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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_precursors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First precursors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_precursors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_precursors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_precursors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Other precursors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_precursors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modern developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Functions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Functions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Functions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visual_clarity_and_comfort" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_clarity_and_comfort"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Visual clarity and comfort</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_clarity_and_comfort-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assessing_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessing_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Assessing protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessing_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Further functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Standards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Standards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special-use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special-use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Special-use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Special-use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Special-use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Special-use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land_vehicle_driving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_vehicle_driving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Land vehicle driving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_vehicle_driving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_piloting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_piloting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Aircraft piloting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_piloting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Construction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Construction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Lens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Frames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nose_bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nose_bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Nose bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nose_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion_(alphabetically)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion_(alphabetically)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fashion (alphabetically)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fashion_(alphabetically)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fashion (alphabetically) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fashion_(alphabetically)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aviator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Aviator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Browline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Browline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Browline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Browline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oversized" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oversized"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Oversized</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oversized-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shutter_shades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shutter_shades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Shutter shades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shutter_shades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teashades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teashades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Teashades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teashades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wayfarer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayfarer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Wayfarer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayfarer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wrap-around" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wrap-around"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Wrap-around</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wrap-around-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clip-on" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clip-on"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Clip-on</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clip-on-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gradient_lenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gradient_lenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Gradient lenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gradient_lenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flip-up" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flip-up"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Flip-up</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flip-up-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mirrored" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mirrored"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Mirrored</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mirrored-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Producers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunglasses</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظارة شمسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظارة شمسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunetas_de_sol" title="Lunetas de sol – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lunetas de sol" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="রোদ চশমা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোদ চশমা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Слънчеви очила – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слънчеви очила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunedo%C3%B9-heol" title="Lunedoù-heol – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lunedoù-heol" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulleres_de_sol" title="Ulleres de sol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ulleres de sol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slune%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_br%C3%BDle" title="Sluneční brýle – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sluneční brýle" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sbectol_haul" title="Sbectol haul – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sbectol haul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solbriller" title="Solbriller – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Solbriller" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnenbrille" title="Sonnenbrille – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sonnenbrille" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4ikeseprillid" title="Päikeseprillid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Päikeseprillid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gafas_de_sol" title="Gafas de sol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gafas de sol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunokulvitroj" title="Sunokulvitroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sunokulvitroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eguzkitako_betaurreko" title="Eguzkitako betaurreko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eguzkitako betaurreko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="عینک آفتابی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عینک آفتابی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunettes_de_soleil" title="Lunettes de soleil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lunettes de soleil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9acla%C3%AD_gr%C3%A9ine" title="Spéaclaí gréine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spéaclaí gréine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentes_de_sol" title="Lentes de sol – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lentes de sol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EA%B8%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="선글라스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선글라스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Արևային ակնոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևային ակնոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87" title="धूप के चश्मे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धूप के चश्मे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacamata_hitam" title="Kacamata hitam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kacamata hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3lgleraugu" title="Sólgleraugu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sólgleraugu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occhiali_da_sole" title="Occhiali da sole – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Occhiali da sole" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9" title="משקפי שמש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משקפי שמש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napszem%C3%BCveg" title="Napszemüveg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Napszemüveg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സൺഗ്ലാസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൺഗ്ലാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cermin_mata_hitam" title="Cermin mata hitam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cermin mata hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonnebril" title="Zonnebril – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zonnebril" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="कालो चश्मा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कालो चश्मा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9" title="サングラス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サングラス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solbriller" title="Solbriller – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Solbriller" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solbriller" title="Solbriller – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Solbriller" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%90" title="د لمر ضد عینکې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د لمر ضد عینکې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okulary_przeciws%C5%82oneczne" title="Okulary przeciwsłoneczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okulary przeciwsłoneczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93culos_de_sol" title="Óculos de sol – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Óculos de sol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochelari_de_soare" title="Ochelari de soare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ochelari de soare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Солнцезащитные очки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солнцезащитные очки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzet_e_diellit" title="Syzet e diellit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Syzet e diellit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sunglasses" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurinkolasit" title="Aurinkolasit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aurinkolasit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solglas%C3%B6gon" title="Solglasögon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Solglasögon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="தண்ணாடி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தண்ணாடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94" title="แว่นกันแดด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แว่นกันแดด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCne%C5%9F_g%C3%B6zl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Güneş gözlüğü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güneş gözlüğü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Окуляри сонцезахисні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Окуляри сонцезахисні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnh_r%C3%A2m" title="Kính râm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kính râm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunglass" title="Sunglass – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sunglass" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="太陽眼鏡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太陽眼鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Eyewear for protecting against bright light</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sunglasses_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sunglasses (disambiguation)">Sunglasses (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dark glasses" and "Shades" redirect here. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Dark_Glasses" title="Dark Glasses">Dark Glasses</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shade_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Shade (disambiguation)">Shade (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%26W_girl_portrait_with_sunglasses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/B%26W_girl_portrait_with_sunglasses.jpg/260px-B%26W_girl_portrait_with_sunglasses.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/B%26W_girl_portrait_with_sunglasses.jpg/390px-B%26W_girl_portrait_with_sunglasses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/B%26W_girl_portrait_with_sunglasses.jpg/520px-B%26W_girl_portrait_with_sunglasses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="1865" /></a><figcaption>Wearing sunglasses under direct sunlight: Large lenses offer good protection, but broad temple arms are also needed against "stray light" from the sides.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sunglasses</b> or <b>sun glasses</b> (informally called <b>shades</b> or <b>sunnies</b>; more names <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Other_names">below</a>) are a form of <a href="/wiki/Eye_protection" title="Eye protection">protective eyewear</a> designed primarily to prevent bright <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunlight</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-energy_visible_light" class="mw-redirect" title="High-energy visible light">high-energy visible light</a> from damaging or discomforting the eyes. They can sometimes also function as a visual aid, as variously termed spectacles or <a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">glasses</a> exist, featuring lenses that are colored, <a href="/wiki/Polarizer" title="Polarizer">polarized</a> or darkened. In the early 20th century, they were also known as <b>sun cheaters</b> (<b>cheaters</b> then being an <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> slang term for glasses).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1930s, sunglasses have been a popular fashion accessory,<sup id="cite_ref-life19380530_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life19380530-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially on the <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beach</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Optometric_Association" title="American Optometric Association">American Optometric Association</a> recommends wearing sunglasses that block <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> radiation (UV) whenever a person is in the sunlight<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to protect the eyes from UV and blue light, which can cause several <a href="#Protection">serious eye problems</a>. Their usage is mandatory immediately after some surgical procedures, such as <a href="/wiki/LASIK" title="LASIK">LASIK</a>, and recommended for a certain time period in dusty areas, when leaving the house and in front of a TV screen or computer monitor after <a href="/wiki/Photorefractive_keratectomy" title="Photorefractive keratectomy">LASEK</a>. Dark glasses that do not block UV radiation can be more damaging to the eyes than not wearing eye protection at all, because they tend to open the pupil and allow more UV rays into the eye. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_precursors">First precursors</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eskimo_snowgoggles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Eskimo_snowgoggles.jpg/220px-Eskimo_snowgoggles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Eskimo_snowgoggles.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="116" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Snow_goggles" title="Snow goggles">snow goggles</a> function by reducing exposure to sunlight, not by reducing its intensity</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the 13th century and until the spread of contemporary UV-shielding <a href="/wiki/Spectacle" title="Spectacle">spectacles</a> against <a href="/wiki/Snowblindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowblindness">snowblindness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> made and wore <a href="/wiki/Snow_goggles" title="Snow goggles">snow goggles</a> of flattened walrus or caribou ivory with narrow slits to look through to block almost all of the harmful reflected rays of the sun.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many different forms and with many different materials, the indigenous peoples of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and northern Asia crafted highly efficient equipment to protect their eyes against the damaging effects of strong sunlight in icy circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_precursors">Other precursors</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> claimed that the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> liked to watch <a href="/wiki/Gladiator" title="Gladiator">gladiator</a> fights using cut <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emeralds</a>. These, however, appear to have worked rather like mirrors.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first sunglasses, made from flat panes of <a href="/wiki/Smoky_quartz" title="Smoky quartz">smoky quartz</a> called <i>Ai Tai,</i> meaning "dark clouds,"<sup id="cite_ref-Science_Museum_Blog_2019_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_Museum_Blog_2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which offered no corrective powers but did protect the eyes from <a href="/wiki/Glare_(vision)" title="Glare (vision)">glare</a>, were used in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in the 12th century or possibly earlier. Documents describe the use of such crystal sunglasses by judges in ancient Chinese <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">courts</a> to conceal their facial expressions while questioning witnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vision_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vision-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1459, Nuno Fernandes made a request for a pair of spectacles to protect the eyes while horseriding in the snow against the glare coming from the snow, though no description of any actual spectacles is given.<sup id="cite_ref-College_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>'s court watched the <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_May_12,_1706" title="Solar eclipse of May 12, 1706">1706 solar eclipse</a> through a <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_filter#Solar_filters" title="Astronomical filter">telescope with a smoky glass filter attached</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thieme_2017_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thieme_2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 18th century, tinted, mirror-like framed <a href="/wiki/Murano_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Murano glass">Murano glasses</a> had been used as so-called "gondola glasses" (<i>vetri da gondola</i> and also <i>da dama</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venetian</a> women and children, to shield their eyes from the glare from the water in the canals. The <a href="/wiki/Doge_(title)" title="Doge (title)">Doge</a> and other well-off Venetians, such as possibly <a href="/wiki/Goldoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldoni">Goldoni</a>, sported, in the late 18th century, so-called "goldoni glasses," tinted pairs of spectacles with pieces of cloth as sun guards on the sides of the glasses.<sup id="cite_ref-Venetian_Cat_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venetian_Cat-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-College_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Ayscough" title="James Ayscough">James Ayscough</a> began experimenting with tinted lenses in spectacles around 1752. These were not "sunglasses" as that term is now used; Ayscough believed that blue- or green-tinted glass could correct for specific vision impairments. Protection from the sun's rays was not a concern for him. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoom_lunette_ardente.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zoom_lunette_ardente.jpg/220px-Zoom_lunette_ardente.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zoom_lunette_ardente.jpg/330px-Zoom_lunette_ardente.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zoom_lunette_ardente.jpg/440px-Zoom_lunette_ardente.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> conducting an experiment related to combustion generated by amplified sun light</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the earliest surviving depictions of a person wearing sunglasses is one from 1772 of the scientist <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>, who worked with amplified sunlight. By the 19th century, tinted spectacles were worn by railway travelers.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_Museum_Group_Collection_2021_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_Museum_Group_Collection_2021-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Popularly, it is claimed that yellow/amber and brown-tinted glasses had been used to alleviate symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> in the 19th and early 20th centuries, because sensitivity to light was one of the symptoms of the disease, although no sources have been found that state prescription of such.<sup id="cite_ref-Dr_Lindsey_Fitzharris_2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dr_Lindsey_Fitzharris_2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the late 19th century, short references of sunglasses have been found in reports, such as one from 1866 by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Alden_Dyer" title="Walter Alden Dyer">Walter Alden</a>, who wrote of soldiers using, during the American Civil War (1861-1865), "shell spectacles" ("verres de cocquille") to protect against sunlight on long marches, or by the British T. Longmore reporting in <i>The Optical Manual</i> (1885) of soldiers in Egypt being equipped with tinted glass "eye protectors." By 1895, sunglasses were mentioned in advertisements, such as in <i>The Sioux City Journal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-College_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_developments">Modern developments</h3></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie-Th%C3%A9odore_Fieuzal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie-Théodore Fieuzal (page does not exist)">Jean-Marie-Théodore Fieuzal</a> (1836-1888) was the first to argue for UV protection with (yellow) shaded glasses, and by 1899, <a href="/wiki/Rodenstock_GmbH" title="Rodenstock GmbH">Rodenstock GmbH</a> produced possibly the first sunglasses intended for shielding eyes from UV light and not just <a href="/wiki/Glare_(vision)" title="Glare (vision)">glare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodenstock_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodenstock-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1913, <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes#Crookes_sunglass_lenses" title="William Crookes">Crookes lenses</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were introduced,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made from glass containing <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a>, which completely blocked ultraviolet light.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">early 1920s</a>, the use of sunglasses started to become more widespread, especially among movie stars. Inexpensive mass-produced sunglasses made from <a href="/wiki/Celluloid" title="Celluloid">celluloid</a> were first produced by <a href="/wiki/Foster_Grant" title="Foster Grant">Sam Foster</a> in 1929. Foster found a ready market on the <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beaches</a> of <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, New Jersey</a> where he began selling sunglasses under the name <a href="/wiki/Foster_Grant" title="Foster Grant">Foster Grant</a> from a <a href="/wiki/F._W._Woolworth_Company" title="F. W. Woolworth Company">Woolworth</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_(entertainment_district)#Atlantic_City" title="Boardwalk (entertainment district)">Boardwalk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1938, <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine wrote of how sunglasses were a "new fad for wear on city streets ... a favorite affectation of thousands of women all over the U.S." It stated that 20 million sunglasses were sold in the United States in 1937 but estimated that only about 25% of American wearers needed them to protect their eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-life19380530_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life19380530-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, sunglasses started to be used as aids for pilots and even produced for the gaining aviation sector, eventually adding to sunglasses as cultural icons and to their popularity. <a href="/wiki/Polarizer" title="Polarizer">Polarized</a> sunglasses first became available in 1936 when <a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin H. Land</a> began experimenting with making lenses with his patented <a href="/wiki/Polaroid_(polarizer)" title="Polaroid (polarizer)">Polaroid</a> filter. In 1947, the Armorlite Company began producing lenses with CR-39 resin.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At present, <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> is the world's largest producer of sunglasses with <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Xiamen" title="Port of Xiamen">its port</a> exporting 120 million pairs each year.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_polariseur.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Animation_polariseur.gif/220px-Animation_polariseur.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Animation_polariseur.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Effect of pair of polarized filters</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_clarity_and_comfort">Visual clarity and comfort</h3></div> <p>Sunglasses can improve visual comfort and visual clarity by protecting the eye from <a href="/wiki/Glare_(vision)" title="Glare (vision)">glare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakamoto_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakamoto-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lenses of <a href="/wiki/Polarized_sunglasses" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarized sunglasses">polarized sunglasses</a> reduce glare reflected at some angles off shiny non-metallic surfaces, such as water. They allow wearers to see into water when only surface glare would otherwise be seen, and eliminate glare from a road surface when driving into the sun.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection">Protection</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSCF1041-Mazzeo-Taormina-Italy-Castielli_CC0_glasses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/DSCF1041-Mazzeo-Taormina-Italy-Castielli_CC0_glasses.jpg/220px-DSCF1041-Mazzeo-Taormina-Italy-Castielli_CC0_glasses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/DSCF1041-Mazzeo-Taormina-Italy-Castielli_CC0_glasses.jpg/330px-DSCF1041-Mazzeo-Taormina-Italy-Castielli_CC0_glasses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/DSCF1041-Mazzeo-Taormina-Italy-Castielli_CC0_glasses.jpg/440px-DSCF1041-Mazzeo-Taormina-Italy-Castielli_CC0_glasses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1848" data-file-height="1392" /></a><figcaption>Broad temple arms protect against "stray light" entering from the sides.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sunglasses offer protection against excessive exposure to light, including its visible and invisible components. </p><p>The most widespread protection is against ultraviolet radiation, which can cause short-term and long-term ocular problems such as <a href="/wiki/Photokeratitis" title="Photokeratitis">photokeratitis</a> (snow blindness), <a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataracts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pterygium_(conjunctiva)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pterygium (conjunctiva)">pterygium</a>, and various forms of <a href="/wiki/Ocular_oncology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocular oncology">eye cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCA_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCA-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medical experts advise the public on the importance of wearing sunglasses to protect the eyes from UV;<sup id="cite_ref-CCA_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCA-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for adequate protection, experts recommend sunglasses that reflect or filter out 99% or more of <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet type">UVA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet type">UVB</a> light, with wavelengths up to 400 <a href="/wiki/Nanometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanometer">nm</a>. Sunglasses that meet this requirement are often labeled as "UV400". This is slightly more protection than the widely used standard of the European Union (see <a href="#Standards_for_sunglasses">below</a>), which requires that 95% of the radiation up to only 380 nm must be reflected or filtered out.<sup id="cite_ref-Huenig_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huenig-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sunglasses are not sufficient to protect the eyes against permanent harm from looking directly at the Sun, even during a <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a>. Special eyewear known as <a href="/wiki/Solar_viewer" title="Solar viewer">solar viewers</a> are required for direct viewing of the sun. This type of eyewear can filter out UV radiation harmful to the eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-live_Will_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-live_Will-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, <a href="/wiki/High-energy_visible_light" class="mw-redirect" title="High-energy visible light">high-energy visible light</a> (HEV) has been implicated as a cause of age-related macular degeneration;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before, debates had already existed as to whether "blue blocking" or amber tinted lenses may have a protective effect.<sup id="cite_ref-AAO_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAO-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some manufacturers already design glasses to block blue light; the insurance company <a href="/wiki/Suva_(insurer)" title="Suva (insurer)">Suva</a>, which covers most <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> employees, asked eye experts around Charlotte Remé (<a href="/wiki/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="ETH Zürich">ETH Zürich</a>) to develop norms for blue blocking, leading to a recommended minimum of 95% of the blue light.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sunglasses are especially important for children, as their ocular lenses are thought to transmit far more HEV light than adults (lenses "yellow" with age). </p><p>There has been some speculation that sunglasses actually promote <a href="/wiki/Skin_cancer" title="Skin cancer">skin cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is due to the eyes being tricked into producing less <a href="/wiki/Melanocyte" title="Melanocyte">melanocyte</a>-stimulating <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> in the body. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assessing_protection">Assessing protection</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_Vexis_Gray_Lens_RST-61066_safety_glasses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Stanley_Vexis_Gray_Lens_RST-61066_safety_glasses.jpg/220px-Stanley_Vexis_Gray_Lens_RST-61066_safety_glasses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Stanley_Vexis_Gray_Lens_RST-61066_safety_glasses.jpg/330px-Stanley_Vexis_Gray_Lens_RST-61066_safety_glasses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Stanley_Vexis_Gray_Lens_RST-61066_safety_glasses.jpg/440px-Stanley_Vexis_Gray_Lens_RST-61066_safety_glasses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption>These <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Black_%26_Decker" title="Stanley Black & Decker">Stanley</a> Vexis safety sunglasses have a scratch resistant coating, block 99.9% UV, and meet ANSI Z87.1 and CSA Z94.3 standards.</figcaption></figure> <p>The only way to assess the protection of sunglasses is to have the lenses measured, either by the manufacturer or by a properly equipped <a href="/wiki/Optician" title="Optician">optician</a>. Several standards for sunglasses (see <a href="#Standards_for_sunglasses">below</a>) allow a general classification of the UV protection (but not the blue light protection), and manufacturers often indicate simply that the sunglasses meet the requirements of a specific standard rather than publish the exact figures. </p><p>The only "visible" quality test for sunglasses is their fit. The lenses should fit close enough to the face that only very little "<a href="/wiki/Stray_light" title="Stray light">stray light</a>" can reach the eye from their sides, or from above or below, but not so close that the eyelashes smear the lenses. To protect against "stray light" from the sides, the lenses should fit close enough to the temples and/or merge into broad temple arms or leather blinders. </p><p>It is not possible to "see" the protection that sunglasses offer. Dark lenses do not automatically filter out more harmful <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">UV radiation</a> and blue light than light lenses. Inadequate dark lenses are even more harmful than inadequate light lenses (or wearing no sunglasses at all) because they provoke the pupil to open wider. As a result, more unfiltered radiation enters the eye. Depending on the manufacturing technology, sufficiently protective lenses can block much or little light, resulting in dark or light lenses. The lens color is not a guarantee either. Lenses of various colors can offer sufficient (or insufficient) UV protection. Regarding blue light, the color gives at least a first indication: Blue blocking lenses are commonly yellow or brown, whereas blue or gray lenses cannot offer the necessary blue light protection. However, not every yellow or brown lens blocks sufficient blue light. In rare cases, lenses can filter out too much blue light (i.e., 100%), which affects color vision and can be dangerous in traffic when colored signals are not properly recognized. </p><p>High prices cannot guarantee sufficient protection as no correlation between high prices and increased UV protection has been demonstrated. A 1995 study reported that "Expensive brands and polarizing sunglasses do not guarantee optimal UVA protection."<sup id="cite_ref-Leow_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leow-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Competition & Consumer Commission">Australian Competition & Consumer Commission</a> has also reported that "[c]onsumers cannot rely on price as an indicator of quality".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One survey even found that a $6.95 pair of generic glasses offered slightly better protection than expensive <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo" title="Salvatore Ferragamo">Salvatore Ferragamo</a> shades.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_functions">Further functions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlagers%C3%A4nger_Heino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Schlagers%C3%A4nger_Heino.jpg/220px-Schlagers%C3%A4nger_Heino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Schlagers%C3%A4nger_Heino.jpg/330px-Schlagers%C3%A4nger_Heino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Schlagers%C3%A4nger_Heino.jpg/440px-Schlagers%C3%A4nger_Heino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Protecting his eyes from exposure due to <a href="/wiki/Exophthalmos" title="Exophthalmos">exophthalmos</a>, sunglasses have become the trademark of German singer <a href="/wiki/Heino" title="Heino">Heino</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>While non-tinted glasses are very rarely worn without the practical purpose of correcting eyesight or protecting one's eyes, sunglasses have become popular for several further reasons, and are sometimes worn even indoors or at night. </p><p>Sunglasses can be worn to hide one's eyes. They can make <a href="/wiki/Eye_contact" title="Eye contact">eye contact</a> impossible, which can be intimidating to those not wearing sunglasses; the avoided eye contact can also demonstrate the wearer's detachment,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which is considered desirable (or "<a href="/wiki/Cool_(aesthetic)" title="Cool (aesthetic)">cool</a>") in some circles. Eye contact can be avoided even more effectively by using <a href="/wiki/Mirrored_sunglasses" title="Mirrored sunglasses">mirrored sunglasses</a>. Sunglasses can also be used to hide emotions; this can range from hiding blinking to hiding <a href="/wiki/Crying" title="Crying">weeping</a> and its resulting red eyes. In all cases, hiding one's eyes has implications for <a href="/wiki/Nonverbal_communication" title="Nonverbal communication">nonverbal communication</a>; this is useful in <a href="/wiki/Poker" title="Poker">poker</a>, and many professional poker players wear heavily tinted glasses indoors while playing, so that it is more difficult for opponents to read <a href="/wiki/Tell_(poker)" title="Tell (poker)">tells</a> which involve eye movement and thus gain an advantage. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuska_20130630_-_Amaranthe_-_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tuska_20130630_-_Amaranthe_-_11.jpg/333px-Tuska_20130630_-_Amaranthe_-_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="333" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tuska_20130630_-_Amaranthe_-_11.jpg/500px-Tuska_20130630_-_Amaranthe_-_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tuska_20130630_-_Amaranthe_-_11.jpg/666px-Tuska_20130630_-_Amaranthe_-_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3466" data-file-height="2599" /></a><figcaption>Artist <a href="/wiki/Elize_Ryd" title="Elize Ryd">Elize Ryd</a> wearing sunglasses as part of her costume for the <a href="/wiki/Tuska_Open_Air_Metal_Festival" title="Tuska Open Air Metal Festival">Tuska Open Air Metal Festival</a></figcaption></figure><p>Fashion trends can be another reason for wearing sunglasses, particularly designer sunglasses from high-end fashion brands. Sunglasses of particular shapes may be in vogue as a <a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">fashion accessory</a>. The relevance of sunglasses within the fashion industry has included prominent fashion editors' reviews of annual trends in sunglasses as well as runway fashion shows featuring sunglasses as a primary or secondary component of a look.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fashion trends can also draw on the "cool" image of sunglasses and association with a particular lifestyle, especially the close connection between sunglasses and beach life. In some cases, this connection serves as the core concept behind an entire brand. </p><p>People may also wear sunglasses to hide an abnormal appearance of their eyes. This can be true for people with severe visual impairment, such as the <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blind</a>, who may wear sunglasses to avoid making others uncomfortable. The assumption is that it may be more comfortable for another person not to see the hidden eyes rather than see abnormal eyes or eyes which seem to look in the wrong direction. People may also wear sunglasses to hide dilated or contracted pupils, bloodshot eyes due to drug use, chronic dark circles or crow's feet, recent physical abuse (such as a <a href="/wiki/Black_eye" title="Black eye">black eye</a>), <a href="/wiki/Exophthalmos" title="Exophthalmos">exophthalmos</a> (bulging eyes), a <a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataract</a>, or eyes which jerk uncontrollably (<a href="/wiki/Physiologic_nystagmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiologic nystagmus">nystagmus</a>). </p><p>Lawbreakers have been known to wear sunglasses during or after committing a crime as an aid to hiding their identities.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2></div> <p>The international standard for sunglasses is ISO 12312.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is divided into three parts, the first of them, about "Sunglasses for general use", was first published in 2013<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then with a new edition in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second, about "Filters for direct observation of the sun", was published in 2015<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the third "Sunglasses for running, cycling and similar active lifestyles" in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conformit%C3%A9_Europ%C3%A9enne_(logo).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Conformit%C3%A9_Europ%C3%A9enne_%28logo%29.svg/220px-Conformit%C3%A9_Europ%C3%A9enne_%28logo%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Conformit%C3%A9_Europ%C3%A9enne_%28logo%29.svg/330px-Conformit%C3%A9_Europ%C3%A9enne_%28logo%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Conformit%C3%A9_Europ%C3%A9enne_%28logo%29.svg/440px-Conformit%C3%A9_Europ%C3%A9enne_%28logo%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>As of 2009, the European <a href="/wiki/CE_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="CE mark">CE mark</a> indicates that the glasses actually offer a safe level of Sun protection.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> <p>Australia introduced the world's first national standards for sunglasses in 1971.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They were updated and expanded in 1990 to <i>AS 1067.1-1990 Sunglasses and fashion spectacles</i> (incl. Part 1 Safety Requirements and Part 2 Performance Requirements), and replaced in 2003 by AS/NZS 1067:2003 Sunglasses and fashion spectacles. This aligned the Australian standard to the European standard<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> opening the European market to Australian-made sunglasses.<sup id="cite_ref-Standards_Australia_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standards_Australia-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (April 2017)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Australian Standard AS-NZS 1067 defines standards for sunglasses with respect both to UVA (wavelengths between 315 nm and 400 nm) and UVB transmittance.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five ratings for transmittance (filter) under this standard are based on the amount of absorbed light, 0 to 4, with "0" providing some protection from UV radiation and sunglare, and "4" indicating a high level of protection, but not to be worn when driving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3></div> <p>The European standard EN 1836:2005 has four transmittance ratings: "0" for insufficient UV protection, "2" for sufficient UHV protection, "6" for good UHV protection and "7" for "full" UHVV protection, meaning that no more than 5% of the 380 nm rays are transmitted. Products which fulfill the standard receive a <a href="/wiki/CE_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="CE mark">CE mark</a>. There is no European rating for transmittance protection for radiation of up to 400 nm ("UV400"), as required in other countries (incl. the United States) and recommended by experts.<sup id="cite_ref-Huenig_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huenig-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current European standard, EN 1836:2005, was preceded by the older standards EN 166:1995 (Personal eye protection – Specifications), EN167: 1995 (Personal eye protection – Optical test methods), and EN168: 1995 (Personal eye protection – Non-optical test methods), which in 2002 were republished as a revised standard under the name of EN 1836:1997 (which included two amendments). In addition to filtering, the standard also lists requirements for minimum robustness, labeling, materials (non-toxic for skin contact and not combustible) and lack of protrusions (to avoid harm when wearing them).<sup id="cite_ref-esa_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Categories for the European standard, which are required to be marked on the frame:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Category 0 – 80%-100% transmission – for fashion, indoor use, or cloudy days</li> <li>Category 1 – 43%-80% transmission – low sun exposure</li> <li>Category 2 – 18%-43% transmission – medium sun exposure</li> <li>Category 3 – 8%-18% transmission – strong brightness, light reflected of water or snow</li> <li>Category 4 – 3%-8% transmission – intense sunshine for high mountains, glaciers; not for use when driving or on the road.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <p>Sunglasses sold in the United States are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> and are required to conform to safety standards. The U.S. standard is <a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">ANSI</a> Z80.3-2001,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which includes three transmittance categories. According to this standard, the lens should have a UVB (280 to 315 nm) transmittance of no more than one per cent and a UVA (315 to 380 nm) transmittance of no more than 0.3 times the visual light transmittance. The ANSI Z87.1-2003 standard includes requirements for basic impact and high impact protection. In the basic impact test, a 1 in (2.54 cm) steel ball is dropped on the lens from a height of 50 in (127 cm). In the high velocity test, a 1/4 in (6.35 mm) steel ball is shot at the lens at 150 ft/s (45.72 m/s). To pass both tests, no part of the lens may touch the eye.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special-use">Special-use</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_vehicle_driving">Land vehicle driving</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hst-by-rsexton-longbeach-5-1989-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hst-by-rsexton-longbeach-5-1989-1.jpg/220px-Hst-by-rsexton-longbeach-5-1989-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hst-by-rsexton-longbeach-5-1989-1.jpg/330px-Hst-by-rsexton-longbeach-5-1989-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hst-by-rsexton-longbeach-5-1989-1.jpg/440px-Hst-by-rsexton-longbeach-5-1989-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompson" title="Hunter S. Thompson">Hunter S. Thompson</a> was known for wearing yellow-tinted driving glasses.</figcaption></figure><p> When driving a vehicle, particularly at high speed, dazzling glare caused by a low Sun, or by lights reflecting off snow, puddles, other vehicles, or even the front of the vehicle, can be lethal. Sunglasses can protect against glare when driving. Two criteria must be met: vision must be clear, and the glasses must let sufficient light get to the eyes for the driving conditions. General-purpose sunglasses may be too dark, or otherwise unsuitable for driving. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Automobile_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="The Automobile Association">The Automobile Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Manufacturing_Opticians" title="Federation of Manufacturing Opticians">Federation of Manufacturing Opticians</a> have produced guidance for selection of sunglasses for driving. Variable tint or photochromic lenses increase their optical density when exposed to UV light, reverting to their clear state when the UV brightness decreases. Car windscreens filter out UV light,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> slowing and limiting the reaction of the lenses and making them unsuitable for driving as they could become too dark or too light for the conditions. Some manufacturers produce special photochromic lenses that adapt to the varying light conditions when driving. </p><p>Lenses of fixed tint are graded according to the optical density of the tint; in the UK sunglasses must be labelled and show the filter category number. Lenses with light transmission less than 75% are unsuitable for night driving, and lenses with light transmission less than 8% (category 4) are unsuitable for driving at any time; they should by UK law be labelled 'Not suitable for driving and road use'. Yellow tinted lenses are also not recommended for night use. Due to the light levels within the car, filter category 2 lenses which transmit between 18% and 43% of light are recommended for daytime driving. Polarised lenses normally have a fixed tint, and can reduce reflected glare more than non-polarised lenses of the same density, particularly on wet roads. </p><p>Graduated lenses, with the bottom part lighter than the top, can make it easier to see the controls within the car. All sunglasses should be marked as meeting the standard for the region where sold. An <a href="/wiki/Anti-reflection_coating" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-reflection coating">anti-reflection coating</a> is recommended, and a hard coating to protect the lenses from scratches. Sunglasses with deep side arms can block side, or peripheral, vision and are not recommended for driving.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though some of these glasses are proven good enough for driving at night, it is strongly recommended not to do so, due to the changes in a wide variety of light intensities, especially while using yellow tinted protection glasses. The main purpose of these glasses are to protect the wearer from dust and smog particles entering into the eyes while driving at high speeds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft_piloting">Aircraft piloting</h3></div> <p>Many of the criteria for sunglasses worn when piloting an aircraft are similar to those for land vehicles. Protection against UV radiation is more important, as its intensity increases with altitude. Polarised glasses are undesirable as aircraft windscreens are often polarised, intentionally or unintentionally, showing <a href="/wiki/Moir%C3%A9_pattern" title="Moiré pattern">Moiré patterns</a> on looking through the windscreen; and some <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCDs</a> used by instruments emit polarised light, and can dim or disappear when the pilot turns to look at them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_sunglasses_kayaker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Water_sunglasses_kayaker.jpg/220px-Water_sunglasses_kayaker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Water_sunglasses_kayaker.jpg/330px-Water_sunglasses_kayaker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Water_sunglasses_kayaker.jpg/440px-Water_sunglasses_kayaker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption>Sunglasses worn by an <a href="/wiki/Ocean_kayaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean kayaking">ocean kayaker</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sona_Sherpa_on_expedition_to_K2_in_winter_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sona_Sherpa_on_expedition_to_K2_in_winter_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sona_Sherpa_on_expedition_to_K2_in_winter_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sona_Sherpa_on_expedition_to_K2_in_winter_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Sona_Sherpa_on_expedition_to_K2_in_winter_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sona_Sherpa_on_expedition_to_K2_in_winter_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Sona_Sherpa_on_expedition_to_K2_in_winter_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a> <a href="/wiki/Mountain_guide" title="Mountain guide">mountain guide</a> on an expedition to <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a> (8.611 m), wearing anatomically shaped mountaineering sunglasses</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Strap"></span>Like <a href="/wiki/Corrective_lens" title="Corrective lens">corrective glasses</a>, sunglasses have to meet special requirements when worn for sports. They need shatterproof and impact-resistant lenses; a strap or other fixing is typically used to keep glasses in place during sporting activities, and they have a nose cushion.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For water sports, so-called water sunglasses (also: surf <a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">goggles</a> or water eyewear) are specially adapted for use in turbulent water, such as the <a href="/wiki/Breaking_wave" title="Breaking wave">surf</a> or <a href="/wiki/Whitewater" title="Whitewater">whitewater</a>. In addition to the features for sports glasses, water sunglasses can have increased <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoyancy</a> to stop them from sinking should they come off, and they can have a vent or other method to eliminate fogging.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mountain climbing or traveling across glaciers or snowfields requires above-average eye protection, because sunlight (including ultraviolet radiation) is more intense in higher altitudes, and snow and ice reflect additional light. Popular glasses for this use are a type called <b>glacier glasses</b> or <b>glacier <a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">goggles</a></b>. They typically have very dark round lenses and leather blinders at the sides, which protect the eyes by blocking the Sun's rays around the edges of the lenses. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alpineascents.com/blog/gear/what-are-glacier-glasses/">What are Glacier Glasses?</a> </p><p>Special shaded visors were once allowed in <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jim_McMahon" title="Jim McMahon">Jim McMahon</a>, quarterback for the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Chargers" title="San Diego Chargers">San Diego Chargers</a>, famously used a sun visor during his professional football career due to a childhood eye injury and almost always wears dark sunglasses when not wearing a <a href="/wiki/Football_helmet" title="Football helmet">football helmet</a>. Darkened visors now require a doctor's prescription at most levels of the game, mainly because concussion protocol requires officials to look a player in the eye, something made difficult by tinted visors.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_Swim_Goggles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swimming goggles"><img alt="Swimming goggles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Seal_Swim_Goggles.jpg/120px-Seal_Swim_Goggles.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Seal_Swim_Goggles.jpg/180px-Seal_Swim_Goggles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Seal_Swim_Goggles.jpg/240px-Seal_Swim_Goggles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Swimming goggles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mezmay,_Sports_sunglasses,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sports sunglasses for mountain climbing and hiking"><img alt="Sports sunglasses for mountain climbing and hiking" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Mezmay%2C_Sports_sunglasses%2C_Russia.jpg/120px-Mezmay%2C_Sports_sunglasses%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Mezmay%2C_Sports_sunglasses%2C_Russia.jpg/180px-Mezmay%2C_Sports_sunglasses%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Mezmay%2C_Sports_sunglasses%2C_Russia.jpg/240px-Mezmay%2C_Sports_sunglasses%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sports sunglasses for mountain climbing and hiking</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space">Space</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-116_Fuglesang_EVA2_(ISS014-E-09795)_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/STS-116_Fuglesang_EVA2_%28ISS014-E-09795%29_head.jpg/220px-STS-116_Fuglesang_EVA2_%28ISS014-E-09795%29_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/STS-116_Fuglesang_EVA2_%28ISS014-E-09795%29_head.jpg/330px-STS-116_Fuglesang_EVA2_%28ISS014-E-09795%29_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/STS-116_Fuglesang_EVA2_%28ISS014-E-09795%29_head.jpg/440px-STS-116_Fuglesang_EVA2_%28ISS014-E-09795%29_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>2006: Swedish astronaut <a href="/wiki/Christer_Fuglesang" title="Christer Fuglesang">Christer Fuglesang</a> wears glasses during a construction mission for the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> Special protection is required for space travel because the sunlight is far more intense and harmful than on Earth, where it is always filtered through the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>. Sun protection is needed against much higher UV radiation and even against harmful <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> radiation, both within and outside the spacecraft. Within the spacecraft, astronauts wear sunglasses with darker lenses and a thin protective <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> coating. During <a href="/wiki/Space_walk" class="mw-redirect" title="Space walk">space walks</a>, the visor of the astronauts' helmets, which also has a thin gold coating for extra protection, functions as strong sunglasses.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_glasses_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_glasses-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The frames of sunglasses and corrective glasses used in space must meet special requirements. They must be flexible and durable, and must fit firmly in zero-gravity. Reliable fit is particularly important when wearing corrective glasses underneath tight helmets and in space suits: once inside the spacesuit, slipped glasses cannot be touched to push them back into place, sometimes for up to ten hours. Frames and glasses must be designed so that small pieces of the glasses such as screws and glass particles cannot become dislodged, then float and be inhaled. 90% of astronauts wear glasses in space, even if they do not require corrective glasses on Earth, because zero-gravity and pressure changes temporarily affect their vision.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_glasses_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_glasses-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first sunglasses used in a Moon landing were the original <a href="#Aviator">pilot sunglasses</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/American_Optical_Company" title="American Optical Company">American Optical</a>. In 1969 they were used aboard the <i>Eagle</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, the first crewed mission to land on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA research primarily by scientists James B. Stephens and Charles G. Miller at the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> (JPL) resulted in special lenses that protected against the light in space and during laser and <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a> work. The lenses used colored dyes and small particles of <a href="/wiki/Zinc_oxide" title="Zinc oxide">zinc oxide</a>, which absorbs ultraviolet light and is also used in <a href="/wiki/Sunscreen" title="Sunscreen">sunscreen</a> lotions. The research was later broadened to further terrestrial applications, <i>e.g.</i>, deserts, mountains, and fluorescent-lighted offices, and the technology was commercially marketed by a U.S. company.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2002 NASA uses the frame of the designer model <i>Titan Minimal Art</i> of the Austrian company <a href="/wiki/Silhouette_(eyewear)" title="Silhouette (eyewear)">Silhouette</a>, combined with specially dark lenses developed jointly by the company and "the" NASA <a href="/wiki/Optometrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Optometrist">optometrist</a> Keith Manuel. The frame is very light at 1.8 grams, and does not have screws or hinges that could detach.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_glasses_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_glasses-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EdwinAldrin_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1969 on board the Eagle: Buzz Aldrin stows his sunglasses before the Moon landing."><img alt="1969 on board the Eagle: Buzz Aldrin stows his sunglasses before the Moon landing." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/EdwinAldrin_big.jpg/120px-EdwinAldrin_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/EdwinAldrin_big.jpg/180px-EdwinAldrin_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/EdwinAldrin_big.jpg/240px-EdwinAldrin_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="1892" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1969 on board the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Eagle</a>: <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> stows his sunglasses before the Moon landing.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1969: Helmet visor protecting Aldrin's eyes on the Moon"><img alt="1969: Helmet visor protecting Aldrin's eyes on the Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Aldrin_Apollo_11_head.jpg/120px-Aldrin_Apollo_11_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Aldrin_Apollo_11_head.jpg/180px-Aldrin_Apollo_11_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Aldrin_Apollo_11_head.jpg/240px-Aldrin_Apollo_11_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1969: Helmet visor protecting <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Aldrin</a>'s eyes on the Moon</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lens">Lens</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunglasses_sold_in_Manhattan,_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sunglasses_sold_in_Manhattan%2C_NY.jpg/220px-Sunglasses_sold_in_Manhattan%2C_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sunglasses_sold_in_Manhattan%2C_NY.jpg/330px-Sunglasses_sold_in_Manhattan%2C_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sunglasses_sold_in_Manhattan%2C_NY.jpg/440px-Sunglasses_sold_in_Manhattan%2C_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A range of sunglass models with lenses of different colors, for sale in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CarWindowPolarization.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CarWindowPolarization.jpg/220px-CarWindowPolarization.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CarWindowPolarization.jpg/330px-CarWindowPolarization.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CarWindowPolarization.jpg/440px-CarWindowPolarization.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="2097" /></a><figcaption>Different reflection characteristics and variations in glass <a href="/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)" title="Stress (mechanics)">stress</a> are demonstrated when photographed through a polarizing lens (bottom picture).</figcaption></figure><p> The <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">color</a> of the lens can vary depending on style, fashion, and purpose, but for general use, red, grey, green, or brown are recommended to avoid or minimize <a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">color distortion</a>, which could affect safety when, for instance, driving a car or a school bus. </p><ul><li>Gray and green lenses are considered neutral because they maintain true colors.</li> <li>Brown lenses cause some color distortion, but also increase contrast.</li> <li>Turquoise lenses are good for medium and high light conditions, because they are good at enhancing contrast, but do not cause significant color distortion.</li> <li>Yellow is "optimum for object definition, but creates a harsh visible light"; amber "allegedly makes distant objects appear more distinct, especially in snow or haze. These lenses are popular with skiers, hunters, boaters and pilots".<sup id="cite_ref-AAO_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAO-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Blue or purple lenses are popular with shooters as they increase the contrast of orange targets against green foliage or grass backdrops.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>With the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">office computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">ergonomists</a> may recommend mildly tinted glasses for use by display operators, in order to increase contrast.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While some blue blocking sunglasses (see <a href="#Protection">above</a>) are produced as regular sunglasses for exposure to bright sunlight, others—especially for <a href="/wiki/Macular_degeneration" title="Macular degeneration">macular degeneration</a> patients—do not block light or other colors in order to function well in regular daylight and even dim sunlight.<sup id="cite_ref-Huenig_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huenig-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter allow the passage of enough light so normal evening activities can continue, while blocking the light that prevents production of the <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> <a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">melatonin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Blue-blocking tinted glasses, i.e. amber or yellow, are sometimes recommended to treat insomnia; they are worn in artificial lighting after dark, to reestablish the <a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">circadian rhythm</a> and treat <a href="/wiki/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder" title="Delayed sleep phase disorder">delayed sleep phase disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some models have polarized lenses, made of <a href="/wiki/Polaroid_(polarizer)" title="Polaroid (polarizer)">Polaroid</a> polarized plastic sheeting, to reduce glare caused by light reflected from non-metallic surfaces such as water (see <a href="/wiki/Brewster%27s_angle" title="Brewster's angle">Brewster's angle</a> for how this works) as well as by polarized <a href="/wiki/Diffuse_sky_radiation" title="Diffuse sky radiation">diffuse sky radiation</a> (skylight). This can be especially useful to see beneath the surface of the water when fishing. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Mirror" title="Mirror">mirrored</a> coating can be applied to the lens. This mirrored coating deflects some of the light when it hits the lens so that it is not transmitted through the lens, making it useful in bright conditions; however, it does not necessarily reflect UV radiation as well. Mirrored coatings can be made any color by the manufacturer for styling and fashion purposes. The color of the mirrored surface is irrelevant to the color of the lens. For example, a gray lens can have a blue mirror coating, and a brown lens can have a silver coating. Sunglasses of this type are sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Mirrored_sunglasses" title="Mirrored sunglasses">mirrorshades</a>. A mirror coating does not get hot in sunlight and it prevents scattering of rays in the lens bulk. </p><p>Sunglass lenses are made of either <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>, or SR-91. Plastic lenses are typically made from <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrylic glass">acrylic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polycarbonate" title="Polycarbonate">polycarbonate</a>, <a href="/wiki/CR-39" title="CR-39">CR-39</a> or <a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">polyurethane</a>. Glass lenses have the best optical clarity and scratch resistance, but are heavier than plastic lenses. They can also shatter or break on impact. Plastic lenses are lighter and shatter-resistant, but are more prone to scratching. Polycarbonate plastic lenses are the lightest, and are also almost shatterproof, making them good for impact protection. CR-39 is the most common plastic lens, due to low weight, high scratch resistance, and low transparency for ultraviolet and infrared radiation. SR-91 is a proprietary material that was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Kaenon_Polarized" title="Kaenon Polarized">Kaenon Polarized</a> in 2001. Kaenon's lens formulation was the first non-polycarbonate material to pass the high-mass impact ANSI Z.87.1 testing. Additionally, it was the first to combine this passing score with the highest marks for lens clarity. Jerry Garcia's sunglasses had a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029162016/http://www.gratefuldeadsunglasses.com/historyofdeadsunglasses.htm">polykrypton-C type of lens</a> which was 'cutting edge' in 1995. </p><p>Any of the above features, color, polarization, gradation, mirroring, and materials, can be combined into the lens for a pair of sunglasses. Gradient glasses are darker at the top of the lens where the sky is viewed and transparent at the bottom. <a href="/wiki/Corrective_lens" title="Corrective lens">Corrective lenses</a> or <a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">glasses</a> can be manufactured with either tinting or darkened to serve as sunglasses. An alternative is to use the corrective glasses with a secondary lenses such as oversize sunglasses that fit over the regular glasses, clip-on lens that are placed in front of the glasses, and flip-up glasses which feature a dark lens that can be flipped up when not in use (see below). <a href="/wiki/Photochromic_lens" title="Photochromic lens">Photochromic lenses</a> gradually darken when exposed to ultraviolet light. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frames">Frames</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sunglasses" title="Special:EditPage/Sunglasses">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiley-X_PT-1_3-lens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Wiley-X_PT-1_3-lens.jpg/220px-Wiley-X_PT-1_3-lens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Wiley-X_PT-1_3-lens.jpg/330px-Wiley-X_PT-1_3-lens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Wiley-X_PT-1_3-lens.jpg/440px-Wiley-X_PT-1_3-lens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>This sunglass eyeshield uses a nylon half-frame and interchangeable lenses.</figcaption></figure><p> Frames are generally made of plastic, <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">metal alloy</a>. Nylon frames are usually used in sports because they are lightweight and flexible. They are able to bend slightly and return to their original shape instead of breaking when pressure is applied to them. This flex can also help the glasses grip better on the wearer's face. Metal frames are usually more rigid than nylon frames, thus they can be more easily damaged when the wearer participates in sport activities, but this is not to say that they cannot be used for such activities. Because metal frames are more rigid, some models have <a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">spring</a> loaded hinges to help them grip the wearer's face better. The end of the resting hook and the bridge over the nose can be textured or have <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">rubber</a> or plastic material to improve hold. The ends of the resting hook are usually curved so that they wrap around the ear; however, some models have straight resting hooks. <a href="/wiki/Oakley,_Inc." title="Oakley, Inc.">Oakley</a>, for example, has straight resting hooks on all their glasses, preferring to call them "earstems". </p><p>In recent years, manufacturers have started to use various types of woods to make frames for sunglasses. Materials such as <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">rosewood</a>, pear wood, walnut and <a href="/wiki/Zebrawood" title="Zebrawood">zebrawood</a>, are used making them non-toxic and nearly allergy free. The construction of a wooden frame involves laser-cutting from planks of wood. Already cut and ground to a uniform size, a buffing wheel is used to sand and buff every piece separately before they are assembled. The laser-cutouts of wood are then glued together by hand (mostly), layer on layer, to produce wooden frames. Some brands have experimented with recycled wood from objects like <a href="/wiki/Skateboard" title="Skateboard">skateboards</a>, whiskey barrels and <a href="/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat">baseball bats</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shwood_Eyewear" title="Shwood Eyewear">Shwood</a>, for example have experimented with these materials, they have even used recycled newspaper to manufacture frames. </p><p>Their final look can vary according to the color, type and finishing. With wooden sunglasses, various shades of brown, beige, burgundy or black are most common. Wooden sunglasses come in various designs and shapes. However, these sunglasses are usually more expensive than the conventional plastic, acetate or metal frames and require more care. They have been famously worn by the likes of <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(musician)" title="Machine Gun Kelly (musician)">Machine Gun Kelly</a>. </p><p>Frames can be made to hold the lenses in several different ways. There are three common styles: full frame, half frame, and frameless. Full frame glasses have the frame go all around the lenses. Half frames go around only half the lens; typically the frames attach to the top of the lenses and on the side near the top. Frameless glasses have no frame around the lenses and the ear stems are attached directly to the lenses. There are two styles of frameless glasses: those that have a piece of frame material connecting the two lenses, and those that are a single lens with ear stems on each side. </p><p>Some sports-optimized sunglasses have interchangeable lens options. Lenses can be easily removed and swapped for a different lens, usually of a different color. The purpose is to allow the wearer to easily change lenses when light conditions or activities change. The reasons are that the cost of a set of lenses is less than the cost of a separate pair of glasses, and carrying extra lenses is less bulky than carrying multiple pairs of glasses. It also allows easy replacement of a set of lenses if they are damaged. The most common type of sunglasses with interchangeable lenses has a single lens or shield that covers both eyes. Styles that use two lenses also exist, but are less common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nose_bridge">Nose bridge</h3></div> <p>Nose bridges provide support between the lens and the face. They also prevent pressure marks caused by the weight of the lens or frame on the cheeks. People with large noses may need a low nose bridge on their sunglasses. People with medium noses may need a low or medium nose bridge. People with small noses may need sunglasses with high nose bridges to allow clearance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fashion_(alphabetically)"><span id="Fashion_.28alphabetically.29"></span>Fashion (alphabetically)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sunglasses" title="Special:EditPage/Sunglasses">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following types are not all mutually exclusive; glasses may be in Aviator style with mirrored lenses, for example. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviator">Aviator</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aviator_sunglasses" title="Aviator sunglasses">Aviator sunglasses</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RayBanAviator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/RayBanAviator.jpg/220px-RayBanAviator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/RayBanAviator.jpg/330px-RayBanAviator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/RayBanAviator.jpg/440px-RayBanAviator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2050" /></a><figcaption>Aviator sunglasses</figcaption></figure><p>Aviator sunglasses feature oversize teardrop-shaped lenses and a thin metal frame with double or triple bridges. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cool_Dude_-_Outside_Srimangal_-_Sylhet_Division_-_Bangladesh_(12906030005).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cool_Dude_-_Outside_Srimangal_-_Sylhet_Division_-_Bangladesh_%2812906030005%29.jpg/220px-Cool_Dude_-_Outside_Srimangal_-_Sylhet_Division_-_Bangladesh_%2812906030005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cool_Dude_-_Outside_Srimangal_-_Sylhet_Division_-_Bangladesh_%2812906030005%29.jpg/330px-Cool_Dude_-_Outside_Srimangal_-_Sylhet_Division_-_Bangladesh_%2812906030005%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cool_Dude_-_Outside_Srimangal_-_Sylhet_Division_-_Bangladesh_%2812906030005%29.jpg/440px-Cool_Dude_-_Outside_Srimangal_-_Sylhet_Division_-_Bangladesh_%2812906030005%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengali</a> man sporting aviator sunglasses</figcaption></figure> <p>The design was introduced in 1936 by Bausch & Lomb for issue to U.S. military <a href="/wiki/Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviator">aviators</a>. As a fashion statement, <i>aviator</i> sunglasses are often made in mirrored, colored, and wrap-around styles. </p><p>The model first gained popularity in the 1940s when <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> was seen sporting a pair at the Pacific Theatre. However, it was in the late 1960s when the frames became widely used with the rise of the hippie counterculture, which preferred large metallic sunglasses. The brand became an icon of the 1970s, worn by <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Mercury" title="Freddie Mercury">Freddie Mercury</a> among others, and was also used as prescription eyeglasses. Aviators' association with disco culture led to a decline in their popularity by 1980. The model saw more limited use throughout the 1980s and 1990s, aided by a 1982 product placement deal, featured most notably in <i>Top Gun</i> and <i>Cobra</i>, with both films causing a 40% rise in 1986. Aviators became popular again around 2000, as the hippie movement experienced a brief revival, and was prominently featured in the MTV show <i><a href="/wiki/Jackass_(television_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackass (television series)">Jackass</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Browline">Browline</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Browline_glasses" title="Browline glasses">Browline glasses</a></div> <p>Based on the eyeglass design of the same name, browline glasses have hard plastic or <a href="/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses" title="Horn-rimmed glasses">horn-rimmed</a> arms and upper portions joined to a wire lower frame. A traditional, conservative style based on mid-20th century design, browlines were adapted into sunglasses form in the 1980s and rapidly became one of the most popular styles; it has ebbed and sprung in popularity in the decades that have followed.<sup id="cite_ref-brow_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brow-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oversized">Oversized</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_wearing_sunglasses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Woman_wearing_sunglasses.jpg/170px-Woman_wearing_sunglasses.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Woman_wearing_sunglasses.jpg/255px-Woman_wearing_sunglasses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Woman_wearing_sunglasses.jpg/340px-Woman_wearing_sunglasses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1742" /></a><figcaption>Oversized sunglasses à la Jackie O</figcaption></figure><p>Oversized sunglasses, which were fashionable in the 1980s, are now often used for humorous purposes. They usually come in bright colors with colored lenses and can be purchased cheaply. </p><p>The singer Elton John sometimes wore oversized sunglasses on stage in the mid-1970s as part of his <a href="/wiki/Captain_Fantastic_and_the_Brown_Dirt_Cowboy" title="Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy">Captain Fantastic</a> act. </p><p>Since the late 2000s, moderately oversized sunglasses have become a fashion trend. There are many variations, such as the "Onassis", discussed below, and Dior white sunglasses. </p><p>Onassis glasses or "Jackie O's" are very large sunglasses worn by women. This style of sunglasses is said to mimic the kind most famously worn by <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a> in the 1960s. The glasses continue to be popular with women, and celebrities may use them, ostensibly to hide from paparazzi. </p><p>Oversized sunglasses, because of their larger frames and lenses, are useful for individuals who are trying to minimize the apparent size or <a href="/wiki/Aquiline_nose" title="Aquiline nose">arch</a> of their nose. Oversized sunglasses also offer more protection from sunburn due to the larger areas of skin they cover, although sunblock should still be used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shutter_shades">Shutter shades</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shutter_shades" title="Shutter shades">Shutter shades</a></div> <p>Shutter shades were invented in the late 1940s, became a <a href="/wiki/Fad" title="Fad">fad</a> in the early 1980s and have experienced a revival in the early-to-mid 2010s. Instead of tinted lenses, they decrease sun exposure by means of a set of parallel, horizontal shutters (like a small <a href="/wiki/Window_shutter" title="Window shutter">window shutter</a>). Analogous to <a href="/wiki/Snow_goggles" title="Snow goggles">Inuit goggles</a> (see <a href="#Precursors">above</a>), the principle is not to filter light, but to decrease the amount of sun rays falling into the wearer's eyes. To provide UV protection, shutter shades sometimes use lenses in addition to the shutters; if not, they provide very insufficient protection against ultraviolet radiation and blue light. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teashades">Teashades</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sunglasses" title="Special:EditPage/Sunglasses">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teashades.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Teashades.gif/220px-Teashades.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Teashades.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="137" /></a><figcaption>Teashade sunglasses</figcaption></figure><p>"Teashades" (sometimes also called "<a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> glasses", "Round Metal", or, occasionally, "Granny Glasses") were a type of <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">psychedelic art</a> wire-rim sunglasses that were often worn, usually for purely aesthetic reasons, by members of the 1960s counterculture. Pop icons such as <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Daltrey" title="Roger Daltrey">Roger Daltrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Garcia" title="Jerry Garcia">Jerry Garcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boy_George" title="Boy George">Boy George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liam_Gallagher" title="Liam Gallagher">Liam Gallagher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suggs_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suggs (singer)">Suggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne" title="Ozzy Osbourne">Ozzy Osbourne</a>, Duckie (<a href="/wiki/Jon_Cryer" title="Jon Cryer">Jon Cryer</a>) in <i><a href="/wiki/Pretty_in_Pink_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pretty in Pink (film)">Pretty in Pink</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a>'s character in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxi Driver (film)">Taxi Driver</a></i> all wore teashades. The original teashade design was made up of medium-sized, perfectly round lenses, supported by pads on the bridge of the nose and a thin wire frame. When teashades became popular in the late 1960s, they were often elaborated: Lenses were elaborately colored, mirrored, and produced in excessively large sizes, and with the wire earpieces exaggerated. A uniquely colored or darkened glass <a href="#Lens">lens</a> was usually preferred. Modern versions tend to have plastic lenses, as do many other sunglasses. Teashades are hard to find in shops today; however, they can still be found at many costume Web sites and in some countries. </p><p>The term has now fallen into disuse, although references can still be found in literature of the time. "Teashades" was also used to describe glasses worn to hide the effects of recreational drugs such as <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> (conjunctival injection) or <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> (pupillary constriction) or just bloodshot eyes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wayfarer">Wayfarer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer" title="Ray-Ban Wayfarer">Ray-Ban Wayfarer</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Ban_Original_Wayfarer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ray_Ban_Original_Wayfarer.jpg/220px-Ray_Ban_Original_Wayfarer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ray_Ban_Original_Wayfarer.jpg/330px-Ray_Ban_Original_Wayfarer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ray_Ban_Original_Wayfarer.jpg/440px-Ray_Ban_Original_Wayfarer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Original <i>Ray-Ban Wayfarer</i></figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer" title="Ray-Ban Wayfarer">Ray-Ban Wayfarer</a> is a (mostly) plastic-framed design for sunglasses produced by the <a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban" title="Ray-Ban">Ray-Ban</a> company. Introduced in 1952, the trapezoidal lenses are wider at the top than the bottom (inspired by the Browline eyeglasses popular at the time), and were famously worn by <a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> and other actors and singers. The original frames were black; frames in many different colors were later introduced. There is often a silver piece on the corners as well. Since the early 1980s, makers have also developed variants of the model, most notably the Clubmaster model, introduced in 1982, essentially Browlines made of plastic. </p><p>These were mostly popular in the late 1950s and during the 1960s (being linked to the rock-and-roll/blues and Mod cultures), before plastic glasses were displaced by metallic rims popular among the counter-culture. In the late 1970s, the rise of <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave music</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Romanticism" class="mw-redirect" title="New Romanticism">New Romanticism</a> and the popularity of <a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers" title="The Blues Brothers">The Blues Brothers</a> aside from 50s and 1960s nostalgia and the anti-disco backlash later on brought the model out of near-retirement, becoming the most sold model between 1980 and 1999 aided by a lucrative 1982 product placement deal, which put it on many movies and TV shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Breakfast_Club" title="The Breakfast Club">The Breakfast Club</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Moonlighting_(TV_series)" title="Moonlighting (TV series)">Moonlighting</a></i>. 1980s nostalgia and the influence of the hipster subculture and the television series <i>Mad Men</i> boosted Wayfarers once again after a slump in the 1990s and 2000s, also aided by a 2000 redesign (New Wayfarer), surpassing Aviators since 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wrap-around">Wrap-around</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunglasses_pic17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunglasses_pic17.jpg/220px-Sunglasses_pic17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunglasses_pic17.jpg/330px-Sunglasses_pic17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunglasses_pic17.jpg/440px-Sunglasses_pic17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Mirrored wrap-around sunglasses</figcaption></figure><p>Wrap-arounds are a style of sunglasses characterized by being strongly curved, to wrap around the face. They may have a single curved semi-circular lens that covers both eyes and much of the same area of the face covered by protective goggles, usually with a minimal plastic frame and single piece of plastic serving as a nosepiece. Glasses described as wraparound may alternatively have two lenses, but again with a strongly curved frame. </p><p>These were first made in the 1960s as variants of the Aviator model, used by <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> in the <i>Dirty Harry</i> films. The modern variant surged in the mid-1980s, heavily based on the then-popular Wayfarer, but adapting it to a more futuristic look. As a backlash against 80s fashion occurred in the 1990s, wraparounds became one of the favorite frames of the decade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clip-on">Clip-on</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clip-on_sunglasses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Clip-on_sunglasses.jpg/220px-Clip-on_sunglasses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Clip-on_sunglasses.jpg/330px-Clip-on_sunglasses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Clip-on_sunglasses.jpg/440px-Clip-on_sunglasses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1515" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Clip-on sunglasses</figcaption></figure> <p>Clip-on glasses are a form of tinted glasses that can be clipped on to eyeglasses for protection from the sun. An alternative are <a href="#Flip-up_sunglasses">flip-up glasses</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gradient_lenses">Gradient lenses</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erin_Mackey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Erin_Mackey.jpg/170px-Erin_Mackey.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Erin_Mackey.jpg/255px-Erin_Mackey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Erin_Mackey.jpg/340px-Erin_Mackey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="1308" /></a><figcaption>Glasses with gradient lenses</figcaption></figure><p>Gradient lenses go from a darker shade at the top to a lighter one at the bottom, so there will be more protection from sunlight the higher one looks through the lens, but the lower one looks through the lens, the less protection is offered. An advantage is that one can wear them indoors without fear of tripping over something and also allowing the user to see. Wearing sunglasses to nightclubs has become common in recent times, where the gradient lens comes in handy. Gradient lenses may also be advantageous for activities such as flying airplanes and driving automobiles, as they allow the operator a clear view of the instrument panel, low in his line of sight and usually hidden in shadow, while still reducing glare from the view out the windscreen. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> (London), has also referred to these style of sunglasses as the Murphy Lens.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Double gradient lenses are dark at the top, light in the middle and dark at the bottom. </p><p>Gradients should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bifocals" title="Bifocals">bifocals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_lens" title="Progressive lens">progressive lenses</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flip-up">Flip-up</h3></div> <p>Flip-up sunglasses add the benefits of sunglasses to corrective eyeglasses, allowing the wearer to flip up the tinted lenses for indoor use. Alternatives include: <a href="#Clip-on_glasses">clip-on glasses</a>, and wrap around sunglasses that fit over the eyeglasses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mirrored">Mirrored</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mirrored_sunglasses" title="Mirrored sunglasses">Mirrored sunglasses</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aviator_sunglasses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aviator_sunglasses.jpg/220px-Aviator_sunglasses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aviator_sunglasses.jpg/330px-Aviator_sunglasses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aviator_sunglasses.jpg/440px-Aviator_sunglasses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>Mirrored aviators</figcaption></figure><p>Mirrored lenses have a metallic, partially reflective coating on the outer surface combined with a tinted glass lens. Mirrored lenses of different colors can expand the range of fashion styles. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_names">Other names</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sunglasses" title="Special:EditPage/Sunglasses">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are various words referring to eyepieces with darkened lenses: </p> <ul><li><b>Shades</b> is a term used in North America.</li> <li><b>Glares</b> is a term popular in India if the glass is dark.</li> <li><b>Glints</b> is a term for glasses originating from the "glint" that is noticeable when somebody wearing glasses moves their head.</li> <li><b>Sun spectacles</b> is a term used by some opticians.</li> <li><b>Spekkies</b> is a term used predominantly in southern Australia.</li> <li><b>Sun specs</b> (also <b>sunspecs</b>) is the shortened form of sun spectacles.</li> <li><b>Sunglass</b> a monocle version.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Sun-shades</b> can also refer to the sun-shading eyepiece-type, although the term is not exclusive to these. Also in use is the derivative abbreviation, "shades".</li> <li><b>Dark glasses</b> (also preceded by <b>pair of</b>) — generic term in common usage.</li> <li><b>Sunnies</b> is used in Australian, South African and New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a>.</li> <li><b>Smoked spectacles</b> usually refers to the darkened eyepieces worn by <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blind</a> people.</li> <li><b>Solar shields</b> Usually refers to models of sunglasses with large lenses.</li> <li><b>Stunna shades</b>: Used as a slang term in the <a href="/wiki/Hyphy" title="Hyphy">hyphy</a> movement, usually referring to sunglasses with oversized lenses.</li> <li><b>Glecks</b> is Scottish slang for glasses or sunglasses.</li> <li><b>Cooling glasses</b> is a term used in Southern India (predominantly Kerala) and the Middle East for sunglasses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Producers">Producers</h2></div> <p>Most brands are produced by two producers: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxottica" title="Luxottica">Luxottica</a> Group (revenue €9 billion (2018))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safilo" title="Safilo">Safilo</a> Group (revenue €1 billion (2018))</li></ul> <p>While other niche players are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaenon_Polarized" title="Kaenon Polarized">Kaenon Polarized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maui_Jim" title="Maui Jim">Maui Jim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serengeti_(sunglasses_brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serengeti (sunglasses brand)">Serengeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ic!_berlin" title="Ic! berlin">ic! berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Engineering" title="Randolph Engineering">Randolph Engineering</a>, Inc.</li> <li>William Painter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eye_patch" class="mw-redirect" title="Eye patch">Eye patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">Goggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photochromic_lens" title="Photochromic lens">Photochromic lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosensitive_glass" title="Photosensitive glass">Photosensitive glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulfrich_effect" title="Pulfrich effect">Pulfrich effect</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPartridge2006" class="citation book cs1">Partridge, Eric (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newpartridgedict00tomd"><i>The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English</i></a></span>. Tom Dalzell, Terry Victor. Routledge. p. 377.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Partridge+Dictionary+of+Slang+and+Unconventional+English&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Partridge&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewpartridgedict00tomd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunglasses" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-life19380530-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-life19380530_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-life19380530_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3EoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31">"Dark Glasses are New Fad for Wear on City Streets"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>. 1938-05-30. pp. 31–33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231153256/http://books.google.com/books?id=3EoEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA31#v=onepage&f=true">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-26</span></span>. <q>In each of the instances, the female suspect wore a distinctive wig and sunglasses to conceal her identity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=10+most+wanted+bank+robbery+suspects&rft.date=2012-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabclocal.go.com%2Fktrk%2Fgallery%3Fid%3D8816697%26photo%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunglasses" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/news/2013/08/Ref1768.html">"Sunglasses - Not just for looks with new ISO standards"</a>. <i>International Organization for Standardization</i>. © 2022 ISO — All rights reserved. 2013-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.atitle=ISO+12312-1%3A2022%28en%29+Eye+and+face+protection+%E2%80%94+Sunglasses+and+related+eyewear+%E2%80%94+Part+1%3A+Sunglasses+for+general+use&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fobp%2Fui%2F%23iso%3Astd%3Aiso%3A12312%3A-1%3Aed-2%3Av1%3Aen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunglasses" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/59289.html">"ISO 12312-2:2015 Eye and face protection — Sunglasses and related eyewear — Part 2: Filters for direct observation of the sun"</a>. <i>International Organization for Standardization</i>. © 2022 ISO — All rights reserved. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.atitle=ISO+12312-2%3A2015+Eye+and+face+protection+%E2%80%94+Sunglasses+and+related+eyewear+%E2%80%94+Part+2%3A+Filters+for+direct+observation+of+the+sun&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F59289.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunglasses" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:12312:-2:ed-1:v1:en">"ISO 12312-2:2015(en) Eye and face protection — Sunglasses and related eyewear — Part 2: Filters for direct observation of the sun"</a>. <i>International Organization for Standardization</i>. © 2022 ISO — All rights reserved. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.atitle=ISO+12312-3%3A2022+Eye+and+face+protection+%E2%80%94+Sunglasses+and+related+eyewear+%E2%80%94+Part+3%3A+Sunglasses+for+running%2C+cycling+and+similar+active+lifestyles&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F72628.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunglasses" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:12312:-3:ed-1:v1:en">"ISO 12312-3:2022(en) Eye and face protection — Sunglasses and related eyewear — Part 3: Sunglasses for running, cycling and similar active lifestyles"</a>. <i>International Organization for Standardization</i>. © 2022 ISO — All rights reserved. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.atitle=ISO+12312-3%3A2022%28en%29+Eye+and+face+protection+%E2%80%94+Sunglasses+and+related+eyewear+%E2%80%94+Part+3%3A+Sunglasses+for+running%2C+cycling+and+similar+active+lifestyles&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fobp%2Fui%2F%23iso%3Astd%3Aiso%3A12312%3A-3%3Aed-1%3Av1%3Aen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunglasses" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Standards_Australia-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Standards_Australia_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standards.org.au/cat.asp?catid=43&contentid=296&News=1"><i>no author</i> (2002). Public eye looks over new standard for sunglasses (2002-01-20).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929021727/http://www.standards.org.au/cat.asp?catid=43&contentid=296&News=1">Archived</a> September 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> website of <i><a href="/wiki/Standards_Australia" title="Standards Australia">Standards Australia</a></i>. Retrieved 21 September 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.resource.org/pub/nz/ibr/as-nzs.1067.2003.pdf">AS-NZS 1067 (2003) (English)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813084752/https://law.resource.org/pub/nz/ibr/as-nzs.1067.2003.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-08-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> : Sunglasses and fashion spectacles (By Authority of Australian Consumer Protection Notices No.13 of 2003 and No. 4 of 2005), retrieved 6 April 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esa-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-esa_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa-sunglasses.com/downloadarchiv/ARTICLE_ON_PPE_STANDARDS_SUNGLASSES_ETC_2-april26.04.doc"><i>no author</i> (2004). Requirements of European Directives and Standards Relating to Sunglasses.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317023127/http://www.esa-sunglasses.com/downloadarchiv/ARTICLE_ON_PPE_STANDARDS_SUNGLASSES_ETC_2-april26.04.doc">Archived</a> March 17, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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The Optician's Handbook<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hindsight+is+20%2F20%3A+The+Browline&rft.pub=The+Optician%27s+Handbook&rft.aulast=Fassel&rft.aufirst=Preston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opticianshandbook.com%2Fhindsight-is-2020-the-browline.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunglasses" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sunglasses" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sunglasses" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:sunglasses">sunglasses</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lCEDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+1951+%22survival+rifle%22&pg=RA1-PA41">"What Makes a Good Pair of Sunglasses?"</a> by George W. Waltz; April 1951 <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a></i> article (pp. 141–146) on sunglasses and the method of mass production at that time period.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sis.se/api/document/preview/916530">ISO 12312-1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Types_of_eyewear" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_eyewear" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Eyewear" title="Eyewear">eyewear</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Eye)<a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">glasses</a> / spectacles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belay_glasses" title="Belay glasses">Belay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifocals" title="Bifocals">Bifocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browline_glasses" title="Browline glasses">Browline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug-eye_glasses" title="Bug-eye glasses">Bug-eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_eye_glasses" title="Cat eye glasses">Cat eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_eyeglasses" title="Chicken eyeglasses">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GI_glasses" title="GI glasses">GI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groucho_glasses" title="Groucho glasses">Groucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses" title="Horn-rimmed glasses">Horn-rimmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lensless_glasses" title="Lensless glasses">Lensless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorgnette" title="Lorgnette">Lorgnette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_glasses" title="Opera glasses">Opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocle" title="Monocle">Monocle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pince-nez" title="Pince-nez">Pince-nez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhole_glasses" title="Pinhole glasses">Pinhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimless_eyeglasses" title="Rimless eyeglasses">Rimless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors-glasses" title="Scissors-glasses">Scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_glasses" title="Shooting glasses">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifocal_lenses" title="Trifocal lenses">Trifocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_glasses" title="Windsor glasses">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_specs" title="X-ray specs">X-ray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sunglasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviator_sunglasses" title="Aviator sunglasses">Aviator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirrored_sunglasses" title="Mirrored sunglasses">Mirrored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_viewer" title="Solar viewer">Solar viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_shades" title="Shutter shades">Shutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer" title="Ray-Ban Wayfarer">Wayfarer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">Goggles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_eyewear" title="Ballistic eyewear">Ballistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_adaptor_goggles" title="Dark adaptor goggles">Dark adaptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doggles" title="Doggles">Doggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatal_Vision_(goggles)" title="Fatal Vision (goggles)">Fatal Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foggles" class="mw-redirect" title="Foggles">Foggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device">Night-vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_goggles" title="Snow goggles">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_goggles" title="Swedish goggles">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upside_down_goggles" title="Upside down goggles">Upside down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welding_goggles" class="mw-redirect" title="Welding goggles">Welding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blindfold" title="Blindfold">Blindfold</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blinders_(poultry)" title="Blinders (poultry)">Blinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinkers_(horse_tack)" title="Blinkers (horse tack)">Blinker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_lens" title="Contact lens">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyepatch" title="Eyepatch">Eyepatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_shutter_3D_system" title="Active shutter 3D system">Shutter system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">VR headset</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clothing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clothing" title="Template:Clothing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing" title="Template talk:Clothing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_technology" title="Clothing technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_terminology" title="Clothing terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">Headwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">Cap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">knit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">Kerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neckwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Neckwear">Neckwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)" title="Bands (neckwear)">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker" title="Choker">Choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_bow" title="Pussy bow">Lavallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">Neckerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_gaiter" title="Neck gaiter">Neck gaiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie">Necktie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper_tie" title="Kipper tie">kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_tie" title="Stock tie">stock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top_(clothing)" title="Top (clothing)">Tops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">Blouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur" title="Cache-cœur">cache-cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halterneck" title="Halterneck">halterneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_top" title="Tube top">tube top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">Shirt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_shirt" title="Henley shirt">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_shirt" title="Polo shirt">polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">sleeveless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_neck" title="Crew neck">crew neck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">Sweater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)" title="Cardigan (sweater)">cardigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)" title="Guernsey (clothing)">guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodie" title="Hoodie">hoodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey (clothing)">jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_neck" title="Polo neck">polo neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)" title="Shrug (clothing)">shrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinset" title="Twinset">twinset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">Waistcoat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pants" title="Bondage pants">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_pants" title="Capri pants">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_pants" title="Cargo pants">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_trousers" title="Formal trousers">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants" title="Go-to-hell pants">Go-to-hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)" title="High-rise (fashion)">High water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)" title="Low-rise (fashion)">Lowrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpurs" title="Jodhpurs">Jodhpurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overalls" title="Overalls">Overalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_pants" title="Palazzo pants">Palazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_pants" title="Parachute pants">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_pushers" title="Pedal pushers">Pedal pushers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_pants" title="Phat pants">Phat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorts" title="Shorts">Shorts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_shorts" title="Dolphin shorts">dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym_shorts" title="Gym shorts">gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotpants" title="Hotpants">hotpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_shorts" title="Running shorts">running</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim-fit_pants" title="Slim-fit pants">Slim-fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatpants" title="Sweatpants">Sweatpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windpants" class="mw-redirect" title="Windpants">Windpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">Skirts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-line_(clothing)" title="A-line (clothing)">A-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_skirt" title="Ballerina skirt">Ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim_skirt" title="Denim skirt">Denim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_skirts" title="Men's skirts">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">Miniskirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_skirt" title="Pencil skirt">Pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_skirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie skirt">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt" title="Rah-rah skirt">Rah-rah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skort" title="Skort">Skort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)" title="Wrap (clothing)">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suits</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">diplomatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpuri" title="Jodhpuri">Jodhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpsuit" title="Jumpsuit">Jumpsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_uniform" title="Political uniform">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_uniform" title="Prison uniform">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workwear" title="Workwear">Workwear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilersuit" title="Boilersuit">boilersuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanroom_suit" title="Cleanroom suit">cleanroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">hazmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)" title="Scrubs (clothing)">scrubs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dresses</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gown" title="Gown">gowns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formal, semi-<br />formal, informal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backless_dress" title="Backless dress">Backless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant_gown" title="Bouffant gown">Bouffant gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatdress" title="Coatdress">Coatdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">little black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_dress" title="Debutante dress">debutante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dress" title="Prairie dress">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_line" title="Princess line">Princess line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapless_dress" title="Strapless dress">Strapless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_dress" title="Wrap dress">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dress" title="House dress">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumper_(dress)" title="Jumper (dress)">Jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romper_suit" title="Romper suit">Romper suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheath_dress" title="Sheath dress">Sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirtdress" title="Shirtdress">Shirtdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_dress" title="Slip dress">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundress" title="Sundress">Sundress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coat" title="Coat">Coats</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_outerwear" title="List of outerwear">outerwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Overcoats" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overcoat" title="Overcoat">Overcoats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_coat" title="Car coat">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_coat" title="Chesterfield coat">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_coat" title="Covert coat">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffel_coat" title="Duffel coat">Duffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duster_(clothing)" title="Duster (clothing)">Duster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatcoat" title="Greatcoat">Greatcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Warm" title="British Warm">British Warm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Coat" title="Guards Coat">Guards Coat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greca_(clothing)" title="Greca (clothing)">Greca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-frock_coat" title="Over-frock coat">Over-frock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_coat" title="Riding coat">Riding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadbelly" title="Shadbelly">shadbelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_coat" title="Trench coat">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_coat" title="Ulster coat">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">Cloak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_cloak" title="Opera cloak">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paletot" title="Paletot">Paletot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_coat" title="Pea coat">Pea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_coat" title="Polo coat">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raincoat" title="Raincoat">Raincoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh" title="Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suit coats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">Frock coat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekishe" title="Bekishe">bekishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekel" title="Rekel">rekel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket" title="Mess jacket">Mess jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_jacket" title="Suit jacket">Suit jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blazer" title="Blazer">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_coat" title="Sport coat">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teba_jacket" title="Teba jacket">Teba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">Tailcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat" title="White tie">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat" title="Morning dress">morning</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apron" title="Apron">Apron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinafore" title="Pinafore">pinafore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blouson" title="Blouson">Blouson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagoule" title="Cagoule">Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">Cape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferraiolo" title="Ferraiolo">ferraiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrina" title="Pellegrina">pellegrina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatee" title="Coatee">Coatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-off" title="Cut-off">Cut-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilet" title="Gilet">Gilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">Jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_jacket" title="Down jacket">down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggle_jacket" title="Goggle jacket">goggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_jacket" title="Leather jacket">leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket" title="Mackinaw jacket">mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_jacket" title="Norfolk jacket">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_jacket" title="Safari jacket">safari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerkin (garment)">Jerkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coat" title="White coat">Lab coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parka" title="Parka">Parka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">Robe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathrobe" title="Bathrobe">bathrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressing_gown" title="Dressing gown">dressing gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawl" title="Shawl">Shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_suit" title="Ski suit">Ski suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeved_blanket" title="Sleeved blanket">Sleeved blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windbreaker" title="Windbreaker">Windbreaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">Underwear</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">Bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">Camisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershirt" title="Undershirt">Undershirt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaper" title="Diaper">Diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_pants" title="Training pants">Training pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leggings" title="Leggings">Leggings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">Panties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pants" title="Plastic pants">Plastic pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(clothing)" title="Slip (clothing)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underpants" title="Underpants">Underpants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_briefs" title="Boxer briefs">boxer briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_shorts" title="Boxer shorts">boxer shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briefs" title="Briefs">briefs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodysuit" title="Bodysuit">Bodysuit, adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_bodysuit" title="Infant bodysuit">Bodysuit, infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_underwear" title="Long underwear">Long underwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See-through_clothing" title="See-through clothing">See-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_(garment)" title="Teddy (garment)">Teddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babydoll" title="Babydoll">Babydoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babygrow" title="Babygrow">Babygrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_sleeper" title="Blanket sleeper">Blanket sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligee" title="Negligee">Negligee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightgown" title="Nightgown">Nightgown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshirt" title="Nightshirt">Nightshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">Pajamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">Swimwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">Bikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">Burkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardshorts" title="Boardshorts">Boardshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">Monokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">One-piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_guard" title="Rash guard">Rash guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_leg_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg suit">Square leg suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">Swim briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_diaper" title="Swim diaper">Swim diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunks (clothing)">Trunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hosiery" title="Hosiery">Legwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-ups" title="Hold-ups">Hold-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_boot" title="Dress boot">Dress boot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">Shoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adornments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armband" title="Armband">Armband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">Boutonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_purse" title="Coin purse">Coin purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">Cummerbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Glasses</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sunglasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">Gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headband" title="Headband">Headband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)" title="Muff (handwarmer)">Muff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_protector" title="Pocket protector">Pocket protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">Pocket watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">Spats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">Suspenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-worn items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">Hand fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">Umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">black tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_fetish" title="Clothing fetish">Clothing fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Costume</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made-to-measure" title="Made-to-measure">made-to-measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">ready-to-wear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursuit" title="Fursuit">Fursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing" title="Global trade of secondhand clothing">Global trade of secondhand clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses" title="List of individual dresses">List of individual dresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing" title="Reconstructed clothing">Reconstructed clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/28px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/42px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/56px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4331184-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sunglasses"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85130489">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lunettes de soleil"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12383969s">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lunettes de soleil"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12383969s">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000309693&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548494305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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