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Rebuilding our relationships with each other, the planet and technology | UNESCO
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href="https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/" class="nav-link">Multimedia archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/archives" class="nav-link">Archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Courier</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/131897504@N08/albums" class="nav-link">Official Photo Gallery</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" class="nav-link">Basic Texts</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Databases and Statistics</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Core data portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-data" class="nav-link">key data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/safety-journalists/observatory" class="nav-link">Observatory of killed Journalists</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://uis.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Institute for Statistics</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.education-inequalities.org/" class="nav-link">World Inequality Database on Education</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/classroom" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO Classroom</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/campus" class="nav-link">UNESCO Campus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Shop</a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="vocabulary--websites"><span class="title nav-link">All UNESCO websites</span><div class="right"><input aria-label="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" class="dynamic-search" placeholder="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" type="search" /><div class="wrapper-websites"><div data-letter="B" data-nid="419205" id="taxonomy-term-419205" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/biennaleluanda/2021/en" title="Biennale of Luanda" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Biennale of Luanda</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="C" data-nid="426910" id="taxonomy-term-426910" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" title="Core Data Portal" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Core Data Portal</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Public access to information is a key component of UNESCO's commitment to transparency and its accountability.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="426556" id="taxonomy-term-426556" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en" title="Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Based on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the 2005 Convention ultimately provides <strong>a new framework for informed, transparent and </strong></p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="E" data-nid="423651" id="taxonomy-term-423651" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/interculturaldialogue/en" title="E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO’s e-Platform on intercultural dialogue is designed for organizations and individuals to learn from shared knowledge or experiences from infl</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="434693" id="taxonomy-term-434693" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">GEM-reports</div></div></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="423648" id="taxonomy-term-423648" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en" title="Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Established in 2002, the GEM Report is an editorially independent report, hosted and published by UNESCO.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="426122" id="taxonomy-term-426122" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/" title="Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="429335" id="taxonomy-term-429335" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC)</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434571" id="taxonomy-term-434571" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434394" id="taxonomy-term-434394" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Year of Glaciers</div></div></div><div data-letter="M" data-nid="419206" id="taxonomy-term-419206" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/mab/50anniversary/en" title="Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423647" id="taxonomy-term-423647" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/access-to-information/2021/en" title="Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>To recovery and beyond: The report takes stock of the global progress on the adoption and implementation of legal guarantees on Access to Info</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423806" id="taxonomy-term-423806" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en" title="Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Addressing culture as a global public good</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="419207" id="taxonomy-term-419207" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/science/2021/en" title="Science Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Science Report 2021</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="432195" id="taxonomy-term-432195" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Spotlight Children (GEM campaign)</div></div></div><div data-letter="T" data-nid="423658" id="taxonomy-term-423658" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" title="The UNESCO Courier" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">The UNESCO Courier</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For almost 75 years, <em>the UNESCO Courier</em> has served as a platform for international debates on issues that concern the entire pla</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428474" id="taxonomy-term-428474" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/safety-journalists/2022/en" title="UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="419208" id="taxonomy-term-419208" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.uil.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lifelong learning is key to overcoming global challenges and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="434368" id="taxonomy-term-434368" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)</div></div></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428475" id="taxonomy-term-428475" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.ibe.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Bureau of Education" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Bureau of Education</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="423652" id="taxonomy-term-423652" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.iiep.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="425968" id="taxonomy-term-425968" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="429336" id="taxonomy-term-429336" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iicba.unesco.org/en" title="UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="418330" id="taxonomy-term-418330" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org" title="UNESCO.org" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO.org</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Main UNESCO website</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="424690" id="taxonomy-term-424690" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" title="UNESDOC" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESDOC</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO Digital Library website.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="V" data-nid="434861" id="taxonomy-term-434861" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Virtual Science Museum</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419210" id="taxonomy-term-419210" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/" title="World Heritage Convention (WHC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Heritage Convention (WHC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423642" id="taxonomy-term-423642" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/world-media-trends/2021/en" title="World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433913" id="taxonomy-term-433913" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419204" id="taxonomy-term-419204" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2021/en" title="World Water Development Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Value of water</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423807" id="taxonomy-term-423807" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2022/en" title="World Water Development Report 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2022</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Groundwater, making the invisible visible</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433448" id="taxonomy-term-433448" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en" title="World Water Development Report 2023" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2023</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div> </nav></div></div></div><div class="dropdown block block-unesco-common block-unesco-commonlanguage-blocklanguage-interface col-lg-1 col-md-12" id="block-languageswitcher"><div data-block="header"><button class="btn btn-link btn-link-white dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">English</button><div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"><ul class="language-switcher-language-url"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/149850" 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</button></div><div class="sub-header"><div class="region region-sub-header row"><div class="site-name-wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-site-name" id="block-unescositename"> <a href="/en" data-block="sub_header"><p class="site-name js-site-name">UNESCO</p></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark col"><h5 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h5><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul data-region="sub_header" data-block="sub_header" class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-0"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Expertise">Expertise</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">We bring people and nations together through education, culture and science.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/brief">In brief </a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/our-expertise">Fields of expertise</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/education" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/343">Education</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/education" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=E-L8Amx4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=NDU1Mcnn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=DyPBy-9M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=E-L8Amx4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=NDU1Mcnn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=DyPBy-9M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=DyPBy-9M" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Education</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/348">Natural Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=vayDruKQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=mTL5vj-L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=Qb9qCxtV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=vayDruKQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=mTL5vj-L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=Qb9qCxtV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=Qb9qCxtV" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Natural Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/355">Social and Human Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=23MFaBf4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=Lbj-M5aq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=VP8k9teF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=23MFaBf4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=Lbj-M5aq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=VP8k9teF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=VP8k9teF" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Social and Human Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/culture" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Culture</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/culture" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=qeXpCAxZ" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Culture</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/370">Communication and Information</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=eJ-Ycr_I 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=qvo5lSJk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=DHEQ5doq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=eJ-Ycr_I 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=qvo5lSJk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=DHEQ5doq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=DHEQ5doq" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Communication and Information</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/ocean" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66813">Ocean</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/ocean" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=P_U8h-4H 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=7I-KYwOk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=iCaATAKz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=P_U8h-4H 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=7I-KYwOk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=iCaATAKz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=iCaATAKz" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Ocean</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/africa" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/378">Priority Africa</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/africa" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=wp3K69dY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=DeTGS2cv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=mrtF24gl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=wp3K69dY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=DeTGS2cv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mrtF24gl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mrtF24gl" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Africa</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/375">Priority Gender Equality</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/gender-equality" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=UIbtw61b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=avtgOocJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=1Y6RMwwt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=UIbtw61b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=avtgOocJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=1Y6RMwwt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=1Y6RMwwt" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Gender Equality</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Impact">Impact</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover UNESCO's impact around the world and the organisation's endeavour to build durable peace.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/en/brief/impact">Our impact</a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/en/strategic-objectives">Strategic objectives</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">International standards and legal texts</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=6HETkDAo 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=_EDMUIaO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=lN8YYxno 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=6HETkDAo 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=_EDMUIaO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=lN8YYxno 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=lN8YYxno" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">International standards and legal texts</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/conventionslist" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/132604">Cooperation tools</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/conventionslist" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=Q_racg_u 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=0cE-mSyk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=Z56D1J_p 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Q_racg_u 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=0cE-mSyk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Z56D1J_p 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Z56D1J_p" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Cooperation tools</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66210">Lists and designations</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=pHZnN1QM" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Lists and designations</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/laboratory-ideas" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/745">Laboratory of Ideas</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/laboratory-ideas" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=0eHBlU1c 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=YMguqask 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=r-z_Oi28 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source 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data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Publications">Publications</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO is the United Nations Laboratory of Ideas. Find the latest ideas, publications and reports.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ideas-data">Laboratory of Ideas</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/publications" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67076">Publications</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/publications" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=5Up0MwQu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source 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type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=2T63_phA" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Publications</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/key-data" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/969">Global reports </a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/key-data" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=JYOGg8DP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=bAE5iJ0S 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" 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1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=rEdWa-K5 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=2zjGq4fD 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=zuaF1nbk 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=zuaF1nbk" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">The UNESCO Courier</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">Digital library</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=f3umoST7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=ueseJVrF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=jgJ-TZX_ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=f3umoST7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=ueseJVrF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=jgJ-TZX_ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/png" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=jgJ-TZX_" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Digital library</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Watch and listen">Watch and listen</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover our audiovisual content, listen to our experts, and the great voices invited to UNESCO throughout history.</div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/studio" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1048">UNESCO studio</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/studio" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=Xgefsj7b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=0CYGVea0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source 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srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=yIP9nji4 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=L8M13av0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=wjigtYP9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=yIP9nji4 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=yIP9nji4" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span 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type="submit" id="ows-edit-submit" value="Search" /></div><div class="wrapper-quick-links"><span class="quick-links-text">Quick links:</span><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ukraine-war">UNESCO action in Ukraine</a><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/world-heritage">World Heritage</a></div></div><div class="results-sort-wrapper"></div></form></div><div class="unesco-messages-wrapper"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div></div><div id="block-unesco-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node--view-mode-full media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-idea" data-terms-tags="423968 421530" data-terms-univers="423968" data-letter="R" data-nid="149850"><div class="node__content"><div class="header-node-content"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-white"><span>Idea</span></p><h1 class="title article-title">Rebuilding our relationships with each other, the planet and technology</h1><div class="section-text field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">This article is based on a lecture by UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Education, Stefania Giannini, delivered at Paris’ Ecole normale supérieure on 25 April. 2024. It focuses rebuilding our relationships with the planet, technology and with others through a new social contract for education.</div><div class="content-date-wrapper"><div class="created-time"><span>10 June 2024</span></div><div class="updated-time"><span>Last update:</span><span>13 June 2024</span></div></div></div><div class="main-node-content"><div class="content-narrow"><div class="media-wrapper"><div class="media-image field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/article/2024-06/children%20with%20tablet.png.jpg.webp?itok=7f78WGoy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/article/2024-06/children%20with%20tablet.png.jpg.webp?itok=egUQULm4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="700" height="466"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/article/2024-06/children%20with%20tablet.png.jpg.webp?itok=Ep0FuobV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="218"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/article/2024-06/children%20with%20tablet.png.jpg?itok=7f78WGoy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/article/2024-06/children%20with%20tablet.png.jpg?itok=egUQULm4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="700" height="466"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/article/2024-06/children%20with%20tablet.png.jpg?itok=Ep0FuobV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="218"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/article/2024-06/children%20with%20tablet.png.jpg?itok=7f78WGoy" width="610" height="406" alt="children with tablet" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="media-footer"><div class="media-copyright">pixelfusion3d/iStock.com</div></div></div><aside class="content-summary summary-simple article"><div class="item-list"><h3>Summary</h3><ul><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/articles/rebuilding-our-relationships-each-other-planet-and-technology#a-world-on-fire" class="summary-link">A world on fire</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/articles/rebuilding-our-relationships-each-other-planet-and-technology#‘cathedral-thinking’" class="summary-link">‘Cathedral thinking’</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/articles/rebuilding-our-relationships-each-other-planet-and-technology#three-transitions" class="summary-link">Three transitions</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/articles/rebuilding-our-relationships-each-other-planet-and-technology#changing-course" class="summary-link">Changing course</a></li><li class="summary-item"><a href="/en/articles/rebuilding-our-relationships-each-other-planet-and-technology#making-‘mission-education’-possible-–-what-will-it-take" class="summary-link">Making ‘Mission Education’ possible – what will it take?</a></li></ul></div></aside><div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div id="a-world-on-fire" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>A world on fire</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In societies, we see signs of fracturing, division and polarization, especially a spike in violent conflict, from Afghanistan to Ukraine, from Sudan to Gaza, bringing us to the brink of world war. We see in the multilateral system a real polarization. And these geopolitical tensions have an impact on other aspects of our daily life, like American universities campuses, raising fundamental debates about academic freedom and leadership not being able to address it.</p><p>Floods, fires, and extreme heat have broken records in <a>nearly every</a> continent, and we expect they will be broken again and again in the years to come until we take action. Action is not only about energy policies. It’s about changing our mindsets.</p><p>Technology is reshaping every aspect of our lives, at an exponential rate of change. Devices designed to connect us—already happening between North and South, East and west—are creating new, deep divides and divisions. Of course, each of these three areas is interconnected.</p><p>Consider, for example, election disinformation on social media. What potential consequences for democracy might it have during this “super electoral year”, when 2.5 billion people worldwide will be eligible to vote? Or think about the complex interface between green and digital transitions. </p><p>We do not think enough about and the environmental impact of technology, such as the massive amounts of energy and water needed to cool data centers and to train ChatGPT, which is equivalent to a cooling tower of a nuclear reactor.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="‘cathedral-thinking’" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>‘Cathedral thinking’</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Against the backdrop, which is quite well-known, there is the risk of addressing new overwhelming challenges through old instruments, and consequently political and intellectual leadership seems to be paralyzed in the face of complexity. Such long-term projects escaping as much as possible the tyranny of the short-term decision-making that often plagues politics.</p><p>Instead, mission-oriented projects that defined “cathedral thinking” are marked by courage, dynamic competency, leadership, resilience and creativity. </p><p>That means the same approach that brought the common civil society to build these incredibly enormous, unprecedented monuments to express and make visible the greatness and beauty of God.</p><p>Today we have another purpose. We have to identify our cathedrals to build. My cathedral is to realize the Mission Education, to rethink it in a different way. Such projects embed equity, fairness and sustainability. How can we rebuild a world that is more peaceful, just and sustainable in 20, 30 years to come?</p><p>The horizon is no longer 2030, but going beyond, seeing where we are 30 years from now. Mission Education is about unlocking the transformative power of education through the learners of today to form the global citizens of tomorrow. Addressing complexity through a new lens, a new philosophical approach, from earliest elementary school throughout one’s life.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="three-transitions" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Three transitions</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Realizing the vision of Mission Education requires us to fundamentally transform education, through three key transitions.</p><p>First, from <em>exclusion and elitism </em>to<em> inclusion and equity</em>. This means making education, really, accessible to all. Last year marked the 75<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which guarantees, by definition, the right to education.</p><p>We must recognize that the global expansion of access to education has been remarkable. In 1948, only 45% of the world’s population (at that time 2.4 billion) had ever set foot in a school. Today, over 95% of the global population of almost 8 billion has attended school. This is the good news, let’s say.</p><p>However, despite this progress, access to quality education remains incomplete and, more importantly, inequitable. Recent UNESCO data show that 250 million children and youth are out of school globally. To achieve universal primary and secondary education, a child needs to be enrolled in school every 2 seconds between now and 2030. </p><p>Just to give you a sense of the magnitude of the challenge. 763 million adults still cannot read and write. What we call totally illiterate. In other words, they’re out of any participatory process. Two-thirds of them are women. Education should level the playing field, offering equal access and equal opportunity to all.</p><p>I’m sure you remember the very famous motto a former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan once said: “Education is the great equalizer of our time. It gives hope to the hopeless and creates chances for those without.”</p><p>I wish to quote, always, as French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu observed and reiterated, too often, education remains a privilege of the wealthy, reproducing social hierarchies and perpetuating inequities.</p><p>Unfortunately, we have evidence that nowhere is this clearer than in higher education, where we see deepening divides. It’s about marginalized and vulnerable groups still facing significant barriers in their right to accessing higher education. UNESCO data shows that gaps in enrolment rates at university level between the richest and the poorest can reach a gap of 60 percent.</p><p>In Europe, enrolment is about 74 percent. If we move to the sub-Saharan region, enrolment in higher education is about 14 percent. Refugees, unfortunately an increasing part of the world population, are another case. Only six percent of refugees have access to higher education today.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="changing-course" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Changing course</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">To change course, in a nutshell, we need to move from a practice of reforming to a culture of transforming the education system. Both as educators and as societies, we must fundamentally shift our perception of diversity towards radical inclusion. The second transition is to reimagine how education is taught, moving from competition to collaboration. From values of individualistic success, national competition, and limitless economic growth, to one of solidarity, which brings to inclusive growth.</p><p>Two areas in particular stick out where a culture of collaboration is very much more needed: this is the climate change field and the digital revolution. Education has been and remains a victim of climate change. Many young people and children are obliged to flee, who are deprived of their right to education. But it also an essential part of the solution.</p><p>Yet climate change education is often absent or insufficient in many countries, including European countries, with many teachers feeling unprepared to teacher it. To effectively tackle the climate emergency, we need to empower teachers and learners with the knowledge, the awareness, the skills, the shift of mindsets. No climate action can succeed without climate change education. Moving from competition to collaboration is also essential in our relationship with technology. </p><p>But what is the impact on education? Technologies like AI present many questions for the future of knowledge, education and learning, like the big questions that are still open:</p><ul><li>What skills and competencies are most relevant in this new AI world we are entering? </li><li>What will education look like in five years? In a generation from now?</li><li>How can we steer technology in a way that is not driving us, but that we steer by the principles of inclusion, equity, quality and accessibility?</li><li>How do we make sure the private sector is also part of this community?</li></ul><p>We need a human-centered vision of our relationship with technology, which is the approach UNESCO takes – we released, a few months ago, the first Guidance on Generative AI in Education and Research.</p><p>Moving towards open-source language models and public digital learning platforms, I see a big opportunity. We must start very early, from primary school. Without reimagining these vital relationships, current educational models, approaches, and practices cannot help us change course and transform the future. </p><p>That’s why, zooming out a little more broadly, education systems should not simply aim to adapt to technological, social changes and environmental changes, but rather shape them in more just and sustainable directions. It is in these values that education must urgently transform according to our vision and UNESCO’s lifelong learning perspective.</p><p>And finally, that takes me to the third transition, which is more complex and related to your work here, in the Department of Philosophy. Moving from a logic of control and certainty to one that embraces connection and complexity. </p><p>Traditional models of education, very much true in the humanities, emphasize problem-solving and finding for each problem the ‘right’ answer. What we need now, learners of today and citizens of tomorrow, is being able to ask the right questions. It’s about changing mindsets. To help people live as global citizens free of hate and intolerance, every person must be afforded access to quality education, in this new pattern, model, transformative approach.</p><p>This is the mission of UNESCO, which was born in the aftermath of the Second World War with a vision of peace laid out in the first article our Constitution: “Since wars begin in the minds of women and men, it is in the minds of women and men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.” Through the three pillars of education, science and culture. Education for peace is one of the topics today. It may sound naive. The soft side of the soft power. But soft power should be brought to hard places.</p><p>Last year, a new normative instrument was adopted by UNESCO’s 194 Member States: <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/global-citizenship-peace-education/recommendation?hub=87862">The UNESCO Recommendation on Education for Peace, Human Rights and Sustainable Development</a>. It provides educators, governments and civil society with a roadmap to implement these principles in a very concrete way.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="making-‘mission-education’-possible-–-what-will-it-take" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Making ‘Mission Education’ possible – what will it take?</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>How can we achieve this transformation, to make high-quality education and lifelong learning accessible to all? How to do we make “Mission Education” possible?</p><p>Education is a global common good. Like public health, it’s a fundamental right. We need a new social contract for education.</p><p>First, a new social contract for education requires shared vision, cooperation, and political will. Cooperation, trust, and support are needed at every level. Most importantly we need new cooperation between geopolitical blocs. </p><p>Second, to address this political will in budget. It sounds less inspiring as a point. Without the budget allocated to translate principles into policies and policies into concrete tools. We have a gap of almost $100 billion per year till 2030. The gap was the equivalent last year three weeks of military expenditure.</p><p>The impact you can have as researchers and faculty can be very important, especially during this year when the International Financial Architecture is under discussion and reform. President Macron convened a global summit for a new pact for multilateral financing. Education was not very much in this picture.</p><p>This is why UNESCO is now exploring, with other partners like the World Bank and IMF, ideas for innovative financing mechanisms like debt swaps<em> </em>for education. They are very common for climate change. It’s strange that no one thought of a “financing bond” in the Global South.</p><p>Third, addressing the root causes of poverty, exclusion and inequities in society, which goes beyond our mission itself, but we continue to extend this call for change, which is the inter-generational, daily, and lifelong project of all of us.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph-border -one-column paragraph paragraph--type--quick-link paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/futures-education"><div class="link-wrapper"><span class="arrow-primary"></span><span class="link-title">Futures of Education</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div><h3 class="share-title">Share</h3><div style="display: none"><link rel="preload" href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg" 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hreflang="en">Education</a></li><li><a href="/en/tags/educational-trends" class="tag tag-outline-grey" hreflang="en">Educational trends</a></li><li><a href="/en/search?f%5B0%5D=site_tags_hierarchy%3AQnkgdHlwZXM%3D%40%23%7C%23%40RGlzcGxheQ%3D%3D" class="tag tag-outline-grey">Topics: Display</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="related-wrapper"><div class="related-contents"><h3>More on this subject</h3><div class="wrapper-search-results row display-grid"><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--idea"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/stefania-giannini-technology-should-be-service-learners-not-other-way-around" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/stefania-giannini-technology-should-be-service-learners-not-other-way-around" title="Stefania Giannini: Technology should be at the service of learners, not the other way around" class="text-decoration-none 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