Differential Response of Human Embryonic Stem and Somatic Cells to Non-Cytotoxic Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure: An Attempt to Model In Vitro the Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Early Embryo

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="LxKxG2GBf1OceUk2b2JP0yMVLXKW7LeVT3DwGw4x3lD5nGjxLlQ7uU6UPYfzFusP"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="LxKxG2GBf1OceUk2b2JP0yMVLXKW7LeVT3DwGw4x3lD5nGjxLlQ7uU6UPYfzFusP"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="LxKxG2GBf1OceUk2b2JP0yMVLXKW7LeVT3DwGw4x3lD5nGjxLlQ7uU6UPYfzFusP"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="LxKxG2GBf1OceUk2b2JP0yMVLXKW7LeVT3DwGw4x3lD5nGjxLlQ7uU6UPYfzFusP"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="27774366"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item pmc dialog-focus" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/27774366/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=27774366&db=pubmed&nlmid=101586308" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="27774366" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/27774366/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/27774366/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="27774366" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F27774366%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="LxKxG2GBf1OceUk2b2JP0yMVLXKW7LeVT3DwGw4x3lD5nGjxLlQ7uU6UPYfzFusP"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a 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class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Cell & developmental biology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Cell & developmental biology" data-pinger-ignore> Cell Dev Biol </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Cell & developmental biology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cell+Dev+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cell+Dev+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Cell Dev Biol" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cell Dev Biol"> Search 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Model <i>In Vitro</i> the Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Early Embryo </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Barandalla+M&cauthor_id=27774366" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="M Barandalla">M Barandalla</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, via Porcellasco 7/f, 26100 Cremona, Italy." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Colleoni+S&cauthor_id=27774366" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S Colleoni">S Colleoni</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, via Porcellasco 7/f, 26100 Cremona, Italy." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lazzari+G&cauthor_id=27774366" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="G Lazzari">G Lazzari</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, via Porcellasco 7/f, 26100 Cremona, Italy." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" 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class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Cell Dev Biol<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2016 Aug</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/27774366/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" 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Porcellasco 7/f, 26100 Cremona, Italy." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Colleoni+S&cauthor_id=27774366" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S Colleoni">S Colleoni</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, via Porcellasco 7/f, 26100 Cremona, Italy." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lazzari+G&cauthor_id=27774366" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="G Lazzari">G Lazzari</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a 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value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) potentially offer a unique <i>in vitro</i> model to study how an adverse environment during the early developmental stages post-fertilization can affect the physiology of the undifferentiated embryonic stem cells existing in the early embryo and predispose to long term effects on the offspring, according to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept. A number of unfavourable conditions can affect the development of the early embryo inducing oxidative stress both <i>in vivo</i>, for instance in gestational diabetes and <i>in vitro</i>, when embryos are derived from Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Therefore, the aim of this study was the development of a novel <i>in vitro</i> model to analyse the effects of oxidative stress and the antioxidant response against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in embryonic stem cells in comparison with somatic cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. To this purpose we designed an <i>in vitro</i> protocol based on hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) treatment of 72 h, in order to better resemble the period of embryonic development from the early cleavages to the blastocyst stage. We demonstrate that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment induces the modification of crucial oxidative stress biomarkers like ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, and mobilizes several antioxidant enzymes through NFkβ translocation. Moreover we show differences between somatic and embryonic cells in their antioxidant response towards H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> induced damage. Therefore this study presents a promising <i>in vitro</i> model to investigate the effects of oxidative stress conditions on early human embryonic cells. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Gene expression; Human embryonic stem cells; Lipid peroxidation; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species. </p> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">Policy The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e16/5074058/bb021f182f70/nihms819438f1.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="495" data-image-height="667" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC5074058" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e16/5074058/9b4fa0ec2f7a/nihms819438f1.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="495"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="667"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> (A) Dose response curves following… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> (A) Dose response curves following hydrogen peroxide (H <sub> 2 </sub> O <sub> 2 </sub> ) exposure:… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>(A) Dose response curves following hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) exposure:</b> Hs27 and HUVEC were plated at 60.000 cells/ml, HUES3 and HUES7 cells at 80.000 cells/ml and then were exposed to increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 72 h and cell viability was determined by alamarBlue<sup>®</sup> reagent. <i>Blue dotted square</i> highlights non-cytotoxic range for Hs27 and HUES cells; <i>solid red square</i> highlights non-cytotoxic range for HUVEC cells. Data (means ± SEM, 3 samples per H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> experimental condition, 3 separate replicates) are expressed as percentages of cell viability relative to the respective CTR, untreated control cells. <b>(B) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment:</b> Hs27, HUVEC and HUES7 cells were plated at 10.000 cells/ml and HUES3 cells at 20.000 cells/ml and then were exposed to increasing concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for 72 h. Then intracellular ROS production was evaluated using CM-DCFDA, a membrane permeable non-fluorescent reagent that is converted into fluorescent DCF in the presence of ROS, and fluorescence was measured at 30 min. Cell viability was determined by the alamarBlue<sup>®</sup> reagent. Data (means ± SEM, 3 samples per H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> experimental condition, 3 separate replicates) are expressed as percentages of fluorescence increase relative to the respective CTR, untreated control cells. * Indicates statistically significant differences of non-treated cells compared to the treatment, two-tailed t-Test P ≤ 0.05. <b>(C) Lipid peroxidation generation by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment:</b> Hs27, HUVEC, HUES3 and HUES7 cells were plated at 20.000 cells/ml and then exposed to increasing concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for 72 h. Then intracellular lipid peroxidation levels were measured with BODIPY reagent a membrane permeable non-fluorescent reagent that is converted into fluorescent DCF in the presence of ROS, fluorescence from live cells shifts from red to green, providing a radiometric indication at 30 min. Cell viability was determined by the alamarBlue<sup>®</sup> reagent. Viability curves are slightly different between ROS and lipid peroxidation analysis depending on the plate cell concentrations. Data (means ± SEM, 3 samples per H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> experimental condition, 3 separate replicates) are expressed as percentages of fluorescence increase relative to the respective CTR, untreated control cells. * Indicates statistically significant differences of non-treated cells compared to the treatment, two-tailed t-Test P ≤ 0.05</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e16/5074058/1402806fcb56/nihms819438f2.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="600" data-image-height="443" data-image-alt="Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC5074058" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e16/5074058/2638107e9c87/nihms819438f2.gif" alt="Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="443"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. NFkβ translocation comparison between non-treated… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. NFkβ translocation comparison between non-treated and H <sub> 2 </sub> O <sub> 2 </sub> treated both somatic… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2. NFkβ translocation comparison between non-treated and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treated both somatic and embryonic stem cells </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">24 h post plating cells were treated for 2 hours with increasing concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, then were fix and immunofluorescence staining was performed with an anti-NFkβ (green) and an anti-tubulin (red) antibody and Hoechst 33342 (blue) was used for nuclei localization. To create this figure has been chosen representative pictures from non-treated and treated cells, selecting the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration in which was observed the maximum effect in terms of NFkβ translocation. Representative pictures from A to H panels show the merged images of anti-tubulin and Hoechst staining, and from a to h panels show anti- NFkβ staining. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> conditions: <b>(A, a</b>) Hs27 non-treated cells, <b>(B, b)</b> Hs27 – 64 μM; <b>(C, c)</b> HUVEC non-treated cells, (<b>D, d)</b> HUVEC 64 μM; <b>(E, e)</b> HUES3 non-treated cells, <b>(F, f)</b> HUES3 – 64 μM; <b>(G, g)</b> HUES7 – non-treated cells, <b>(H, h)</b> HUES7 – 32 μM. Scale bars=100 μm</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e16/5074058/b25f1930fb32/nihms819438f3.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="501" data-image-height="660" data-image-alt="Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC5074058" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e16/5074058/4afc40d03c6a/nihms819438f3.gif" alt="Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="501"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="660"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Gene expression in somatic cell… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Gene expression in somatic cell treated with hydrogen peroxide (H <sub> 2 </sub> O <sub> 2… </sub> </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3. Gene expression in somatic cell treated with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>): ARE genes and cell damage-related genes </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Relative gene expression between control and 72 h H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment. A–I: Hs27 cells: CTR, untreated control cells, 4 μM, 8 μM, 16 μM and 32 μM. J–R: HUVEC cells: CTR, untreated control cells, 8 μM, 16 μM, 32 μM and 64 μM. Genes: <b>(A)</b> Glutathione peroxidase 1, <b>(B)</b> Hemeoxygenase, <b>(C)</b> Catalase, <b>(D)</b> Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, <b>(E)</b> Erythroid-derived 2-like 2, <b>(F)</b> Mammalian target of rapamycin, <b>(G)</b> Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1, <b>(H)</b> Sulfiredoxin 1, <b>(I)</b> Peroxiredoxin 2. <b>(J)</b> Glutathione peroxidase 1, <b>(K)</b> Catalase, <b>(L)</b> Tumour suppressor protein p53, <b>(M)</b> Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, <b>(O)</b> Glutathione Synthetase, <b>(P)</b> Glutathione peroxidase 3, <b>(Q)</b> Protein kinase D1 serine/threonine kinase, <b>(R)</b> Peroxiredoxin 2. Samples were normalized on the untreated control. Only genes having differential expression in one or more H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations tested are shown for each cell line. *Indicates statistically significant differences of non-treated cells compared to each treatment, two tailed t-Test P ≤ 0.05</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="figure-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e16/5074058/0fe40ab2af14/nihms819438f4.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="600" data-image-height="528" data-image-alt="Figure 4" data-pmc-id="PMC5074058" data-figure-id="F4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e16/5074058/b4e4dd6470d9/nihms819438f4.gif" alt="Figure 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="528"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4. Gene expression in hESC treated… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4. Gene expression in hESC treated with hydrogen peroxide (H <sub> 2 </sub> O <sub> 2 </sub> ):… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 4. Gene expression in hESC treated with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>): ARE genes and cell damage-related genes </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Dark grey columns represent HUES3 cells and black columns represent HUES7 cells. Relative gene expression between CTR, untreated control cells and 4 μM, 8 μM and 16 μM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> conditions of 72 h treatment. Genes: <b>(A</b>) Glutathione peroxidase 1, <b>(B)</b> Hemeoxygenase, <b>(C)</b> Catalase, <b>(D)</b> Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, <b>(E)</b> Superoxide dismutase, <b>(F)</b> Glutathione Synthetase, <b>(G)</b> Glutathione peroxidase 3, <b>(H)</b> Protein kinase D1 serine/threonine kinase, <b>(I)</b> Peroxiredoxin 2. Samples were normalized on the untreated hESCs control. <b>(J–L)</b>: Gene expressions of pluripotency genes (OCT4, NANOG and SOX2). Only genes having differential expression in one or more H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations tested are shown for each cell line. *Indicates statistically significant differences of non-treated cells compared to each treatment, two tailed t-Test P ≤ 0.05</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/29104727/" ref="article_id=29104727&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="29104727" data-ga-label=""> Comparative Analysis of AGE and RAGE Levels in Human Somatic and Embryonic Stem Cells under H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Induced Noncytotoxic Oxidative Stress Conditions. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Barandalla M, Haucke E, Fischer B, Navarrete Santos A, Colleoni S, Galli C, Navarrete Santos A, Lazzari G.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Barandalla M, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:4240136. doi: 10.1155/2017/4240136. 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Differential Response of Human Embryonic Stem and Somatic Cells to Non-Cytotoxic Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure: An Attempt to Model In Vitro the Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Early Embryo - PubMed