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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;"/><title>Exodus 21:13 Commentaries: "But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then I will appoint you a place to which he may flee.</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/newcom.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.</div><div id="jump">Jump to: <a href="/commentaries/barnes/exodus/21.htm" title="Barnes' Notes">Barnes</a> • <a href="/commentaries/benson/exodus/21.htm" title="Benson Commentary">Benson</a> • <a href="/commentaries/illustrator/exodus/21.htm" title="Biblical Illustrator">BI</a> • <a href="/commentaries/calvin/exodus/21.htm" title="Calvin's Commentaries">Calvin</a> • <a href="/commentaries/cambridge/exodus/21.htm" title="Cambridge Bible">Cambridge</a> • <a href="/commentaries/clarke/exodus/21.htm" title="Clarke's Commentary">Clarke</a> • <a href="/commentaries/darby/exodus/21.htm" title="Darby's Bible Synopsis">Darby</a> • <a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/21.htm" title="Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers">Ellicott</a> • <a href="/commentaries/expositors/exodus/21.htm" title="Expositor's Bible">Expositor's</a> • <a href="/commentaries/edt/exodus/21.htm" title="Expositor's Dictionary">Exp Dct</a> • <a href="/commentaries/gaebelein/exodus/21.htm" title="Gaebelein's Annotated Bible">Gaebelein</a> • <a href="/commentaries/gsb/exodus/21.htm" title="Geneva Study Bible">GSB</a> • <a href="/commentaries/gill/exodus/21.htm" title="Gill's Bible Exposition">Gill</a> • <a href="/commentaries/gray/exodus/21.htm" title="Gray's Concise">Gray</a> • <a href="/commentaries/guzik/exodus/21.htm" title="Guzik Bible Commentary">Guzik</a> • <a href="/commentaries/haydock/exodus/21.htm" title="Haydock Catholic Bible Commentary">Haydock</a> • <a href="/commentaries/hastings/exodus/14-15.htm" title="Hastings Great Texts">Hastings</a> • <a href="/commentaries/homiletics/exodus/21.htm" title="Pulpit Homiletics">Homiletics</a> • <a href="/commentaries/jfb/exodus/21.htm" title="Jamieson-Fausset-Brown">JFB</a> • <a href="/commentaries/kad/exodus/21.htm" title="Keil and Delitzsch OT">KD</a> • <a href="/commentaries/king-en/exodus/21.htm" title="Kingcomments Bible Studies">King</a> • <a href="/commentaries/lange/exodus/21.htm" title="Lange Commentary">Lange</a> • <a href="/commentaries/maclaren/exodus/21.htm" title="MacLaren Expositions">MacLaren</a> • <a href="/commentaries/mhc/exodus/21.htm" title="Matthew Henry Concise">MHC</a> • <a href="/commentaries/mhcw/exodus/21.htm" title="Matthew Henry Full">MHCW</a> • <a href="/commentaries/parker/exodus/21.htm" title="The People's Bible by Joseph Parker">Parker</a> • <a href="/commentaries/poole/exodus/21.htm" title="Matthew Poole">Poole</a> • <a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/21.htm" title="Pulpit Commentary">Pulpit</a> • <a href="/commentaries/sermon/exodus/21.htm" title="Sermon Bible">Sermon</a> • <a href="/commentaries/sco/exodus/21.htm" title="Scofield Reference Notes">SCO</a> • <a href="/commentaries/ttb/exodus/21.htm" title="Through The Bible">TTB</a> • <a href="/commentaries/wes/exodus/21.htm" title="Wesley's Notes">WES</a> • <a href="#tsk" title="Treasury of Scripture Knowledge">TSK</a></div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="comtype">EXPOSITORY (ENGLISH BIBLE)</div><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/21.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(13) <span class= "bld">If a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand.</span>—If, that is, without malice aforethought, a man happen upon his enemy, God’s providence bringing the two into contact without man’s contrivance, and the result is that one slay the other, then the law of the refuge or asylum shall come in. A place is to be provided whither the man-slayer may flee, and where he may be safe, at any rate until the cause is inquired into. Hitherto, throughout the East, it had been regarded as the duty of the next of kin to avenge homicide of whatever kind, and blood had been exacted for blood, however sudden, however provoked, however excusable had been the homicide. No right of asylum, so far as we know, had ever been established before. The Sinaitic legislation for the first time interposed the “city of refuge,” between the “avenger of blood” and his victim. It was for the elders of the city to see that the privilege was not abused. Where the case was doubtful, the man-slayer had to be remitted for trial to the elders of his own town (<a href="/context/numbers/35-22.htm" title="But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast on him any thing without laying of wait,">Numbers 35:22-25</a>); where the elders considered his claim made out, he was entitled to protection.<p><a name="mhc" id="mhc"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/mhc/exodus/21.htm">Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary</a></div>21:12-21 God, who by his providence gives and maintains life, by his law protects it. A wilful murderer shall be taken even from God's altar. But God provided cities of refuge to protect those whose unhappiness it was, and not their fault, to cause the death of another; for such as by accident, when a man is doing a lawful act, without intent of hurt, happens to kill another. Let children hear the sentence of God's word upon the ungrateful and disobedient; and remember that God will certainly requite it, if they have ever cursed their parents, even in their hearts, or have lifted up their hands against them, except they repent, and flee for refuge to the Saviour. And let parents hence learn to be very careful in training up their children, setting them a good example, especially in the government of their passions, and in praying for them; taking heed not to provoke them to wrath. Through poverty the Israelites sometimes sold themselves or their children; magistrates sold some persons for their crimes, and creditors were in some cases allowed to sell their debtors who could not pay. But man-stealing, the object of which is to force another into slavery, is ranked in the New Testament with the greatest crimes. Care is here taken, that satisfaction be made for hurt done to a person, though death do not follow. The gospel teaches masters to forbear, and to moderate threatenings, Eph 6:9, considering with Job, What shall I do, when God riseth up? Job 31:13,14.<a name="bar" id="bar"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/barnes/exodus/21.htm">Barnes' Notes on the Bible</a></div>There was no place of safety for the guilty murderer, not even the altar of Yahweh. Thus all superstitious notions connected with the right of sanctuary were excluded. Adonijah and Joab <a href="/1_kings/1-50.htm">1 Kings 1:50</a>; <a href="/1_kings/2-28.htm">1 Kings 2:28</a> appear to have vainly trusted that the common feeling would protect them, if they took hold of the horns of the altar on which atonement with blood was made <a href="/leviticus/4-7.htm">Leviticus 4:7</a>. But for one who killed a man "at unawares," that is, without intending to do it, the law afterward appointed places of refuge, <a href="http://biblehub.com/numbers/35-6.htm">Numbers 35:6-34</a>; <a href="http://biblehub.com/deuteronomy/4-41.htm">Deuteronomy 4:41-43</a>; <a href="http://biblehub.com/deuteronomy/19-2.htm">Deuteronomy 19:2-10</a>; <a href="http://biblehub.com/joshua/20-2.htm">Joshua 20:2-9</a>. It is very probable that there was some provision answering to the cities of refuge, that may have been based upon old usage, in the camp in the Wilderness. <a name="jfb" id="jfb"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/jfb/exodus/21.htm">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary</a></div>Ex 21:7-36. Laws for Maidservants.<p>7-11. if a man sell his daughter—Hebrew girls might be redeemed for a reasonable sum. But in the event of her parents or friends being unable to pay the redemption money, her owner was not at liberty to sell her elsewhere. Should she have been betrothed to him or his son, and either change their minds, a maintenance must be provided for her suitable to her condition as his intended wife, or her freedom instantly granted.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/poole/exodus/21.htm">Matthew Poole's Commentary</a></div> If it appear that the manslayer did not intend nor desire it, but only it fell out by his heedlessness, or by some casualty, or by some unexpected providence; or, God, and not man, God without the man’s contrivance or design; for otherwise, in a general sense and way, God delivered Christ into the hands of Judas and the Jews, who did advisedly and maliciously kill him. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">A place whither he shall flee, </span> i.e. a city or place of refuge, <span class="bldvs"> <a href="/numbers/35-11.htm" title="Then you shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which kills any person at unawares.">Numbers 35:11</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/19-5.htm" title="As when a man goes into the wood with his neighbor to hew wood, and his hand fetches a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the helve, and lights on his neighbor, that he die; he shall flee to one of those cities, and live:">Deu 19:5</a></span>. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="gil" id="gil"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/gill/exodus/21.htm">Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible</a></div>And if a man lie not in wait,.... For the life of another to take it away; or does not do it willingly, as the Septuagint version, does not seek after it, nor design it: <p>but God delivers him into his hand; it being suffered and ordered by the providence of God, without whose knowledge and will nothing comes to pass, even what may seem to be a contingent thing, or matter of chance, to us; or it is so brought about in providence, that one man falls into the hands of another, and his life is taken away by him, though not purposely and maliciously; because, as Aben Ezra expresses it, for another sin which he has committed, and for which he must die in this way, though not intended by the person the more immediate cause of his death: <p>then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee; and there be safe both from the avenger of blood, and the civil magistrate; which place, while Israel were in the wilderness, was the camp of the Levites, according to Jarchi, or the altar, as follows; but when they were come to Canaan's land, there were cities of refuge appointed for such persons, that killed a man unawares, to flee to, and where they were safe from private vengeance, and falling a sacrifice to public justice. <a name="gsb" id="gsb"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/gsb/exodus/21.htm">Geneva Study Bible</a></div><span class="cverse2">And if a man lie not in wait, but <span class="cverse3">{l}</span> God deliver <i>him</i> into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.</span><p>(l) Though a man be killed unawares, yet it is God's providence that it should so be.</div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="comtype">EXEGETICAL (ORIGINAL LANGUAGES)</div><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/cambridge/exodus/21.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a></div><span class="bld">13</span><span class="ital">.</span> Manslaughter, and the right of asylum. The distinction, not found in Homer, but thus early drawn among the Hebrews, between intentional and unintentional homicide is noteworthy: it is insisted on in all the codes (<a href="/context/deuteronomy/19-1.htm" title="When the LORD your God has cut off the nations, whose land the LORD your God gives you, and you succeed them, and dwell in their cities, and in their houses;...">Deuteronomy 19:1-13</a>; <a href="/context/numbers/35-9.htm" title="And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,...">Numbers 35:9-34</a> P).<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">lie</span> … <span class="ital">in wait</span>] <a href="/1_samuel/24-11.htm" title="Moreover, my father, see, yes, see the skirt of your robe in my hand: for in that I cut off the skirt of your robe, and killed you not, know you and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against you; yet you hunt my soul to take it.">1 Samuel 24:11</a> (RVm.)†: cf. the derivative, ‘with <span class="ital">lying in wait</span>’ (i.e. with malicious intent), in P’s law of homicide, <a href="/numbers/35-20.htm" title="But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of wait, that he die;">Numbers 35:20</a>; <a href="/numbers/35-22.htm" title="But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast on him any thing without laying of wait,">Numbers 35:22</a> (‘without’)†. In Dt. and D2[187] the idea of ‘unintentional’ is expressed by <span class="ital">unawares</span> (lit. <span class="ital">without knowledge</span>), <a href="/deuteronomy/4-42.htm" title="That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbor unawares, and hated him not in times past; and that fleeing to one of these cities he might live:">Deuteronomy 4:42</a>; <a href="/deuteronomy/19-4.htm" title="And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoever kills his neighbor ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;">Deuteronomy 19:4</a>, <a href="/joshua/20-3.htm" title="That the slayer that kills any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood.">Joshua 20:3</a>; <a href="/joshua/20-5.htm" title="And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver the slayer up into his hand; because he smote his neighbor unwittingly, and hated him not beforetime.">Joshua 20:5</a>; P says <span class="ital">unwittingly</span> (lit. <span class="ital">in error</span>), <a href="/numbers/35-11.htm" title="Then you shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which kills any person at unawares.">Numbers 35:11</a>; <a href="/numbers/35-15.htm" title="These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that every one that kills any person unawares may flee thither.">Numbers 35:15</a>, <a href="/joshua/20-3.htm" title="That the slayer that kills any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood.">Joshua 20:3</a>; <a href="/joshua/20-9.htm" title="These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojournes among them, that whoever kills any person at unawares might flee thither, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood, until he stood before the congregation.">Joshua 20:9</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span>[187] Deuteronomic passages in Josh., Jud., Kings.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">deliver</span>] in the Heb. a rare word, meaning properly, as Arabic shews, <span class="ital">bring opportunely</span> (cf. the derivative <span class="ital">opportunity</span>, <a href="/judges/14-4.htm" title="But his father and his mother knew not that it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Israel.">Jdg 14:4</a>). The meaning of the clause is (as we should express it), if he kills him <span class="ital">accidentally</span>. Cf. Ḥamm. § 249 ‘if God have struck it (a hired ox), and it die,’ 266 ‘a stroke of God’ (killing a sheep), below, p. 423.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">a place whither he shall flee</span>] i.e. an asylum where he may be safe from the avenger of blood. <span class="ital">V.</span> 14, which speaks of the fugitive as having taken refuge at an <span class="ital">altar</span>, shews that the place meant can only be the sacred place at which the altar stood. In the later legislation of Dt. (<a href="/context/deuteronomy/19-1.htm" title="When the LORD your God has cut off the nations, whose land the LORD your God gives you, and you succeed them, and dwell in their cities, and in their houses;...">Deuteronomy 19:1-13</a>) fixed cities are appointed for the purpose and regulations for their use are laid down. The technical term, ‘cities of refuge,’ first occurs in P (<a href="/numbers/35-6.htm" title="And among the cities which you shall give to the Levites there shall be six cities for refuge, which you shall appoint for the manslayer, that he may flee thither: and to them you shall add forty and two cities.">Numbers 35:6</a>; <a href="/numbers/35-11.htm" title="Then you shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which kills any person at unawares.">Numbers 35:11</a> ff.). In ancient times ‘the right of asylum was possessed by different sanctuaries in various degrees, depending on prescription, the holiness of the place, and other circumstances; it sometimes extended to an entire city, or even to a mark beyond its walls.… In the Greek period, and later (under Roman rule), many Hellenistic cities in Syria enjoyed the privileges of asylums, the title <span class="greekheb">ἄσυλος</span> appearing on their coins’ (Moore, in <span class="ital">EB.</span> Asylum). Cf. <span class="ital">Rel. Sem.</span> 148. Moslems, adhering to the tradition of heathen times, treat tombs, esp. those of ancestors, notabilities, and saints, as asylums.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="pul" id="pul"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/21.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 13.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">God deliver him into his hand</span>. This does not seem to mean more than, "if he chance upon him without seeking him." God' s providence does in fact bring about the meetings which men call accidental. <span class="cmt_word">I will appoint thee a place</span>. When we first hear of the actual appointment, the number of the places was six - three on either side of Jordan. (See <a href="/joshua/20-7.htm">Joshua 20:7, 8</a>; and compare <a href="/numbers/35-10.htm">Numbers 35:10-15</a>, and <a href="/deuteronomy/19-2.htm">Deuteronomy 19:2</a>.) Thus there was always a city of refuge at a reasonable distance. Exodus 21:13<a name="kad" id="kad"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/kad/exodus/21.htm">Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament</a></div>Still higher than personal liberty, however, is life itself, the right of existence and personality; and the infliction of injury upon this was not only prohibited, but to be followed by punishment corresponding to the crime. The principle of retribution, jus talionis, which is the only one that embodies the idea of justice, lies at the foundation of these threats.<p><a href="http://biblehub.com/exodus/21-12.htm">Exodus 21:12-13</a><p>A death-blow was to be punished with death (cf. <a href="/genesis/9-6.htm">Genesis 9:6</a>; <a href="/leviticus/24-17.htm">Leviticus 24:17</a>). "He that smiteth a man and (so that) he die (whether on the spot or directly afterwards did not matter), he shall be put to death." This general rule is still further defined by a distinction being drawn between accidental and intentional killing. "But whoever has not lain in wait (for another's life), and God has caused it to come to his hand" (to kill the other); i.e., not only if he did not intend to kill him, but did not even cherish the intention of smiting him, or of doing him harm from hatred and enmity (<a href="http://biblehub.com/numbers/35-16.htm">Numbers 35:16-23</a>; <a href="http://biblehub.com/deuteronomy/19-4.htm">Deuteronomy 19:4-5</a>), and therefore did so quite unawares, according to a dispensation of God, which is generally called an accident because it is above our comprehension. For such a man God would appoint places of refuge, where he should be protected against the avenger of blood. (On this point, see <a href="/numbers/35-9.htm">Numbers 35:9</a>.).<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 Interlinear</a><br /><a href="/texts/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 Parallel Texts</a><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/niv/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="http://bibleapps.com/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 Bible Apps</a><br /><a href="/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 Parallel</a><br /><a href="http://bibliaparalela.com/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="http://holybible.com.cn/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="http://saintebible.com/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 French Bible</a><br /><a href="http://bibeltext.com/exodus/21-13.htm">Exodus 21:13 German Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/">Bible Hub</a><br /></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td align="center"><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="../exodus/21-12.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 21:12"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 21:12" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="../exodus/21-14.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 21:14"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 21:14" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div> <div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>