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<span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_synagogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_synagogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>First synagogue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_synagogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_schism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_schism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>First schism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_schism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1930s_and_1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930s_and_1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>1930s and 1940s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930s_and_1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rabbi_Helfgott" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rabbi_Helfgott"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Rabbi Helfgott</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rabbi_Helfgott-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_facility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_facility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>New facility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_facility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advocacy_of_school_desegregation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocacy_of_school_desegregation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Advocacy of school desegregation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocacy_of_school_desegregation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centennial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centennial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Centennial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centennial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_schism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_schism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Second schism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_schism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&params=38.82058_N_77.096268_W_region:US-VA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°49′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°05′47″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.82058°N 77.096268°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.82058; -77.096268</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Reform synagogue in Alexandria, Virginia, US</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For similarly named synagogues, see <a href="/wiki/Beth-El_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Beth-El (disambiguation)">Beth-El</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #87CEFA">Beth El Hebrew Congregation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation_(logo).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of Beth El Hebrew Congregation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation_%28logo%29.png/220px-Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation_%28logo%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation_%28logo%29.png/330px-Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation_%28logo%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation_%28logo%29.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="62" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #87CEFA">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Judaism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Ecclesiastical or organizational status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leadership</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> David Spinrad</li><li><span class="nowrap">Rabbi Brett Isserow <span style="font-size:85%;">(Emeritus)</span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #87CEFA">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beth El Hebrew Congregation is located in Virginia"><img alt="Beth El Hebrew Congregation is located in Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="964" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.35%;left:76.446%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Beth El Hebrew Congregation"><img alt="Beth El Hebrew Congregation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&params=38.82058_N_77.096268_W_region:US-VA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°49′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°05′47″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.82058°N 77.096268°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.82058; -77.096268</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #87CEFA">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date established</th><td class="infobox-data">1859 <span style="font-size:85%;">(as a congregation)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Groundbreaking</th><td class="infobox-data note">1956</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data note">1957</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #87CEFA">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bethelhebrew.org">bethelhebrew<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%;"><sup id="cite_ref-clergy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clergy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Beth El Hebrew Congregation</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, in the United States. Established on September 4, 1859, it is oldest active congregation in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia" title="Northern Virginia">Northern Virginia</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beth El is an <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism#Judaism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarian</a> synagogue providing <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">worship</a> in the Reform tradition and is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Reform_Judaism" title="Union for Reform Judaism">Union for Reform Judaism</a>. Beth El's aims to provide a safe, supportive environment that allows all individuals to continue their spiritual journeys through exploration, education, and participation. Beth El is dedicated to bringing wholeness and healing to members of the congregation and the community as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-vision_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vision-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clergy_and_leadership">Clergy and leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Clergy and leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beth El's clergy consists of <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> David Spinrad and <a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">Cantor</a> Jason Kaufman.<sup id="cite_ref-clergy_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clergy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brett Isserow serves as Rabbi Emeritus. </p><p>Alan J. Cohn is the <a href="/wiki/President_(corporation)" class="mw-redirect" title="President (corporation)">president</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a>. Liz Bayer serves as <a href="/wiki/Executive_director" title="Executive director">executive director</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leadership_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_programs_and_activities">Religious programs and activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religious programs and activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beth El holds religious services for <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Beth El Early Childhood Learning Center offers a Jewish preschool program.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> Beth El's religious school offers a religious curriculum to students in kindergarten through tenth grade.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For adults, Beth El hosts religious study groups, <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> study groups, and classes to learn <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Language">Hebrew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adult_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adult-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Beth El's social action projects include conducting food drives,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> collecting baby items for victims of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>, supporting a social service safety net for those in need, and serving food to residents at a local shelter.<sup id="cite_ref-socialaction_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-socialaction-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The congregation was established by approximately forty Jewish families living in Alexandria, Virginia, on September 4, 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The congregation went by the name Beth El Hebrew Congregation or the alternative name of Hebrew Congregation of Alexandria.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the <a href="/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a> of 1859, the congregation held separate services for those wishing to worship in the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> tradition and those preferring a more <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">liberal</a> tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two groups decided to worship together beginning in the following year's High Holy Days.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Services were conducted in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> with accompaniment from a <a href="/wiki/Choir#In_worship_services" title="Choir">choir</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">organ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Services were held either in a rented space in the <a href="/wiki/Young_Men%27s_Christian_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Men's Christian Association">Young Men's Christian Association</a> or in a congregant's home.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1860s, Beth El worshiped at a rented space in Stewart's Hall at the northeast <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/38%C2%B048'17.9%22N+77%C2%B002'40.1%22W/">corner</a> of <a href="/wiki/King_Street_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="King Street (Alexandria, Virginia)">King</a> and Pitt streets.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, some of Beth El's services were led by ordained rabbis, while others were led by lay leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1867, Beth El finally had a permanent rabbi, Dr. Leopold Lowensohn.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_synagogue">First synagogue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First synagogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beth_El_Synagogue_Historical_Marker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Beth_El_Synagogue_Historical_Marker.jpg/220px-Beth_El_Synagogue_Historical_Marker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Beth_El_Synagogue_Historical_Marker.jpg/330px-Beth_El_Synagogue_Historical_Marker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Beth_El_Synagogue_Historical_Marker.jpg/440px-Beth_El_Synagogue_Historical_Marker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption>Beth El Hebrew Congregation historical marker on Washington Street, site of the congregation's first building.</figcaption></figure> <p>Beth El held a <a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> ball on March 8, 1871, in order to raise funds to construct a synagogue building.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next month, Beth El's leaders decided to build the synagogue on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/206+N+Washington+St,+Alexandria,+VA+22314/@38.8066148,-77.0490891,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7b0f84f6c0b4f:0x217106e9a300f9d0!8m2!3d38.8066148!4d-77.0469004?hl=en">land</a> located on <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_400" title="Virginia State Route 400">Washington Street</a>, just north of Cameron Street.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction began on June 26, and the building was completed by August 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dedication and the first <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> services were held on September 1, 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second floor served as the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a>, while the first floor was used for social purposes and the religious school.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later, Beth El purchased the land on which the synagogue was built from its owner, partially from funds raised from selling pews to twenty of its families.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1873, Rabbi Lowensohn left Beth El, and he was replaced by Rabbi A.A. Bonnheim.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later, several members accused Bonnheim of unbecoming conduct.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After some deliberation, the majority of the membership gave a vote of confidence to the rabbi, and at least four families resigned in disgust and formed their own congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The families rejoined Beth El two years later when Bonnheim left Beth El.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Bonnheim's departure, Beth El did not have another rabbi who stayed with the congregation for more than two consecutive years for several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_schism">First schism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First schism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1914, a group of Beth El's members who were new immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> decided they preferred <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Judaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-google1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-connect_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-connect-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group left Beth El and established <a href="/wiki/Agudas_Achim_Congregation_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Agudas Achim Congregation (Alexandria, Virginia)">Agudas Achim Congregation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-google1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the split, the two congregations remained on cordial terms.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930s_and_1940s">1930s and 1940s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1930s and 1940s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Six days after <a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a>, Beth El's members convened in a special meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benedict Weil, Beth El's president, proposed that Beth El hire Rabbi Hugo B. Schiff of <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlsruhe, Germany">Karlsruhe, Germany</a>, as its permanent rabbi.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff had been known in Northern Virginia for his work with Rabbi Ulrich Steuer of <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg, Virginia</a>'s reform congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A graduate of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Theological_Seminary_of_Breslau" title="Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau">Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Erlangen-Nuremberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Erlangen-Nuremberg">Erlangen University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-moderator_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moderator-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff had been the spiritual leader of a congregation of 1,000 members in Germany and a member of the Great Synagogue Council of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Baden" title="Republic of Baden">Baden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-refugee-rabbi_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refugee-rabbi-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbi Schiff had been imprisoned at the <a href="/wiki/Dachau_Concentration_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Dachau Concentration Camp">Dachau Concentration Camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moderator_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moderator-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because Schiff would enter the United States on a <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States#R_visa" title="Visa policy of the United States">religious visa</a>, the visa would be relatively simple to obtain, and otherwise restrictive visa quotas would not apply.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beth El's members enthusiastically approved the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff came to Beth El as its rabbi on April 18, 1939, bringing with him a <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> that had been rescued from Karlsruhe's destroyed synagogue.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virtually all Jewish residents of Karlsruhe who remained in the city were murdered in the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schiff expanded Shabbat services, reintroduced <a href="/wiki/Bar_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar Mitzvah">Bar Mitzvah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a> ceremonies, hosted congregational <a href="/wiki/Passover_seder" class="mw-redirect" title="Passover seder">Passover seders</a>, organized an adult study group,<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and held lectures about the history of Jewish people.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interior and exterior of the synagogue were refurbished.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Schiff's leadership, Beth El's membership quadrupled within nine years.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1941, Schiff became rabbi of the Arlington–Fairfax Jewish Center (since renamed Etz Hayim) on a part-time basis, which Beth El approved.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff also served as the rabbi of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Washington Hebrew Congregation">Washington Hebrew Congregation</a> during the summer months.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff became a professor of religion at <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schiff resigned from Beth El on July 1, 1948, in order to become a full-time assistant rabbi at Washington Hebrew Congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rabbi_Helfgott">Rabbi Helfgott</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rabbi Helfgott"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>C. Melvyn Helfgott, a newly ordained rabbi from Hebrew Union College, became Beth El's religious leader in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instead of a conventional sermon during Shabbat services, Rabbi Helfgott moderated a series of adult discussions on Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shabbat morning services became more family-oriented.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A youth group was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An adult-discussion group convened each Sunday morning.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Helfgott formed a Jewish study group for young married adults.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Helfgott led Beth El until May 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbi Emmet A. Frank became Beth El's spiritual leader in April 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-takespost_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-takespost-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A graduate of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Union_College-Jewish_Institute_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion">Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati</a>, Frank had served as assistant rabbi for a congregation in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> before joining Beth El.<sup id="cite_ref-takespost_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-takespost-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_facility">New facility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New facility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because Beth El's membership quadrupled in size during the 1950s, the congregation began to consider moving to a larger location.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1952, Beth El held additional High Holy Day services at a nearby church, and Beth El did the same for Shabbat services by 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1955, Beth El held an additional Shabbat service at a nearby Baptist church.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The religious school's enrollment had also increased similarly, and Beth El had begun to rent space at local school buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1955, Beth El purchased a wooded 5.5-acre (22,000 m<sup>2</sup>) piece of land on <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_420" title="Virginia State Route 420">Seminary Road</a> for $42,500.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beth El sold its synagogue for $25,000.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plans for the new synagogue included a 440-seat sanctuary, a social hall large enough for 460 people, and 22 classrooms for the religious school.<sup id="cite_ref-dedications_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dedications-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fundraising campaign paid for some of the costs, and a mortgage paid for the remainder.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groundbreaking began on May 26, 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the cornerstone was laid on February 10, 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was formally dedicated on September 13, 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-dedications_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dedications-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advocacy_of_school_desegregation">Advocacy of school desegregation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Advocacy of school desegregation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> held in the case of <a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a> that laws requiring students to attend different <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">public schools</a> <a href="/wiki/Segregation_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Segregation in the United States">based on their race</a> is unconstitutional because separate facilities are inherently unequal.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Harry F. Byrd Sr.">Harry F. Byrd Sr.</a> organized the <a href="/wiki/Massive_resistance" title="Massive resistance">Massive Resistance movement</a> to close public schools rather than desegregate them.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Rabbi Frank criticized Byrd's massive resistance movement in his sermon during <a href="/wiki/Kol_Nidre" title="Kol Nidre">Kol Nidre</a> services.<sup id="cite_ref-defend_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defend-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Segregationists in Virginia were quick to denounce Frank's sermon.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newspapers in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Virginia" title="Southern Virginia">southern Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> criticized the sermon,<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Frank received multiple threatening phone calls.<sup id="cite_ref-scare_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scare-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while many rabbis and Christian churches in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Washington">Metropolitan Washington</a> supported Frank.<sup id="cite_ref-defend_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defend-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few weeks later, Frank was invited to speak about Judaism at Arlington Unitarian Church.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a bomb threat; the church was evacuated and the speech was canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-bombthreat_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bombthreat-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frank said he would return to speak at the church the following Sunday because "I have a lot to say and I don't run that easy."<sup id="cite_ref-scare_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scare-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank said the bomb threat was the work "of a group of cowards who are afraid to come out into the daylight."<sup id="cite_ref-scare_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scare-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People from around the country mailed letters to Beth El in support of Rabbi Frank.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Frank's next sermon, he said that a "Jew who remains silent in the face of prejudice leveled at another group of God's children is traitorous to the basic principle of Judaism."<sup id="cite_ref-blackmail_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackmail-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring to the people who violently supported segregation, he pointed to the Jewish concept of repentance and forgiveness, saying, "no man should be so merciless that he will not forgive even the most sordid actions of men."<sup id="cite_ref-blackmail_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackmail-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frank returned to speak at the church the next Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-postponed_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postponed-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the audience was <a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> leader.<sup id="cite_ref-postponed_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postponed-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the church's lawn before his speech, Frank introduced himself to Rockwell and welcomed him to hear his speech.<sup id="cite_ref-postponed_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postponed-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Rockwell proposed that he meet with Frank later to clear up some misunderstandings, Frank agreed to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-postponed_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postponed-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centennial">Centennial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Centennial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beth El marked its <a href="/wiki/Centennial" title="Centennial">centennial</a> with a three-day celebration in March 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-3day_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3day-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_schism">Second schism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Second schism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 11, 1962, the Jewish Community Council stated it opposed public schools having celebrations of religious holidays such as Christmas. In response, Frank wrote a <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_the_editor" title="Letter to the editor">letter to the editor</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> saying there was nothing wrong with a public school having a celebration of Christmas together with a celebration of Hanukkah.<sup id="cite_ref-loe_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loe-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank wrote that such religious holiday celebrations were a way to teach children to respect others' religion.<sup id="cite_ref-loe_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loe-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of Beth El's congregants were unhappy with Frank's letter.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition to the rabbi and lay leadership at Beth El resulted in 43 families leaving and forming in new congregation, <a href="/wiki/Temple_Rodef_Shalom_(Falls_Church,_Virginia)" title="Temple Rodef Shalom (Falls Church, Virginia)">Temple Rodef Shalom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a> in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frank left Beth El in 1969 after accepting a position at <a href="/wiki/Temple_De_Hirsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple De Hirsch">Temple De Hirsch</a>, a Reform congregation in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-speaking_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speaking-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank said he was proud of always speaking from his heart about what he believed to be true.<sup id="cite_ref-speaking_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speaking-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was replaced by Rabbi Arnold G. Fink, an 11th-generation rabbi who graduated from Princeton University and Hebrew Union College. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion">Expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the mid-1960s, Beth El's synagogue was no longer large enough, particularly for its religious school, which had become overcrowded.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A committee's proposal to expand the synagogue building included a larger social hall, additional classrooms, and a room for youth groups.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expansion plan was approved in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beth El's membership continued to grow through the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With more of its families consisting of two parents with full-time careers and raising a family, fewer members were available to volunteer, and Beth El began to hiring employees to do the work that volunteers had always done.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the growing number of congregants, Beth El's rabbi, Rabbi Arnold G. Fink, found he was stretched too thin.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbi Amy Perlin became Beth El's first Assistant Rabbi in the summer of 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 33 years of service, Rabbi Fink retired in 2002, becoming <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">rabbi emeritus</a>. The Beth El Learning Center was named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-singing_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singing-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbi Brett R. Isserow was named Beth El's senior rabbi.<sup id="cite_ref-tablets_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tablets-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A native of <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, Rabbi Isserow studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Witwatersrand" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Witwatersrand">University of Witwatersrand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Union_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Union College">Hebrew Union College</a>'s Jewish Institute of Religion in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tablets_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tablets-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He came to Beth El after serving as associate rabbi at <a href="/wiki/The_Temple_(Atlanta)" title="The Temple (Atlanta)">Hebrew Benevolent Congregation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tablets_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tablets-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Isserow announced his retirement, and Rabbi David Spinrad was selected as his replacement,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Isserow would remain on in the role of rabbi emeritus. Spinrad also served at Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta before beginning his tenure at Beth El in July 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On June 25, 1962, in the case of <a href="/wiki/Engel_v._Vitale" title="Engel v. Vitale">Engel v. Vitale</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 17, 1962, in the case of <a href="/wiki/Abington_School_District_v._Schempp" title="Abington School District v. Schempp">Abington School District v. Schempp</a>, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored reading of Biblical verses in public schools is unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-clergy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clergy_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clergy_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bethelhebrew.org/about-us/clergy">"Clergy"</a>. <i>Beth El Hebrew Congregation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beth+El+Hebrew+Congregation&rft.atitle=Clergy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bethelhebrew.org%2Fabout-us%2Fclergy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth+El+Hebrew+Congregation" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver,_Louis1984" class="citation web cs1">Silver, Louis, ed. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bethelhebrew.org/sites/default/files/uploaded_files/about/beth_el_hebrew_congregation_1859_to_1984.pdf">"Beth El Hebrew Congregation 1859–1984"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Beth El Hebrew Congregation'<span></span></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beth+El+Hebrew+Congregation%27&rft.atitle=Beth+El+Hebrew+Congregation+1859%E2%80%931984&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bethelhebrew.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fuploaded_files%2Fabout%2Fbeth_el_hebrew_congregation_1859_to_1984.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth+El+Hebrew+Congregation" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vision-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vision_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bethelhebrew.org/about-us/vision-values">Our Vision and Values</a>". <i>Beth El Hebrew Congregation</i>. Retrieved October 7, 2016. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leadership-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leadership_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bethelhebrew.org/about-us/leadership">Leadership</a>". <i>Beth El Hebrew Congregation</i>. Retrieved October 7, 2016. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bethelhebrew.org/worship/shabbat">Shabbat</a>". <i>Beth El Hebrew Congregation</i>. Retrieved October 9, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bethelhebrew.org/worship/holidays">Holidays</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161010064850/https://www.bethelhebrew.org/worship/holidays">Archived</a> 2016-10-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Beth El Hebrew Congregation</i>. Retrieved October 9, 2016. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bethelhebrew.org/learning/preschool">Beth El Early Childhood Learning Center (ECLC)</a>". <i>Beth El Hebrew Congregation</i>. Retrieved October 9, 2016. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bethelhebrew.org/learning/religious-school">Religious School</a>". <i>Beth El Hebrew Congregation</i>. Retrieved October 9, 2016. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. 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April 23, 2009. p. 1, 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moderator-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moderator_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moderator_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/151731938/">Rabbi Schiff to Be Moderator Of War Meeting in Alexandria</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. June 20, 1944. p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refugee-rabbi-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-refugee-rabbi_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/151308915/">Hadassah to Hear Refugee Rabbi</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. September 16, 1940. P. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karlsruhe.de/b1/stadtgeschichte/gedenkbuch.de">Gedenkbuch für die Karlsruher Juden</a>" (German). <i>City of Karlsruhe</i>. December 20, 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/151132214/">Alexandria Rabbi To Lecture on History</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. October 18, 1939. p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/492729432/">Rabbi At Howard U.</a>" <i>The Chicago Defender</i>. 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D8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuston1954" class="citation news cs1">Huston, Luther A. (May 18, 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0517.html">"High Court Bans School Segregation; 9-to-0 Decision Grants Time to Comply"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Board of Education: Virginia Responds</a>". <i>State Library of Virginia</i>. 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-defend-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-defend_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-defend_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/533560039/">Protestants Defend Rabbi in Race Issue: Virginia Ministers Insist On His Right To Speak Out</a>". <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>. October 4, 1958. p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scare-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scare_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scare_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scare_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/493701995/">Va. Church Bomb Scare Under Probe</a>". <i>United Press International</i>. Daily Defender (Chicago, Illinois). October 21, 1958. p. A5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/149045978/">Area Church Emptied by Bomb Threat: Unitarians Forced To Cancel Rabbi's Arlington Sermon Bomb Scare Postpones Rabbi's Arlington Talk</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. October 20, 1958. p. A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bombthreat-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bombthreat_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/541020626/">420 Persons Flee Church: Bomb Feared: Rabbi Was To Speak At Unitarian Service In Arlington. Va</a>". <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>. 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D3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-postponed-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-postponed_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-postponed_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-postponed_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-postponed_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/149041668/">Rabbi Gives Sermon Postponed by Threat</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. October 27, 1958. p. B1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3day-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3day_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/141171856/">Temple Beth El Starts 3-Day Centennial Celebration Tonight</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. March 4, 1960. p. A9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loe-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loe_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loe_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank, Rabbi Emmet A. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/141782987/">...With Love</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Letter_to_the_editor" title="Letter to the editor">letter to the editor</a>). <i>The Washington Post</i>. January 26, 1962. p. A16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/370623311/">Highlight Of U.S. Supreme Court's Decision During 1961-62 Term Is 'All State Segregation Laws' Out</a>". <i>Tri-State Defender</i> (Memphis, Tennessee). October 13, 1962. p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/116416732/">Summary of Supreme Court's Actions</a>". <i>The New York Times</i>. June 18, 1963. p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/141494674/">Reform Jewish Temple Formed In Falls Church</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. July 28, 1962. p. C9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-speaking-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-speaking_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-speaking_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/147637227/">Departing Rabbi Champions 'Speaking Out'</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. June 28, 1969. p. B8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singing-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singing_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Michael Lee. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=AWNB&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=11C826159CB95908&p_docnum=31&p_queryname=8">The Singing Rabbi – Arnold Fink, 69, leaves lasting legacy in Alexandria's Jewish community</a>". <i>The Alexandria Gazette Packet</i>. April 7, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tablets-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tablets_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tablets_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tablets_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=AWNB&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=0F9FD5D6F9491D63&p_docnum=46&p_queryname=11">Torah tablets mark historic synagogue</a>". <i>The Washington Times</i>. March 24, 200. p. A2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForetek" class="citation web cs1">Foretek, Jared. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washingtonjewishweek.com/43757/beth-el-hebrew-names-new-rabbi/news/local-news/">"Reporter"</a>. <i>Washington Jewish Week</i>. Mid-Atlantic Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Jewish+Week&rft.atitle=Reporter&rft.aulast=Foretek&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonjewishweek.com%2F43757%2Fbeth-el-hebrew-names-new-rabbi%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth+El+Hebrew+Congregation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_El_Hebrew_Congregation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bethelhebrew.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/BethElHebrew">Beth El Hebrew Congregation</a> on <a href="/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook (identifier)">Facebook</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="List of synagogues in the United States"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Synagogues in the United States</span></a>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><div><a href="/wiki/States_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="States of the United States"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>By state</b></span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Alabama</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth-El_(Anniston,_Alabama)" title="Temple Beth-El (Anniston, Alabama)">Beth-El (Anniston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesseth_Israel_Congregation_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Knesseth Israel Congregation (Birmingham, Alabama)">Knesseth Israel (Birmingham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth-El_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Temple Beth-El (Birmingham, Alabama)">Beth-El (Birmingham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Temple Emanu-El (Birmingham, Alabama)">Emanu-El (Birmingham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_B%27nai_Sholom_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="Temple B'nai Sholom (Huntsville, Alabama)">B'nai Sholom (Huntsville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Sha%27arai_Shomayim_(Mobile,_Alabama)" title="Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim (Mobile, Alabama)">Sha’arai Shomayim (Mobile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agudath_Israel_Etz_Ahayem" title="Agudath Israel Etz Ahayem">Agudath Israel Etz Ahayem (Montgomery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Or" title="Temple Beth Or">Beth Or (Montgomery)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Arizona</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Scottsdale,_Arizona)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona)">Beth Israel (Scottsdale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanuel_of_Tempe" title="Temple Emanuel of Tempe">Emanuel (Tempe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_Ami_(Tucson,_Arizona)" title="Kol Ami (Tucson, Arizona)">Kol Ami (Tucson)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Arkansas</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Shalom_of_Northwest_Arkansas" title="Temple Shalom of Northwest Arkansas">Shalom (Fayetteville)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">California</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Los Angeles</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Wise_Temple" title="Stephen Wise Temple">Stephen Wise Temple (Bel Air)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Jacob_Congregation_(Beverly_Hills,_California)" title="Beth Jacob Congregation (Beverly Hills, California)">Beth Jacob (Beverly Hills)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanuel_(Beverly_Hills,_California)" title="Temple Emanuel (Beverly Hills, California)">Emanuel (Beverly Hills)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Beth_Shalom" title="Valley Beth Shalom">Valley Beth Shalom (Encino)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_of_Highland_Park_and_Eagle_Rock" title="Temple Beth Israel of Highland Park and Eagle Rock">Beth Israel (Highland Park and Eagle Rock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_of_Hollywood" title="Temple Israel of Hollywood">Temple Israel (Hollywood)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Am" title="Temple Beth Am">Temple Beth Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAR" title="IKAR">IKAR (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilshire_Boulevard_Temple" title="Wilshire Boulevard Temple">Wilshire Boulevard (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Chayim_Chadashim" title="Beth Chayim Chadashim">Beth Chayim Chadashim (Mid City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Ahavat_Shalom_Northridge" title="Temple Ahavat Shalom Northridge">Ahavat Shalom (Northridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehillat_Israel" title="Kehillat Israel">Kehillat Israel (Pacific Palisades)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ner_Tamid" title="Congregation Ner Tamid">Ner Tamid (Rancho Palos Verdes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Jewish_Temple_and_Center" title="Pasadena Jewish Temple and Center">Jewish Temple and Center (Pasadena)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Jewish_Center" title="Pacific Jewish Center">Pacific Jewish Center (Venice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Temple_Tifereth_Israel" title="Sephardic Temple Tifereth Israel">Sephardic Temple Tifereth Israel (Westwood)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Temple_(Los_Angeles)" title="Sinai Temple (Los Angeles)">Sinai Temple (Westwood)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">San Francisco</span></a><br />and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bay Area</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Berkeley,_California)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Berkeley, California)">Beth Israel (Berkeley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lerner_(rabbi)#Beyt_Tikkun_Synagogue" title="Michael Lerner (rabbi)">Beyt Tikkun (Berkeley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Temple_Sholom" title="Peninsula Temple Sholom">Peninsula Temple Sholom (Burlingame)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_(Daly_City,_California)" title="Congregation B'nai Israel (Daly City, California)">B'nai Israel (Daly City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Am" title="Congregation Beth Am">Beth Am (Los Altos Hills)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehilla_Community_Synagogue" title="Kehilla Community Synagogue">Kehilla Community Synagogue (Oakland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Sinai_(Oakland,_California)" title="Temple Sinai (Oakland, California)">Temple Sinai (Oakland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Am_Tikvah" title="Congregation Am Tikvah">Am Tikvah (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Sholom" title="Congregation Beth Sholom">Beth Sholom (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Emanu-El_(San_Francisco)" title="Congregation Emanu-El (San Francisco)">Emanu-El (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Love_and_Prayer" title="The House of Love and Prayer">House of Love and Prayer (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kitchen_(Jewish_community)" title="The Kitchen (Jewish community)">The Kitchen (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Sherith_Israel_(San_Francisco,_California)" title="Congregation Sherith Israel (San Francisco, California)">Sherith Israel (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodef_Sholom_(San_Rafael,_California)" title="Rodef Sholom (San Rafael, California)">Rodef Sholom (San Rafael)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kol_Shofar" title="Congregation Kol Shofar">Kol Shofar (Tiburon)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(Fresno,_California)" title="Temple Beth Israel (Fresno, California)">Beth Israel (Fresno)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabad_of_Poway" title="Chabad of Poway">Chabad (Poway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_(Sacramento,_California)" title="Congregation B'nai Israel (Sacramento, California)">B'nai Israel (Sacramento)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(San_Diego)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (San Diego)">Beth Israel (San Diego)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Stockton,_California)" title="Temple Israel (Stockton, California)">Temple Israel (Stockton)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Colorado</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beth_HaMedrosh_Hagodol-Beth_Joseph" title="Beth HaMedrosh Hagodol-Beth Joseph">Beth HaMedrosh Hagodol-Beth Joseph (Denver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanuel_(Denver)" title="Temple Emanuel (Denver)">Temple Emanuel (Denver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Sinai_(Denver)" title="Temple Sinai (Denver)">Temple Sinai (Denver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanuel_(Pueblo,_Colorado)" title="Temple Emanuel (Pueblo, Colorado)">Temple Emanuel (Pueblo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Aaron" title="Temple Aaron">Temple Aaron (Trinidad)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Connecticut</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_(Bridgeport,_Connecticut)" title="Congregation B'nai Israel (Bridgeport, Connecticut)">B'nai Israel (Bridgeport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Shalom_Rodfe_Zedek" title="Beth Shalom Rodfe Zedek">Beth Shalom Rodfe Zedek (Chester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Knesseth_Israel_(Ellington,_Connecticut)" title="Congregation Knesseth Israel (Ellington, Connecticut)">Knesseth Israel (Ellington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ahavath_Achim" title="Congregation Ahavath Achim">Ahavath Achim (Fairfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Mishkan_Israel" title="Congregation Mishkan Israel">Mishkan Israel (Hamden)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(West_Hartford,_Connecticut)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (West Hartford, Connecticut)">Beth Israel (Hartford West)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephereth_Israel_Synagogue" title="Tephereth Israel Synagogue">Tephereth Israel (New Britain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Synagogue_(New_Haven,_Connecticut)" title="Beth Israel Synagogue (New Haven, Connecticut)">Beth Israel (New Haven)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Agudath_Sholom" title="Congregation Agudath Sholom">Agudath Sholom (Stamford)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Westport,_Connecticut)" title="Temple Israel (Westport, Connecticut)">Israel (Westport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Jacob_(Woodbridge,_Connecticut)" title="Congregation B'nai Jacob (Woodbridge, Connecticut)">B'nai Jacob (Woodbridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Congregation_of_Woodmont" title="Hebrew Congregation of Woodmont">Hebrew Congregation of Woodmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">District of Columbia</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adas_Israel_Congregation_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Adas Israel Congregation (Washington, D.C.)">Adas Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bet_Mishpachah" title="Bet Mishpachah">Bet Mishpachah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Minyan" title="DC Minyan">DC Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesher_Israel_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Kesher Israel (Washington, D.C.)">Kesher Israeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machar_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Machar (Washington, D.C.)">Machar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohev_Sholom_Congregation" title="Ohev Sholom Congregation">Ohev Sholom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Pina_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Rosh Pina (Washington, D.C.)">Rosh Pina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_%26_I_Historic_Synagogue" title="Sixth & I Historic Synagogue">Sixth & I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Washington Hebrew Congregation">Washington Hebrew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Florida</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ahavath_Chesed" title="Congregation Ahavath Chesed">Ahavath Chesed (Jacksonville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shul_of_Bal_Harbour" title="The Shul of Bal Harbour">Bal Harbour (Surfside)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bet_Shira_Congregation" title="Bet Shira Congregation">Bet Shira (Miami)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_J._Safra_Synagogue_(Florida)" title="Edmond J. Safra Synagogue (Florida)">Edmond J. Safra (Miami)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Sholom_(Miami_Beach,_Florida)" title="Temple Beth Sholom (Miami Beach, Florida)">Beth Sholom (Miami Beach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Cuban Hebrew Congregation">Cuban Hebrew (Miami Beach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(Palm_Beach,_Florida)" title="Temple Emanu-El (Palm Beach, Florida)">Emanu-El (Palm Beach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_Hotel_(Palm_Beach,_Florida)" title="Palm Beach Hotel (Palm Beach, Florida)">New (Palm Beach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth-El_(Pensacola,_Florida)" title="Temple Beth-El (Pensacola, Florida)">Beth-El (Pensacola)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Georgia</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Jacob_(Atlanta)" title="Congregation Beth Jacob (Atlanta)">Beth Jacob (Atlanta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanier_University#Synagogue" title="Lanier University">Shearith Israel (Atlanta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temple_(Atlanta)" title="The Temple (Atlanta)">Temple (Atlanta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_B%27nai_Israel_Synagogue" title="Congregation of B'nai Israel Synagogue">B'nai Israel (Augusta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(Macon,_Georgia)" title="Temple Beth Israel (Macon, Georgia)">Beth Israel (Macon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Torah" title="Congregation B'nai Torah">B'nai Torah (Sandy Springs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Mickve_Israel" title="Congregation Mickve Israel">Mickve Israel (Savannah)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Hawaii</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Jewish_Chapel" title="Aloha Jewish Chapel">Aloha Jewish Chapel (Pearl Harbor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(Honolulu)" title="Temple Emanu-El (Honolulu)">Emanu-El (Honolulu)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Idaho</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahavath_Beth_Israel_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="Ahavath Beth Israel (Boise, Idaho)">Ahavath Beth Israel (Boise)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Illinois</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chicago" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Chicago</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshe_Emet_Synagogue" title="Anshe Emet Synagogue">Anshe Emet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshe_Sholom_B%27nai_Israel" title="Anshe Sholom B'nai Israel">Anshe Sholom B'nai Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Shalom_B%27nai_Zaken_Ethiopian_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Beth Shalom B'nai Zaken Ethiopian Hebrew Congregation">Beth Shalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Congregation" title="Emanuel Congregation">Emanuel Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAM_Isaiah_Israel" title="KAM Isaiah Israel">KAM Isaiah Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_Synagogue" title="Loop Synagogue">Loop Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makom_Solel_Lakeside" title="Makom Solel Lakeside">Makom Solel Lakeside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishkan_Chicago" title="Mishkan Chicago">Mishkan Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_Congregation_Israel" title="North Shore Congregation Israel">North Shore Congregation Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Suburban_Synagogue_Beth_El" title="North Suburban Synagogue Beth El">North Suburban Synagogue Beth El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Sholom" title="Temple Sholom">Temple Sholom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sinai_Congregation" title="Chicago Sinai Congregation">Chicago Sinai Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedek_Chicago" title="Tzedek Chicago">Tzedek Chicago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Montefiore_Congregation" title="Moses Montefiore Congregation">Moses Montefiore (Bloomington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattoon_Jewish_Community_Center" title="Mattoon Jewish Community Center">Jewish Community Center (Mattoon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Anshai_Emeth" title="Congregation Anshai Emeth">Anshai Emeth (Peoria)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Indiana</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Achduth_Vesholom" title="Congregation Achduth Vesholom">Achduth Vesholom (Fort Wayne)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation">Indianapolis Hebrew (Indianapolis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Iowa</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Israel_Synagogue_(Council_Bluffs,_Iowa)" title="B'nai Israel Synagogue (Council Bluffs, Iowa)">B'nai Israel (Council Bluffs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shalom_Jewish_Community" title="Beit Shalom Jewish Community">Beit Shalom (Davenport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Temple_(Sioux_City,_Iowa)" title="Mount Sinai Temple (Sioux City, Iowa)">United Orthodox (Sioux City)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Kansas</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_Abraham_Voliner" title="Congregation Beth Israel Abraham Voliner">Beth Israel Abraham Voliner (Kansas City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temple,_Congregation_B%27nai_Jehudah" title="The Temple, Congregation B'nai Jehudah">B'nai Jehudah (Overland Park)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Kentucky</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Adath_Israel_Brith_Sholom" title="Congregation Adath Israel Brith Sholom">Adath Israel Brith Sholom (Louisville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshei_Sfard_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Anshei Sfard (Louisville, Kentucky)">Anshei Sfard (Louisville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keneseth_Israel_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Keneseth Israel (Louisville, Kentucky)">Keneseth Israel (Louisville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Adath_Israel_(Owensboro,_Kentucky)" title="Temple Adath Israel (Owensboro, Kentucky)">Adath Israel (Owensboro)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Paducah,_Kentucky)" title="Temple Israel (Paducah, Kentucky)">Israel (Paducah)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Louisiana</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Israel_Traditional_Synagogue" title="B'nai Israel Traditional Synagogue">B'nai Israel (Alexandria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Gemiluth_Chassodim" title="Congregation Gemiluth Chassodim">Gemiluth Chassodim (Alexandria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshe_Sfard" title="Anshe Sfard">Anshe Sfard (New Orleans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(New_Orleans)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (New Orleans)">Beth Israel (New Orleans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Sinai_(New_Orleans,_Louisiana)" title="Temple Sinai (New Orleans, Louisiana)">Sinai (New Orleans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touro_Synagogue_(New_Orleans)" title="Touro Synagogue (New Orleans)">Touro (New Orleans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27Nai_Zion_Temple" title="B'Nai Zion Temple">B'Nai Zion (Shreveport)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Maine</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Bangor,_Maine)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Bangor, Maine)">Beth Israel (Bangor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etz_Chaim_Synagogue" title="Etz Chaim Synagogue">Etz Chaim (Portland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaarey_Tphiloh" title="Shaarey Tphiloh">Shaarey Tphiloh (Portland)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Maryland</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Academy_Jewish_Chapel" title="Naval Academy Jewish Chapel">Naval Academy (Annapolis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Israel_Synagogue_(Baltimore)" title="B'nai Israel Synagogue (Baltimore)">B'nai Israel (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Baltimore Hebrew Congregation">Hebrew (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Am" title="Beth Am">Beth Am (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shearith_Israel_(Baltimore,_Maryland)" title="Congregation Shearith Israel (Baltimore, Maryland)">Shearith Israel (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shomrei_Emunah_(Baltimore)" title="Congregation Shomrei Emunah (Baltimore)">Shomrei Emunah (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Tiferes_Yisroel" title="Congregation Tiferes Yisroel">Tiferes Yisroel (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_El_(Bethesda,_Maryland)" title="Congregation Beth El (Bethesda, Maryland)">Beth El (Bethesda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Hills_Presbyterian_Church" title="Bradley Hills Presbyterian Church">Bethesda Jewish Congregation (Bethesda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Shalom_Congregation_(Columbia,_Maryland)" title="Beth Shalom Congregation (Columbia, Maryland)">Beth Shalom (Columbia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27er_Chayim_Temple" title="B'er Chayim Temple">B'er Chayim (Cumberland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_B%27Nai_Israel_(Easton,_Maryland)" title="Temple B'Nai Israel (Easton, Maryland)">B'Nai Israel (Easton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Sholom_Congregation_(Frederick,_Maryland)" title="Beth Sholom Congregation (Frederick, Maryland)">Beth Sholom (Frederick)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kol_Ami_of_Frederick" title="Congregation Kol Ami of Frederick">Kol Ami (Frederick)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanuel_(Kensington,_Maryland)" title="Temple Emanuel (Kensington, Maryland)">Emanuel (Kensington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseh_Shalom_Synagogue" title="Oseh Shalom Synagogue">Oseh Shalom (Laurel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magen_David_Sephardic_Congregation" title="Magen David Sephardic Congregation">Magen David Sephardic (North Bethesda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohev_Sholom_Talmud_Torah_Congregation_of_Olney" title="Ohev Sholom Talmud Torah Congregation of Olney">Ohev Sholom Talmud Torah (Olney)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_El_Congregation_(Pikesville,_Maryland)" title="Beth El Congregation (Pikesville, Maryland)">Beth El (Pikesville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Tfiloh_Congregation" title="Beth Tfiloh Congregation">Beth Tfiloh (Pikesville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Sinai_%E2%80%93_Oheb_Shalom_Congregation" title="Har Sinai – Oheb Shalom Congregation">Har Sinai – Oheb Shalom (Pikesville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Sholom_Congregation_and_Talmud_Torah" title="Beth Sholom Congregation and Talmud Torah">Beth Sholom and Talmud Torah (Potomac)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Congregation_(Salisbury,_Maryland)" title="Beth Israel Congregation (Salisbury, Maryland)">Beth Israel (Salisbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Israel_Shomrai_Emunah" title="Young Israel Shomrai Emunah">Young Israel Shomrai Emunah (Silver Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Israel_Congregation_(Rockville,_Maryland)" title="B'nai Israel Congregation (Rockville, Maryland)">B'nai Israel (Rockville)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Massachusetts</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Boston)" title="Temple Israel (Boston)">Temple Israel (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Ohabei_Shalom_(Brookline,_Massachusetts)" title="Temple Ohabei Shalom (Brookline, Massachusetts)">Ohabei Shalom (Brookline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahal_B%27raira" title="Kahal B'raira">Kahal B'raira (Cambridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Agudath_Shalom" title="Congregation Agudath Shalom">Agudath Shalom (Chelsea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Malden,_Massachusetts)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Malden, Massachusetts)">Beth Israel (Malden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Street_Shul" title="Adams Street Shul">Adams Street (Newton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaarei_Tefillah" title="Shaarei Tefillah">Shaarei Tefillah (Newton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(North_Adams,_Massachusetts)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (North Adams, Massachusetts)">Beth Israel (North Adams)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Onset,_Massachusetts)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Onset, Massachusetts)">Beth Israel (Onset)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Anshe_Amunim_(Pittsfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Temple Anshe Amunim (Pittsfield, Massachusetts)">Anshe Amunim (Pittsfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Temple_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Sinai Temple (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Sinai Temple (Springfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahavath_Torah_(Stoughton,_Massachusetts)" title="Ahavath Torah (Stoughton, Massachusetts)">Ahavath Torah (Stoughton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Worcester,_Massachusetts)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Worcester, Massachusetts)">Beth Israel (Worcester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanuel_Sinai_(Worcester,_Massachusetts)" title="Temple Emanuel Sinai (Worcester, Massachusetts)">Emanuel Sinai (Worcester)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Michigan</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_El_(Alpena,_Michigan)" title="Temple Beth El (Alpena, Michigan)">Beth El (Alpena)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_of_Ann_Arbor" title="Genesis of Ann Arbor">Beth Emeth (Ann Arbor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Congregation_(Ann_Arbor,_Michigan)" title="Beth Israel Congregation (Ann Arbor, Michigan)">Beth Israel (Ann Arbor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_El_(Detroit)" title="Temple Beth El (Detroit)">Beth El (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Temple" title="Birmingham Temple">Birmingham Temple (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Agree_Downtown_Synagogue" title="Isaac Agree Downtown Synagogue">Isaac Agree Downtown (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanuel_(Grand_Rapids,_Michigan)" title="Temple Emanuel (Grand Rapids, Michigan)">Temple Emanuel (Grand Rapids)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Jacob" title="Temple Jacob">Temple Jacob (Hancock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Sholom_(Marquette,_Michigan)" title="Temple Beth Sholom (Marquette, Michigan)">Beth Sholom (Marquette)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(Jackson,_Michigan)" title="Temple Beth Israel (Jackson, Michigan)">Beth Israel (Jackson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(West_Bloomfield,_Michigan)" title="Temple Israel (West Bloomfield, Michigan)">Temple Israel (West Bloomfield)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_Minnesota" title="List of synagogues in Minnesota"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Minnesota</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Jacob_Congregation_(Mendota_Heights,_Minnesota)" title="Beth Jacob Congregation (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)">Beth Jacob (Mendota Heights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Minneapolis)" title="Temple Israel (Minneapolis)">Temple Israel (Minneapolis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adath_Jeshurun_Congregation" title="Adath Jeshurun Congregation">Adath Jeshurun (Minnetonka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_El_Synagogue_(St._Louis_Park,_Minnesota)" title="Beth El Synagogue (St. Louis Park, Minnesota)">Beth El (St Louis Park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion_Temple" title="Mount Zion Temple">Mount Zion (St Paul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Emet" title="Or Emet">Or Emet (St Paul)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Mississippi</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Adath_Israel_(Cleveland,_Mississippi)" title="Temple Adath Israel (Cleveland, Mississippi)">Adath Israel (Cleveland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Congregation_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="Beth Israel Congregation (Jackson, Mississippi)">Beth Israel (Jackson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Meridian,_Mississippi)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Meridian, Mississippi)">Beth Israel (Meridian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_B%27nai_Israel_(Tupelo,_Mississippi)" title="Temple B'nai Israel (Tupelo, Mississippi)">B'nai Israel (Tupelo)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Missouri</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Hebrew_Congregation_(Chesterfield,_Missouri)" title="United Hebrew Congregation (Chesterfield, Missouri)">United Hebrew (Chesterfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Amoona" title="Congregation B'nai Amoona">B'nai Amoona (Creve Coeur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shaare_Emeth" title="Congregation Shaare Emeth">Shaare Emeth (Creve Coeur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Temple_Israel_(Creve_Coeur,_Missouri)" title="Congregation Temple Israel (Creve Coeur, Missouri)">Temple Israel (Creve Coeur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_El_(Jefferson_City,_Missouri)" title="Temple Beth El (Jefferson City, Missouri)">Beth El (Jefferson City)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Nebraska</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Congregation_B%27nai_Jeshurun" title="Temple of Congregation B'nai Jeshurun">B'nai Jeshurun / South Sreet (Lincoln)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">New Jersey</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Sholom_(Cherry_Hill,_New_Jersey)" title="Temple Beth Sholom (Cherry Hill, New Jersey)">Beth Sholom (Cherry Hill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kol_Ami" title="Congregation Kol Ami">Kol Ami (Cherry Hill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_Deal" title="Synagogue of Deal">Synagogue of Deal (Deal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Hillel_Beth_Abraham" title="Temple Beth Hillel Beth Abraham">Beth Hillel (Deerville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ahavath_Torah" title="Congregation Ahavath Torah">Ahavath Torah (Englewood)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnert_Temple" title="Barnert Temple">Barnert (Franklin Lakes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freehold_Jewish_Center" title="Freehold Jewish Center">Agudath Achim (Freehold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Etz_Ahaim_Sephardic" title="Congregation Etz Ahaim Sephardic">Etz Ahaim Sephardic (Highland Park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue_of_Hoboken" title="United Synagogue of Hoboken">United Synagogue of Hoboken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth-El_(Jersey_City,_New_Jersey)" title="Temple Beth-El (Jersey City, New Jersey)">Beth-El (Jersey City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Adas_Emuno_(New_Jersey)" title="Congregation Adas Emuno (New Jersey)">Adas Emuno (Leonia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_B%27Nai_Abraham" title="Temple B'Nai Abraham">B'Nai Abraham (Livingston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Shaari_Emeth" title="Temple Shaari Emeth">Shaari Emeth (Manalapan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_Jewish_Center" title="Marlboro Jewish Center">Marlboro Jewish Center (Marlboro)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_(Millburn,_New_Jersey)" title="Congregation B'nai Israel (Millburn, New Jersey)">B'nai Israel (Millburn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Hillel_Beth_Abraham" title="Temple Beth Hillel Beth Abraham">Beth Hillel Beth Abraham (Millville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown_Jewish_Center" title="Morristown Jewish Center">Morristown Jewish Center (Morristown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Congregation_Beth_Israel" title="Reconstructionist Congregation Beth Israel">Beth Israel (Ridgewood)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenhayn_Synagogue" title="Rosenhayn Synagogue">Rosenhayn Synagogue (Rosenhayn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oheb_Shalom_Congregation" title="Oheb Shalom Congregation">Oheb Shalom (South Orange)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_El_(Voorhees,_New_Jersey)" title="Congregation Beth El (Voorhees, New Jersey)">Beth El (Voorhees)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">New Mexico</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Albert" title="Congregation Albert">Albert (Albuquerque)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_(Albuquerque,_New_Mexico)" title="Congregation B'nai Israel (Albuquerque, New Mexico)">B'nai Israel (Albuquerque)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">New York</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">The Bronx</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Synagogue_Adath_Israel_of_Riverdale" title="Conservative Synagogue Adath Israel of Riverdale">Adath Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Institute_of_Riverdale" title="Hebrew Institute of Riverdale">Hebrew Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverdale_Jewish_Center" title="Riverdale Jewish Center">Riverdale Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverdale_Temple" title="Riverdale Temple">Riverdale Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Brooklyn</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_Ahavas_Yisroel" title="Chevra Ahavas Yisroel">Chevra Ahavas Yisroel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magen_David_Synagogue_(Brooklyn)" title="Magen David Synagogue (Brooklyn)">Magen David (Bensonhurst)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_Anshei_Lubawitz_of_Borough_Park" title="Chevra Anshei Lubawitz of Borough Park">Chevra Anshei Lubawitz (Borough Park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shomrei_Emunah_(Borough_Park)" title="Congregation Shomrei Emunah (Borough Park)">Shomrei Emunah (Borough Park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Israel_Beth_El_of_Borough_Park" title="Young Israel Beth El of Borough Park">Young Israel Beth El (Borough Park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Baith_Israel_Anshei_Emes" title="Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes">Kane Street / <i>Baith Israel Anshei Emes</i> (Cobble Hill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/770_Eastern_Parkway" title="770 Eastern Parkway">770 Eastern Parkway (Crown Heights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_Ahavas_Yisroel" title="Chevra Ahavas Yisroel">Chevra Ahavas Yisroel (Crown Heights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kol_Israel" title="Congregation Kol Israel">Kol Israel (Crown Heights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_El_Jewish_Center_of_Flatbush" title="Beth El Jewish Center of Flatbush">Beth El (Flatbush)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veretzky_(Rabbinical_dynasty)#Today" title="Veretzky (Rabbinical dynasty)">Khal Hisachdus Yirieim Veretzky (Flatbush)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shaare_Zion" title="Congregation Shaare Zion">Shaare Zion (Gravesend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_J._Safra_Synagogue_(Brooklyn)" title="Edmond J. Safra Synagogue (Brooklyn)">Edmond J. Safra (Homecrest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_Jewish_Center" title="Ocean Parkway Jewish Center">Ocean Parkway (Kensington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach_Jewish_Center" title="Manhattan Beach Jewish Center">Jewish Center (Manhattan Beach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Yosef_Synagogue" title="B'nai Yosef Synagogue">B'nai Yosef (Mapleton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midwood_Jewish_Center" title="East Midwood Jewish Center">East Midwood (Midwood)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Jewish_Center" title="Kingsway Jewish Center">Kingsway Center (Midwood)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Center_of_Mill_Basin" title="Sephardic Center of Mill Basin">Sephardic Center (Mills Basin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Elohim" title="Congregation Beth Elohim">Beth Elohim (Park Slope)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kolot_Chayeinu" title="Congregation Kolot Chayeinu">Kolot Chayeinu (Park Slope)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Slope_Jewish_Center" title="Park Slope Jewish Center">Park Slope (Park Slope)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Jacob_Ohev_Sholom" title="Congregation Beth Jacob Ohev Sholom">Beth Jacob Ohev Sholom (Williamsburg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Yetev_Lev_D%27Satmar_(Hooper_Street,_Brooklyn)" title="Congregation Yetev Lev D'Satmar (Hooper Street, Brooklyn)">Yetev Lev D'Satmar (Hooper Street, Williamsburg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Yetev_Lev_D%27Satmar_(Rodney_Street,_Brooklyn)" title="Congregation Yetev Lev D'Satmar (Rodney Street, Brooklyn)">Yetev Lev D'Satmar (Rodney Street, Williamsburg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khal_Adath_Jeshurun" title="Khal Adath Jeshurun">K'hal Adath Jeshurun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Long_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island, New York"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Long Island</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Center_of_Atlantic_Beach" title="Jewish Center of Atlantic Beach">Jewish Center (Atlantic Beach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Center_of_the_Hamptons" title="Jewish Center of the Hamptons">Jewish Center (East Hampton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Meadow_Jewish_Center" title="East Meadow Jewish Center">Jewish Center (East Meadow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Reform_Temple" title="North Country Reform Temple">North Country Reform (Glen Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth-El_(Great_Neck,_New_York)" title="Temple Beth-El (Great Neck, New York)">Beth-El (Great Neck)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Tifereth_Israel_(Greenport,_New_York)" title="Congregation Tifereth Israel (Greenport, New York)">Tifereth Israel (Greenport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho_Jewish_Center" title="Jericho Jewish Center">Jewish Center (Jericho)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(Long_Beach,_New_York)" title="Temple Emanu-El (Long Beach, New York)">Emanu-El (Long Beach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Synagogue_of_the_North_Shore" title="Reconstructionist Synagogue of the North Shore">Reconstructionist Synagogue (Plandome)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(Port_Washington,_New_York)" title="Temple Beth Israel (Port Washington, New York)">Beth Israel (Port Washington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Adas_Israel_(Sag_Harbor)" title="Temple Adas Israel (Sag Harbor)">Adas Israel (Sag Harbor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Aish_Kodesh" title="Congregation Aish Kodesh">Aish Kodesh (Woodmere)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Manhattan</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altneu" title="Altneu">Altneu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_St._Mark#Synagogue" title="German Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Mark">Sixth Street (East Village)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meserich_Synagogue" title="Meserich Synagogue">Meserich (East Village)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_West_Side_Jewish_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation Beth Israel West Side Jewish Center">Beth Israel West Side (Garment District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millinery_Center_Synagogue" title="Millinery Center Synagogue">Millinery Center (Garment District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Broadway_Synagogue" title="Old Broadway Synagogue">Old Broadway (Harlem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Actors%27_Temple" title="The Actors' Temple">Actor's Temple (Hells Kitchen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tryon_Jewish_Center" title="Fort Tryon Jewish Center">Fort Tryon (Hudson Heights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square_Synagogue" title="Lincoln Square Synagogue">Lincoln Square (Lincoln Square)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialystoker_Synagogue" title="Bialystoker Synagogue">Bialystoker (Lower East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Congregation_for_Humanistic_Judaism" title="City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism">City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism (Lower East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Chasam_Sopher" title="Congregation Chasam Sopher">Chasam Sopher (Lower East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Street_Synagogue" title="Eldridge Street Synagogue">Eldridge Street (Lower East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehila_Kedosha_Janina" title="Kehila Kedosha Janina">Kehila Kedosha Janina (Lower East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shul_of_New_York" title="The Shul of New York">Shul of New York (Lower East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Street_Synagogue" title="Stanton Street Synagogue">Stanton Street (Lower East)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Talmud_Torah_Adereth_El" title="Congregation Talmud Torah Adereth El">Talmud Torah Adereth El (Lower East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lab/Shul" title="Lab/Shul">Lab/Shul (Lower West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beit_Simchat_Torah" title="Congregation Beit Simchat Torah">Beit Simchat Torah (Midtown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Synagogue_(Manhattan)" title="Central Synagogue (Manhattan)">Central Synagogue (Midtown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place_Synagogue" title="Sutton Place Synagogue">Sutton Place (Midtown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TriBeCa_Synagogue" title="TriBeCa Synagogue">TriBeCa Synagogue (Tribeca)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_of_New_York_(1930)" title="Temple Emanu-El of New York (1930)">Temple Emanu-El, 1930 (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Synagogue" title="Fifth Avenue Synagogue">Fifth Avenue (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Temple Israel of the City of New York">Israel of the City of New York (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kehilath_Jeshurun" title="Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun">Kehilath Jeshurun (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Or_Zarua" title="Congregation Or Zarua">Or Zarua (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Synagogue" title="Park Avenue Synagogue">Park Avenue (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_East_Synagogue" title="Park East Synagogue">Park East (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_J._Safra_Synagogue_(Manhattan)" title="Edmond J. Safra Synagogue (Manhattan)">Edmond J. Safra (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Shaaray_Tefila" title="Temple Shaaray Tefila">Shaaray Tefila (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Christian_Church#Temple_of_Universal_Judaism" title="Park Avenue Christian Church">Temple of Universal Judaism (Upper East Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansche_Chesed" title="Ansche Chesed">Ansche Chesed (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Jeshurun_(Manhattan)" title="B'nai Jeshurun (Manhattan)">B'nai Jeshurun (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Habonim" title="Congregation Habonim">Habonim (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Jewish Center (Manhattan)">Jewish Center (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_Zimrah" title="Kol Zimrah">Kol Zimrah (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ohab_Zedek" title="Congregation Ohab Zedek">Ohab Zedek (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramath_Orah" title="Ramath Orah">Ramath Orah (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Rodeph_Sholom_(Manhattan)" title="Congregation Rodeph Sholom (Manhattan)">Rodeph Sholom (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romemu" title="Romemu">Romemu (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shaare_Zedek_(Manhattan)" title="Congregation Shaare Zedek (Manhattan)">Shaare Zedek (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shearith_Israel" title="Congregation Shearith Israel">Shearith Israel (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Advancement_of_Judaism" title="Society for the Advancement of Judaism">Society for the Advancement of Judaism (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Wise_Free_Synagogue" title="Stephen Wise Free Synagogue">Stephen Wise Free (Upper West Side)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Tabernacle_of_Washington_Heights" title="Hebrew Tabernacle of Washington Heights">Hebrew Tabernacle of Washington Heights (Washington Heights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khal_Adath_Jeshurun" title="Khal Adath Jeshurun">K'hal Adath Jeshurun (Washington Heights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Jewish_Center" title="Mount Sinai Jewish Center">Mount Sinai (Washington Heights)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Queens</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astoria_Center_of_Israel" title="Astoria Center of Israel">Center of Israel (Astoria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Etz_Hayim_at_Hollis_Hills_Bayside" title="Congregation Etz Hayim at Hollis Hills Bayside">Etz Hayim at Hollis Hills (Bayside)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Tifereth_Israel_(Queens)" title="Congregation Tifereth Israel (Queens)">Tifereth Israel (Corona)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Synagogue_of_Flushing" title="Free Synagogue of Flushing">Free (Flushing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Georgian_Jews" title="Congregation of Georgian Jews">Georgian Jews (Forest Hills)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Jewish_Center" title="Queens Jewish Center">Queens Center (Forest Hills)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rego_Park_Jewish_Center" title="Rego Park Jewish Center">Rego Park (Rego Park)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Emeth" title="Congregation Beth Emeth">Beth Emeth (Albany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_David_Synagogue_(Amenia,_New_York)" title="Beth David Synagogue (Amenia, New York)">Beth David (Amenia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Zion_(Buffalo,_New_York)" title="Temple Beth Zion (Buffalo, New York)">Beth Zion (Buffalo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_El_of_Northern_Westchester" title="Temple Beth El of Northern Westchester">Beth El (Chappaqua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Shalom_(Clifton_Park,_New_York)" title="Congregation Beth Shalom (Clifton Park, New York)">Beth Shalom (Clifton Park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_Synagogue" title="Congregation B'nai Israel Synagogue">B'nai Israel (Fleischmanns)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Synagogue" title="Hunter Synagogue">Hunter (Hunter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerhonkson_Synagogue" title="Kerhonkson Synagogue">Kerhonkson Synagogue (Kerhonkson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Sheldrake_Synagogue" title="Loch Sheldrake Synagogue">Loch Sheldrake Synagogue (Loch Sheldrake)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Agudas_Achim_(Livingston_Manor,_New_York)" title="Congregation Agudas Achim (Livingston Manor, New York)">Agudas Achim (Livingston Manor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Congregation_of_Mountaindale_Synagogue" title="Hebrew Congregation of Mountaindale Synagogue">Hebrew Congregation (Mountaindale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Family_Residence-Jewish_Center_of_Norwich" title="Eaton Family Residence-Jewish Center of Norwich">Jewish Center (Norwich)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(Plattsburgh,_New_York)" title="Temple Beth Israel (Plattsburgh, New York)">Beth Israel (Plattsburgh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kneses_Tifereth_Israel" title="Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel">Kneses Tifereth Israel (Port Chester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_B%27rith_Kodesh_(Rochester,_New_York)" title="Temple B'rith Kodesh (Rochester, New York)">B'rith Kodesh (Rochester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Tzedek" title="Temple Beth Tzedek">Temple Beth Tzedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Fallsburg_Hebrew_Association_Synagogue" title="South Fallsburg Hebrew Association Synagogue">South Fallsburg Hebrew Association {South Fallsburg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(Staten_Island,_New_York)" title="Temple Emanu-El (Staten Island, New York)">Emanu-El (Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshei_Glen_Wild_Synagogue" title="Anshei Glen Wild Synagogue">Anshei Glen Wild (Sullivan County)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikur_Cholim_B%27nai_Israel_Synagogue" title="Bikur Cholim B'nai Israel Synagogue">Bikur Cholim B'nai Israel (Swan Lake)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Society_of_Concord" title="Temple Society of Concord">Society of Concord (Syracuse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Berith_Sholom" title="Congregation Berith Sholom">Berith Sholom (Troy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Joseph_Synagogue" title="Beth Joseph Synagogue">Beth Joseph Synagogue (Tupper Lake)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Glen_Synagogue" title="Spring Glen Synagogue">Spring Glen Synagogue (Wawarsing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Heights_Synagogue" title="Ulster Heights Synagogue">Ulster Heights Synagogue (Wawarsing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Jewish_Chapel" title="West Point Jewish Chapel">West Point Jewish Chapel (West Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_Center" title="Temple Israel Center">Temple Israel (White Plains)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Israel_Synagogue_(Woodbourne,_New_York)" title="B'nai Israel Synagogue (Woodbourne, New York)">B'nai Israel (Woodbourne)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohave_Shalom_Synagogue_(Woodridge,_New_York)" title="Ohave Shalom Synagogue (Woodridge, New York)">Ohave Shalom (Woodridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park_Jewish_Center" title="Lincoln Park Jewish Center">Lincoln Park (Yonkers)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North Carolina</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Asheville,_North_Carolina)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Asheville, North Carolina)">Beth Israel (Asheville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Charlotte,_North_Carolina)" title="Temple Israel (Charlotte, North Carolina)">Temple Israel (Charlotte)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Kinston,_North_Carolina)" title="Temple Israel (Kinston, North Carolina)">Temple Israel (Kinston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Emanuel_(Statesville,_North_Carolina)" title="Congregation Emanuel (Statesville, North Carolina)">Emanuel (Statesville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Israel_(Wilmington,_North_Carolina)" title="Temple of Israel (Wilmington, North Carolina)">Temple of Israel (Wilmington)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North Dakota</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Israel_Synagogue_and_Montefiore_Cemetery" title="B'nai Israel Synagogue and Montefiore Cemetery">B'nai Israel (Grand Forks)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ohio</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Tifereth-Israel" title="Temple Tifereth-Israel">Tifereth-Israel (Beachwood)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Agudas_Achim_(Bexley,_Ohio)" title="Congregation Agudas Achim (Bexley, Ohio)">Agudas Achim (Bexley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_Manor_Synagogue" title="Golf Manor Synagogue">Golf Manor (Cincinnati)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockdale_Temple" title="Rockdale Temple">Rockdale (Cincinnati)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_M._Wise_Temple" title="Isaac M. Wise Temple">Wise Temple (Cincinnati)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshe_Chesed_Fairmount_Temple" title="Anshe Chesed Fairmount Temple">Anshe Chesed Fairmount (Cleveland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oheb_Zedek_Cedar_Sinai_Synagogue" title="Oheb Zedek Cedar Sinai Synagogue">Oheb Zedek Cedar Sinai (Cleveland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Synagogue" title="Park Synagogue">Park Synagogue (Cleveland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltz_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Maltz Performing Arts Center">Silver Sanctuary (Cleveland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Columbus,_Ohio)" title="Temple Israel (Columbus, Ohio)">Temple Israel (Columbus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Dayton,_Ohio)" title="Temple Israel (Dayton, Ohio)">Temple Israel (Dayton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Synagogue_(Hamilton,_Ohio)" title="Beth Israel Synagogue (Hamilton, Ohio)">Beth Israel (Hamilton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_(Toledo,_Ohio)" title="Congregation B'nai Israel (Toledo, Ohio)">B'nai Israel (Toledo)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_Oklahoma" title="List of synagogues in Oklahoma"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Oklahoma</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_B%27nai_Israel_(Oklahoma_City)" title="Temple B'nai Israel (Oklahoma City)">B'nai Israel (Oklahoma City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Tulsa,_Oklahoma)" title="Temple Israel (Tulsa, Oklahoma)">Temple Israel (Tulsa)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Oregon</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(Eugene,_Oregon)" title="Temple Beth Israel (Eugene, Oregon)">Beth Israel (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Portland, Oregon)">Beth Israel (Portland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Neveh_Shalom" title="Congregation Neveh Shalom">Neveh Shalom (Portland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shaarie_Torah" title="Congregation Shaarie Torah">Shaarie Torah (Portland)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Pennsylvania</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Philadelphia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Philadelphia</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Harambam_Congregation" title="Beit Harambam Congregation">Beit Harambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Zion-Beth_Israel" title="Temple Beth Zion-Beth Israel">Temple Beth Zion-Beth Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Congregation_B%27nai_Abraham" title="Historic Congregation B'nai Abraham">B'nai Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Frank_Memorial_Synagogue" title="Henry S. Frank Memorial Synagogue">Henry S. Frank Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_Jewish_Centre" title="Germantown Jewish Centre">Germantown Jewish Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Congregation_Keneseth_Israel_(Philadelphia)" title="Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel (Philadelphia)">Keneseth Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Mikveh_Israel" title="Congregation Mikveh Israel">Mikveh Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Rodeph_Shalom_(Philadelphia)" title="Congregation Rodeph Shalom (Philadelphia)">Rodeph Shalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shivtei_Yeshuron-Ezras_Israel" title="Congregation Shivtei Yeshuron-Ezras Israel">Shivtei Yeshuron-Ezras Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Hill_Synagogue" title="Society Hill Synagogue">Society Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Philadelphia_Shtiebel" title="South Philadelphia Shtiebel">South Philadelphia Shtiebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilna_Congregation" title="Vilna Congregation">Vilna Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YPC_Shari-Eli" title="YPC Shari-Eli">YPC Shari-Eli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(Altoona,_Pennsylvania)" title="Temple Beth Israel (Altoona, Pennsylvania)">Beth Israel (Altoona)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Congregation_of_Chester_County" title="Beth Israel Congregation of Chester County">Beth Israel (Chester County)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Shalom_(Easton,_Pennsylvania)" title="Congregation B'nai Shalom (Easton, Pennsylvania)">B'nai Shalom (Easton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Anshe_Hesed" title="Temple Anshe Hesed">Anshe Hesed (Erie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Sholom_Congregation_(Elkins_Park,_Pennsylvania)" title="Beth Sholom Congregation (Elkins Park, Pennsylvania)">Beth Shalom (Elkins Park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesher_Israel_Congregation_(Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania)" title="Kesher Israel Congregation (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)">Kesher Israel (Harrisburg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Ohev_Sholom_(Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania)" title="Temple Ohev Sholom (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)">Ohev Sholom (Harrisburg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Honesdale,_Pennsylvania)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Honesdale, Pennsylvania)">Beth Israel (Honesdale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Lebanon,_Pennsylvania)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Lebanon, Pennsylvania)">Beth Israel (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Or" title="Congregation Beth Or">Beth Or (Maple Glen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Adath_Israel_of_the_Main_Line" title="Temple Adath Israel of the Main Line">Adath Israel of the Main Line (Merion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Jacob_Synagogue_(Middletown,_Pennsylvania)" title="B'nai Jacob Synagogue (Middletown, Pennsylvania)">B'nai Jacob (Middletown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodef_Shalom_Congregation" title="Rodef Shalom Congregation">Rodef Shalom (Pittsburgh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life_%E2%80%93_Or_L%27Simcha_Congregation" title="Tree of Life – Or L'Simcha Congregation">Tree of Life – Or L'Simcha (Pittsburgh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesher_Zion" title="Kesher Zion">Kesher Zion (Reading)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Congregation_(Washington,_Pennsylvania)" title="Beth Israel Congregation (Washington, Pennsylvania)">Beth Israel (Washington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(York,_Pennsylvania)" title="Temple Beth Israel (York, Pennsylvania)">Beth Israel (York)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Rhode Island</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Touro_Synagogue" title="Touro Synagogue">Touro (Newport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth-El_(Providence,_Rhode_Island)" title="Temple Beth-El (Providence, Rhode Island)">Beth-El (Providence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Jacob_Synagogue" title="Sons of Jacob Synagogue">Sons of Jacob (Providence)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">South Carolina</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Congregation_(Beaufort,_South_Carolina)" title="Beth Israel Congregation (Beaufort, South Carolina)">Beth Israel (Beaufort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahal_Kadosh_Beth_Elohim" title="Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim">Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peace_Synagogue" title="House of Peace Synagogue">House of Peace (Columbia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Congregation_(Florence,_South_Carolina)" title="Beth Israel Congregation (Florence, South Carolina)">Beth Israel (Florence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Elohim_(Georgetown,_South_Carolina)" title="Temple Beth Elohim (Georgetown, South Carolina)">Beth Elohim (Georgetown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Kol_Ami_(Fort_Mill,_South_Carolina)" title="Temple Kol Ami (Fort Mill, South Carolina)">Kol Ami (Fort Mill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Sinai_(Sumter,_South_Carolina)" title="Temple Sinai (Sumter, South Carolina)">Sinai (Sumter)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Tennessee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Adas_Israel_(Brownsville,_Tennessee)" title="Temple Adas Israel (Brownsville, Tennessee)">Adas Israel (Brownsville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizpah_Congregation" title="Mizpah Congregation">Mizpah (Chattanooga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_(Jackson,_Tennessee)" title="Congregation B'nai Israel (Jackson, Tennessee)">B'nai Israel (Jackson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Hirsch_Synagogue" title="Baron Hirsch Synagogue">Baron Hirsch (Memphis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Memphis,_Tennessee)" title="Temple Israel (Memphis, Tennessee)">Israel (Memphis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ohabai_Sholom_(Nashville,_Tennessee)" title="Congregation Ohabai Sholom (Nashville, Tennessee)">Ohabai Sholom (Nashville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Sherith_Israel_(Nashville,_Tennessee)" title="Congregation Sherith Israel (Nashville, Tennessee)">Sherith Israel (Nashville)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Texas</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Agudas_Achim_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Congregation Agudas Achim (Austin, Texas)">Agudas Achim (Austin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Austin, Texas)">Beth Israel (Austin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanuel_(Beaumont,_Texas)" title="Temple Emanuel (Beaumont, Texas)">Emanuel (Beaumont)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Abraham_Synagogue_(Brenham,_Texas)" title="B'nai Abraham Synagogue (Brenham, Texas)">B'nai Abraham (Brenham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(Dallas)" title="Temple Emanu-El (Dallas)">Emanu-El (Dallas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Jacob_(Galveston,_Texas)" title="Congregation Beth Jacob (Galveston, Texas)">Beth Jacob (Galveston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27nai_Israel_(Galveston,_Texas)" title="Congregation B'nai Israel (Galveston, Texas)">B'nai Israel (Galveston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Houston)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Houston)">Beth Israel (Houston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Yeshurun_(Houston)" title="Congregation Beth Yeshurun (Houston)">Beth Yeshurun (Houston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Sinai_(Houston)" title="Temple Sinai (Houston)">Sinai (Houston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth-El_(San_Antonio)" title="Temple Beth-El (San Antonio)">Beth-El (San Antonio)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Utah</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_B%27rith_Sholem_Synagogue" title="Congregation B'rith Sholem Synagogue">B'rith Sholem (Ogden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kol_Ami_(Salt_Lake_City,_Utah)" title="Congregation Kol Ami (Salt Lake City, Utah)">Kol Ami (Salt Lake City)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Vermont</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohavi_Zedek" title="Ohavi Zedek">Ohavi Zedek (Burlington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Ohavi_Zedek_Synagogue" title="Old Ohavi Zedek Synagogue">Old Ohavi Zedek (Burlington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_Jewish_Center" title="Rutland Jewish Center">Rutland Jewish Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Virginia</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudas_Achim_Congregation_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Agudas Achim Congregation (Alexandria, Virginia)">Agudas Achim (Alexandria)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beth El (Alexandria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Charlottesville,_Virginia)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Charlottesville, Virginia)">Beth Israel (Charlottesville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Rodef_Shalom_(Falls_Church,_Virginia)" title="Temple Rodef Shalom (Falls Church, Virginia)">Rodef Shalom (Falls Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Sinai_(Newport_News,_Virginia)" title="Temple Sinai (Newport News, Virginia)">Sinai (Newport News)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Levy_Chapel" title="Commodore Levy Chapel">Commodore Levy Chapel (Norfolk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Ahabah" title="Congregation Beth Ahabah">Beth Ahabah (Richmond)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Kol_Emes_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Congregation Kol Emes (Richmond, Virginia)">Kol Emes (Richmond)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Synagogue_(Roanoke,_Virginia)" title="Beth Israel Synagogue (Roanoke, Virginia)">Beth Israel (Roanoke)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_Jewish_Center" title="Rutland Jewish Center">Adath Israel (Rutland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_House_of_Israel" title="Temple House of Israel">House of Israel (Staunton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_El_Congregation_(Winchester,_Virginia)" title="Beth El Congregation (Winchester, Virginia)">Beth El (Winchester)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_and_Jewish_congregations_in_Washington" title="List of synagogues and Jewish congregations in Washington"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Washington</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Bellingham,_Washington)" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Bellingham, Washington)">Beth Israel (Bellingham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikur_Cholim_Machzikay_Hadath" title="Bikur Cholim Machzikay Hadath">Bikur Cholim Machzikay Hadath (Seattle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ezra_Bessaroth" title="Congregation Ezra Bessaroth">Ezra Bessaroth (Seattle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavana_Cooperative" title="Kavana Cooperative">Kavana Cooperative (Seattle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bikur_Holim_Congregation" title="Sephardic Bikur Holim Congregation">Sephardic Bikur Holim (Seattle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_De_Hirsch_Sinai" title="Temple De Hirsch Sinai">De Hirsch Sinai (Seattle and Belleview)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">West Virginia</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohev_Sholom_Temple" title="Ohev Sholom Temple">Ohev Sholom (Huntington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Shalom_(Wheeling,_West_Virginia)" title="Temple Shalom (Wheeling, West Virginia)">Shalom (Wheeling)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_Wisconsin" title="List of synagogues in Wisconsin"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Wisconsin</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_El_(Madison,_Wisconsin)" title="Temple Beth El (Madison, Wisconsin)">Beth El (Madison)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_Ner_Tamid_(Milwaukee)" title="Congregation Beth Israel Ner Tamid (Milwaukee)">Beth Israel Ner Tamid (Milwaukee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Emanu-El_B%27ne_Jeshurun" title="Congregation Emanu-El B'ne Jeshurun">Emanu-El B'ne Jeshurun (River Hills)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Wyoming</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mt._Sinai_Synagogue" title="Mt. Sinai Synagogue">Mt Sinai (Cheyenne)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Territories</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Synagogue" title="St. Thomas Synagogue">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="List of the oldest synagogues in the United States"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Oldest U.S. synagogues</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; 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