga gledišta, muški oblik nastaje od ženskoga gubitkom posljednjeg suglasnika, ali drugi pak smatraju da je jednostavno riječ o nepravilnim oblicima.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pridjevi se također mijenjaju po broju kao i imenice. </p><p>Prilozi se tvore dodatkom sufiksa -ment (novi sufiks nastao od latinskoga <i>mente</i>, doslovce 'na _ pameti') na ženski oblik: <i>vive</i> &gt; <i>vivement</i> /viv.mɑ̃/ 'živahno'.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glagoli">Glagoli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=32" title="Uredi odlomak: Glagoli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Glagoli"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glagoli po starijoj tradiciji poznaju četiri <a href="/wiki/Sprezanje" title="Sprezanje">konjugacije</a> s obzirom na završetak u <a href="/wiki/Infinitiv" title="Infinitiv">infinitivu</a>: -er, -ir, -re i -oir. Danas su -oir i -re konjugacije zatvorene (nove riječi ne mogu ući u njih), a -ir je također zatvorenija, dok većina novih riječi ulazi u -er konjugaciju. Nadalje, glagole s infinitivom na -ir može se podijeliti u tri potklase: one koje imaju sufiks -iss- u prezentskoj osnovi (većina), one koje nemaju i vrlo malu skupinu onih koji imaju <a href="/wiki/Prezent" title="Prezent">prezent</a> poput glagola na -er (samo glagoli <i>ouvrir</i> 'otvoriti' i <i>couvrir</i> 'pokriti' te njihove izvedenice).<sup id="cite_ref-:92_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Novije podjele poznaju tek tri konjugacije ili manje. Glagole -re i -oir konjugacijā smatra se nepravilnima.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tako se po novijoj tradiciji uzimaju tri grupe: glagole s nastavkom -er koji su potpuno pravilni i otvoreni primanju novih glagola, glagole s infinitivom na -ir i -iss- u prezentskoj osnovi koji su pravilni, ali neproduktivni te skupinu glagola raznih oblika koji doživljavaju specifične promjene, a broji oko 350 glagola.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iako u pisanome jeziku postoje lični nastavci, u izgovoru su razlike prisutne, ali manje (samo se nastavci prvog i drugog lica množine uvijek izgovaraju). Stoga je u francuskome nužna upotreba <a href="/wiki/Osobne_zamjenice" title="Osobne zamjenice">osobnih zamjenica</a> s glagolom. </p><p>Dodavanje nastavaka ponekad uzrokuje promjene osnove povezane s položajem naglaska u latinskome (podcrtan položaj naglaska: <b><u>a</u></b>mat i <b>a</b>m<u>a</u>mus &gt; <b>ai</b>me i <b>a</b>mons). Kod većine glagola preživjela je druga varijanta, ali iznimke postoje (primjerice, v<b>ie</b>nt, ali v<b>e</b>nons).<sup id="cite_ref-:92_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uz oblike naslijeđene iz latinskoga, francuski je razvio novi <a href="/wiki/Futur" class="mw-redirect" title="Futur">futur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kondicional" class="mw-disambig" title="Kondicional">kondicional</a>, a nastala su i mnoga dodatna vremena i oblici dodavanjem pomoćnih glagola <i>avoir</i> 'imati' i <i>être</i> 'biti'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leksik">Leksik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=33" title="Uredi odlomak: Leksik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Leksik"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Većina francuskog leksika potječe iz latinskoga kojim se govorilo u Galiji. Dio riječi može se povezati s keltskim starosjediocima i kasnijim franačkim osvajačima. Velik je izvor riječi latinski (i uz njega <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">grčki</a>) koji je tijekom vremena kontinuirano bio izvorom učenih riječi, ali i mnogih uobičajenijih. Ponekad se zna dogoditi da je latinska riječ koja je <a href="/wiki/Posu%C4%91enice" title="Posuđenice">posuđena</a> već postojala u francuskome: <i>fragile</i> 'lomljiv' posuđena je, ali potječe od iste latinske riječi kao naslijeđena <i>frêle</i>, obje od latinskog <i>fragilem</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_48-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Na moderni jezik najveći utjecaj ima engleski. </p><p>Procijenjuje se da najmanje 13&#160;% francuskog jezika čine <a href="/wiki/Posu%C4%91enice" title="Posuđenice">posuđenice</a> (oko 4200 riječi). Većinom iz engleskog, <a href="/wiki/Talijanski_jezik" title="Talijanski jezik">talijanskog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starovisokonjema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starovisokonjemački jezik">staronjemačkog</a> i drugih galoromanskih jezika.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezani_članci"><span id="Povezani_.C4.8Dlanci"></span>Povezani članci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=34" title="Uredi odlomak: Povezani članci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezani članci"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Policentri%C4%8Dni_standardni_jezik" title="Policentrični standardni jezik">Policentrični standardni jezik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanski_jezici" title="Romanski jezici">Romanski jezici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatika_francuskog_jezika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatika francuskog jezika (stranica ne postoji)">Gramatika francuskog jezika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okcitanski_jezik" title="Okcitanski jezik">Okcitanski jezik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=35" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observatoire.francophonie.org/2018/synthese.pdf"><i>LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE DANS LE MONDE synthèse 2018</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/langue-doil">langue d’oïl - Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>. <i>www.enciklopedija.hr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 17. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.enciklopedija.hr&amp;rft.atitle=langue+d%E2%80%99o%C3%AFl+-+Hrvatska+enciklopedija&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2Fclanak%2Flangue-doil&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrongBlanchet2006" class="citation journal cs1">Armstrong, Nigel; Blanchet, Philippe. Studeni 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0959269506002523/type/journal_article">Special issue: the dynamics of levelling and diversity in French/Dynamiques de ‘standardisations partielles’ en français</a>. <i>Journal of French Language Studies</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <b>16</b> (3): 247–250. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959269506002523">10.1017/S0959269506002523</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0959-2695">0959-2695</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+French+Language+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Special+issue%3A+the+dynamics+of+levelling+and+diversity+in+French%2FDynamiques+de+%E2%80%98standardisations+partielles%E2%80%99+en+fran%C3%A7ais&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=247-250&amp;rft.date=11&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0959269506002523&amp;rft.issn=0959-2695&amp;rft.aulast=Armstrong&amp;rft.aufirst=Nigel&amp;rft.au=Blanchet%2C+Philippe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0959269506002523%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFPope" class="citation book cs1">Pope, M. K. <i>From Latin to Modern French with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman</i>. Manchester University Press. str.&#160;9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780719001765" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780719001765"><bdi>9780719001765</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Latin+to+Modern+French+with+Especial+Consideration+of+Anglo-Norman&amp;rft.pages=9.&amp;rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=9780719001765&amp;rft.aulast=Pope&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFLodge2001" class="citation book cs1">Lodge, R. Anthony. 2001. <i>French: from dialect to standard</i>. Reprint&#160;izdanje. Routledge. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-415-08071-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-415-08071-2"><bdi>978-0-415-08071-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=French%3A+from+dialect+to+standard&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.edition=Reprint&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-08071-2&amp;rft.aulast=Lodge&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+Anthony&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFRickard2003" class="citation book cs1">Rickard, Peter. 2003. <i>A History of the French Language</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781134838783" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781134838783"><bdi>9781134838783</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+French+Language&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=9781134838783&amp;rft.aulast=Rickard&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/French-language">French language | Origin, History, Grammar, &amp; Speakers | Britannica</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). 17. ožujka 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&amp;rft.atitle=French+language+%7C+Origin%2C+History%2C+Grammar%2C+%26+Speakers+%7C+Britannica&amp;rft.date=2024-03-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FFrench-language&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHall1953" class="citation journal cs1">Hall, Robert A. 1953. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/410027">The Oaths of Strassburg: Phonemics and Classification</a>. <i>Language</i>. <b>29</b> (3): 317–321. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F410027">10.2307/410027</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0097-8507">0097-8507</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Language&amp;rft.atitle=The+Oaths+of+Strassburg%3A+Phonemics+and+Classification&amp;rft.volume=29&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=317-321&amp;rft.date=1953&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F410027&amp;rft.issn=0097-8507&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F410027&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFKristol2023" class="citation book cs1">Kristol, Andres M. 19. srpnja 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-740?d=%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199384655-e-740&amp;p=emailAWJel3ZR8xP7c"><i>Southern Gallo-Romance: Occitan and Gascon</i></a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199384655-e-740%3Fd%3D%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199384655-e-740%26p%3Demailawjel3zr8xp7c">10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-740?d&#61;/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-740&#38;p&#61;emailawjel3zr8xp7c</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-19-938465-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-19-938465-5"><bdi>978-0-19-938465-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Southern+Gallo-Romance%3A+Occitan+and+Gascon&amp;rft.date=2023-07-19&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199384655-e-740%3Fd%3D%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199384655-e-740%26p%3Demailawjel3zr8xp7c&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-938465-5&amp;rft.aulast=Kristol&amp;rft.aufirst=Andres+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Flinguistics%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199384655-e-740%3Fd%3D%252F10.1093%252Facrefore%252F9780199384655.001.0001%252Facrefore-9780199384655-e-740%26p%3DemailAWJel3ZR8xP7c&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/francuzi">Francuzi - Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>. <i>www.enciklopedija.hr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.enciklopedija.hr&amp;rft.atitle=Francuzi+-+Hrvatska+enciklopedija&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2Fclanak%2Ffrancuzi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFEinhorn1985" class="citation book cs1">Einhorn, Erich. 1985. <i>Old French: a concise handbook</i>. 1st publ., repr&#160;izdanje. Univ. Pr. Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-521-20343-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-521-20343-2"><bdi>978-0-521-20343-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Old+French%3A+a+concise+handbook&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.edition=1st+publ.%2C+repr&amp;rft.pub=Univ.+Pr&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-20343-2&amp;rft.aulast=Einhorn&amp;rft.aufirst=Erich&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frans Plank: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstream/handle/123456789/3189/The%20functional%20basis%20of%20case%20systems%20and%20declension%20classes.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y">The functional basis of case systems and declension</a></i> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstream/handle/123456789/3189/The%20functional%20basis%20of%20case%20systems%20and%20declension%20classes.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y">classes: from Latin to Old French</a></i>, <i>Linguistics</i> No 17., 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eyamba G. Bokamba: <i>French colonial language policy in Africa and its legacies (Part I)</i>, <i>Studies In the Linguistic Sciences</i>, 14./2., jesen 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFWright2006" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Sue. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/52393545.pdf">French as a Lingua Franca</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annual Review of Applied Linguistics</i>. Cambridge University Press. <b>26</b>: 35–60 Prenosi CORE</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Applied+Linguistics&amp;rft.atitle=French+as+a+Lingua+Franca&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.pages=35-60&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Wright&amp;rft.aufirst=Sue&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F52393545.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/francophony-and-the-french-language/the-french-language-in-figures/">The French language in figures</a>. <i>France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 25. studenoga 2023.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=France+Diplomacy+-+Ministry+for+Europe+and+Foreign+Affairs&amp;rft.atitle=The+French+language+in+figures&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Ffrench-foreign-policy%2Ffrancophony-and-the-french-language%2Fthe-french-language-in-figures%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observatoire.francophonie.org/qui-parle-francais-dans-le-monde/">Qui parle français dans le monde – Organisation internationale de la Francophonie – Langue française et diversité linguistique</a> (<span style="color:#555;">francuski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 25. studenoga 2023.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Qui+parle+fran%C3%A7ais+dans+le+monde+%E2%80%93+Organisation+internationale+de+la+Francophonie+%E2%80%93+Langue+fran%C3%A7aise+et+diversit%C3%A9+linguistique&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobservatoire.francophonie.org%2Fqui-parle-francais-dans-le-monde%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observatoire.francophonie.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Rapport-La-langue-francaise-dans-le-monde_VF-2022.pdf">La langue française dans le monde</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</i>. Gallimard. Ožujak 2022. str.&#160;23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 25. studenoga 2023.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Organisation+internationale+de+la+Francophonie&amp;rft.atitle=La+langue+fran%C3%A7aise+dans+le+monde&amp;rft.pages=23&amp;rft.date=2022-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobservatoire.francophonie.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F10%2FRapport-La-langue-francaise-dans-le-monde_VF-2022.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worlddata.info/languages/french.php">French - Worldwide distribution</a>. <i>Worlddata.info</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Worlddata.info&amp;rft.atitle=French+-+Worldwide+distribution&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Ffrench.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer" class="citation web cs1">Spencer, Erika Hope. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.loc.gov/french-literature-and-language-learning/regional-minority-languages-france">Research Guides: French &amp; Reading: A Student's Guide to Francophone Literature &amp; Language Learning: Regional &amp; Minority Languages in France</a>. <i>guides.loc.gov</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=guides.loc.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Research+Guides%3A+French+%26+Reading%3A+A+Student%27s+Guide+to+Francophone+Literature+%26+Language+Learning%3A+Regional+%26+Minority+Languages+in+France&amp;rft.aulast=Spencer&amp;rft.aufirst=Erika+Hope&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.loc.gov%2Ffrench-literature-and-language-learning%2Fregional-minority-languages-france&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFMuljačić2007" class="citation book cs1">Muljačić, Žarko. 2007. <i>Problemi manjinskih jezika u romanskim državama u Europi</i>. Maveda. <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-953-7029-08-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-953-7029-08-1"><bdi>978-953-7029-08-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Problemi+manjinskih+jezika+u+romanskim+dr%C5%BEavama+u+Europi&amp;rft.place=Rijeka&amp;rft.pub=Maveda&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-953-7029-08-1&amp;rft.aulast=Mulja%C4%8Di%C4%87&amp;rft.aufirst=%C5%BDarko&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrongBlanchet2006" class="citation journal cs1">Armstrong, Nigel; Blanchet, Philippe. Studeni 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0959269506002523/type/journal_article">Special issue: the dynamics of levelling and diversity in French/Dynamiques de ‘standardisations partielles’ en français</a>. <i>Journal of French Language Studies</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <b>16</b> (3): 247–250. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959269506002523">10.1017/S0959269506002523</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0959-2695">0959-2695</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+French+Language+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Special+issue%3A+the+dynamics+of+levelling+and+diversity+in+French%2FDynamiques+de+%E2%80%98standardisations+partielles%E2%80%99+en+fran%C3%A7ais&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=247-250&amp;rft.date=11&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0959269506002523&amp;rft.issn=0959-2695&amp;rft.aulast=Armstrong&amp;rft.aufirst=Nigel&amp;rft.au=Blanchet%2C+Philippe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0959269506002523%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFBranch2024" class="citation web cs1">Branch, Legislative Services. 1. siječnja 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/o-3.01/page-1.html">Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Official Languages Act</a>. <i>laws-lois.justice.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Consolidated+federal+laws+of+Canada%2C+Official+Languages+Act&amp;rft.date=2024-01-01&amp;rft.aulast=Branch&amp;rft.aufirst=Legislative+Services&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Facts%2Fo-3.01%2Fpage-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/acadian-french">Acadian French</a>. <i>www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Acadian+French&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Facadian-french&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lsu.edu/hss/french/undergraduate_program/cajun_french/what_is_cajun.php">Cajun French at LSU</a>. <i>www.lsu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.lsu.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Cajun+French+at+LSU&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsu.edu%2Fhss%2Ffrench%2Fundergraduate_program%2Fcajun_french%2Fwhat_is_cajun.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFZribi-Hertz2022" class="citation book cs1">Zribi-Hertz, Anne. 23. ožujka 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-453"><i>French-Based Creole Languages</i></a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.013.453">10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.453</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-19-938465-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-19-938465-5"><bdi>978-0-19-938465-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=French-Based+Creole+Languages&amp;rft.date=2022-03-23&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.013.453&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-938465-5&amp;rft.aulast=Zribi-Hertz&amp;rft.aufirst=Anne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Flinguistics%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199384655-e-453&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=doYT4VXnhnAC&amp;dq=%2F%C9%B2%2F+is+merging+with+%2Fnj%2F+in+france&amp;pg=PA326">Phonological Variation in French: Illustrations from Three Continents</a>, edited by Randall Scott Gess, Chantal Lyche, Trudel Meisenburg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFWells1989" class="citation journal cs1">Wells, J. C. Srpanj 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0025100300005892/type/journal_article">Computer-coded Phonemic Notation of Individual Languages of the European Community</a>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <b>19</b> (1): 31–54. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300005892">10.1017/S0025100300005892</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0025-1003">0025-1003</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Computer-coded+Phonemic+Notation+of+Individual+Languages+of+the+European+Community&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=31-54&amp;rft.date=07&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300005892&amp;rft.issn=0025-1003&amp;rft.aulast=Wells&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0025100300005892%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFGrevisseGoosse2011" class="citation book cs1">Grevisse, Maurice; Goosse, André. 2011. <i>Le bon usage: grammaire française 75 ans</i>. 15e éd&#160;izdanje. De Boeck-Duculot. Bruxelles [Paris]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-2-8011-1642-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-2-8011-1642-5"><bdi>978-2-8011-1642-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le+bon+usage%3A+grammaire+fran%C3%A7aise+75+ans&amp;rft.place=Bruxelles+%5BParis%5D&amp;rft.edition=15e+%C3%A9d&amp;rft.pub=De+Boeck-Duculot&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8011-1642-5&amp;rft.aulast=Grevisse&amp;rft.aufirst=Maurice&amp;rft.au=Goosse%2C+Andr%C3%A9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFFougeronSmith1993" class="citation journal cs1">Fougeron, Cécile; Smith, Caroline L. Prosinac 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0025100300004874/type/journal_article">French</a>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <b>23</b> (2): 73–76. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004874">10.1017/S0025100300004874</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0025-1003">0025-1003</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&amp;rft.atitle=French&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=73-76&amp;rft.date=12&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004874&amp;rft.issn=0025-1003&amp;rft.aulast=Fougeron&amp;rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9cile&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+Caroline+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0025100300004874%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFGrevisseGoosse2011" class="citation book cs1">Grevisse, Maurice; Goosse, André. 2011. <i>Le bon usage: grammaire française 75 ans</i>. 15e éd&#160;izdanje. De Boeck-Duculot. Bruxelles [Paris]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-2-8011-1642-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-2-8011-1642-5"><bdi>978-2-8011-1642-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le+bon+usage%3A+grammaire+fran%C3%A7aise+75+ans&amp;rft.place=Bruxelles+%5BParis%5D&amp;rft.edition=15e+%C3%A9d&amp;rft.pub=De+Boeck-Duculot&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8011-1642-5&amp;rft.aulast=Grevisse&amp;rft.aufirst=Maurice&amp;rft.au=Goosse%2C+Andr%C3%A9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFFagyalKibbeeJenkins2006" class="citation book cs1">Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Kibbee, Douglas; Jenkins, Fred. 2006. <i>French: a linguistic introduction</i>. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-521-82144-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-521-82144-5"><bdi>978-0-521-82144-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=French%3A+a+linguistic+introduction&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-82144-5&amp;rft.aulast=Fagyal&amp;rft.aufirst=Zsuzsanna&amp;rft.au=Kibbee%2C+Douglas&amp;rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Fred&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFFougeronSmith1993" class="citation journal cs1">Fougeron, Cécile; Smith, Caroline L. Prosinac 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0025100300004874/type/journal_article">French</a>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <b>23</b> (2): 73–76. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004874">10.1017/S0025100300004874</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0025-1003">0025-1003</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&amp;rft.atitle=French&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=73-76&amp;rft.date=12&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004874&amp;rft.issn=0025-1003&amp;rft.aulast=Fougeron&amp;rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9cile&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+Caroline+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0025100300004874%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFBerns2013" class="citation journal cs1">Berns, Janine. 21. studenoga 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/avt.30.02ber">Velar variation in French</a>. <i>Linguistics in the Netherlands</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <b>30</b>: 13–27. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Favt.30.02ber">10.1075/avt.30.02ber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0929-7332">0929-7332</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Linguistics+in+the+Netherlands&amp;rft.atitle=Velar+variation+in+French&amp;rft.volume=30&amp;rft.pages=13-27&amp;rft.date=2013-11-21&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Favt.30.02ber&amp;rft.issn=0929-7332&amp;rft.aulast=Berns&amp;rft.aufirst=Janine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbe-platform.com%2Fcontent%2Fjournals%2F10.1075%2Favt.30.02ber&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFFagyalKibbeeJenkins2006" class="citation book cs1">Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Kibbee, Douglas; Jenkins, Fred. 2006. <i>French: a linguistic introduction</i>. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-521-82144-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-521-82144-5"><bdi>978-0-521-82144-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=French%3A+a+linguistic+introduction&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-82144-5&amp;rft.aulast=Fagyal&amp;rft.aufirst=Zsuzsanna&amp;rft.au=Kibbee%2C+Douglas&amp;rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Fred&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisVincent1997" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Martin; Vincent, Nigel, ur. 1997. <i>The Romance languages</i>. Routledge. London&#160;; New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-415-16417-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-415-16417-7"><bdi>978-0-415-16417-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Romance+languages&amp;rft.place=London+%3B+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-16417-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMees2013" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. 2013. <i>Practical phonetics and phonology: a resource book for students</i>. Routledge English language introductions. 3.&#160;izdanje. Routledge. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-415-50650-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-415-50650-2"><bdi>978-0-415-50650-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Practical+phonetics+and+phonology%3A+a+resource+book+for+students&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.series=Routledge+English+language+introductions&amp;rft.edition=3.&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-50650-2&amp;rft.aulast=Collins&amp;rft.aufirst=Beverley&amp;rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1982" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Stephen R. Rujan 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/413848?origin=crossref">The Analysis of French Shwa: Or, How to Get Something for Nothing</a>. <i>Language</i>. <b>58</b> (3): 534. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F413848">10.2307/413848</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0097-8507">0097-8507</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Language&amp;rft.atitle=The+Analysis+of+French+Shwa%3A+Or%2C+How+to+Get+Something+for+Nothing&amp;rft.volume=58&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=534&amp;rft.date=09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F413848&amp;rft.issn=0097-8507&amp;rft.aulast=Anderson&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F413848%3Forigin%3Dcrossref&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsey, Geoff (15. siječnja 2012.): <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.englishspeechservices.com/blog/le-foot-vowel/">Le FOOT vowel</a></i>. <i>English Speech Services</i>. Pristupljeno 14. svibnja 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFFagyalKibbeeJenkins2006" class="citation book cs1">Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Kibbee, Douglas; Jenkins, Fred. 2006. <i>French: a linguistic introduction</i>. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-521-82144-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-521-82144-5"><bdi>978-0-521-82144-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=French%3A+a+linguistic+introduction&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-82144-5&amp;rft.aulast=Fagyal&amp;rft.aufirst=Zsuzsanna&amp;rft.au=Kibbee%2C+Douglas&amp;rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Fred&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1984" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Douglas C. 1984. <i>The pronunciation of Canadian French</i>. Univ. of Ottawa Pr. Ottawa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-7766-4500-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-7766-4500-1"><bdi>978-0-7766-4500-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+pronunciation+of+Canadian+French&amp;rft.place=Ottawa&amp;rft.pub=Univ.+of+Ottawa+Pr&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7766-4500-1&amp;rft.aulast=Walker&amp;rft.aufirst=Douglas+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:33-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:33_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:33_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFTranel2000" class="citation book cs1">Tranel, Bernard. 2000. <i>The sounds of French: an introduction</i>. Transferred to digital reprinting&#160;izdanje. Cambridge Univ. Pr. Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-521-31510-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-521-31510-4"><bdi>978-0-521-31510-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+sounds+of+French%3A+an+introduction&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.edition=Transferred+to+digital+reprinting&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Pr&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-31510-4&amp;rft.aulast=Tranel&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1982" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Stephen R. Rujan 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/413848?origin=crossref">The Analysis of French Shwa: Or, How to Get Something for Nothing</a>. <i>Language</i>. <b>58</b> (3): 534. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F413848">10.2307/413848</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0097-8507">0097-8507</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Language&amp;rft.atitle=The+Analysis+of+French+Shwa%3A+Or%2C+How+to+Get+Something+for+Nothing&amp;rft.volume=58&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=534&amp;rft.date=09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F413848&amp;rft.issn=0097-8507&amp;rft.aulast=Anderson&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F413848%3Forigin%3Dcrossref&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:52-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:52_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:52_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFGarde1993" class="citation book cs1">Garde, Paul. 1993. <i>Naglasak</i>. Prijevod: Raguž, Dragutin. <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kolska_knjiga" title="Školska knjiga">Školska knjiga</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>. str.&#160;74. – 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Naglasak&amp;rft.place=Zagreb&amp;rft.pages=74.+-+75.&amp;rft.pub=%C5%A0kolska+knjiga&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.aulast=Garde&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/french-silent-letters-and-pronunciation-4078906">How to Pronounce French Silent Letters</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 21. prosinca 2023.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&amp;rft.atitle=How+to+Pronounce+French+Silent+Letters&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Ffrench-silent-letters-and-pronunciation-4078906&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masteryourfrench.com/french-pronunciation/silent-letters-in-french/">A Guide to Silent Letters in French - MasterYourFrench</a>. <i>www.masteryourfrench.com</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). 29. lipnja 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 21. prosinca 2023.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.masteryourfrench.com&amp;rft.atitle=A+Guide+to+Silent+Letters+in+French+-+MasterYourFrench&amp;rft.date=2021-06-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masteryourfrench.com%2Ffrench-pronunciation%2Fsilent-letters-in-french%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhard Jäger, Paola Monachesi, Gerald Penn, Shuly Wintner: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://damir.cavar.me/Pubs/Proceedings-of-Formal-Grammar-2004.pdf#page=35">Proceedings of Formal Grammar</a></i>, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cécile Fougeron: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&amp;type=pdf&amp;doi=0db3d99be6c41bf75e659c4d9734b8742af4e98a">Word boundaries and contrast neutralization in the case of enchaînement in French</a></i>, u: Papers in Laboratory Phonology IX: Change in Phonology, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2007., str. 609. – 642.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:92-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:92_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:92_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:92_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:92_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:92_48-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:92_48-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisVincent1997" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Martin; Vincent, Nigel, ur. 1997. <i>The Romance languages</i>. Routledge. London&#160;; New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-415-16417-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-415-16417-7"><bdi>978-0-415-16417-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Romance+languages&amp;rft.place=London+%3B+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-16417-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frenchtoday.com/blog/french-grammar/french-definite-article/">The French Definite Articles | Free Lesson</a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). 23. veljače 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 26. ožujka 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+French+Definite+Articles+%7C+Free+Lesson&amp;rft.date=2011-02-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frenchtoday.com%2Fblog%2Ffrench-grammar%2Ffrench-definite-article%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Phaedra Royle: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261946762_On_the_Existence_of_CO_Alternations_in_French_Adjectives_Theoretical_and_Empirical_Questions">On the Existence of C/Ø Alternations in French Adjectives: Theoretical and Empirical Questions</a></i>, <i>Conference: Proceedings of the 17th ICPhS</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, str. 1730. – 1733., 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anne Abeillé, Danièle Godard: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniele-Godard/publication/252096919_The_Syntactic_Flexibility_of_French_Degree_Adverbs/links/5661a7c808ae192bbf8a290b/The-Syntactic-Flexibility-of-French-Degree-Adverbs.pdf">The Syntactic Flexibility of French Degree Adverbs</a></i>, <i>Proceedings of the HPSG03 Conference</i>, Michigan State University, <i>CSLI Publications</i>, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFEscher1922" class="citation journal cs1">Escher, Erwin. 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/313879">French Verb Tables: A Critical Study. I</a>. <i>The Modern Language Journal</i>. <b>6</b> (5): 265–270. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F313879">10.2307/313879</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7902">0026-7902</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=French+Verb+Tables%3A+A+Critical+Study.+I&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=265-270&amp;rft.date=1922&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F313879&amp;rft.issn=0026-7902&amp;rft.aulast=Escher&amp;rft.aufirst=Erwin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F313879&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFEstivaletMeunier2016" class="citation journal cs1">Estivalet, Gustavo; Meunier, Fanny. 9. prosinca 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/1/2/13">Stem Formation in French Verbs: Structure, Rules, and Allomorphy</a>. <i>Languages</i> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). <b>1</b> (2): 13. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Flanguages1020013">10.3390/languages1020013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2226-471X">2226-471X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Languages&amp;rft.atitle=Stem+Formation+in+French+Verbs%3A+Structure%2C+Rules%2C+and+Allomorphy&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=13&amp;rft.date=2016-12-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Flanguages1020013&amp;rft.issn=2226-471X&amp;rft.aulast=Estivalet&amp;rft.aufirst=Gustavo&amp;rft.au=Meunier%2C+Fanny&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F2226-471X%2F1%2F2%2F13&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AFrancuski+jezik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter, Henriette; Walter, Gérard. 1998. <i>Dictionnaire des mots d'origine étrangère</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=36" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/2006/http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=FRN">Ethnologue (14th)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/2008/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=fra">Ethnologue (15th)</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Slu%C5%BEbeni_jezici_UN-a" title="Predložak:Službeni jezici UN-a"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Slu%C5%BEbeni_jezici_UN-a&amp;action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Slu%C5%BEbeni_jezik" title="Službeni jezik">Službeni jezici</a> <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeni_narodi" title="Ujedinjeni narodi">Ujedinjenih naroda</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arapski_jezik" title="Arapski jezik">arapski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mandarinski_kineski_jezik" title="Mandarinski kineski jezik">mandarinski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engleski</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">francuski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik">ruski</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panjolski_jezik" title="Španjolski jezik">španjolski</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background:#e8e8ff;" colspan="3"><small> <i>Izvor: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/">Službena stranica UN-a</a></i></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Slu%C5%BEbeni_jezici_EU" title="Predložak:Službeni jezici EU"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Slu%C5%BEbeni_jezici_EU&amp;action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Slu%C5%BEbeni_jezici_Europske_unije" title="Službeni jezici Europske unije">Službeni jezici Europske unije</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bugarski_jezik" title="Bugarski jezik">bugarski</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Češki jezik">češki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Danski_jezik" title="Danski jezik">danski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engleski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik">estonski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Finski_jezik" title="Finski jezik">finski</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">francuski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grčki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_jezik" title="Hrvatski jezik">hrvatski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irski_jezik" title="Irski jezik">irski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Latvijski_jezik" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijski jezik">latvijski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Litavski_jezik" title="Litavski jezik">litavski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91arski_jezik" title="Mađarski jezik">mađarski</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Malte%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Malteški jezik">malteški</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nizozemski_jezik" title="Nizozemski jezik">nizozemski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik">njemački</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poljski_jezik" title="Poljski jezik">poljski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Portugalski_jezik" title="Portugalski jezik">portugalski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rumunjski_jezik" title="Rumunjski jezik">rumunjski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Slova%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Slovački jezik">slovački</a> • <a href="/wiki/Slovenski_jezik" title="Slovenski jezik">slovenski</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panjolski_jezik" title="Španjolski jezik">španjolski</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedski_jezik" title="Švedski jezik">švedski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Talijanski_jezik" title="Talijanski jezik">talijanski</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zastava Europske unije"><img alt="Zastava Europske unije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/80px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background:#e8e8ff;" colspan="3"><small><i>Izvor: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europa.eu">Službene mrežne stranice EU</a></i> • <i>Vidi još: <a href="https://hr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Europska_unija" class="extiw" title="wikt:Europska unija">Nazivi EU na raznim jezicima</a></i></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Francuski_jezici" title="Predložak:Francuski jezici"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Francuski_jezici&amp;action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Francuski_jezici" title="Francuski jezici">Francuski jezici</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Francuski_jezici" title="Francuski jezici">Francuski jezici</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francuski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Judeofrancuski_jezik" title="Judeofrancuski jezik">Judeofrancuski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kajunski_jezik" title="Kajunski jezik">Kajunski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pikardijski_jezik" title="Pikardijski jezik">Pikardijski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Valonski_jezik" title="Valonski jezik">Valonski</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Povijesni francuski jezici<b></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anglonormanski_jezik" title="Anglonormanski jezik">Anglonormanski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Srednjovjekovni_francuski_jezik" title="Srednjovjekovni francuski jezik">Srednjovjekovni francuski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Starofrancuski_jezik" title="Starofrancuski jezik">Starofrancuski</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Francuska" title="Predložak:Francuska"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Francuska&amp;action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/24px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/36px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Simboli i identitet</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Grb_Francuske" title="Grb Francuske">Grb Francuske</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zastava_Francuske" title="Zastava Francuske">Zastava Francuske</a> • <a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" class="mw-redirect" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuski_dr%C5%BEavni_praznik" title="Francuski državni praznik">Francuski državni praznik</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galski_pijetao&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Galski pijetao (stranica ne postoji)">Galski pijetao</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Francuski_grb" title="Francuski grb"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/60px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/90px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/120px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljopis_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zemljopis Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Zemljopis</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dka_podjela_Francuske" title="Politička podjela Francuske">Politička podjela Francuske</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuske_regije" title="Francuske regije">Francuske regije</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuski_departmani" title="Francuski departmani">Francuski departmani</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prekomorski_departmani_i_regije_Francuske" title="Prekomorski departmani i regije Francuske">Prekomorski departmani i regije</a> • <a href="/wiki/Okruzi_Francuske" title="Okruzi Francuske">Okruzi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kantoni_u_Francuskoj" title="Kantoni u Francuskoj">Kantoni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dodatak:Popis_gradova_u_Francuskoj" title="Dodatak:Popis gradova u Francuskoj">Gradovi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Pariz</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klima_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klima Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Klima</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_rijeka_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis rijeka u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Rijeke</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_planina_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis planina u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Planine</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_jezera_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis jezera u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Jezera</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_otoka_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis otoka u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Otoci</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalni_parkovi_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalni parkovi Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Nacionalni parkovi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Korzika" title="Korzika">Korzika‎</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biskajski_zaljev" title="Biskajski zaljev">Biskajski zaljev</a> • <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> • <a href="/wiki/Provansa" title="Provansa">Provansa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sredi%C5%A1nji_masiv" title="Središnji masiv">Središnji masiv</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Francuske" title="Povijest Francuske">Povijest</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kraljevina_Francuska" title="Kraljevina Francuska">Apsolutistička kraljevina</a> (843. – 1791.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kraljevina_Francuska_(1791._%E2%80%93_1792.)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kraljevina Francuska (1791. – 1792.) (stranica ne postoji)">Ustavna kraljevina</a> (1791. – 1972.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/Prva_Francuska_Republika" title="Prva Francuska Republika">Prva Republika</a> (1792. – 1804.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/Prvo_Francusko_Carstvo" title="Prvo Francusko Carstvo">Prvo Carstvo</a> (1804. – 1814.; 1815.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Restauracija_Burbona&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Restauracija Burbona (stranica ne postoji)">Restauracija Burbona</a> (1814. – 1815.; 1815. – 1830.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srpanjska_Monarhija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Srpanjska Monarhija (stranica ne postoji)">Srpanjska Monarhija</a> (1830. – 1848.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/Druga_Francuska_Republika" title="Druga Francuska Republika">Druga Republika</a> (1848. – 1852.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/Drugo_Francusko_Carstvo" title="Drugo Francusko Carstvo">Drugo Carstvo</a> (1852. – 1870.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87a_Francuska_Republika" title="Treća Francuska Republika">Treća Republika</a> (1870. – 1940.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1ijska_Francuska" title="Višijska Francuska">Višijska Francuska</a> (1940. – 1944.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/Privremena_vlada_Francuske_Republike" title="Privremena vlada Francuske Republike">Privremena vlada</a> (1944. – 1946.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cetvrta_Francuska_Republika" title="Četvrta Francuska Republika">Četvrta Republika</a> (1946. – 1958.)&#160;<sup></sup>• <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Peta Republika</a> (od 1958.)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Politika i gospodarstvo</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuski_parlament&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francuski parlament (stranica ne postoji)">Francuski parlament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuski_senat" title="Francuski senat">Francuski senat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Narodna_skup%C5%A1tina_(Francuska)" title="Narodna skupština (Francuska)">Narodna skupština</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premijer_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Premijer Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Premijer</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Predsjednik_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Predsjednik Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Predsjednik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elizejska_pala%C4%8Da" title="Elizejska palača">Elizejska palača</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hrvatsko-francuski_odnosi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hrvatsko-francuski odnosi (stranica ne postoji)">Hrvatsko-francuski odnosi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hrvati_u_Francuskoj" title="Hrvati u Francuskoj">Hrvati u Francuskoj</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuzi_u_Hrvatskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francuzi u Hrvatskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Francuzi u Hrvatskoj</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oru%C5%BEane_snage_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oružane snage Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Oružane snage</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospodarstvo_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gospodarstvo Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Gospodarstvo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Promet_Francuske" title="Promet Francuske">Promet</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Automobilska_industrija_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Automobilska industrija Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Automobilska industrija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turizam_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Turizam u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Turizam</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodatak:Popis_sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1ta_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodatak:Popis sveučilišta u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Popis sveučilišta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_Universit%C3%A9" title="Sorbonne Université">Sorbonne Université</a> • <a href="/wiki/Putovnica_Francuske" title="Putovnica Francuske">Putovnica Francuske</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Društvo, kultura i sport</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanovni%C5%A1tvo_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanovništvo Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Stanovništvo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuzi" title="Francuzi">Francuzi</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francuski jezik</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultura_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kultura Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Kultura</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umjetnost_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Umjetnost Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Umjetnost</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhitektura_Francuske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhitektura Francuske (stranica ne postoji)">Arhitektura</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Francuska književnost">Književnost</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuska_kinematografija" title="Francuska kinematografija">Kinematografija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuska_glazba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francuska glazba (stranica ne postoji)">Glazba</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obrazovanje_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Obrazovanje u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Obrazovanje</a> • <a href="/wiki/Religija_u_Francuskoj" title="Religija u Francuskoj">Religija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anstvo_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kršćanstvo u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Kršćanstvo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Katoli%C4%8Dka_Crkva_u_Francuskoj" title="Katolička Crkva u Francuskoj">Katolička Crkva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Svjetska_ba%C5%A1tina_u_Francuskoj" title="Svjetska baština u Francuskoj">Svjetska baština u Francuskoj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuska_kuhinja" title="Francuska kuhinja">Francuska kuhinja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija_na_francuskom_jeziku" title="Wikipedija na francuskom jeziku">Wikipedija na francuskom jeziku</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_u_Francuskoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport u Francuskoj (stranica ne postoji)">Sport</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuska_na_Olimpijskim_igrama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francuska na Olimpijskim igrama (stranica ne postoji)">Francuska na OI</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuska_nogometna_reprezentacija" title="Francuska nogometna reprezentacija">Francuska nogometna reprezentacija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuska_rukometna_reprezentacija" title="Francuska rukometna reprezentacija">Francuska rukometna reprezentacija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francuska_ko%C5%A1arka%C5%A1ka_reprezentacija" title="Francuska košarkaška reprezentacija">Francuska košarkaška reprezentacija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roland_Garros" title="Roland Garros">Roland Garros</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐69bc8479c8‐mrf9b Cached time: 20241202104725 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.715 seconds Real time usage: 1.387 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4873/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 134103/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 23433/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 158489/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.291/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5731550/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 547.467 1 -total 60.09% 328.960 1 Predložak:Izvori 23.09% 126.399 14 Predložak:Citiranje_weba 14.85% 81.275 18 Predložak:Citiranje_knjige 13.12% 71.816 12 Predložak:Citiranje_časopisa 9.14% 50.040 1 Predložak:Infookvir_jezik 8.00% 43.773 21 Predložak:Z+X 7.62% 41.719 6 Predložak:Glavni 5.76% 31.516 4 Predložak:Navigacija 4.84% 26.507 1 Predložak:Francuski_jezici --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key hrwiki:pcache:19983:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241202104725 and revision id 6997861. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;oldid=6997861">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;oldid=6997861</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_kojima_nedostaje_izvor" title="Kategorija:Članci kojima nedostaje izvor">Članci kojima nedostaje izvor</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Articles_with_hatnote_templates_targeting_a_nonexistent_page&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page (stranica ne postoji)">Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Francuski_jezik" title="Kategorija:Francuski jezik">Francuski jezik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Francuski_jezici" title="Kategorija:Francuski jezici">Francuski jezici</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Francuske" title="Kategorija:Jezici Francuske">Jezici Francuske</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Belgije" title="Kategorija:Jezici Belgije">Jezici Belgije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Benina" title="Kategorija:Jezici Benina">Jezici Benina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Burkine_Faso" title="Kategorija:Jezici Burkine Faso">Jezici Burkine Faso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Burundija" title="Kategorija:Jezici Burundija">Jezici Burundija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_%C4%8Cada" title="Kategorija:Jezici Čada">Jezici Čada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Demokratske_Republike_Konga" title="Kategorija:Jezici Demokratske Republike Konga">Jezici Demokratske Republike Konga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_D%C5%BEibutija" title="Kategorija:Jezici Džibutija">Jezici Džibutija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Ekvatorijalne_Gvineje" title="Kategorija:Jezici Ekvatorijalne Gvineje">Jezici Ekvatorijalne Gvineje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Francuske_Polinezije" title="Kategorija:Jezici Francuske Polinezije">Jezici Francuske Polinezije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Gabona" title="Kategorija:Jezici Gabona">Jezici Gabona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Gvadalupea" title="Kategorija:Jezici Gvadalupea">Jezici Gvadalupea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Gvineje" title="Kategorija:Jezici Gvineje">Jezici Gvineje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Haitija" title="Kategorija:Jezici Haitija">Jezici Haitija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Kameruna" title="Kategorija:Jezici Kameruna">Jezici Kameruna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Kanade" title="Kategorija:Jezici Kanade">Jezici Kanade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Komora" title="Kategorija:Jezici Komora">Jezici Komora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Republike_Konga" title="Kategorija:Jezici Republike Konga">Jezici Republike Konga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Libanona" title="Kategorija:Jezici Libanona">Jezici Libanona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Madagaskara" title="Kategorija:Jezici Madagaskara">Jezici Madagaskara</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Malija" title="Kategorija:Jezici Malija">Jezici Malija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Mauricijusa" title="Kategorija:Jezici Mauricijusa">Jezici Mauricijusa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Mayottea" title="Kategorija:Jezici Mayottea">Jezici Mayottea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Monaka" title="Kategorija:Jezici Monaka">Jezici Monaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Nigera" title="Kategorija:Jezici Nigera">Jezici Nigera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Nove_Kaledonije" title="Kategorija:Jezici Nove Kaledonije">Jezici Nove Kaledonije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Obale_Bjelokosti" title="Kategorija:Jezici Obale Bjelokosti">Jezici Obale Bjelokosti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Reuniona" title="Kategorija:Jezici Reuniona">Jezici Reuniona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Ruande" title="Kategorija:Jezici Ruande">Jezici Ruande</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Senegala" title="Kategorija:Jezici Senegala">Jezici Senegala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Sej%C5%A1ela" title="Kategorija:Jezici Sejšela">Jezici Sejšela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Srednjoafri%C4%8Dke_Republike" title="Kategorija:Jezici Srednjoafričke Republike">Jezici Srednjoafričke Republike</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sveti_Petar_i_Mikelon" title="Kategorija:Sveti Petar i Mikelon">Sveti Petar i Mikelon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_%C5%A0vicarske" title="Kategorija:Jezici Švicarske">Jezici Švicarske</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Togoa" title="Kategorija:Jezici Togoa">Jezici Togoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Vanuatua" title="Kategorija:Jezici Vanuatua">Jezici Vanuatua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Al%C5%BEira" title="Kategorija:Jezici Alžira">Jezici Alžira</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Andore" title="Kategorija:Jezici Andore">Jezici Andore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Francuske_Gijane" title="Kategorija:Jezici Francuske Gijane">Jezici Francuske Gijane</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Indije" title="Kategorija:Jezici Indije">Jezici Indije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Italije" title="Kategorija:Jezici Italije">Jezici Italije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Kambod%C5%BEe" title="Kategorija:Jezici Kambodže">Jezici Kambodže</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Luksemburga" title="Kategorija:Jezici Luksemburga">Jezici Luksemburga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Martinika" title="Kategorija:Jezici Martinika">Jezici Martinika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_SAD-a" title="Kategorija:Jezici SAD-a">Jezici SAD-a</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Tunisa" title="Kategorija:Jezici Tunisa">Jezici Tunisa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Ujedinjenog_Kraljevstva" title="Kategorija:Jezici Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva">Jezici Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_Wallisa_i_Futune" title="Kategorija:Jezici Wallisa i Futune">Jezici Wallisa i Futune</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Slu%C5%BEbeni_jezici" title="Kategorija:Službeni jezici">Službeni jezici</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_po_abecedi:F" title="Kategorija:Jezici po abecedi:F">Jezici po abecedi:F</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_prekomorskih_departmana_Francuske" title="Kategorija:Jezici prekomorskih departmana Francuske">Jezici prekomorskih departmana Francuske</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Jezici_prekomorskih_zajednica_Francuske" title="Kategorija:Jezici prekomorskih zajednica Francuske">Jezici prekomorskih zajednica Francuske</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivene kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_upotrebe_(engleski)" title="Kategorija:CS1 upotrebe (engleski)">CS1 upotrebe (engleski)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_upotrebe_(francuski)" title="Kategorija:CS1 upotrebe (francuski)">CS1 upotrebe (francuski)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 30. srpnja 2024. u 19:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. Pogledajte <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Uvjete upotrebe</a> za detalje.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Zaštita privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Impresum">Impresum</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Op%C4%87e_odricanje_od_odgovornosti">Odricanje od odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Razvojni programeri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/hr.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//hr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francuski_jezik&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Prikaz za mobilne uređaje</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-69bc8479c8-mrf9b","wgBackendResponseTime":1671,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.715","walltime":"1.387","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4873,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":134103,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23433,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":158489,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 547.467 1 -total"," 60.09% 328.960 1 Predložak:Izvori"," 23.09% 126.399 14 Predložak:Citiranje_weba"," 14.85% 81.275 18 Predložak:Citiranje_knjige"," 13.12% 71.816 12 Predložak:Citiranje_časopisa"," 9.14% 50.040 1 Predložak:Infookvir_jezik"," 8.00% 43.773 21 Predložak:Z+X"," 7.62% 41.719 6 Predložak:Glavni"," 5.76% 31.516 4 Predložak:Navigacija"," 4.84% 26.507 1 Predložak:Francuski_jezici"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.291","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5731550,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"m\t11\nm\t3\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-69bc8479c8-mrf9b","timestamp":"20241202104725","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Francuski jezik","url":"https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francuski_jezik","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q150","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q150","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Doprinositelji projektima Wikimedije"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-05T14:23:34Z","dateModified":"2024-07-30T18:32:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b3\/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg","headline":"romanski jezik"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10