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Saadaval 30 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1" title="تيار الجهد العالي المستمر – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيار الجهد العالي المستمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrent_continu_d%27alta_tensi%C3%B3" title="Corrent continu d'alta tensió – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corrent continu d'alta tensió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stejnosm%C4%9Brn%C3%BD_proud_o_vysok%C3%A9m_nap%C4%9Bt%C3%AD" title="Stejnosměrný proud o vysokém napětí – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stejnosměrný proud o vysokém napětí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVDC" title="HVDC – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="HVDC" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-%C3%9Cbertragung" title="Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Übertragung – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Übertragung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Συνεχές ρεύμα υψηλής τάσης – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνεχές ρεύμα υψηλής τάσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current" title="High-voltage direct current – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="High-voltage direct current" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corriente_continua_de_alta_tensi%C3%B3n" title="Corriente continua de alta tensión – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corriente continua de alta tensión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%98_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="جریان مستقیم ولتاژ بالا – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جریان مستقیم ولتاژ بالا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courant_continu_haute_tension" title="Courant continu haute tension – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Courant continu haute tension" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B3%A0%EC%95%95%EC%A7%81%EB%A5%98%EC%86%A1%EC%A0%84" title="초고압직류송전 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초고압직류송전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="उच्च-वोल्टता डीसी पारेषण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उच्च-वोल्टता डीसी पारेषण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visokonaponska_istosmjerna_struja" title="Visokonaponska istosmjerna struja – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Visokonaponska istosmjerna struja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_continua_ad_alta_tensione" title="Corrente continua ad alta tensione – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corrente continua ad alta tensione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagyfesz%C3%BClts%C3%A9g%C5%B1_egyen%C3%A1ram%C3%BA_%C3%A1tviteli_h%C3%A1l%C3%B3zat" title="Nagyfeszültségű egyenáramú átviteli hálózat – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nagyfeszültségű egyenáramú átviteli hálózat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoogspanningsgelijkstroom" title="Hoogspanningsgelijkstroom – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoogspanningsgelijkstroom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%80%81%E9%9B%BB" title="直流送電 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="直流送電" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8yspent_likestr%C3%B8msoverf%C3%B8ring" title="Høyspent likestrømsoverføring – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Høyspent likestrømsoverføring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linia_wysokiego_napi%C4%99cia_pr%C4%85du_sta%C5%82ego" title="Linia wysokiego napięcia prądu stałego – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Linia wysokiego napięcia prądu stałego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_cont%C3%ADnua_em_alta_tens%C3%A3o" title="Corrente contínua em alta tensão – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Corrente contínua em alta tensão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linie_de_%C3%AEnalt%C4%83_tensiune_%C3%AEn_curent_continuu" title="Linie de înaltă tensiune în curent continuu – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Linie de înaltă tensiune în curent continuu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Высоковольтная линия постоянного тока – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Высоковольтная линия постоянного тока" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current" title="High-voltage direct current – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="High-voltage direct current" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Високонапонска једносмерна струја – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Високонапонска једносмерна струја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurj%C3%A4nnitetasavirta" title="Suurjännitetasavirta – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suurjännitetasavirta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6gsp%C3%A4nd_likstr%C3%B6m" title="Högspänd likström – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Högspänd likström" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87" title="ระบบสายส่งกระแสตรงความดันสูง – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบสายส่งกระแสตรงความดันสูง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCksek_voltajl%C4%B1_do%C4%9Fru_ak%C4%B1m" title="Yüksek voltajlı doğru akım – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yüksek voltajlı doğru akım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Високовольтна лінія постійного струму – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:HVDC_converter_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/HVDC_converter_symbol.png/220px-HVDC_converter_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/HVDC_converter_symbol.png/330px-HVDC_converter_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/HVDC_converter_symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="116" /></a><figcaption>AC/DC- (vahelduvvoolu-alalisvoolu-) muunduse tingmärk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:HVDC_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/HVDC_Europe.svg/220px-HVDC_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/HVDC_Europe.svg/330px-HVDC_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/HVDC_Europe.svg/440px-HVDC_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="1523" /></a><figcaption>Alalisvooluühendused Euroopas<br /> (punase joonega ‒ kasutusel, sinise joonega ‒ ehitamisel või projekteerimisel)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alalisvooluühendus</b> ehk <b>HVDC-edastus</b> (lühend ingliskeelsetest sõnadest <i>high-voltage direct current</i>) on <a href="/wiki/Elektrienergia" title="Elektrienergia">elektrienergia</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B5rgepinge" title="Kõrgepinge">kõrgepingelise</a> <a href="/wiki/Alalisvool" title="Alalisvool">alalisvooluna</a> edastamise moodus, mida kasutatakse suurte elektrienergia koguste edastamiseks kauge maa taha, sealjuures ka eri maade ja erinevate parameetritega elektrisüsteemide vahel. Niisugustel tingimustel on alalisvooluühendus majanduslikult kasulikum kui üldiselt levinud vahelduvvooluedastus. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tehnilis-majanduslikud_kaalutlused">Tehnilis-majanduslikud kaalutlused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Tehnilis-majanduslikud kaalutlused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Tehnilis-majanduslikud kaalutlused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Elektrijaam" title="Elektrijaam">Elektrijaamades</a> toodavad elektrienergiat <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCnkroongeneraator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sünkroongeneraator (pole veel kirjutatud)">sünkroongeneraatorid</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolmefaasiline_toites%C3%BCsteem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolmefaasiline toitesüsteem">kolmefaasilise</a> 50- (või 60-) <a href="/wiki/Herts" title="Herts">hertsise</a> <a href="/wiki/Vahelduvvool" title="Vahelduvvool">vahelduvvooluna</a>. Suurte energiakoguste <a href="/wiki/Elektrienergia_%C3%BClekanne" title="Elektrienergia ülekanne">ülekandmiseks</a> kaugel asuvatele tarbijatele tõstetakse <a href="/wiki/Trafo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trafo">trafo</a> abil pinge mitmesaja kilovoldini, et vähendada liini juhtmeid läbivat voolu ja vastavalt ka neis tekkivat võimsuskadu. Kõrgepingeliini lõpus madaldatakse pinge trafoalajaamas tarbijaile vajaliku väärtuseni. </p><p>Pikas vahelduvvooluliinis põhjustab kõige suuremat võimsuskadu liini <a href="/wiki/Mahtuvus" title="Mahtuvus">mahtuvusest</a> tingitud <a href="/wiki/Reaktiivv%C3%B5imsus" title="Reaktiivvõimsus">reaktiivvõimsus</a>. Mahtuvused esinevad liini juhtmete ja maa vahel, samuti juhtmete endi vahel. Nii moodustunud "kondensaatorite" ümberlaadimine (elektrilaengute ümberpaigutamine) toimub sekundi jooksul 50 korda ühes ja 50 korda teises suunas. See liinis edasi-tagasi kulgev ümberlaadisvool pole mitte ainult kasutu (energiaedastuse seisukohast), vaid põhjustab võimsuskadu, sest vool (<i>I</i>) muutub liini juhtmete takistuses (<i>R</i>) soojuseks (kaovõimsus <i>P</i> = <i>I</i><sup>2</sup><i>R</i>). </p><p>Õhuliinides (pikkusega alla 1000 km) on mahtuvused maa suhtes võrdlemisi väikesed, ent maa- ja merekaablites kasvab reaktiivvõimsuse osa juba 50‒100 kilomeetri pikkuse liini korral sedavõrd, et suurte võimsuste edastamine vahelduvvooluliini kaudu osutub majanduslikult ebatõhusaks. Alalisvoolu korral reaktiivvõimsuskadu puudub, mistõttu seda energia edastamise moodust on hakatud viimastel aastakümnetel järjest ulatuslikumalt rakendama, vaatamata suurtele kulutustele vahelduvvoolu alaldamiseks ja alalisvoolu vaheldamiseks (vastavalt alalisvoolu edastamise trakti alguses ja lõpus). </p><p>HVDC-edastusel väheneb võimsuskadu ka <a href="/wiki/Skinnefekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Skinnefekt">skinnefekti</a> puudumise tõttu. </p><p>Alalisvooluühenduse peamine eelis on seega võimalus mõõdukate kadude juures (enamasti vahemikus 3‒8%) üle kanda suuri, gigavattidesse ulatuvaid võimsusi sadade ja tuhandete kilomeetrite kaugusele. Et ühenduskaablite ristlõige jääks majanduslikult vastuvõetavaks, kasutatakse seda kõrgemat pinget, mida pikem on liin ‒ üle tuhande kilomeetri korral kuni 800 kV. </p><p>Energiakao vähendamise kõrval pakub alalisvooluühendus muidki võimalusi ja rakendusi. Euroopas on mitu erineva sagedusreguleerimisega energiasüsteemi: 1) Skandinaavia maad (Soome, Rootsi, Norra ja osa Taanist); 2) Venemaa energiasüsteemiga ühendatud Eesti, Läti ja Leedu; 3) Euroopa muu mandriosa; 4) Suurbritannia ja Iirimaa. Alalisvooluühendus võimaldab süsteemidevahelist energia ülekannet alalisvooluliinide ja alalisvoolumuundusjaamade kaudu. Nii on võimalik kiiresti reageerida tarbimisvajaduse muutustele eri riikides ja piirkondades. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:HQ_-_Poste_Outaouais_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/HQ_-_Poste_Outaouais_3.jpg/220px-HQ_-_Poste_Outaouais_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/HQ_-_Poste_Outaouais_3.jpg/330px-HQ_-_Poste_Outaouais_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/HQ_-_Poste_Outaouais_3.jpg/440px-HQ_-_Poste_Outaouais_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Muundusseadme fragment: türistorid koos tüürlülituste ja jahutusseadmetega</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muundusjaamad">Muundusjaamad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Muundusjaamad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Muundusjaamad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alalisvooluliini kummaski otsas on muundus- ehk konverterjaam, mis muundab liini sisendotsas kolmefaasilise vahelduvvoolu alalisvooluks ja väljundotsas tagasi vahelduvvooluks. Enamasti tingivad tarbimisvajadused energiavoo edastamist kord ühes, kord teises suunas, seepärast on mõlemad muundusjaamad võimelised talitlema nii alaldus- kui ka vaheldusrežiimis. </p><p>Alalisvooluliinid, mis ühendavad kaugel asuvaid energiaallikaid, nt hüdroelektrijaamu või tuuleenergiakomplekse tarbimiskeskustega, vajavad loomulikult vaid ühesuunalisi muundureid. </p><p>Muundusseadisteks on <a href="/wiki/Paisu_kaudu_suletav_t%C3%BCristor" title="Paisu kaudu suletav türistor">GTO</a>-<a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCristor" title="Türistor">türistorid</a> ja järjest suuremas ulatuses <a href="/wiki/IGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="IGBT">IGBT</a>-<a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistorid</a>. Et ühe seadise lubatav vastupinge ei ületa paari kilovolti ja kasutatakse keerukaid, kuni 12 harust koosnevaid skeeme, sisaldab muunduslülitus sadu ja tuhandeid seadiseid koos tüürlülituste ja vesijahutussüsteemiga. Alaldatud pulseervoolu silutakse <a href="/wiki/Drossel" class="mw-disambig" title="Drossel">drosselitega</a>, mille <a href="/wiki/Induktiivsus" title="Induktiivsus">induktiivsus</a> võib ulatuda ühe <a href="/wiki/Henri" title="Henri">henrini</a>. </p><p>Vahelduvvoolu poolel on kõrgepingetrafode ülesandeks ka mähiste induktiivsusega maha suruda arvukaid harmoonilise võnkumisi väljuvas vahelduvvoolus. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hvdc_monopolar_schematic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hvdc_monopolar_schematic.svg/220px-Hvdc_monopolar_schematic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hvdc_monopolar_schematic.svg/330px-Hvdc_monopolar_schematic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hvdc_monopolar_schematic.svg/440px-Hvdc_monopolar_schematic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Monopolaarse ühenduse skeem (AC 3 ‒ kolmefaasiline vahelduvvool; DC line ‒ alalisvooluliin)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hvdc_bipolar_schematic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hvdc_bipolar_schematic.svg/220px-Hvdc_bipolar_schematic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hvdc_bipolar_schematic.svg/330px-Hvdc_bipolar_schematic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hvdc_bipolar_schematic.svg/440px-Hvdc_bipolar_schematic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Bipolaarse ühenduse skeem (AC 3 ‒ kolmefaasiline vahelduvvool; DC line ‒ alalisvooluliin)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alalisvooluliinid">Alalisvooluliinid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Alalisvooluliinid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Alalisvooluliinid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alalisvooluühendus võib olla monopolaarne või bipolaarne. </p> <ul><li>Monopolaarse ühenduse korral kõrgepingelise alalisvooluallika üks poolus maandatatakse ja energia edastatakse üheainsa õhuliinijuhtme või kaablisoone kaudu; tagasijuhiks on maa või merevesi. Mitme kiloampri suurusele voolule maaühenduse loomiseks on vajalik suuremahuline maandusseade hea juhtivusega pinnases. Selle ühendusviisi põhipuudusteks on maavoolu <a href="/wiki/Korrosioon" title="Korrosioon">korrodeeriv</a> mõju maa sees paiknevatele metalltarinditele ja <a href="/wiki/Elektrokeemia" title="Elektrokeemia">elektrokeemiline</a> mõju veele.</li> <li>Bipolaarse ühenduse korral toimub energiaedastus läbi kahe kaablisoone (või kahe eraldi kaabli), millest ühele antakse maa suhtes positiivne pinge, näiteks 150 kV, ja teisele juhile maa suhtes niisama suur negatiivne pinge, seega on liini pinge näitejuhul ±150 kV ehk 300 kV (nagu see on <a href="/wiki/Estlink" title="Estlink">Estlink</a>-ühendusel). Maad ei läbi siin tarbimisvool, vaid üksnes võrdlemisi väike tasandusvool. Maandamine on vajalik selleks, et ära hoida pinge ebaühtlasest jaotusest tingitud ohtu kaabli isolatsioonile.</li></ul> <p>Bipolaarset ühendust saab vajadust mööda tööle rakendada ka kahe rööbitise monopolaarse ühendusena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estlink" title="Estlink">Estlink</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Estlink_2" title="Estlink 2">Estlink 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrienergia_%C3%BClekanne" title="Elektrienergia ülekanne">Elektrienergia ülekanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5ukaabel" title="Jõukaabel">Jõukaabel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalisvoolu%C3%BChendus&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordicenergylink.com/index.php?id=22">Balti-Soome merekaabel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elering.ee/estlink-1/">EstLink 1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estlink2.elering.ee/et/">EstLink 2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/congresspapers/237.pdf">HVDC</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alalisvooluühendus&oldid=6592080">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alalisvooluühendus&oldid=6592080</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Elektroenergeetika" title="Kategooria:Elektroenergeetika">Elektroenergeetika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 16:20, 27. veebruar 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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