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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ABC-2021-LOGO.svg/81px-ABC-2021-LOGO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ABC-2021-LOGO.svg/108px-ABC-2021-LOGO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:53px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FOX_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/FOX_wordmark.svg/125px-FOX_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/FOX_wordmark.svg/188px-FOX_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/FOX_wordmark.svg/250px-FOX_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="431" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The "Big Four" major United States broadcast television networks: <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>, arranged by the year each network began regular television broadcasting in the U.S.</div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:8.0em;border: 4px double #d69d36; background:#FFFFFF;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:#000000;">This article is part of a <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States"> US culture</a> series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#002868; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Television of the </small><br />United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Family_watching_television_1958_cropped2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Family_watching_television_1958_cropped2.jpg/250px-Family_watching_television_1958_cropped2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Family_watching_television_1958_cropped2.jpg/330px-Family_watching_television_1958_cropped2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Family_watching_television_1958_cropped2.jpg/340px-Family_watching_television_1958_cropped2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="401" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">American family watching TV in 1958</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_American_television" title="List of years in American television">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">Networks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 0px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prewar_television_stations" title="Prewar television stations">Prewar broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Television" title="Golden Age of Television">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_era" title="Network era">Network era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-channel_transition" title="Multi-channel transition">Multi-channel transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Television_(2000s%E2%80%93present)" title="Golden Age of Television (2000s–present)">New Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-network_era" title="Post-network era">Post-network era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Streaming wars">Streaming wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_television" title="List of years in television">History by decade</a></li></ul> <p><br /> History of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States#Sports_media_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States#History" title="Public broadcasting in the United States">Public broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_television_series#History_in_the_United_States" title="Children's television series">Children's television</a></li> <li>TV animation: (<a href="/wiki/Animation_in_the_United_States_in_the_television_era" title="Animation in the United States in the television era">Network era</a> · <a href="/wiki/Modern_animation_in_the_United_States" title="Modern animation in the United States">Modern era</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 0px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Genres</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daytime_television_in_the_United_States" title="Daytime television in the United States">Daytime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitcoms_in_the_United_States" title="Sitcoms in the United States">Sitcoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_news_in_the_United_States" title="Television news in the United States">News</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_cable_news" title="United States cable news">Cable news</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 0px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Networks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">Over-the-air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_pay_television_channels" title="List of United States pay television channels">Pay channels</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 0px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Programming and Ratings</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts_in_the_United_States" title="List of most watched television broadcasts in the United States">Most Watched</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/17px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/26px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/34px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_TV_sidebar" title="Template:US TV sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:US_TV_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:US TV sidebar (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_TV_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US TV sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From the 1950s to the 1980s, during the <a href="/wiki/Network_era" title="Network era">network era</a> of American television, there were three <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial broadcast</a> television networks – <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> (the National Broadcasting Company, "the Peacock Network"), <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> (the Columbia Broadcasting System, "the Eye Network"), <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> (the American Broadcasting Company, "the Alphabet Network") – that due to their longevity and ratings success are informally referred to as the "<b>Big Three</b>". The three networks' dominance was interrupted with the launch of <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> (the Fox Broadcasting Company, "the Searchlight Network") in 1986, leading it to <a href="/wiki/Fourth_television_network" title="Fourth television network">join them</a> as one of the expanded "<b>Big Four</b>", while the viewership shares of all the major broadcast networks declined over the following years.<sup id="cite_ref-HindmanWiegand_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HindmanWiegand-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backgrounds">Backgrounds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Backgrounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Broadcasting Company and Columbia Broadcasting System were both founded as radio networks in the 1920s, with NBC eventually encompassing two national radio networks, the prestige <a href="/wiki/NBC_Red_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Red Network">Red Network</a> and the lower-profile <a href="/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">Blue Network</a>. They gradually began experimental television stations in the 1930s, with commercial broadcasts being allowed by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> on July 1, 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Kisseloff_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kisseloff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United States">U.S. government</a> determined that NBC's two-network setup was <a href="/wiki/Anticompetitive_practice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticompetitive practice">anticompetitive</a> and forced it to spin off one of the networks; NBC chose to sell the Blue Network operations, which eventually became the American Broadcasting Company.<sup id="cite_ref-Kisseloff2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kisseloff2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All three networks began regular, commercial television broadcasts in the 1940s. NBC and CBS began commercial operations in 1941, followed by ABC in 1948. A smaller fourth network, the <a href="/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network">DuMont Television Network</a>, launched in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Castleman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castleman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three networks originally <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">controlled</a> only a few local television stations, but they quickly <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">affiliated</a> with other stations to cover almost the entire U.S. by the late 1950s. Several of these stations affiliated with all three major networks and DuMont, or some combination of the four, in <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">markets</a> where only one or two television stations operated in the early years of commercial television; this resulted in several network shows, often those with lower national viewership, receiving scattershot market clearances, since in addition to maintaining limited broadcast schedules early on, affiliates that shoehorned programming from many networks had to also make room for locally produced content. As other stations signed on in larger cities, ABC, NBC, and CBS were eventually able to carry at least a sizable portion of their programming on one station. </p><p>Of the four original networks, only DuMont did not have a corresponding radio network. Ironically, the fourth radio network of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Radio" title="Golden Age of Radio">Golden Age of Radio</a> era, the <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a>, which maintained a long time extensive news reporting unit up to the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System#Mutual's_involvement_in_television" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">had briefly considered the idea of transitioning with expansion and launching a television network</a>, with consideration being made to have film studio <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> supply programming talent. Plans for the proposed Mutual-branded network advanced far enough that, at the annual meeting of Mutual stockholders in April 1950, network president Frank White made an official announcement of the planned creation of a limited five-station Mutual network (<a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>-<a href="/wiki/WNAC-TV_(Boston)" title="WNAC-TV (Boston)">WNAC</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>-<a href="/wiki/WWOR-TV" title="WWOR-TV">WOR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/WUSA_(TV)" title="WUSA (TV)">WOIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>-<a href="/wiki/WGN-TV" title="WGN-TV">WGN</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>-<a href="/wiki/KCAL-TV" title="KCAL-TV">KHJ</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Eugene_Register-Guard_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eugene_Register-Guard-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that same time Mutual radio station <a href="/wiki/KQV" title="KQV">KQV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, which was engaged in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to get a television license, was reportedly hoping for their station to be a Mutual television affiliate.<sup id="cite_ref-Pittsburgh_Press_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Press-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Mutual Television Network" ended up being the decided-on branding for the Mutual-branded network.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the 5-station Mutual network failed in short time (it lasted only 11 months), and Mutual became the only minor radio network outside the "Big Three" U.S. radio networks, even with a short-lived TV network, to not be long-term connected to (and eventually lose its dominance to) a television network. Afterwards, Mutual's individual component stations themselves launched television outlets in their home cities. Some of Mutual's component stations <a href="/wiki/Overmyer_Network#From_ON_to_UN" class="mw-redirect" title="Overmyer Network">bought a stake in the</a> <a href="/wiki/Overmyer_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Overmyer Network">Overmyer Network</a> in 1967 (resulting in a branding change to "The United Network"), but other than a single late-night talk show, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Las_Vegas_Show" title="The Las Vegas Show">The Las Vegas Show</a></i>, which lasted one month, that network never made it to its full launch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Network_competition">Network competition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Network competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">History of <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TV-icon-EUA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/TV-icon-EUA.svg/40px-TV-icon-EUA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/TV-icon-EUA.svg/60px-TV-icon-EUA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/TV-icon-EUA.svg/120px-TV-icon-EUA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Eras</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prewar_television_stations" title="Prewar television stations">Prewar and wartime broadcasting</a> (1928–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Television" title="Golden Age of Television">First Golden Age</a> (1947–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_era" title="Network era">Network era</a> (1950s–1980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-channel_transition" title="Multi-channel transition">Multi-channel transition</a> (1980s–1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Television_(2000s%E2%80%93present)" title="Golden Age of Television (2000s–present)">Peak TV</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Post-network_era" title="Post-network era">post-network era</a> (1999–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2023</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Streaming wars">Streaming wars</a> (2019–2022)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Histories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States#Sports_media_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States#History" title="Public broadcasting in the United States">Public broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_television_series#History_in_the_United_States" title="Children's television series">Children's television</a></li> <li>TV animation (<a href="/wiki/Animation_in_the_United_States_in_the_television_era" title="Animation in the United States in the television era">Network era</a> · <a href="/wiki/Modern_animation_in_the_United_States" title="Modern animation in the United States">Modern era</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_television" title="List of years in television">History by decade</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_era">Early era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For most of the history of television in the United States, the Big Three dominated, controlling the vast majority of television broadcasting.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DuMont ceased regular programming in 1955; the <a href="/wiki/NTA_Film_Network" title="NTA Film Network">NTA Film Network</a>, unusual in that its programming, all pre-recorded, was distributed by mail instead of through communications wires, signed on in 1956 and lasted until 1961. From 1961, and lasting until the early 1990s, there were only three major networks. Every hit series appearing in the <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">Nielsen</a> top 20 television programs and every successful commercial network telecast of a major feature film was aired by one of the Big Three networks.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeil_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeil-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fox">Fox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A viable <a href="/wiki/Fourth_television_network" title="Fourth television network">fourth television network</a> in the commercial sense would not again become competitive with the Big Three until <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> was founded in October 1986 from some of the assets and remnants of the DuMont network, which had become <a href="/wiki/Metromedia" title="Metromedia">Metromedia</a> after DuMont folded, and were acquired by <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a> earlier in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fox, which began as a distant fourth network, <a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_broadcast_TV_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 United States broadcast TV realignment">rose to major network status</a> in 1994 after <a href="/wiki/Must-carry" title="Must-carry">must-carry</a> rules took effect; the rules allowed Fox affiliates to force their way onto cable lineups, and the network's affiliation deal with <a href="/wiki/New_World_Pictures#New_World_Communications" title="New World Pictures">New World Communications</a>, which it later purchased in 1996, and the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Fox" title="NFL on Fox">National Football League broadcast rights</a> brought a wave of new Fox affiliates. </p><p>Since its founding, Fox has surpassed ABC and NBC in the ratings during the early primetime hours in which it competes against the longer-established networks, becoming the second most-watched network behind CBS during the 2000s. During the 2007–08 season, Fox was the highest-rated of the major broadcast networks, as well as the first non-Big Three network to reach first place, but it lost the spot in the 2008–09 season and dropped to a close second. From 2004 to 2012 and 2020 to 2021, Fox also dominated American television in the lucrative and viewer-rich 18–49 age demographics, in large part due to the success of its NFL coverage and its top rated prime time program, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">American Idol</a></i>. Given the network's success in its prime time and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_(United_States)" title="Fox Sports (United States)">sports</a> offerings, it has been occasionally included with the Big Three, in which case the phrase "Big Four" is used. </p><p>Although Fox has firmly established itself as the nation's fourth major network with its ratings success, it is not considered part of the Big Three. Among Fox's differences with the Big Three is its reduced weekday programming. It lacks national <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_television" title="Breakfast television">morning</a> and evening news programs; Fox has a news division consisting of <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">cable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Radio" title="Fox News Radio">radio</a> operations, but does not provide content for the broadcast television network other than <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Sunday" title="Fox News Sunday">a weekly news analysis program</a>, limited <a href="/wiki/Breaking_news" title="Breaking news">special breaking news reports</a> and an affiliate news service for its stations called Fox News Edge. Fox does not feature any <a href="/wiki/Daytime_television_in_the_United_States" title="Daytime television in the United States">daytime programming</a> on weekdays, a third hour of <a href="/wiki/Prime_time" title="Prime time">prime time</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Late-night_talk_show" title="Late-night talk show">late-night talk shows</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_and_sixth_networks">Fifth and sixth networks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fifth and sixth networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other networks eventually launched in an attempt to compete with the Big Three as well as Fox, although these "netlets" have been unable to ascend to the same level of success. <a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a> launched in 1995; like Fox, they both added nights of prime time programming over the course of a few years, although The WB was the only one that aired any on weekends, carrying a Sunday night lineup for all but its first half-season on the air.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, Tribune launched <a href="/wiki/The_WB_100%2B_Station_Group" title="The WB 100+ Station Group">The WB 100+ Station Group</a> in 1998, a programming service primarily intended for smaller markets. </p><p>Both networks mainly aired only prime time and children's programming. The latter was the only form of weekday daytime programming offered by either one, although UPN discontinued its <a href="/wiki/Disney%27s_One_Too" title="Disney's One Too">children's lineup</a> in 2003 at the conclusion of a content deal with Disney, and UPN aired sports programming via the short-lived <a href="/wiki/XFL_(2001)" title="XFL (2001)">XFL</a>, as well as <i><a href="/wiki/WWF_SmackDown!" class="mw-redirect" title="WWF SmackDown!">WWF SmackDown!</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While The WB and UPN each had a few popular series during their existences, they struggled for overall viewership and financial losses. This led their respective parent companies, <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBS_Corporation" title="CBS Corporation">CBS Corporation</a>, to <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="2006 United States broadcast television realignment">shut them down</a> and jointly launch <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_CW_Plus" title="The CW Plus">The CW Plus</a> in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CW initially featured a mix of programs from both predecessors, as well as some newer shows after the launch. The last surviving series of The CW's predecessors — <a href="/wiki/Supernatural_(American_TV_series)" title="Supernatural (American TV series)"><i>Supernatural</i></a>, from The WB — continued until its finale on The CW in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar Media Group</a> acquired a 75-percent ownership stake in The CW on October 3, 2022; former joint owners <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_merger_of_CBS_and_Viacom" title="2019 merger of CBS and Viacom">successor to</a> CBS Corporation) and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a> (successor to Time Warner) retained a 25-percent stake, split at nominal 12.5-percent stakes for both companies.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Nexstar, The CW also began to broaden its programming to include national news (primarily via collaborations with Nexstar-owned cable news channel <a href="/wiki/NewsNation" title="NewsNation">NewsNation</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sports programming,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fox launched <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a> at the same time as The CW, with a lineup of English language <a href="/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela">telenovelas</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it later shifted toward unscripted programs and movies, though its persistent lack of ratings success led News Corporation in 2009 to convert it to a "programming service" which primarily carries acquired programming.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_network">Seventh network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Seventh network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Pax TV</a>, a venture of <a href="/wiki/Ion_Media" title="Ion Media">Paxson Communications</a>, debuted on August 31, 1998, as an attempted seventh broadcast network to compete against UPN and The WB; although Pax carried a limited schedule of first-run programs in its early years, its schedule otherwise was composed mainly of syndicated reruns. Pax TV later rebranded to i: Independent Television in 2005, before it was renamed to Ion Television in 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PBS">PBS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: PBS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_logo_2019_(Symbol).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PBS_logo_2019_%28Symbol%29.svg/250px-PBS_logo_2019_%28Symbol%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PBS_logo_2019_%28Symbol%29.svg/330px-PBS_logo_2019_%28Symbol%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PBS_logo_2019_%28Symbol%29.svg/500px-PBS_logo_2019_%28Symbol%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Logo of PBS</figcaption></figure> <p>Likewise, the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">Public Broadcasting Service</a> (PBS), which has existed since 1970, is not considered to be a "Big" network. PBS operates as a <a href="/wiki/Noncommercial_educational" class="mw-redirect" title="Noncommercial educational">noncommercial</a> service with a very different distribution form compared to the major networks; its member stations basically own the network instead of the traditional mode of a network owning some of its stations and affiliating with additional stations owned by other broadcasters, and it maintains memberships with more than one educational station in a few markets.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market_share">Market share</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Market share"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 21st century, the "Big Four" have controlled only a relatively small portion of the broadcasting market in the United States. By 2007, their collective share was estimated at a combined 32%.<sup id="cite_ref-HindmanWiegand_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HindmanWiegand-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Big Three's market share has declined considerably as a result of growing competition from other broadcast networks such as Ion Television, The CW, and MyNetworkTV; Spanish language networks such as <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a>, <a href="/wiki/UniM%C3%A1s" title="UniMás">UniMás</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a>; national cable and satellite channels such as <a href="/wiki/TNT_(American_TV_network)" title="TNT (American TV network)">TNT</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AMC_(TV_channel)" title="AMC (TV channel)">AMC</a>; and streaming channels such as <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HindmanWiegand_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HindmanWiegand-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each of the Big Four (to Five) networks is now owned by a <a href="/wiki/Media_cross-ownership_in_the_United_States" title="Media cross-ownership in the United States">media conglomerate</a>, providing <a href="/wiki/Corporate_synergy" title="Corporate synergy">corporate synergy</a> with various cable channels, a <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">major film studio</a>, a companion streaming service, and other sibling media assets. NBC is owned by <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> company (whose assets include <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Destinations_%26_Experiences" title="Universal Destinations & Experiences">Universal Destinations & Experiences</a>, <a href="/wiki/E!" title="E!">E!</a>, <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Golf_Channel" title="Golf Channel">Golf Channel</a>), since 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CBS and the CW are owned by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a> (who also owns <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a>, among other units; The CW and The CW Plus is jointly owned with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar Media</a>) since 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ABC is owned by <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> (whose assets consist of, but not limited to, <a href="/wiki/Disney_Experiences" title="Disney Experiences">Disney Experiences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disney_Channel" title="Disney Channel">Disney Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century Studios</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a>) since 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Fox and MyNetworkTV are owned by <a href="/wiki/Fox_Corporation" title="Fox Corporation">Fox Corporation</a> (who assets include <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tubi" title="Tubi">Tubi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_(United_States)" title="Fox Sports (United States)">Fox Sports</a>, and others) since 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Network_era" title="Network era">Network era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ABC_television_affiliates" title="Lists of ABC television affiliates">Lists of ABC television affiliates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_NBC_television_affiliates" title="Lists of NBC television affiliates">Lists of NBC television affiliates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_CBS_television_affiliates" title="Lists of CBS television affiliates">Lists of CBS television affiliates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Fox_television_affiliates" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of Fox television affiliates">Lists of Fox television affiliates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television_in_the_United_States" title="Cable television in the United States">Cable television in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_television_network" title="Fourth television network">Fourth television network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">High-definition television in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of television stations in the United States">Lists of television stations in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_pay_television_channels" title="List of United States pay television channels">List of United States pay television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">List of United States over-the-air television networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_North_America_by_media_market" title="List of television stations in North America by media market">List of television stations in North America by media market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television_in_the_United_States" title="Satellite television in the United States">Satellite television in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Television in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_news_in_the_United_States" title="Television news in the United States">Television news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_cable_news" title="United States cable news">United States cable news</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(American_television)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HindmanWiegand-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HindmanWiegand_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HindmanWiegand_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HindmanWiegand_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDouglas_Blanks_HindmanKenneth_Wiegand2008" class="citation journal cs1">Douglas Blanks Hindman; Kenneth Wiegand (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://robertoigarza.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/art-the-big-threes-prime-time-decline-hindman-2008.pdf">"The big three's prime-time decline: a technological and social context"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Broadcasting+%26+Electronic+Media&rft.atitle=The+big+three%27s+prime-time+decline%3A+a+technological+and+social+context&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Douglas+Blanks+Hindman&rft.au=Kenneth+Wiegand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frobertoigarza.files.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F10%2Fart-the-big-threes-prime-time-decline-hindman-2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kisseloff-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kisseloff_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Kisseloff1995" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Kisseloff (1995). <i>The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920–1961</i>. New York: Viking. pp. <span class="nowrap">42–</span>48, <span class="nowrap">69–</span>79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-86470-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-86470-6"><bdi>0-670-86470-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Box%3A+An+Oral+History+of+Television%2C+1920%E2%80%931961&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E48%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-670-86470-6&rft.au=Jeff+Kisseloff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kisseloff2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kisseloff2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Kisseloff1995" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Kisseloff (1995). <i>The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920–1961</i>. New York: Viking. p. 505. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-86470-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-86470-6"><bdi>0-670-86470-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Box%3A+An+Oral+History+of+Television%2C+1920%E2%80%931961&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=505&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-670-86470-6&rft.au=Jeff+Kisseloff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Castleman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Castleman_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFH._CastlemanW._Podrazik1982" class="citation book cs1">H. Castleman; W. Podrazik (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/watchingtvfourde00cast"><i>Watching TV: Four Decades of American Television</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/watchingtvfourde00cast/page/314">314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Watching+TV%3A+Four+Decades+of+American+Television&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1982&rft.au=H.+Castleman&rft.au=W.+Podrazik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwatchingtvfourde00cast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eugene_Register-Guard-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eugene_Register-Guard_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PR01AAAAIBAJ&pg=6828%2C3171846">"MBS Television Plans Readied"</a>. <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>. United Press. April 17, 1950. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=MBS+Television+Plans+Readied&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1950-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DPR01AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6828%252C3171846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pittsburgh_Press-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pittsburgh_Press_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSi_Steinhauser1950" class="citation news cs1">Si Steinhauser (April 18, 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YOUdAAAAIBAJ&pg=2373%2C1487863&q=KQV+lincese+gets+hopes+these+days+join+Mutual's+just+nounced+five-station">"TV Fans Rush to 'Aid' Silent Star on Vedio [sic]"</a>. <i>The Pittsburgh Press</i>. p. 43<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=TV+Fans+Rush+to+%27Aid%27+Silent+Star+on+Vedio+%5Bsic%5D&rft.pages=43&rft.date=1950-04-18&rft.au=Si+Steinhauser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DYOUdAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2373%252C1487863%26q%3DKQV%2Blincese%2Bgets%2Bhopes%2Bthese%2Bdays%2Bjoin%2BMutual%27s%2Bjust%2Bnounced%2Bfive-station&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalloy,_C.S.C2009" class="citation book cs1">Malloy, C.S.C, Edward A. (August 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Monk_s_Tale/tWEFDgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22mutual+television+network%22&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover"><i>Monk's Tale: The Pilgrimage Begins, 1941–1975</i></a>. University of Notre Dame Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-268-16201-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-268-16201-6"><bdi>978-0-268-16201-6</bdi></a>. <q>Television provided my first exposure to Notre Dame when I happened to watch an Irish football game in the 1950s on the Mutual Television Network (Washington [D.C.] being one of the few cities to have an outlet).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monk%27s+Tale%3A+The+Pilgrimage+Begins%2C+1941%E2%80%931975&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press&rft.date=2009-08-24&rft.isbn=978-0-268-16201-6&rft.aulast=Malloy%2C+C.S.C&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FMonk_s_Tale%2FtWEFDgAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3D%2522mutual%2Btelevision%2Bnetwork%2522%26pg%3DPT24%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2016" class="citation web cs1">Schneider, Michael (December 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiewire.com/2016/12/cnn-fox-news-msnbc-nbc-ratings-2016-winners-losers-1201762864/">"Most-Watched Television Networks: Ranking 2016's Winners and Losers"</a>. <i>IndieWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Most-Watched+Television+Networks%3A+Ranking+2016%27s+Winners+and+Losers&rft.date=2016-12-27&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2F2016%2F12%2Fcnn-fox-news-msnbc-nbc-ratings-2016-winners-losers-1201762864%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNeil-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNeil_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlex_McNeil1996" class="citation book cs1">Alex McNeil (1996). <i>Total Television, 4th edition</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">1143–</span>1161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8"><bdi>0-14-024916-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Total+Television%2C+4th+edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1143-%3C%2Fspan%3E1161&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-14-024916-8&rft.au=Alex+McNeil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-07-fi-16464-story.html">"Murdoch acquired six Metromedia TV stations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. March 7, 1986<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Murdoch+acquired+six+Metromedia+TV+stations&rft.date=1986-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-03-07-fi-16464-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Three+%28American+television%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610085342/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22543783.html">"Time Warner TV Network to Cover 40% of Nation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Buffalo_News" title="The Buffalo News">The Buffalo News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HighBeam_Research" title="HighBeam Research">HighBeam Research</a>. 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aria-labelledby="Broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States86" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television" title="Template talk:American broadcast television"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States86" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Template:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_English-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States176" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">English-language broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_CW_Plus" title="The CW Plus">The CW Plus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Kids Channel">PBS Kids Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Arts_Showcase" title="Classic Arts Showcase">Classic Arts Showcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">First Nations Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specialty_channel" title="Specialty channel">Specialty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic news</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_America%27s_Voice" title="Real America's Voice">Real America's Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YTA_TV" title="YTA TV">YTA TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International news</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CaribVision" title="CaribVision">CaribVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">Deutsche Welle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weather</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Weather" title="Fox Weather">Fox Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeatherNation_TV" title="WeatherNation TV">WeatherNation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeIN_Sports_Xtra" class="mw-redirect" title="BeIN Sports Xtra">beIN Sports Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rev%27n" title="Rev'n">Rev'n</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Black</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">TheGrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_of_the_South_Television" title="Soul of the South Television">Soul of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/365BLK" class="mw-redirect" title="365BLK">365BLK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Vision_(TV_network)" title="Asia Vision (TV network)">Asia Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_TV" title="Diya TV">Diya TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television" title="New Tang Dynasty Television">NTD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIETV" title="VIETV">VIETV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_TV" title="Arirang TV">Arirang TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_Radio" title="Arirang Radio">Arirang Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBS_America" title="KBS America">KBS America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">SBS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reality and lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defy_(TV_network)" title="Defy (TV network)">Defy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fave_TV" title="Fave TV">Fave TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localish" title="Localish">Localish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_Street" title="Merit Street">Merit Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nest_(TV_network)" title="The Nest (TV network)">The Nest</a></li> <li>Nosey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(American_TV_network)" title="Quest (American TV network)">Quest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Music_Channel" title="California Music Channel">CA Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_(TV_network)" title="Heartland (TV network)">Heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATV" title="LATV">LATV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal & true crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_TV" title="Court TV">Court TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Law & Crime">Law & Crime Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_American_Crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC American Crimes">NBC American Crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen (TV channel)">Oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">True Crime Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_TV" title="Ace TV">Ace TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">Get</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MeTV%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="MeTV+">MeTV+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeTV_Toons" title="MeTV Toons">MeTV Toons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_TV" title="Retro TV">Retro TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movies!" title="Movies!">Movies!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOST" title="NOST">NOST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comedy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antenna_TV" title="Antenna TV">Antenna TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rewind_TV" title="Rewind TV">Rewind TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catchy_Comedy" title="Catchy Comedy">Catchy Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_(TV_network)" title="TBD (TV network)">TBD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlaw (TV network)">Outlaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drama & action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Action_Channel_(US_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Action Channel (US TV channel)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)" title="Charge! (TV network)">Charge!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)" title="Comet (TV network)">Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroes_%26_Icons" title="Heroes & Icons">H&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_TV" title="Start TV">Start TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Ion Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Plus" title="Ion Plus">Ion Plus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Niche & genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzzr" title="Buzzr">Buzzr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Channel_(American_TV_network,_founded_2008)" title="The Family Channel (American TV network, founded 2008)">Family Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_Television" title="Story Television">Story TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Television" title="Cornerstone Television">Cornerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadiantTV" class="mw-redirect" title="RadiantTV">RadiantTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonlife_Broadcasting_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonlife Broadcasting Network">Sonlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Inspire" title="TBN Inspire">Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_shopping" title="Home shopping">Home shopping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSN" title="HSN">HSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">Jewelry TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnTV4U" class="mw-redirect" title="OnTV4U">OnTV4U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShopHQ" title="ShopHQ">ShopHQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">Shop LC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)_defunct" title="Template:American broadcast television (English) defunct"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(English)_defunct" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (English) defunct"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)_defunct" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (English) defunct"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defunct_English-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States276" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct English-language <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">broadcast television</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">networks</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network">DuMont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Time_Entertainment_Network" title="Prime Time Entertainment Network">PTEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prime_Time" title="Operation Prime Time">OPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTA_Film_Network" title="NTA Film Network">NTA Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Network" title="United Network">ON/United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Network" title="Paramount Television Network">Paramount Television Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_One" title="America One">America One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Network" title="American Independent Network">AIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_America" title="Channel America">Channel America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_(TV_channel)" title="Cheddar (TV channel)">Cheddar</a><sup>ci</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Country" title="Circle Country">Circle</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOST" title="NOST">Classic Reruns TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digi-TV" title="Digi-TV">Digi-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Television_Network" title="Hughes Television Network">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUCE_TV" title="JUCE TV">JUCE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">Light TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizlou_Television_Network" title="Mizlou Television Network">Mizlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_One" title="Network One">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATV_Native_American_Television" title="NATV Native American Television">NATV</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home" title="NBC LX Home">NBC LX Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omni_Broadcasting_Network" title="Omni Broadcasting Network">Omni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBJ_(TV_network)" title="PBJ (TV network)">PBJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_TV" title="Plum TV">Plum TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubo" title="Qubo">qubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFM_Holiday_Network" title="SFM Holiday Network">SFM Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Television_Network" title="Star Television Network">Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smile_(TV_network)" title="Smile (TV network)">Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TrueReal" title="TrueReal">TrueReal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_Television_Network" title="Theater Television Network">Theater TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_TV" title="This TV">This TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff_TV" title="Tuff TV">Tuff TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twist_(TV_network)" title="Twist (TV network)">Twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_America_Television" title="Urban America Television">UATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety Television Network">VTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Works_(TV_network)" title="The Works (TV network)">The Works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks#MHz_WorldView" title="MHz Networks">MHz Worldview</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResearchChannel" title="ResearchChannel">ResearchChannel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News Now">ABC News Now</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_News_Channel" title="All News Channel">All News Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoD_News_Channel" title="DoD News Channel">DoD News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_AccuWeather_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Local AccuWeather Channel">Local AccuWeather Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Weather_Plus" title="NBC Weather Plus">NBC Wx+/NBC+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a><sup>ci</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_News" title="Scripps News">Newsy/Scripps News</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TouchVision" title="TouchVision">TouchVision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sports_Network" title="American Sports Network">American Sports Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_(sports_network)" title="Stadium (sports network)">Stadium</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SportsGrid" class="mw-redirect" title="SportsGrid">SportsGrid</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsman_Channel" title="Sportsman Channel">Sportsman</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVS_Television_Network" title="TVS Television Network">TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Sports" title="Universal Sports">Universal Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Store" title="America's Store">America's Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gems_TV_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gems TV (USA)">Gems TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_TV" title="Gun TV">Gun TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television#Ion_Shop" title="Ion Television">Ion Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shop_at_Home_Network" title="Shop at Home Network">Shop at Home</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohemia_Visual_Music" title="Bohemia Visual Music">Bohemia Visual Music</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Box_(American_TV_channel)" title="The Box (American TV channel)">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_Jams" title="Retro Jams">Retro Jams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheCoolTV" title="TheCoolTV">TheCoolTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tube_Music_Network" title="The Tube Music Network">The Tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>c</sup> - Now cable-only, <sup>i</sup> - Now internet-only</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Template:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States204" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_television_networks_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States">Spanish-language broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_TeV%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="América TeVé">América TeVé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Visi%C3%B3n" title="Nuestra Visión">Nuestra Visión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ve_Plus_TV" title="Ve Plus TV">Novelisima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LATV" title="LATV">LATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_TV_(American_TV_network)" title="Mega TV (American TV network)">Mega TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeleXitos" title="TeleXitos">TeleXitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visi%C3%B3n_Latina" title="Visión Latina">Visión Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniM%C3%A1s" title="UniMás">UniMás</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major imported</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FOROtv" class="mw-redirect" title="FOROtv">FORO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_6_(Mexico)" title="Canal 6 (Mexico)">Canal 6/Multimedios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milenio_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Milenio Televisión">Milenio Televisión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicanal" title="Mexicanal">Mexicanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Once_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal Once (Mexico)">Canal Once</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XEIMT-TDT" title="XEIMT-TDT">Canal 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemax_(TV_network)" title="Telemax (TV network)">Telemax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleritmo" title="Teleritmo">Teleritmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almavision" title="Almavision">Almavision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBEH" class="mw-redirect" title="KBEH">Canal de La Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Latino" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Latino">3ABN Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlace" title="Enlace">Enlace</a></li> <li>Esperanza TV</li> <li>ESNE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN en Español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tele_Vida_Abundante" title="Tele Vida Abundante">Tele Vida Abundante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cine Mexicano</li> <li>Tele N</li> <li>MiCasa Network</li> <li>Mira TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Sorpresa!" title="¡Sorpresa!">¡Sorpresa!</a></li> <li>TeLe-Romántica</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_CV_Network" title="América CV Network">América CV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Azteca América">Azteca América</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Television_Network" title="Hispanic Television Network">Hispanic Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmigrante_TV" title="Inmigrante TV">Inmigrante TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAT_TV" title="LAT TV">LAT TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MundoMax" title="MundoMax">MundoMax</a></li> <li>Soi TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TuVisi%C3%B3n" title="TuVisión">TuVisión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VasalloVision" title="VasalloVision">VasalloVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-me" title="V-me">V-me</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Template:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States126" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">Religious broadcast</a> television networks in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TBN Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Inspire" title="TBN Inspire">TBN Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlace" title="Enlace">Enlace</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Spanish language)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Salsa" title="TBN Salsa">Salsa</a></li> <li>TBN Francophone <span style="font-size: 85%;">(French language)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Al Karma TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Review">Adventist Review</a> TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Facts" title="Amazing Facts">Amazing Facts</a> TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYU_TV" title="BYU TV">BYU TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatholicTV" title="CatholicTV">CatholicTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Faith_Network" title="Catholic Faith Network">CFN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Television_Network" title="Christian Television Network">CTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Television" title="Cornerstone Television">Cornerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar</a></li> <li>EICB TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Family Broadcasting Corporation">FBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEB_Network" title="GEB Network">GEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Learning_Channel" title="God's Learning Channel">GLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOD_TV" title="GOD TV">GOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Channel" title="Hope Channel">Hope</a></li> <li>IQRA TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Written" title="It Is Written">It Is Written</a> TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Linda_Broadcasting_Network" title="Loma Linda Broadcasting Network">LLBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonlife_Broadcasting_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonlife Broadcasting Network">SBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">3ABN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Dare_to_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Dare to Dream">3ABN Dare to Dream</a> Network</li> <li>3ABN International <span style="font-size: 85%;">(with 3ABN Australia)</span></li> <li>3ABN Kids Network</li> <li>3ABN Praise Him Music Network</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Proclaim!" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Proclaim!">3ABN Proclaim!</a> Network</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTL_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="PTL Television Network">PTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadiantTV" class="mw-redirect" title="RadiantTV">RadiantTV</a></li> <li>SafeTV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Living_Network" title="Total Living Network">TLN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unity_Broadcasting_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unity Broadcasting Network (page does not exist)">UBN</a></li> <li>The Walk TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Word_Network" title="The Word Network">Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Broadcasting_Corporation#World_Harvest_Television_(WHT)" title="Family Broadcasting Corporation">WHT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aliento Vision</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almavision" title="Almavision">Almavisión</a></li> <li>Aviva TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Television_Network" title="Christian Television Network">CTNi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar Español</a></li> <li>Esperanza TV</li> <li>ESNE</li> <li>Familia TV</li> <li>Fe-TV</li> <li>HCCN</li> <li>Iglesia JEMIR</li> <li>Red AdVenir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tele_Vida_Abundante" title="Tele Vida Abundante">Tele Vida Abundante</a></li> <li>3ABN Latino Network</li> <li>Tvida Vision</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visi%C3%B3n_Latina" title="Visión Latina">Visión Latina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>3ABN Français Network</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INSP_(TV_network)" title="INSP (TV network)">The Inspiration Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUCE_TV" title="JUCE TV">JUCE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids_%26_Teens_TV" title="Kids & Teens TV">Kids & Teens TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Angel" title="Sky Angel">Sky Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smile_(TV_network)" title="Smile (TV network)">Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Worship_Network" title="The Worship Network">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_TV" title="Template talk:North American TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American TV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Additional_resources_on_North_American_television87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Additional resources on North American television</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_stations_in_North_America" title="Template:Television stations in North America">List of local television stations in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV">DTV transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV">North American TV mini-template</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Canadian networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_networks" title="List of Canadian television networks">List of Canadian television networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_channels" title="List of Canadian television channels">List of Canadian television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_specialty_channels" title="List of Canadian specialty channels">List of Canadian specialty channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian television stations">Local Canadian TV stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_stations_available_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States stations available in Canada">List of United States stations available in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Vancouver_TV_realignment" title="2001 Vancouver TV realignment">2001 Vancouver TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Canada_broadcast_TV_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment">2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_broadcast_television" title="Template:Mexican broadcast television">Mexican networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Mexico" title="List of television stations in Mexico">Local Mexican TV stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">American networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cable_and_satellite_television_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States cable and satellite television channels">List of American cable and satellite networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">List of American over-the-air networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_W)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter W)">Local American TV stations (W)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter K)">Local American TV stations (K)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_television_networks_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States">Spanish-language TV networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_South_Florida_television_affiliation_switch" title="1989 South Florida television affiliation switch">1989 South Florida television affiliation switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%931996_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment">1994–1996 U.S. TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="2006 United States broadcast television realignment">2006 U.S. TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations_available_in_the_United_States" title="List of Canadian television stations available in the United States">List of Canadian television stations available in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_DTV" title="Template talk:North American DTV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American DTV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digital_television_in_North_America201" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital television</a> in North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_broadcasting" title="Digital broadcasting">Digital broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_tuner" title="ATSC tuner">ATSC tuners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">Digital subchannels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_channel" title="Virtual channel">Virtual channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_transmission_system" title="Distributed transmission system">Distributed transmission system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datacasting" title="Datacasting">Datacasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide_Plus" title="Guide Plus">Guide Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Datacast" title="National Datacast">National Datacast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UpdateLogic" class="mw-redirect" title="UpdateLogic">UpdateLogic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Television_Alliance" title="Metropolitan Television Alliance">Metropolitan Television Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(HDTV)" title="Grand Alliance (HDTV)">Grand Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital switchover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_Analog_Flash_and_Emergency_Readiness_Act" title="Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act">SAFER Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_channel_election" title="Digital channel election">Digital channel election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">Set-top boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_adapter" title="Digital television adapter">Digital television adapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupon-eligible_converter_box" title="Coupon-eligible converter box">U.S. Converter Box Coupon Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Transition_and_Public_Safety_Act_of_2005" title="Digital Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005">legislation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_passthrough" title="Analog passthrough">Analog passthrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_recorder" title="DVD recorder">DVD recorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_video_recorder" title="Digital video recorder">Digital video recorders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Digital standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC standards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATSC-M/H" title="ATSC-M/H">ATSC-M/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8VSB" title="8VSB">8VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-VSB" title="A-VSB">A-VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-VSB" title="E-VSB">E-VSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_and_System_Information_Protocol" title="Program and System Information Protocol">PSIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_Metadata_Communication_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming Metadata Communication Protocol">PMCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ATSC_standards" title="List of ATSC standards">full list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">Standard-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">Enhanced-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra high-definition TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2160p" class="mw-redirect" title="2160p">2160p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_digital_interface" title="Serial digital interface">Serial digital interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_antenna" title="Smart antenna">Smart antennas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEA-909" title="CEA-909">CEA-909</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Digital networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">Digital multicast television network</a></li> <li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">Template:American broadcast television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Template:Canadian television networks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">National deployment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Canada" title="Digital television in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Mexico" title="Television in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">HDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television transition in the United States">transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction" title="2008 United States wireless spectrum auction">wireless spectrum auction</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_cable" title="Digital cable">Digital cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable-ready#Digital_cable" title="Cable-ready">Digital-cable-ready TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QAM_(television)" title="QAM (television)">QAM tuners</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable-ready#Digital_cable" title="Cable-ready">Interactive-digital-cable-ready TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenCable_Application_Platform" title="OpenCable Application Platform">OpenCable Application Platform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_encryption#Digital_cable_and_satellite_television_encryption" title="Television encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Must-carry#Digital_must-carry" title="Must-carry">Must-carry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Subscription TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AllVid" title="AllVid">AllVid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CableCARD" title="CableCARD">CableCARD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downloadable_Conditional_Access_System" title="Downloadable Conditional Access System">Downloadable Conditional Access System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tru2way" title="Tru2way">Tru2way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S" title="DVB-S">DVB-S</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobeCast_World_TV" title="GlobeCast World TV">GlobeCast World TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">Free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/FTA_receiver" title="FTA receiver">receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Satellite_TV" title="Bell Satellite TV">Bell Satellite TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Telus TV">Telus Satellite TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dish_M%C3%A9xico" title="Dish México">Dish México</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiCipher_2" title="DigiCipher 2">DigiCipher 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4DTV" title="4DTV">4DTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Direct" title="Shaw Direct">Shaw Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claro_Puerto_Rico" title="Claro Puerto Rico">Claro Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Satellite_Service" title="Digital Satellite Service">Digital Satellite Service</a>/<a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">DVB-S2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrio_Corp." title="Vrio Corp.">Vrio</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sky_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Brazil">Sky Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Mexico">Sky Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_television" title="Internet Protocol television">IPTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-verse_TV" title="U-verse TV">U-verse TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Fibe_TV" title="Bell Fibe TV">Bell Fibe TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibe_(Bell_Aliant)" title="Fibe (Bell Aliant)">FibreOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Telus TV">Telus Optik TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9_aspect_ratio" title="14:9 aspect ratio">14:9 aspect ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">Active Format Description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television#Protection_parameters_for_terrestrial_DTV_broadcasting" title="Digital television">Channel protection ratios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">HDTV blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_modulation" title="Hierarchical modulation">Hierarchical modulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_decryption" title="Pirate decryption">Pirate decryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Television_in_the_United_States215" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Television in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Television in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Television_in_the_United_States215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Television in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations and networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">Over-the-air television networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of television stations in the United States">Stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television_in_the_United_States" title="Cable television in the United States">Cable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television_in_the_United_States" title="Satellite television in the United States">satellite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cable_and_satellite_television_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States cable and satellite television networks">Networks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">High-definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States#List_of_current_high-definition_channels" title="High-definition television in the United States">Channels</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Awards" title="Emmy Awards">Emmy Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="Primetime Emmy Awards">Primetime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Awards" title="Daytime Emmy Awards">Daytime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_and_Family_Emmy_Awards" title="Children's and Family Emmy Awards">Children's & Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Emmy_Awards" title="International Emmy Awards">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Emmy_Awards" title="Sports Emmy Awards">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_and_Documentary_Emmy_Awards" title="News and Documentary Emmy Awards">News & Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_and_Engineering_Emmy_Awards" title="Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards">Technology & Engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvania_Award" title="Sylvania Award">Sylvania Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="Directors Guild of America Awards">Directors Guild of America Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Producers_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="Producers Guild of America Awards">Producers Guild of America Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="Writers Guild of America Awards">Writers Guild of America Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="Screen Actors Guild Awards">Screen Actors Guild Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCA_Awards" title="TCA Awards">TCA Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Television_Awards" title="Critics' Choice Television Awards">Critics' Choice TV Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody_Awards" title="Peabody Awards">Peabody Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards" title="People's Choice Awards">People's Choice Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Awards" title="NAACP Image Awards">NAACP Image Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Cinema_Editors#Eddie_Awards" title="American Cinema Editors">Eddie Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artios_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Artios Awards">Artios Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cinematographers_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="American Society of Cinematographers Awards">American Society of Cinematographers Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitas_Prize" title="Humanitas Prize">Humanitas Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADG_Excellence_in_Production_Design_Awards" title="ADG Excellence in Production Design Awards">ADG Excellence in Production Design Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Effects_Society_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Effects Society Awards">Visual Effects Society Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Community_Broadcasters" title="National Federation of Community Broadcasters">Golden Reel Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Award" title="GLAAD Media Award">GLAAD Media Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Movie_%26_TV_Awards" title="MTV Movie & TV Awards">MTV Movie & TV Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Fandom_Awards" title="MTV Fandom Awards">MTV Fandom Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Television_Arts_%26_Sciences" title="Academy of Television Arts & Sciences">Academy of Television Arts & Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Producers" title="Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers">Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="American Society of Cinematographers">American Society of Cinematographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association" title="Motion Picture Association">Motion Picture Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Broadcasters">National Association of Broadcasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Television_Arts_and_Sciences" title="National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences">National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cable_%26_Telecommunications_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cable & Telecommunications Association">National Cable & Telecommunications Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paley_Center_for_Media" title="Paley Center for Media">Paley Center for Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Producers_Guild_of_America" title="Producers Guild of America">Producers Guild of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_East" title="Writers Guild of America, East">Writers Guild of America, East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers Guild of America, West">Writers Guild of America, West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prewar_television_stations" title="Prewar television stations">Prewar broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Television" title="Golden Age of Television">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_era" title="Network era">Network era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-channel_transition" title="Multi-channel transition">Multi-channel transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Television_(2000s%E2%80%93present)" title="Golden Age of Television (2000s–present)">New Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-network_era" title="Post-network era">Post-network era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Streaming wars">Streaming wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_television" title="List of years in television">History by decade</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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