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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Egenskaber</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Egenskaber-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Egenskaber</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Egenskaber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allotroper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allotroper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Allotroper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allotroper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forekomst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forekomst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Forekomst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forekomst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotoper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotoper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Isotoper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotoper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dannelse_i_stjerner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dannelse_i_stjerner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Dannelse i stjerner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dannelse_i_stjerner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carboncyklus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carboncyklus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Carboncyklus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carboncyklus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forbindelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forbindelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Forbindelser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Forbindelser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Forbindelser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Forbindelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organiske_forbindelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organiske_forbindelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Organiske forbindelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organiske_forbindelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uorganiske_forbindelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uorganiske_forbindelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Uorganiske forbindelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uorganiske_forbindelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organometalliske_forbindelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organometalliske_forbindelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Organometalliske forbindelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organometalliske_forbindelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie_og_etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie_og_etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historie og etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie_og_etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produktion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produktion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Produktion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produktion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Produktion</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Produktion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grafit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Grafit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diamant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diamant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Diamant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diamant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anvendelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anvendelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Anvendelse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anvendelse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Anvendelse</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anvendelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diamant_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diamant_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Diamant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diamant_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forholdsregler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forholdsregler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Forholdsregler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forholdsregler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fodnoter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fodnoter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Fodnoter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fodnoter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 204 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-204" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">204 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff – schweizertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ካርቦን – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካርቦን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كربون – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="কাৰ্বন – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাৰ্বন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="کربون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کربون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%C4%97" title="Onglė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вуглярод – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вуглярод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вуглярод – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуглярод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Въглерод – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въглерод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဗွန် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကာဗွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="কার্বন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্বন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="སོལ་རྗས། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སོལ་རྗས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugljik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Нүүрһэнтүрэгшэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нүүрһэнтүрэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ng" title="Táng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Táng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%94_%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%85_%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A8" title="ᎤᎦᏔ ᏅᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ ᏬᏗᎨ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᎦᏔ ᏅᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ ᏬᏗᎨ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86" title="کاربۆن – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاربۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniu" title="Carboniu – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Carboniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uhlík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88" title="Кăмрăкамăш – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăмрăкамăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuglik" title="Wuglik – nedersorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wuglik" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="nedersorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άνθρακας – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνθρακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCsinik" title="Süsinik – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süsinik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbono" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کربن – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiili" title="Hiili – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiili" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolevni" title="Kolevni – færøsk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kolevni" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carbone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboon_(element)" title="Karboon (element) – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Karboon (element)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni – friulisk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koalstof" title="Koalstof – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koalstof" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n" title="Carbón – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carbón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – gan-kinesisk" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonn" title="Karbonn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Karbonn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualan" title="Gualan – skotsk gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gualan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatap%E1%BB%B9i" title="Tatapỹi – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatapỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%A8" title="કાર્બન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાર્બન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboan" title="Carboan – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Carboan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Than" title="Than – hakka-kinesisk" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Than" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalepona" title="Kalepona – hawaiiansk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kalepona" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="פחמן – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koila" title="Koila – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Koila" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhlik" title="Wuhlik – øvresorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wuhlik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="øvresorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kab%C3%B2n" title="Kabòn – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kabòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9n" title="Szén – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ածխածին – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Բնածուխ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բնածուխ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbo" title="Karbo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolefni" title="Kolefni – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kolefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="炭素 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaban" title="Kaaban – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kaaban" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tabno" title="tabno – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tabno" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირბადი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aka%E1%B9%9Bbun" title="Akaṛbun – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Akaṛbun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C9%A9b%C9%94n%C9%A9" title="Karɩbɔnɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Karɩbɔnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Көміртегі – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көміртегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2" title="ಇಂಗಾಲ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಗಾಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Шомувтыр – komi-permjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Шомувтыр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шомчужысь – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шомчужысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – cornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Көмүртек – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көмүртек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonium" title="Carbonium – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbonium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuelestoff" title="Kuelestoff – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuelestoff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonie" title="Carbonie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Carbonie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ຄາບອນ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາບອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglis" title="Anglis – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogleklis" title="Ogleklis – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogleklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Седель – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Седель" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karb%C3%B4nina" title="Karbônina – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karbônina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B1%D0%B9%D0%B4%D3%B1%D2%A5" title="Шӱйдӱҥ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шӱйдӱҥ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waro" title="Waro – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Waro" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглерод" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA" title="കാർബൺ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർബൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Нүүрстөрөгч – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нүүрстөрөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonju" title="Karbonju – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Karbonju" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဗွန် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဗွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Седь – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Седь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecolli" title="Tecolli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tecolli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – nepalesisk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbo" title="Karbo – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Karbo" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1%C3%A1bin" title="Káábin – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Káábin" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carbòni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilisuadu" title="Hiilisuadu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hiilisuadu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboonii" title="Kaarboonii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaarboonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95" title="ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Æвзалыгуыр – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвзалыгуыр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕਾਰਬਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਬਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बोन – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कार्बोन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek) – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Carbòni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاربون – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاربون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27illimsayaq" title="K'illimsayaq – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'illimsayaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu – arumænsk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карбон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Карбон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Харыалык – jakutisk" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харыалык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2niu" title="Carbòniu – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Carbòniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2niu" title="Carbòniu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carbòniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caurbon" title="Caurbon – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caurbon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڪاربان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاربان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="කාබන් – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාබන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uhlík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljik" title="Ogljik – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ci%C4%91%C4%91%C3%A2" title="Čiđđâ – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Čiđđâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabhoni" title="Kabhoni – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kabhoni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboon" title="Kaarboon – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kaarboon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboni" title="Karboni – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karboni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Угљеник – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљеник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolestof" title="Koolestof – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Koolestof" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol" title="Kol – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கரிமம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్బన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карбон – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карбон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="คาร์บอน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์บอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون – uygurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uygurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вуглець – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вуглець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uglerod" title="Uglerod – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uglerod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hil%27nik" title="Hil'nik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hil'nik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbong" title="Carbong – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Carbong" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbin" title="Karbin – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Karbin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Carbone" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-carbon" title="I-carbon – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-carbon" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A3" title="קוילנשטאף – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קוילנשטאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rb%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%B9" title="Kárbọ̀nù – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kárbọ̀nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danq" title="Danq – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Danq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵥⵓⵥⵉⵎ – tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵥⵓⵥⵉⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B2a%E2%81%BF-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Thòaⁿ-sò͘ – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thòaⁿ-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmCalahle" title="UmCalahle – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmCalahle" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q623#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Carbon" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carbon"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carbon"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Carbon" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Carbon" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&oldid=11907918" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Carbon&id=11907918&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCarbon"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCarbon"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Carbon"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Carbon&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carbon" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q623" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lovende_artikler" title="Dette er en Lovende artikel. Klik her for mere information."><img alt="Lovende artikel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/15px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/22px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/29px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11833479">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#AED1DB;">Carbon</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/250px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/500px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="562" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sort (<a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, tv.)<br />Farveløst (<a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, th.)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;"><a href="/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system">Periodiske system</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><center> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brint" title="Brint"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 1: Hydrogen (H), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="30"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 2: Helium (He), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 4: Beryllium (Be), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="24"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(grundstof)" title="Bor (grundstof)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 5: Bor (B), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 6: Carbon (C), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A6lstof" title="Kvælstof"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 7: Nitrogen (N), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ilt" title="Ilt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 8: Oxygen (O), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 10: Neon (Ne), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 12: Magnesium (Mg), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="24"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 13: Aluminium (Al), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 14: Silicium (Si), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 15: Phosphor (P), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Svovl" title="Svovl"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 16: Svovl (S), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 18: Argon (Ar), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 20: Calcium (Ca), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 21: Scandium (Sc), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="14"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(grundstof)" title="Titan (grundstof)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 22: Titan (Ti), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 23: Vanadium (V), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 24: Chrom (Cr), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 25: Mangan (Mn), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 26: Jern (Fe), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 27: Cobalt (Co), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 28: Nikkel (Ni), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 29: Kobber (Cu), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 30: Zink (Zn), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 31: Gallium (Ga), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 32: Germanium (Ge), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 33: Arsen (As), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 34: Selen (Se), Ikke-metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 36: Krypton (Kr), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 38: Strontium (Sr), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 39: Yttrium (Y), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0" colspan="14"> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 40: Zirconium (Zr), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 41: Niobium (Nb), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A6n" title="Molybdæn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 42: Molybdæn (Mo), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 43: Technetium (Tc), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 45: Rhodium (Rh), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 46: Palladium (Pd), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 47: Sølv (Ag), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 48: Cadmium (Cd), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 49: Indium (In), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 50: Tin (Sn), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 51: Antimon (Sb), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 52: Tellur (Te), Halvmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 53: Iod (I), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 54: Xenon (Xe), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6sium" title="Cæsium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 55: Cæsium (Cs), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 56: Barium (Ba), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 57: Lanthan (La), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 58: Cerium (Ce), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 72: Hafnium (Hf), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 73: Tantal (Ta), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 74: Wolfram (W), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 75: Rhenium (Re), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 76: Osmium (Os), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 77: Iridium (Ir), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 78: Platin (Pt), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Guld" title="Guld"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 79: Guld (Au), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kviks%C3%B8lv" title="Kviksølv"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 80: Kviksølv (Hg), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 81: Thallium (Tl), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 82: Bly (Pb), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 83: Bismuth (Bi), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 84: Polonium (Po), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 85: Astat (At), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 86: Radon (Rn), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 88: Radium (Ra), Jordalkalimetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 89: Actinium (Ac), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 90: Thorium (Th), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 92: Uran (U), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 95: Americium (Am), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 96: Curium (Cm), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 98: Californium (Cf), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 102: Nobelium (No), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 105: Dubnium (Db), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 107: Bohrium (Bh), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 108: Hassium (Hs), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 109: Meitnerium (Mt), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenium" title="Røntgenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 111: Røntgenium (Rg), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 112: Copernicium (Cn), Overgangsmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 113: Nihonium (Nh), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 114: Flerovium (Fl), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 115: Moscovium (Mc), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 116: Livermorium (Lv), Metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tennessin" title="Tennessin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 117: Tennessin (Ts)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td style="padding:0"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:9px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Grundstof 118: Oganesson (Og), Ædelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></center></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;">Generelt</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomtegn" title="Atomtegn">Atomtegn</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">Atomnummer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfiguration" title="Elektronkonfiguration">Elektronkonfiguration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2, 4 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Elektronskal_6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elektroner i hver skal: 2, 4. Klik for større billede."><img alt="Elektroner i hver skal: 2, 4. Klik for større billede." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Elektronskal_6.svg/20px-Elektronskal_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Elektronskal_6.svg/30px-Elektronskal_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Elektronskal_6.svg/40px-Elektronskal_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gruppe_(periodiske_system)" title="Gruppe (periodiske system)">Gruppe</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 (Ikkemetal)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(periodiske_system)" title="Periode (periodiske system)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(periodiske_system)" title="Blok (periodiske system)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data">p</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS-nummer" title="CAS-nummer">CAS-nummer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-44-0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Carbon">Carbon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/E-nummer" title="E-nummer">E-nummer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">E153 (<a href="/wiki/Carbon_black" title="Carbon black">carbon black</a>) <br /> E290 (<a href="/wiki/Kuldioxid" title="Kuldioxid">carbondioxid</a>) <br /> E170, E500-E504 (div. <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbonat">karbonater</a>) <br /> E242 (<a href="/wiki/Dimetyldikarbonat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimetyldikarbonat">dimetyldikarbonat</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;">Atomare egenskaber</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,0107(8)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kovalent_radius" title="Kovalent radius">Kovalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">77 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals-radius" title="Van der Waals-radius">Van der Waals-radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">170 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfiguration" title="Elektronkonfiguration">Elektronkonfiguration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1s² 2s² 2p²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elektroner i hver skal</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;"><a href="/wiki/Kemisk_egenskab" title="Kemisk egenskab">Kemiske egenskaber</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oxidationstrin" title="Oxidationstrin">Oxidationstrin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>4</b>, 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet">Elektronegativitet</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,55 (Paulings skala)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;"><a href="/wiki/Fysisk_egenskab" title="Fysisk egenskab">Fysiske egenskaber</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tilstandsform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilstandsform">Tilstandsform</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Fast stof</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Krystalstruktur" title="Krystalstruktur">Krystalstruktur</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hexagonal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Massefylde" title="Massefylde">Massefylde</a> (fast stof)</th><td class="infobox-data">2,267 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for grafit<br />3,513 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for diamant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Smeltepunkt" title="Smeltepunkt">Smeltepunkt</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Intet</i> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kogepunkt" title="Kogepunkt">Kogepunkt</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(subl.) 3727 °C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Varmefylde" class="mw-redirect" title="Varmefylde">Varmefylde</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,517 Jmol<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>-1</sup> for grafit<br />6,115 Jmol<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>-1</sup> for diamant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Varmeledningsevne" class="mw-redirect" title="Varmeledningsevne">Varmeledningsevne</a></th><td class="infobox-data">119–165 Wm<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>-1</sup> for grafit<br />900–2320 Wm<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>-1</sup> for diamant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetiske_egenskaber" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetiske egenskaber">Magnetiske egenskaber</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetisme" title="Diamagnetisme">Diamagnetisk</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#AED1DB;">Mekaniske egenskaber</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Youngs_modul" title="Youngs modul">Youngs modul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1050 GPa <small>(<a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Forskydningsmodul" title="Forskydningsmodul">Forskydningsmodul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">478 GPa <small>(diamant)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kompressibilitetsmodul" title="Kompressibilitetsmodul">Kompressibilitetsmodul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">442 GPa <small>(diamant)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Poissons_forhold" title="Poissons forhold">Poissons forhold</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0,1 <small>(diamant)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5rdhed_(metal)" title="Hårdhed (metal)">Hårdhed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mohs%27_skala" title="Mohs' skala">Mohs' skala</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">(grafit) 1–2<br />(diamant) 10,0</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11746895">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Infoboks_grundstof" title="Skabelon:Infoboks grundstof"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/wiki/Skabelondiskussion:Infoboks_grundstof" title="Skabelondiskussion:Infoboks grundstof"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Infoboks_grundstof" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Infoboks grundstof"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/20px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/40px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><i> For alternative betydninger, se <a href="/wiki/Carbon_(flertydig)" class="mw-disambig" title="Carbon (flertydig)">Carbon (flertydig)</a>.</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Speciel:Pr%C3%A6fiksindeks/Carbon" title="Speciel:Præfiksindeks/Carbon">Se også artikler, som begynder med Carbon</a>)</small></dd></dl> <p><b>Carbon</b> (fra <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>: <i>carbo</i> "kul"),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>kulstof</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller <b>karbon</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er et <a href="/wiki/Grundstof" title="Grundstof">grundstof</a> med <a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">atomnummer</a> 6 i <a href="/wiki/Det_periodiske_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Det periodiske system">det periodiske system</a> med symbolet <b>C</b>. I det <a href="/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system">periodiske system</a> er carbon det første (i række 2) af seks grundstoffer i <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_(periodiske_system)" title="Gruppe (periodiske system)">gruppe</a> 14, som har sammensætningen af deres ydre elektronskal til fælles. Det er <a href="/wiki/Ikkemetal" title="Ikkemetal">ikke-metallisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tetravalens" title="Tetravalens">tetravalent</a> — hvilket vil sige, at det gør fire <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroner</a> tilgængelige til at danne <a href="/wiki/Kovalent_binding" title="Kovalent binding">kovalente</a> kemiske bindinger. Tre <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a> findes naturligt: <a href="/wiki/Carbon-12" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon-12"><sup>12</sup>C</a> og <a href="/wiki/Carbon-13" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon-13"><sup>13</sup>C</a> er stabile, mens <a href="/wiki/Carbon-14" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon-14"><sup>14</sup>C</a> er <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktiv">radioaktiv</a> med en <a href="/wiki/Halveringstid" title="Halveringstid">halveringstid</a> på omkring 5.730 år.<sup id="cite_ref-isotopes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isotopes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbon er et af meget få grundstoffer, der har været kendt siden oldtiden.<sup id="cite_ref-D2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon er det femtende mest forekommende grundstof i <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">Jordens</a> skorpe og det fjerde mest forekommende grundstof i universet (sorteret efter masse) efter <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> og <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>. Den enorme mængde carbon, dets unikke mangfoldighed af <a href="/wiki/Organisk_forbindelse" title="Organisk forbindelse">organiske forbindelser</a> og dets usædvanlige evne til at danne <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymerer</a> ved temperaturer, der normalt ses på Jorden, gør, at dette grundstof indgår i alle kendte livsformer. Det er det næstmest forekommende grundstof i menneskekroppen (omkring 18,5%) efter oxygen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbons atomer kan bindes sammen på forskellige måder, der betegnes <a href="/wiki/Allotropi" title="Allotropi">dets allotroper</a>. De bedst kendte er <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> og <a href="/wiki/Amorf" title="Amorf">amorf</a> carbon.<sup id="cite_ref-therm_prop_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-therm_prop-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbons <a href="/wiki/Fysisk_egenskab" title="Fysisk egenskab">fysiske egenskaber</a> kan variere voldsomt, afhængig af dets allotropiske form. For eksempel er grafit <a href="/wiki/Opacitet" title="Opacitet">opak</a> og sort, mens diamant er meget <a href="/wiki/Transparens_(optik)" title="Transparens (optik)">transparent</a>. Grafit er blødt nok til at kunne danne en stribe på papir (heraf dets navn, fra det græske verbum "γράφειν" som betyder "at skrive"), mens diamant er det hårdest naturligt forekommende materiale der kendes. Grafit er en god <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_leder" title="Elektrisk leder">elektrisk leder</a>, hvorimod diamant har lav <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_resistivitet" title="Elektrisk resistivitet">elektrisk ledningsevne</a>. Under normale forhold har diamant, <a href="/wiki/Kulstof-nanor%C3%B8r" title="Kulstof-nanorør">carbonnanorør</a> og <a href="/wiki/Grafen" title="Grafen">grafen</a> den højeste <a href="/wiki/Specifik_varmeledningsevne" title="Specifik varmeledningsevne">specifikke varmeledningsevne</a> ud af alle kendte materialer. Alle carbon-allotroper har <a href="/wiki/Fast_form" title="Fast form">fast form</a> under normale forhold, med grafit som den mest <a href="/wiki/Termodynamisk_ligev%C3%A6gt" title="Termodynamisk ligevægt">termodynamisk stabile</a> form. De er kemisk resistente og kræver høje temperaturer for at kunne reagere med selv oxygen. </p><p>Carbons mest almindelige <a href="/wiki/Oxidationstrin" title="Oxidationstrin">oxidationstrin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Uorganisk_forbindelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Uorganisk forbindelse">uorganiske forbindelser</a> er +4, omend +2 findes i <a href="/wiki/Kulilte" title="Kulilte">carbonmonoxid</a> og <a href="/wiki/Overgangsmetal" title="Overgangsmetal">overgangsmetal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Carbonyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonyl">carbonylkomplekser</a>. Den største kilde til uorganisk carbon er <a href="/wiki/Kalksten" title="Kalksten">kalksten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(mineral)" title="Dolomit (mineral)">dolomit</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kuldioxid" title="Kuldioxid">carbondioxid</a>, men der findes også betragtelige mængder i organiske depoter af <a href="/wiki/Kul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kul">kul</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8rv" title="Tørv">tørv</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5olie" title="Råolie">olie</a> og <a href="/wiki/Metanhydrat" title="Metanhydrat">metanhydrater</a>. Carbon danner en lang række <a href="/wiki/Kemisk_forbindelse" title="Kemisk forbindelse">forbindelser</a>, hvoraf der er blevet identificeret næsten ti millioner forbindelser til dato<sup id="cite_ref-lanl_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, flere end noget andet grundstof, og dette tal er blot en fraktion af det teoretisk mulige antal forbindelser under normale forhold. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egenskaber">Egenskaber</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Egenskaber" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Egenskaber"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Carbon_basic_phase_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Carbon_basic_phase_diagram.png/220px-Carbon_basic_phase_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Carbon_basic_phase_diagram.png/330px-Carbon_basic_phase_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Carbon_basic_phase_diagram.png/440px-Carbon_basic_phase_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Teoretisk forudsagt fasediagram for carbon</figcaption></figure> <p>Blandt carbons <a href="/wiki/Allotropi" title="Allotropi">allotroper</a> er <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, en af de blødeste kendte substanser, og <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, den hårdeste naturligt forekommende substans på kloden. Det <a href="/wiki/Kemisk_binding" title="Kemisk binding">binder</a> nemt med andre, mindre <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomer</a> og andre carbonatomer, og er i stand til at danne flere stabile <a href="/wiki/Kovalent_binding" title="Kovalent binding">kovalente bindinger</a> med disse. Carbon vides at kunne danne næsten ti millioner forskellige forbindelser, hvoraf et stort flertal er <a href="/wiki/Kemisk_forbindelse" title="Kemisk forbindelse">kemiskej</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lanl_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbon er også det grundstof, der har det højeste <a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(faseovergang)" title="Sublimation (faseovergang)">sublimationspunkt</a>. Ved <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6risk_tryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfærisk tryk">atmosfærisk tryk</a> har det intet smeltepunkt, da dets <a href="/wiki/Tripelpunkt" title="Tripelpunkt">tripelpunkt</a> er ved 10,8 ± 0,2 MPa og 4.600 ± 300 K (~4.330 °C eller 7.820 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-triple2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triple2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-triple3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triple3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> så det sublimerer ved omkring 3.900 K.<sup id="cite_ref-triple_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triple-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon sublimerer i en carbonbue, som har en temperatur på omkring 5.800 K (5.530 °C; 9.980 °F). Derfor forbliver carbon i fast form ved højere temperaturer end selv de metaller med højest smeltepunkt, såsom <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram</a> og <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> - uanset dets allotropiske form. Selvom det har en termodynamisk tendens til <a href="/wiki/Redoxreaktion" title="Redoxreaktion">oxidering</a>, modstår carbon oxidering mere effektivt end grundstoffer såsom <a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">jern</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">kobber</a>, som er svagere reduktionsmidler ved rumtemperatur. </p><p>Carbonforbindelser danner basis for alt kendt liv på <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">Jorden</a>, og <a href="/wiki/CNO-cyklus" title="CNO-cyklus">carbon-nitrogen-cyklussen</a> leverer noget af energien produceret af <a href="/wiki/Solen" title="Solen">Solen</a> og andre <a href="/wiki/Stjerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjerner">stjerner</a>. Selvom det danner mange forskellige forbindelser, er de fleste af carbons former relativt ikke-reaktive under normale forhold. Ved standardtemperatur og -tryk kan det modstå alt andet end de allerstærkeste oxidationsmidler. Det reagerer ikke med <a href="/wiki/Svovlsyre" title="Svovlsyre">svovlsyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saltsyre" title="Saltsyre">saltsyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klor</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Alkalimetal" title="Alkalimetal">alkalier</a>. Ved forhøjede temperaturer reagerer carbon med <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> og danner carbon-<a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">oxider</a>, og den vil her stjæle oxygen fra metaloxider og efterlade metalgrundstoffet. Denne <a href="/wiki/Exoterm" title="Exoterm">exoterme</a> reaktion bruges i jern- og stålindustrien til at smelte jern og kontrollere carbonindholdet i <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">stål</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></span> + 4 C<sub>(s)</sub> → 3 Fe<sub>(s)</sub> + 4 CO<sub>(g)</sub></dd></dl> <p>med <a href="/wiki/Svovl" title="Svovl">svovl</a> til at danne <a href="/wiki/Carbondisulfid" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbondisulfid">carbondisulfid</a> og med damp i kul-gas-reaktionen: </p> <dl><dd>C<sub>(s)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub> → CO<sub>(g)</sub> + H<sub>2(g)</sub>.</dd></dl> <p>Carbon kombinerer med nogle metaller ved høje temperaturer og danner metalliske <a href="/wiki/Karbid" title="Karbid">karbider</a>, såsom jernkarbiden <a href="/wiki/Cementit" title="Cementit">cementit</a> i stål, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolframkarbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolframkarbid (ikke skrevet endnu)">wolframkarbid</a>, der ofte bruges som <a href="/wiki/Abrasiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasiv">slibemiddel</a> og til at lave skarpe spidser på skæreværktøjer. </p><p>Pr. 2009 lader <a href="/wiki/Grafen" title="Grafen">grafen</a> til at være det stærkeste materiale der nogensinde er blevet testet.<sup id="cite_ref-lee_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Processen med at adskille det fra <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> vil kræve yderligere teknologisk udvikling før det er økonomisk gunstigt til industrielle processer.<sup id="cite_ref-nypost_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nypost-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Systemet af carbonallotroper spænder over en række ekstremer: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Grafit er et af de blødeste materialer, der kendes. </td> <td style="width: 50%;">Syntetisk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanodiamant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanodiamant (ikke skrevet endnu)">nanokrystallin diamant</a> er det hårdeste materiale, der kendes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grafit er et meget godt <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B8remiddel" title="Smøremiddel">smøremiddel</a>, og udviser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superlubricitet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superlubricitet (ikke skrevet endnu)">superlubricitet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Diamant er det ultimative <a href="/wiki/Abrasiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasiv">slibemiddel</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grafit er en <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_leder" title="Elektrisk leder">leder</a> af elektricitet.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Diamant er en fremragende elektrisk <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_isolator" title="Elektrisk isolator">isolator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nogle typer grafit bruges til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varmeisolation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varmeisolation (ikke skrevet endnu)">varmeisolation</a> (såsom brandbælter og varmeskjolde), men nogle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrolytisk_grafit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrolytisk grafit (ikke skrevet endnu)">andre typer</a> er gode varmeledere. </td> <td>Diamant er den bedst kendte, naturligt forekommende varmeleder. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grafit er <a href="/wiki/Opacitet" title="Opacitet">opak</a>. </td> <td>Diamant er stærkt transparent. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grafit krystalliserer i det <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexagonale_krystalsystem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexagonale krystalsystem (ikke skrevet endnu)">hexagonale system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Diamant krystalliserer i det <a href="/wiki/Kubisk_rumcentreret_krystalstruktur" title="Kubisk rumcentreret krystalstruktur">kubiske system</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amorf carbon er fuldstændigt <a href="/wiki/Isotrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotrop">isotropisk</a>. </td> <td>Carbon-nanorør er blandt de mest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anisotrop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anisotrop (ikke skrevet endnu)">anisotropiske</a> materialer, der kendes. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allotroper">Allotroper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Allotroper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Allotroper"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/20px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/40px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Allotropi" title="Allotropi">Allotropi</a></span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monocarbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monocarbon (ikke skrevet endnu)">Atomar carbon</a> er en meget kortlivet art og carbon stabiliseres derfor i diverse fleratomare strukturer med forskellige molekylære konfigurationer, kaldet <a href="/wiki/Allotrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotrop">allotroper</a>. Carbons tre relativt velkendte allotroper er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amorf_carbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amorf carbon (ikke skrevet endnu)">amorf carbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> og <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fulleren" title="Fulleren">Fullerener</a> blev engang betragtet som eksotiske, men syntetiseres i dag og bruges til forskning; de omfatter <a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfulleren" title="Buckminsterfulleren">buckminsterfullerener</a> (også kaldet "buckybolde"),<sup id="cite_ref-buckyballs_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckyballs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nanotubes_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotubes-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kulstof-nanor%C3%B8r" title="Kulstof-nanorør">carbon-nanorør</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nanotubes2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotubes2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon-nanobud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon-nanobud (ikke skrevet endnu)">carbon-nanobuds</a><sup id="cite_ref-nanobuds_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanobuds-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon-nanofibre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon-nanofibre (ikke skrevet endnu)">nanofibre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der er også blevet fundet flere andre eksotiske allotroper, såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonsdaleit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonsdaleit (ikke skrevet endnu)">lonsdaleit</a> (tvivlsom),<sup id="cite_ref-lonsdaletite_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonsdaletite-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glascarbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glascarbon (ikke skrevet endnu)">glascarbon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-glassy_carbon_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glassy_carbon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kulstof-nanoskum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulstof-nanoskum">carbon-nanoskum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carbyn" title="Carbyn">carbyn</a><sup id="cite_ref-LAC_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAC-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og cyclo[18]carbon.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg/220px-Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg/330px-Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg/440px-Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4432" data-file-height="3674" /></a><figcaption>Et stort stykke glascarbon.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den <a href="/wiki/Amorf" title="Amorf">amorfe</a> form er et udvalg af carbonatomer i et ikke-krystallinsk, uregelmæssigt, glasagtigt stadie, som i bund og grund er <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, men ikke holdes i en krystallinsk makrostruktur. Det findes som et pulver, og er en hovedbestanddel i substanser såsom <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A6kul" title="Trækul">trækul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sod" title="Sod">sod</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktivt_kul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktivt kul (ikke skrevet endnu)">aktivt kul</a>. Ved normalt tryk tager form af <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, hvori hvert atom bindes trigonalt til tre andre i et plan bestående af fusionerede <a href="/wiki/Hexagon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagon">hexagonale</a> ringe, ligesom de ses i <a href="/wiki/Aromatiske_kulbrinter" title="Aromatiske kulbrinter">aromatiske carbonhydrider</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det resulterende netværk er todimensionelt, og de resulterende flade plader stables og bindes løst gennem svage <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals-kraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Van der Waals-kraft">van der Waals-kræfter</a>. Dette giver grafit dens blødhed og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaltning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaltning (ikke skrevet endnu)">spaltningsegenskaber</a> (pladerne glider let forbi hinanden). På grund af at delokaliseringen af en af de ydre elektroner fra hvert atom danner en <a href="/wiki/Delokaliseret_elektron" title="Delokaliseret elektron">π-cloud</a>, leder grafit <a href="/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet">elektricitet</a>, men kun på planet for hver <a href="/wiki/Kovalent_binding" title="Kovalent binding">kovalent bundne</a> plade. Dette resulterer i at carbon har en lavere samlet elektrisk ledeevne end de fleste <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metaller</a>. Delokaliseringen står også for grafits energiske stabilitet over diamant ved rumtemperatur. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg/300px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg/450px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg/600px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Nogle af carbons allotroper: a) <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>; b) <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>; c) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonsdaleit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonsdaleit (ikke skrevet endnu)">lonsdaleit</a>; d–f) <a href="/wiki/Fulleren" title="Fulleren">fullerener</a> (C<sub>60</sub>, C<sub>540</sub>, C<sub>70</sub>); g) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amorf_carbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amorf carbon (ikke skrevet endnu)">amorf carbon</a>; h) <a href="/wiki/Kulstof-nanor%C3%B8r" title="Kulstof-nanorør">carbon-nanorør</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ved meget højt tryk danner carbon den mere kompakte allotrop, <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, der har næsten dobbelt så stor massefylde sammenlignet med grafit. Her bindes hver atom <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrahedron">tetrahedralt</a> til fire andre, og danner et 3-dimensionelt netværk af rynkede seks-leddede atomringe. Diamant har den samme <a href="/wiki/Kubisk_rumcentreret_krystalstruktur" title="Kubisk rumcentreret krystalstruktur">kubiske struktur</a> som <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a> og <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a>. Det er den hårdeste naturligt forekommende substans målt ved <a href="/wiki/Mohs%27_skala" title="Mohs' skala">hvor let det kan ridses</a>, hvilket skyldes carbon-carbon-<a href="/wiki/Kemisk_binding" title="Kemisk binding">bindingernes</a> styrke. På trods af den populære idé om at <i>"<a href="/wiki/Diamonds_Are_Forever_(bog)" title="Diamonds Are Forever (bog)">diamanter varer evigt</a>"</i>, er de termodynamisk ustabile under normale forhold, og transformerer sig til <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-therm_prop_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-therm_prop-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På grund af en høj aktivering-energibarriere er overgangen til grafit så langsom ved normale temperaturer at det ikke kan ses med det blotte øje. Under nogle forhold krystalliserer carbon som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonsdaleit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonsdaleit (ikke skrevet endnu)">lonsdaleit</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagonal">hexagonalt</a> <a href="/wiki/Krystal" title="Krystal">krystalgitter</a> med alle atomer kovalent bundet og egenskaber meget lig diamants.<sup id="cite_ref-lonsdaletite_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonsdaletite-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fulleren" title="Fulleren">Fullerener</a> er en syntetisk<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden juni 2016)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup> formation med en grafit-lignende struktur, men i stedet for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexagonalt_krystalsystem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexagonalt krystalsystem (ikke skrevet endnu)">hexagoner</a> er fullerener dannet af pentagoner (eller ligefrem heptagoner) af carbonatomer. De manglende (eller yderligere) atomer fordrejer pladerne til kugler, ellipser eller cylindere. Fullereners egenskaber (opdelt i <a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfulleren" title="Buckminsterfulleren">buckminsterfullerener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulstof-nanor%C3%B8r" title="Kulstof-nanorør">buckminsterrør</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanobud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanobud (ikke skrevet endnu)">nanobuds</a>) er endnu ikke blevet fuldt analyseret, og repræsenterer et intenst forskningsområde i <a href="/wiki/Nanomateriale" title="Nanomateriale">nanomateriale</a>. Navnene <i>"fulleren"</i> og <i>"buckybold"</i> er opkaldt efter <a href="/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller" title="Buckminster Fuller">Richard Buckminster Fuller</a>, der populariserede <a href="/wiki/Geod%C3%A6tisk_kuppel" title="Geodætisk kuppel">geodætiske kupler</a>, som ligner fullereners struktur. Buckminsterfullerener er relativt store molekyler, der er dannet udelukkende af carbon bundet trigonant, og som har dannet <a href="/wiki/Rotationsellipsoid" title="Rotationsellipsoid">sfæroider</a> (den bedst kendte og simpleste er den fodbold-formede C<sub>60</sub> <a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfulleren" title="Buckminsterfulleren">buckminsterfulleren</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-buckyballs_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckyballs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbon-nanorør ligner buckminsterfullerener strukturelt, bortset fra at hvert atom er bindet trigonalt i et kurvet plan, der danner en hul <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(geometri)" title="Cylinder (geometri)">cylinder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nanotubes_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotubes-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nanotubes2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotubes2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanobuds blev for første gang opdaget i 2007, og er et hybrid rør/buckminsterfulleren-materiale (buckminsterfullerener er kovalent bundet til et nanorørs ydre væg), som kombinerer begges egenskaber i en enkelt struktur.<sup id="cite_ref-nanobuds_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanobuds-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En af de andre opdagede allotroper, <a href="/wiki/Carbon-nanoskum" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon-nanoskum">carbon-nanoskum</a>, er en <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetisme" title="Ferromagnetisme">ferromagnetisk</a> allotrop opdaget i 1997. Den består af en klyngesamling af carbonatomer med lav massefylde, der hænger sammen i et løst tre-dimensionelt net hvori atomerne er bundet trigonalt i seks- og syv-leddede ringe. Det er blandt de letteste kendte faste stoffer, med en massefylde på omkring 2 kg/m<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glascarbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glascarbon (ikke skrevet endnu)">Glascarbon</a> indeholder på lignende måde en høj andel af lukket <a href="/wiki/Por%C3%B8sitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Porøsitet">porøsitet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-glassy_carbon_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glassy_carbon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men i modsætning til normal grafit er de grafitiske lag ikke stablet som siderne i en bog, men derimod mere tilfældigt arrangeret. <a href="/wiki/Carbyn" title="Carbyn">Carbyn</a> har den kemiske struktur<sup id="cite_ref-LAC_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAC-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> -(C:::C)<sub>n</sub>-. Carbon er i denne modifikation lineært med <i>sp</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybridorbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hybridorbital (ikke skrevet endnu)">orbital hybridisering</a>, og er en <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a> med skiftende enkelte og tredobbelte bindinger. Denne carbyn er meget interessant indenfor <a href="/wiki/Nanoteknologi" title="Nanoteknologi">nanoteknologien</a>, da dens <a href="/wiki/Elasticitetsmodul" class="mw-redirect" title="Elasticitetsmodul">Young's modul</a> er 40 gange så stort som diamants.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2015 bekendtgjorde et hold ved <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University" title="North Carolina State University">North Carolina State University</a> at de havde udviklet en anden allotrop, døbt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Q-carbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q-carbon (ikke skrevet endnu)">Q-carbon</a>, ved at anvende en laserpuls af lav varighed på amorf carbonstøv. Q-carbon skal angiveligt udvise både ferromagetisme og <a href="/wiki/Fluorescens" title="Fluorescens">fluorescens</a> og være endnu hårdere end diamanter.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forekomst">Forekomst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Forekomst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Forekomst"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg/220px-GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg/330px-GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg/440px-GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Grafitmalm.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rough_diamond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rough_diamond.jpg/220px-Rough_diamond.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rough_diamond.jpg/330px-Rough_diamond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Rough_diamond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>Rå diamantkrystal.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_(GLODAP).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png/220px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png/330px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png/440px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>1990'ernes havoverflades <a href="/wiki/Total_uorganisk_carbon" title="Total uorganisk carbon">opløste uorganiske carbonkoncentrationer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Carbon er det fjerdemest forekommende grundstof i universet, målt efter masse, efter hydrogen, helium og oxygen. Carbon findes i rigelige mængder i <a href="/wiki/Solen" title="Solen">Solen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stjerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjerner">stjernerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">kometer</a>, og i de fleste <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planeters</a> <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6re_(himmellegeme)" title="Atmosfære (himmellegeme)">atmosfære</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140221_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140221-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der kan dannes mikroskopiske diamanter ved det intense tryk og høje temperatur, der finder sted ved meteoritnedstyrtninger.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2014 bekendtgjorde <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> at man havde oprettet en opgraderet database til at spore <a href="/wiki/Aromatiske_kulbrinter" title="Aromatiske kulbrinter">polycykliske aromatiske hydrocarboner</a> (PAH'er) i <a href="/wiki/Univers" class="mw-redirect" title="Univers">universet</a>. Mere end 20% af al carbon i universet kan være forbundet med PAH'er, komplekse forbindelser af carbon og hydrogen uden oxygen.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse forbindelser figurerer i <a href="/w/index.php?title=PAH-verdenshypotesen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAH-verdenshypotesen (ikke skrevet endnu)">PAH-verdenshypotesen</a> som går på at de har haft en rolle i <a href="/wiki/Abiogenese" title="Abiogenese">abiogenese</a> og skabelsen af nyt liv. PAH'er lader til at være blevet dannet "nogle milliarder år" efter <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>, er spredt udover hele universet, og forbindes med <a href="/wiki/Stjernedannelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjernedannelse">nye stjerner</a> og <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">exoplaneter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140221_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140221-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den faste del af Jorden er blevet vurderet som helhed til at indeholde 730 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" title="Parts per million">ppm</a> carbon, med 2000 ppm i kernen og 120 ppm i den kombinerede kappe og skorpe.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Da Jordens masse er <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7027597190000000000♠</span><span style="white-space:nowrap">5.972</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em">×</span>10<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap">24</span></sup> kg</span> ville dette indebære 4360 millioner <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">gigaton</a> carbon. Dette er langt mere end der er til stede i havene eller atmosfæren. </p><p>Kombineret med <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (til <a href="/wiki/Kuldioxid" title="Kuldioxid">carbondioxid</a>) findes carbon både i Jordens atmosfære (omtrent 810 gigatons carbon) og opløst i alle vandområder (omkring 36.000 gigatons carbon). Der findes omkring 1.900 gigatons carbon i <a href="/wiki/Biosf%C3%A6re" title="Biosfære">biosfæren</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kulbrinte" title="Kulbrinte">Carbonhydrider</a> (såsom <a href="/wiki/Kul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kul">kul</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5olie" title="Råolie">råolie</a> og <a href="/wiki/Naturgas" title="Naturgas">naturgas</a>) indeholder også carbon. Mængden i kulreserver (ikke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassifikation_af_mineralressourcer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassifikation af mineralressourcer (ikke skrevet endnu)">kul-"ressourcer"</a>) vurderes til at være på omkring 900 gigatons med måske 18.000 gigaton ressourcer.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oliereserver" title="Oliereserver">Oliereserver</a> har omkring 150 gigaton. Gennemprøvede kilder til naturgas er på omkring 175 10<sup>12</sup> kubikmeter (indeholdende omkring 105 gigatons carbon), men studier vurderer at der findes yderligere 900 10<sup>12</sup> kubikmeter "ukonventionelle" forekomster såsom <a href="/wiki/Skifergas" title="Skifergas">skifergas</a>, der repræsenterer omkring 540 gigatons carbon.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon findes også i <a href="/wiki/Metanhydrat" title="Metanhydrat">metanhydrater</a> i polarregionerne og under havene. Diverse vurderinger har sat denne mængde af carbon mellem 500, 2500<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller 3000 gigaton.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Der fandtes tidligere større mængder <a href="/wiki/Kulbrinte" title="Kulbrinte">carbonhydrid</a>. Ifølge en kilde blev der i perioden mellem 1751 og 2008 udledt omkring 347 gigatons carbon som carbondioxid til atmosfæren fra afbrænding af fossile brændstoffer.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En anden kilde sætter mængden der er udledt til atmosfæren siden 1750 til 879 gigaton, og den samlede mængde udledt til atmosfære, hav og land (såsom <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8rvemose" class="mw-redirect" title="Tørvemose">tørvemoser</a>) til næsten 2000 gigaton.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon er en bestanddel (omkring 12% efter masse) af de meget store <a href="/wiki/Carbonat" title="Carbonat">carbonate</a> stenmasser (<a href="/wiki/Kalksten" title="Kalksten">kalksten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(mineral)" title="Dolomit (mineral)">dolomit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marmor" title="Marmor">marmor</a> osv.). <a href="/wiki/Kul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kul">Kul</a> er meget carbonindholdigt (<a href="/wiki/Antracit" title="Antracit">antracit</a> indeholder 92–98%)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og er den største kommercielle kilde til mineralsk carbon, idet det står for 4.000 gigatons eller 80% af <a href="/wiki/Fossile_br%C3%A6ndstoffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossile brændstoffer">fossile brændstoffer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hvad angår de individuelle carbonallotroper så findes grafit i store mængder i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> (mest i <a href="/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat)">New York</a> og <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland" title="Grønland">Grønland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a>. Naturlige diamanter forekommer i stenarten <a href="/wiki/Kimberlit" title="Kimberlit">kimberlit</a>, der findes i gamle <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkanske</a> "halse" eller "rør". De fleste diamantforekomster er i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, særligt i <a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> og <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Congo" title="Republikken Congo">Republikken Congo</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>. Diamantforekomster er også blevet fundet i <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, det russiske <a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a>, og i det nordlige og vestlige <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>. Diamanter hentes også fra havbunden ved <a href="/wiki/Kap_det_Gode_H%C3%A5b" class="mw-redirect" title="Kap det Gode Håb">Kap det Gode Håb</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kulstof-14" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulstof-14">Carbon-14</a> dannes i troposfærens og stratosfærens øvre lag ved højder på 9–15 km af en reaktion, der udfældes ved <a href="/wiki/Kosmisk_str%C3%A5ling" title="Kosmisk stråling">kosmisk stråling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der produceres <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termiske_neutroner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termiske neutroner (ikke skrevet endnu)">termiske neutroner</a>, som kolliderer med nitrogen-14's kerner, og danner carbon-14 og en proton. </p><p>Carbon-rige asteroider findes overvejende i de ydre dele af <a href="/wiki/Asteroideb%C3%A6lte" title="Asteroidebælte">asteroidebæltet</a> i vores <a href="/wiki/Solsystem" class="mw-redirect" title="Solsystem">solsystem</a>. Der er endnu ikke blevet taget prøver af disse asteroider, men de kan bruges i hypotetisk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroidebrydning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asteroidebrydning (ikke skrevet endnu)">rumbaseret carbon-minedrift</a>, som kan blive muligt i fremtiden men stadig er teknologisk umuligt.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotoper">Isotoper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Isotoper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Isotoper"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <span>Hovedartikel: <a href="/wiki/Isotoper" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotoper">Isotoper</a>.</span></span></div> <p>Carbons <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a> er <a href="/wiki/Atomkerne" title="Atomkerne">atomkerner</a>, der indeholder seks <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protoner</a> plus et antal <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroner</a> (fra 2 til 16). Carbon har to stabile, naturligt forekommende isotoper.<sup id="cite_ref-isotopes_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isotopes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isotopen <a href="/wiki/Kulstof-12" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulstof-12">carbon-12</a> (<sup>12</sup>C) udgør 98,93% af Jordens carbon, mens <a href="/wiki/Kulstof-13" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulstof-13">carbon-13</a> (<sup>13</sup>C) udgør de tilbageværende 1,07%.<sup id="cite_ref-isotopes_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isotopes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koncentrationen af <sup>12</sup>C bliver øget yderligere i biologiske materialer idet biokemiske reaktioner diskriminerer mod <sup>13</sup>C.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1961 vedtog <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (IUPAC) isotopen <a href="/wiki/Carbon-12" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon-12">carbon-12</a> som udgangspunkt for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativ_atommasse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativ atommasse (ikke skrevet endnu)">atomvægt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Identificering af i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kernemagnetisk_resonans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kernemagnetisk resonans (ikke skrevet endnu)">kernemagnetisk resonans</a>-eksperimenter (NMR) gøres med isotopen <sup>13</sup>C. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kulstof-14" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulstof-14">Carbon-14</a> (<sup>14</sup>C) er en naturligt forekommende <a href="/wiki/Radioisotop" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotop">radioisotop</a>, skabt i den øvre atmosfære (lavere <a href="/wiki/Stratosf%C3%A6re" title="Stratosfære">stratosfære</a> og øvre <a href="/wiki/Troposf%C3%A6re" title="Troposfære">troposfære</a>) idet <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> interagerer med <a href="/wiki/Kosmisk_str%C3%A5ling" title="Kosmisk stråling">kosmisk stråling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det findes i sporingsmængder på Jorden i op til 1 part per <a href="/wiki/10%5E12" class="mw-redirect" title="10^12">billion</a> (0,0000000001%), og er hovedsageligt begrænset til atmosfæren og små forekomster, særligt i <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8rv" title="Tørv">tørv</a> og andre organiske materialer.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denne isotop henfalder med 0,158 MeV <a href="/wiki/Betahenfald" title="Betahenfald">β<sup>−</sup> udledning</a>. På grund af dens relativt korte <a href="/wiki/Halveringstid" title="Halveringstid">halveringstid</a> på 5730 år er <sup>14</sup>C stort set fraværende i gamle stenarter. Mængden af <sup>14</sup>C i atmosfæren og i levende organismer er næsten konstant, men den aftager på en forudsigelig måde i deres legemer efter døden. Dette princip bruges ved <a href="/wiki/Kulstof_14-datering" title="Kulstof 14-datering">carbon 14-datering</a>, opfundet i 1949, som bliver anvendt bredt til at afgøre alder på carbonholdige materialer, der er op til 40.000 år gamle.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Der findes 15 kendte carbonisotoper, og den mest kortlivede af disse er <sup>8</sup>C, som henfalder gennem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonudledning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonudledning (ikke skrevet endnu)">protonudledning</a> og <a href="/wiki/Alfahenfald" title="Alfahenfald">alfahenfald</a> og har en halveringstid på 1,98739x10<sup>−21</sup> <a href="/wiki/Sekund" title="Sekund">s</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den eksotiske <sup>19</sup>C udviser en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerneglorie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerneglorie (ikke skrevet endnu)">kerneglorie</a>, hvilket betyder at dens <a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">radius</a> er mærkbart større end det kunne forventes hvis <a href="/wiki/Atomkerne" title="Atomkerne">kernen</a> var en <a href="/wiki/Kugle" title="Kugle">kugle</a> med konstans <a href="/wiki/Massefylde" title="Massefylde">massefylde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dannelse_i_stjerner">Dannelse i stjerner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Dannelse i stjerner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Dannelse i stjerner"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <span>Hovedartikler: <a href="/wiki/Tripel-alfa-processen" title="Tripel-alfa-processen">Tripel-alfa-processen</a> og <a href="/wiki/CNO-cyklus" title="CNO-cyklus">CNO-cyklus</a>.</span></span></div> <p>Dannelsen af carbons atomkerne kræver en næsten samtidig tripel-kollision af <a href="/wiki/Alfastr%C3%A5ling" title="Alfastråling">alfapartikler</a> (<a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">heliumkerner</a>) inde i en <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A6mpestjerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Kæmpestjerne">kæmpe</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superk%C3%A6mpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superkæmpe (ikke skrevet endnu)">superkæmpe</a>-stjerne, hvilket er kendt som <a href="/wiki/Tripel-alfa-processen" title="Tripel-alfa-processen">tripel-alfa-processen</a>. Produkterne af yderligere kernefusion ved heliums reaktion med hydrogen eller en anden heliumkerne producerer henholdsvis lithium-5 og beryllium-8, der begge er stærkt ustabile, og næsten øjeblikkeligt henfalder tilbage til mindre kerner.<sup id="cite_ref-Audi_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Audi-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tripel-alfa-processen sker ved temperaturer over 100 megakelvin og ved heliumkoncentrationer i en grad som det tidlige univers' hastige udvidelse og nedkøling umuliggjorde - der blev derfor ikke skabt synderligt store mængder carbon under <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>. </p><p>Ifølge nuværende fysisk-kosmologisk teori dannes carbon i stjernes indre i den vandrette gren af sammenstød og transformation mellem tre heliumkerner.<sup id="cite_ref-Ostlie_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ostlie-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Når de stjerner dør som supernovaer spredes carbonen i verdensrummet som støv. Dette støv bliver efterfølgende en bestanddel i dannelsen af anden- eller tredjegenerations-stjernesystemer med sammenvoksede planeter.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140221_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140221-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Solsystemet" title="Solsystemet">Solsystemet</a> er et eksempel på et sådanne stjernesystem med en rigelig mængde carbon, hvilket har banet vejen for livet på Jorden. </p><p><a href="/wiki/CNO-cyklus" title="CNO-cyklus">CNO-cyklussen</a> er en yderligere fusionsmekanisme, som styrker stjerner, hvori carbon opererer som <a href="/wiki/Katalysator_(kemi)" title="Katalysator (kemi)">katalysator</a>. </p><p>Roterende overgange af diverse isotopiske former for carbonmonoxid (for eksempel <sup>12</sup>CO, <sup>13</sup>CO og <sup>18</sup>CO) kan ses i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Submillimeter-astronomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Submillimeter-astronomi (ikke skrevet endnu)">submillimeter</a>-bølgelængdeområdet, og bruges i studiet af <a href="/wiki/Stjernedannelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjernedannelse">nyligt dannede stjerner</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekylesky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekylesky (ikke skrevet endnu)">molekyleskyer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carboncyklus">Carboncyklus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Carboncyklus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Carboncyklus"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <span>Hovedartikel: <a href="/wiki/Kulstofkredsl%C3%B8b" title="Kulstofkredsløb">Kulstofkredsløb</a>.</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg/langda-300px-Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg/langda-450px-Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg/langda-600px-Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Diagram over carboncyklussen. De sorte tal indikerer hvor meget carbon der opbevares i diverse reservoirer, i milliarder ton ("GtC" står for gigaton carbon; figurerne er fra cirka 2004). De lilla tal indikerer hvor meget carbon der bevæger sig mellem reservoirer hvert år. Aflejringerne, som defineret i dette diagram, indeholder ikke de ~70 millioner GtC carbonatsten og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerogen (ikke skrevet endnu)">kerogen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under normale forhold på jorden er det meget sjældent at se et grundstof konvertere til et andet. Derfor er mængden af carbon på Jorden mere eller mindre konstant. De processer, der bruger carbon, skal derfor opnå det fra et sted og skaffe sig af med det et andet sted. Carbons veje i miljøet danner <a href="/wiki/Kulstofkredsl%C3%B8b" title="Kulstofkredsløb">carboncyklussen</a>. For eksempel trækker <a href="/wiki/Fotosyntese" title="Fotosyntese">fotosyntetiske</a> plantenter <a href="/wiki/Kuldioxid" title="Kuldioxid">carbondioxid</a> fra atmosfæren (eller havvand) og bygger det ind i biomasse, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonfiksering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonfiksering (ikke skrevet endnu)">carbonfikseringsproces</a>. Noget af denne biomasse spises af dyr, mens noget carbon udåndes af dyr som carbondioxid. Carboncyklussen er betragteligt mere kompliceret end denne korte cyklus; for eksempel opløses noget carbondioxid i havene; hvis bakterier ikke fortærer det, kan dødt plante- eller dyrematerie blive til <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5olie" title="Råolie">råolie</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Kul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kul">kul</a>, hvilket udleder carbon når det brændes.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forbindelser">Forbindelser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Forbindelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Forbindelser"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organiske_forbindelser">Organiske forbindelser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Organiske forbindelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Organiske forbindelser"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Methane-2D-stereo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Methane-2D-stereo.svg/250px-Methane-2D-stereo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Methane-2D-stereo.svg/330px-Methane-2D-stereo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">Metans</a> strukturelle formel, den simplest mulige organiske forbindelse.</figcaption></figure> <p>Carbon kan danne meget lange kæder af sammenkoblede C-C-bindinger, en egenskab der kaldes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catenation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catenation (ikke skrevet endnu)">catenation</a>. Carbon-carbon-bindinger er stærke og stabile. Gennem catenation danner carbon et utal af forbindelser. </p><p>Den simpleste form for organisk molekyle er <a href="/wiki/Kulbrinte" title="Kulbrinte">carbonhydrid</a> — en stor familie af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisk_molekyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisk molekyle (ikke skrevet endnu)">organiske molekyler</a>, der består af <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen">hydrogenatomer</a> bundet til en kæde af carbonatomer. Kædelængden, sidekæder og <a href="/wiki/Funktionel_gruppe" title="Funktionel gruppe">funktionelle grupper</a> påvirker alle organiske molekylers egenskaber. </p><p>Carbon forekommer naturligt i alt kendt <a href="/wiki/Organisk_materiale" title="Organisk materiale">organisk</a> liv, og er grundlaget for <a href="/wiki/Organisk_kemi" title="Organisk kemi">organisk kemi</a>. Når det forenes med <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> danner det diverse <a href="/wiki/Kulbrinte" title="Kulbrinte">carbonhydrider</a>, der er vigtige for industrien som <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8lemiddel" title="Kølemiddel">køle-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B8remiddel" title="Smøremiddel">smøre-</a> og <a href="/wiki/Opl%C3%B8sningsmiddel" title="Opløsningsmiddel">opløsningsmiddel</a>, som kemisk råvare til fremstilling af <a href="/wiki/Plastik" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastik">plastik</a> og <a href="/wiki/Petrokemikalie" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrokemikalie">petrokemikalier</a> og som <a href="/wiki/Fossile_br%C3%A6ndstoffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossile brændstoffer">fossile brændstoffer</a>. </p><p>Når det kombineres med oxygen og hydrogen kan carbon danne mange grupper af vigtige biologiske forbindelser, såsom <a href="/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker">sukkerarter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lignan (ikke skrevet endnu)">lignaner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitin" title="Kitin">kitiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" class="mw-disambig" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fedt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedt">fedt</a> og aromatisk <a href="/wiki/Ester_(kemi)" title="Ester (kemi)">ester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karotenoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Karotenoid">karotenoider</a> og <a href="/wiki/Terpen" title="Terpen">terpen</a>. Sammen med <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> danner det <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloider</a>, og med tilføjelsen af svovl kan den danne <a href="/wiki/Antibiotikum" title="Antibiotikum">antibiotika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aminosyre" title="Aminosyre">aminosyrer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Naturgummi" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturgummi">gummiprodukter</a>. Med tilføjelsen af fosfor til disse andre grundstoffer danner det <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> og <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a>, der bærer på livets kemiske kode, og <a href="/wiki/Adenosintrifosfat" title="Adenosintrifosfat">adenosintrifosfat</a> (ATP), det vigtigste energioverførende molekyle i alle levende celler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uorganiske_forbindelser">Uorganiske forbindelser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Uorganiske forbindelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Uorganiske forbindelser"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forbindelser, der normalt indeholder carbon, men associeres med mineraler eller som ikke indeholder hydrogen eller fluorin, betragtes normalt som separate fra klassiske <a href="/wiki/Organisk_forbindelse" title="Organisk forbindelse">organiske forbindelser</a>, omend denne definition ikke ligger fast. Blandt disse er carbons simple oxider. Den bedste kendte oxid er <a href="/wiki/Kuldioxid" title="Kuldioxid">carbondioxid</a> (CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub>). Dette var engang den primære bestanddel i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pal%C3%A6oatmosf%C3%A6re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palæoatmosfære (ikke skrevet endnu)">palæoatmosfæren</a>, men er kun en mindre bestanddel af <a href="/wiki/Jordens_atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Jordens atmosfære">Jordens atmosfære</a> i dag.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Når det opløses i vand danner det <a href="/wiki/Kulsyre" title="Kulsyre">carbonsyre</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span>), men ligesom det er tilfældet med de fleste forbindelser hvor flere oxygener er bundet til et carbon med enkelt-binding, er det ustabilt.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gennem dette mellemprodukt produceres dog resonans-stabiliserede <a href="/wiki/Carbonat" title="Carbonat">carbonat</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ioner</a>. Nogle vigtige mineraler er carbonater, navnlig <a href="/wiki/Kalk_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalk (mineral)">kalk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carbondisulfid" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbondisulfid">Carbondisulfid</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">CS<sub>2</sub></span>) fungerer på lignende måde. </p><p>Den anden udbredte oxid er <a href="/wiki/Kulilte" title="Kulilte">carbonmonoxid</a> (CO). Den dannes af ufærdig forbrænding, og er en farveløs, lugtfri gas. Molekylerne indeholder hver en tredobbelt binding, og er relativt <a href="/wiki/Kemisk_polaritet" title="Kemisk polaritet">polære</a>, hvilket resulterer i en tendens til at binde permanent til hæmoglobin-molekyler, og dermed forskyde oxygen, som har en lavede bindingsaffinitet.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cyanid" title="Cyanid">Cyanid</a> (CN<sup>−</sup>) har en lignende struktur, men opfører sig meget som en <a href="/wiki/Halogenid" title="Halogenid">halogenid</a>-ion (det er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudohalogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudohalogen (ikke skrevet endnu)">pseudohalogent</a>). For eksempel kan det danne det nitride <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanogen (ikke skrevet endnu)">cyanogen</a>-molekyle ((CN)<sub>2</sub>), meget lig diatomiske halogenider. Blandt andre usædvanlige oxider er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonsuboxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonsuboxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">carbonsuboxid</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">C<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> det ustabile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicarbonmonoxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicarbonmonoxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">dicarbonmonoxid</a> (C<sub>2</sub>O),<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbontrioxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbontrioxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">carbontrioxid</a> (CO<sub>3</sub>),<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclopentanpenton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclopentanpenton (ikke skrevet endnu)">cyclopentanpenton</a> (C<sub>5</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-fatiadi_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fatiadi-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclohexanhexon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclohexanhexon (ikke skrevet endnu)">cyclohexanhexon</a> (C<sub>6</sub>O<sub>6</sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-fatiadi_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fatiadi-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mellitsyreanhydrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mellitsyreanhydrid (ikke skrevet endnu)">mellitsyreanhydrid</a> (C<sub>12</sub>O<sub>9</sub>). </p><p>Sammen med reaktive <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metaller</a> såsom <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram</a> danner carbon enten <a href="/wiki/Karbid" title="Karbid">carbider</a> (C<sup>4−</sup>) eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetylid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetylid (ikke skrevet endnu)">acetylider</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">C<span style="display:-moz-inline-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;min-height:1em;font-size:80%;line-height:1;margin-bottom:-0.1em;overflow:visible;text-align:left"><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;margin-top:-1.1em;line-height:1;background:transparent;overflow:visible">2−</span><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;background:transparent;line-height:1;overflow:visible">2</span></span></span>) til at danne legeringer med højt smeltepunkt. Disse anioner associeres også med <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Acetylen" title="Acetylen">acetylen</a>, som begge er meget svage <a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">syrer</a>. Med en elektronegativitet på 2,5<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> foretrækker carbon at danne <a href="/wiki/Kovalent_binding" title="Kovalent binding">kovalente bindinger</a>. Nogle få carbider er kovalente gitre, såsom <a href="/wiki/Siliciumkarbid" title="Siliciumkarbid">siliciumcarbid</a> (SiC), der ligner <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organometalliske_forbindelser">Organometalliske forbindelser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Organometalliske forbindelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Organometalliske forbindelser"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Organometalliske forbindelser indeholder pr. definition mindst en carbon-metal-binding. Der eksisterer en lang række af sådanne forbindelser; blandt store klasser er simple alkyl-metal-forbindelser (for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Tetraetylbly" title="Tetraetylbly">tetraetylbly</a>), η<sup>2</sup>-alken-forbindelser (for eksempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeises_salt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeises salt (ikke skrevet endnu)">Zeises salt</a>) og η<sup>3</sup>-allyl-forbindelser (for eksempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allylpalladiumkloriddimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allylpalladiumkloriddimer (ikke skrevet endnu)">allylpalladiumkloriddimer</a>); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallocen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metallocen (ikke skrevet endnu)">metallocener</a> indeholdende cyclopentadienyl-ligander (for eksempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrocen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrocen (ikke skrevet endnu)">ferrocener</a>); og overgangsmetal-carbenkomplekser. Der findes mange <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalcarbonyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalcarbonyl (ikke skrevet endnu)">metalcarbonyler</a> (for eksempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikkeltetracarbonyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikkeltetracarbonyl (ikke skrevet endnu)">nikkeltetracarbonyl</a>). </p><p>Mens carbon menes eksklusivt at danne fire bindinger, er der blevet rapporteret om en interessant forbindelse indeholdende et oktahedralt hexakoordineret carbonatom. Forbindelsens kation er [(Ph<sub>3</sub>PAu)<sub>6</sub>C]<sup>2+</sup>. Dette fænomen er blevet tilskrevet guld-ligandernes "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurofilicitet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurofilicitet (ikke skrevet endnu)">aurofilicitet</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie_og_etymologi">Historie og etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Historie og etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Historie og etymologi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Antoine_lavoisier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Antoine_lavoisier.jpg/170px-Antoine_lavoisier.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Antoine_lavoisier.jpg/255px-Antoine_lavoisier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Antoine_lavoisier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> i sin ungdom</figcaption></figure> <p>Grundstoffet carbon benævnes også både "karbon" (iflg. <a href="/wiki/Retskrivningsordbogen" title="Retskrivningsordbogen">Retskrivningsordbogen</a>) og "kulstof". <i>Carbon</i> er den stavemåde, der oftest bruges i dansk faglitteratur, og i de landsdækkende danske aviser,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> selvom denne stavemåde ikke er godkendt iflg. Retskrivningsordbogen. Navnet <i>carbon</i> kommer fra <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>carbo</i>, der betyder "kul" eller "trækul".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På <a href="/wiki/Dansk_(sprog)" title="Dansk (sprog)">dansk</a> (såvel som <a href="/wiki/Tysk_(sprog)" title="Tysk (sprog)">tysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollandsk_(sprog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandsk (sprog)">hollandsk</a> og flere andre sprog) henviser betegnelserne hhv. <i>kulstof</i>, <i>Kohlenstoff</i> og <i>koolstof</i> ligeleges til den oprindelige latinske betegnelse. </p><p>Carbon blev opdaget i forhistoriske tider, og har været kendt i form af <a href="/wiki/Sod" title="Sod">sod</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A6kul" title="Trækul">trækul</a> siden de tidligste menneskelige civilisationer. Diamanter har muligvis været kendt siden 2500 f.Kr. i Kina, mens carbon i form af trækul blev skabt i romertiden ved den samme kemi som det gøres i dag: ved at ophede træ i en <a href="/wiki/Pyramide" title="Pyramide">pyramide</a> dækket af <a href="/wiki/Ler" title="Ler">ler</a> for at lukke luft ude.<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_China_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient_China-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/250px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/330px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/500px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a></figcaption></figure> <p>I 1722 demonstrerede <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Antoine_Ferchault_de_R%C3%A9aumur" class="mw-redirect" title="René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur">René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur</a> at jern blev transformeret til stål gennem absorberingen af en substans, der nu kendes som carbon.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1772 viste <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> at diamanter er en carbonform; da han afbrændte trækul og diamant og fandt at ingen af dem producerede vand, samt at de begge udledte den samme mængde <a href="/wiki/Kuldioxid" title="Kuldioxid">carbondioxid</a> pr. <a href="/wiki/Gram_(enhed)" title="Gram (enhed)">gram</a>. I 1779,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> viste <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a> at grafit, som indtil da blev tænkt på som en form for <a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">bly</a>, i stedet var identisk med trækul men med en lille blanding af jern, og at det udledte "æterisk syre" (hans navn for carbondioxid) når det blev oxideret med salpetersyre.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1786 bekræftede de franske videnskabsmænd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Louis_Berthollet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Louis Berthollet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Claude Louis Berthollet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Gaspard Monge</a> og C. A. Vandermonde at grafit hovedsageligt var carbon ved at oxidere det i oxygen på en måde meget lig den Lavoisier havde gjort med diamant.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noget jern blev tilbage, hvilket de franske videnskabsfolk tænkte var nødvendige for grafikstrukturen. I deres offentliggørelse foreslog de navnet <i>carbone</i> (Latin <i>carbonum</i>) for grundstoffet i grafit, som blev afgivet som en gas ved afbrænding af grafitten. Antoine Lavoisier opgav derefter carbon som et <a href="/wiki/Grundstof" title="Grundstof">grundstof</a> i sin lærebog fra 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1985 blev opdaget en ny carbon-<a href="/wiki/Allotrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotrop">allotrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulleren" title="Fulleren">fulleren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den inkluderer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanostruktur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanostruktur (ikke skrevet endnu)">nanostrukturerede</a> former såsom <a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfulleren" title="Buckminsterfulleren">buckybolde</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kulstof-nanor%C3%B8r" title="Kulstof-nanorør">nanorør</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-buckyballs_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckyballs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deres opdagere – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> og <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a> – modtog <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_kemi" title="Nobelprisen i kemi">Nobelprisen i kemi</a> i 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den resulterende fornyede interesse i nye former førte til opdagelsen af yderligere eksotiske allotroper, heriblandt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glascarbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glascarbon (ikke skrevet endnu)">glascarbon</a>, og opdagelsen af at "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amorf_carbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amorf carbon (ikke skrevet endnu)">amorf carbon</a>" ikke er strengt <a href="/wiki/Amorf" title="Amorf">amorf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-glassy_carbon_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glassy_carbon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produktion">Produktion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigér afsnit: Produktion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Produktion"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grafit">Grafit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigér afsnit: Grafit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Grafit"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <span>Hovedartikel: <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">Grafit</a>.</span></span></div> <p>Der findes mange kommercielt farbare naturlige forekomster af grafit rundt omkring i verden, men de økonomisk vigtigste kilder er i <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea">Nordkorea</a>. Grafitforekomster er af <a href="/wiki/Metamorfe_bjergarter" title="Metamorfe bjergarter">metamorf</a> oprindelse, og findes i forbindelse med <a href="/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts">kvarts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glimmer" title="Glimmer">glimmer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">feldspat</a> i skifer, <a href="/wiki/Gnejs" title="Gnejs">gnejs</a> og metamorfe <a href="/wiki/Sandsten" title="Sandsten">sandsten</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kalksten" title="Kalksten">kalksten</a> som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linse_(geologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linse (geologi) (ikke skrevet endnu)">linser</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vene_(geologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vene (geologi) (ikke skrevet endnu)">vener</a>, somme tider en meter tykke eller mere. Grafitforekomster i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borrowdale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borrowdale (ikke skrevet endnu)">Borrowdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> var til at begynde med i så passende størrelse og renhed at <a href="/wiki/Blyant" title="Blyant">blyanter</a> indtil det 19. århundrede blev produceret ved ganske enkelt at save blokke af naturlig grafit i strimler, og efterfølgende indkapsle dem i træstrimler. I dag udvindes mindre grafitdepoter ved at knuse sten og flyde den lettere grafit ud på vand.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Der findes tre typer naturlig grafit — amorf, flaget eller krystallinsk flaget, og venet eller klumpet. Amorf grafit er af laveste kvalitet, men mest udbredt. I modsætning til indenfor videnskaben, henviser "amorf" i industrien til meget små krystalstørrelser snarere end total mangel på krystalstruktur. Amorf grafit bruges til grafitprodukter af lavere værdi, og er den billigste type grafit. Store forekomster af amorf grafit findes i Kina, Europa, Mexico og USA. Flage-grafit er mindre udbredt, og af højere kvalitet end amorf; det forekommer som separate plader som krystalliserede i metamorfe sten. Flage-grafit kan være fire gange så dyrt som amorf. Flager af god kvalitet kan bearbejdes til udvidelig grafit, der kan bruges til mange ting såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandh%C3%A6mmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandhæmmer (ikke skrevet endnu)">brandhæmmere</a>. De største depoter findes i Brasilien, Canada, Kina, Madagascar, Tyskland og Østrig. Venet eller klumpet grafit er den mest sjældne og mest værdifulde type naturlig grafit. Det forekommer i vener langs indgribende kontakter i solide klumper, og udvindes kun kommercielt i Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ifølge <a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a> lå produktionen af naturlig grafit på verdensplan på 1,1 millioner ton i 2010, hvoraf 800.000 t var i Kina, 130.000 t i Indien, 76.000 t i Brasilien, 30.000 t i Nordkorea og 25.000 t i Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br clear="all" /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diamant">Diamant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigér afsnit: Diamant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Diamant"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <span>Hovedartikel: <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a>.</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png/500px-Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png/960px-Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Diamantudvinding i 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>Diamant-forsyningskæden kontrolleres af et lille antal magtfulde virksomheder, og er stærkt koncentreret omkring et lille antal områder på verdensplan. </p><p>Kun en meget lille del af diamantmalm består af egentlige diamanter. Malmen bliver knust, og der tages skridt for at sikre at større diamanter ikke bliver ødelagt i processen, hvorefter partiklerne sorteres efter massefylde. I dag lokaliseres diamanter i den diamant-rige massefylde-fraktion ved hjælp af <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenstr%C3%A5ling" title="Røntgenstråling">røntgen-fluorescens</a>, hvorefter den endelige sortering foretages manuelt. Før brugen af røntgenstråling blev udbredt blev separationen gjort ved brug af fedtbælter; diamanter har en større tendens til at hænge fast i fedt end de andre mineraler i malmen.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historiske diamanter blev kun fundet i alluviale depoter i <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">det sydlige Indien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Catelle1_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catelle1-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indien var verdens førende diamantproducent fra diamanten blev opdaget i det 9. århundrede f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-Ball_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ball-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og frem til midten af det 18. århundrede e.Kr., men disse kilders kommercielle potentiale var ved slutningen af det 18. århundrede blevet opbrugt, og Indien blev derefter overhalet af Brasilien, hvor de første ikke-indiske diamanter blev fundet i 1725.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diamantproduktion fra primære depoter (kimberlitter og lamproitter) begyndte først i 1870'erne efter opdagelsen af diamantfelterne i Sydafrika. Produktionen er vokset med tiden, og en samlet mængde på 4,5 milliarder karat er blevet udvundet siden da.<sup id="cite_ref-giasummer2007_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giasummer2007-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omkring 20% af den mængde er blevet udvundet alene i de seneste 5 år, og i løbet af de sidste ti år har 9 nye miner påbegyndt produktionen, mens yderligere 4 afventer åbning. De fleste af disse er i Canada, Zimbabwe, Angola og en i Rusland.<sup id="cite_ref-giasummer2007_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giasummer2007-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I USA er der blevet fundet diamanter i <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> og <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DGemGLorenz_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGemGLorenz-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2004 blev der gjort en bemærkelsesværdig opdagelse af en mikroskopisk diamant i USA<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hvilket førte til masse-indsamling af <a href="/wiki/Kimberlit" title="Kimberlit">kimberlitrør</a> i en fjern egn af <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> i januar 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I dag findes de kommercielt mest farbare diamantdepoter i <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DDR Congo (ikke skrevet endnu)">DDR Congo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2005 producerede Rusland næsten en femtedel af den globale diamantudvinding, ifølge <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Geological_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Geological Survey (ikke skrevet endnu)">British Geological Survey</a>. Australien har det rigeste diamantførende rør med produktion der kunne nå op på 42 tons (41 long tons; 46 short tons) pr. år i 1990'erne.<sup id="cite_ref-DGemGLorenz_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGemGLorenz-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der findes også kommercielle depoter der aktivt udvindes i <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Siberien" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberien">Siberien</a> (hovedsageligt i <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Sakha_(Jakutien)" title="Republikken Sakha (Jakutien)">Jakutien</a>), Brasilien og i det nordlige og vestlige <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anvendelse">Anvendelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigér afsnit: Anvendelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Anvendelse"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mechanical_pencil_lead_spilling_out_051907.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mechanical_pencil_lead_spilling_out_051907.jpg/220px-Mechanical_pencil_lead_spilling_out_051907.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mechanical_pencil_lead_spilling_out_051907.jpg/330px-Mechanical_pencil_lead_spilling_out_051907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mechanical_pencil_lead_spilling_out_051907.jpg/440px-Mechanical_pencil_lead_spilling_out_051907.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Spidser til mekaniske blyanter er lavet af <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> (ofte mikset med et lerbaseret eller syntetisk bindemiddel).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kohlenstofffasermatte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kohlenstofffasermatte.jpg/250px-Kohlenstofffasermatte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kohlenstofffasermatte.jpg/330px-Kohlenstofffasermatte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kohlenstofffasermatte.jpg/500px-Kohlenstofffasermatte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Et stof vævet af carbonfibre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:SiC_p1390066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SiC_p1390066.jpg/220px-SiC_p1390066.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SiC_p1390066.jpg/330px-SiC_p1390066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SiC_p1390066.jpg/440px-SiC_p1390066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1206" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monokrystallinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Monokrystallinsk">Monokrystallinsk</a> <a href="/wiki/Siliciumkarbid" title="Siliciumkarbid">siliciumkarbid</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG/250px-C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG/330px-C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG/500px-C60-Fulleren-kristallin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption><i>C</i><sub>60</sub>-fullerenen i krystallinsk form</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tungsten_carbide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tungsten_carbide.jpg/220px-Tungsten_carbide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tungsten_carbide.jpg/330px-Tungsten_carbide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tungsten_carbide.jpg/440px-Tungsten_carbide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endefr%C3%A6ser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endefræser (ikke skrevet endnu)">Endefræsere</a> af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolframkarbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolframkarbid (ikke skrevet endnu)">wolframkarbid</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Carbon er essentielt for alle levende systemer, og uden det ville livet - i den form det kendes i dag - ikke kunne eksistere. Den største økonomiske anvendelse af carbon udover mad og træ er i form af carbonhydrider, navnlig <a href="/wiki/Fossilt_br%C3%A6ndstof" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossilt brændstof">fossil</a> <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metangas</a> og <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5olie" title="Råolie">råolie</a>. Råolie destilleres i <a href="/wiki/Raffinaderi" title="Raffinaderi">raffinaderier</a> til produktion af <a href="/wiki/Benzin" title="Benzin">benzin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> og andre produkter. <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">Cellulose</a> er en naturlig, carbon-indeholdende polymer, der produceres af planter i form af <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A6_(materiale)" title="Træ (materiale)">træ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bomuld" title="Bomuld">bomuld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linned" title="Linned">linned</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hampefibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampefibre">hampefibre</a>. Cellulose bruges primært til at vedligeholde planters struktur. Blandt kommercielt værdifulde carbon-polymerer af animalsk oprindelse er <a href="/wiki/Uld" title="Uld">uld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiruld" title="Kashmiruld">kashmiruld</a> og <a href="/wiki/Silke" title="Silke">silke</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plastik" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastik">Plastik</a> laves ud af syntetiske carbon-polymerer, ofte med oxygen- og nitrogenatomer inkluderet ved regelmæssige intervaller i den centrale polymerkæde. Råmaterialerne til mange af disse syntetiske stoffer kommer fra råolie. </p><p>Brugen af carbon og dets forbindelser varierer ekstremt. Det kan danne <a href="/wiki/Legering_(metal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legering (metal)">legeringer</a> med <a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">jern</a>, hvoraf den mest udbredte er <a href="/wiki/Kulstofst%C3%A5l" title="Kulstofstål">carbonstål</a>. <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">Grafit</a> kombineres med <a href="/wiki/Ler" title="Ler">ler</a> til at danne den 'bly' der bruges i <a href="/wiki/Blyant" title="Blyant">blyanter</a> til brug ved <a href="/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift">skrift</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Tegning" title="Tegning">tegning</a>. Det bruges også som et <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B8remiddel" title="Smøremiddel">smøremiddel</a> og et <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a>, som et stødemateriale i fremstilling af <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glas</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Elektrode" title="Elektrode">elektroder</a> til <a href="/wiki/Batteri_(elektricitet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batteri (elektricitet)">tørbatterier</a> og ved <a href="/wiki/Galvanisering" title="Galvanisering">galvanisering</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B8rste_(elektrisk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Børste (elektrisk) (ikke skrevet endnu)">børster</a> til <a href="/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor">elektromotorer</a> og som en <a href="/wiki/Neutron-moderator" title="Neutron-moderator">neutron-moderator</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kernereaktor" title="Kernereaktor">kernereaktorer</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A6kul" title="Trækul">Trækul</a> bruges som tegnemateriale i nogle <a href="/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst">kunstværker</a>, til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grillning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grillning (ikke skrevet endnu)">barbecuegrillning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smeltning" title="Smeltning">jernsmeltning</a>, og en lang række andre ting. Træ, kul og olie bruges som <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A6ndstof" title="Brændstof">brændstof</a> til produktion af energi og <a href="/wiki/VVS" title="VVS">varme</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamanter</a> af ædelstenskvalitet bruges i smykker, og industrielle diamanter bruges til borings-, skærings- og poleringsværktøjer til bearbejdelse af metaller og sten. Plastik laves også fra fossile carbonhydrider, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonforst%C3%A6rket_polymer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonforstærket polymer (ikke skrevet endnu)">carbonfibre</a>, skabt ved <a href="/wiki/Pyrolyse" title="Pyrolyse">pyrolyse</a> af syntetiske <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyesterfibre</a> bruges til at forstærke plastik til at danne avancerede, lette <a href="/wiki/Komposit" title="Komposit">kompositmaterialer</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonforst%C3%A6rket_polymer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonforstærket polymer (ikke skrevet endnu)">Carbonfibre</a> laves ved pyrolyse af ekstruderede og udstrakte filamenter af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyakrylnitril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyakrylnitril (ikke skrevet endnu)">polyakrylnitril</a> (PAN) og andre organiske stoffer. Fibrens krystallografiske struktur og mekaniske egenskaber afhænger af typen af startmateriale, og den efterfølgende bearbejdelse. Carbonfibre af PAN har strukturer der ligner trange grafitfilamenter, men termisk bearbejdning kan omrokere denne struktur til et kontinuerligt, rullet ark. Resultatet er fibre med højere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specifik_styrke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specifik styrke (ikke skrevet endnu)">specifik trækstyrke</a> end stål.<sup id="cite_ref-cantwell_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cantwell-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carbon_black" title="Carbon black">Carbon black</a> bruges som det sort <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> til <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A6k" title="Blæk">blæk</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Bogtryk" title="Bogtryk">bogtryk</a>, kunstneres oliemaling og vandfarver, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonpapir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonpapir (ikke skrevet endnu)">carbonpapir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tusch" title="Tusch">tusch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laserprinter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laserprinter (ikke skrevet endnu)">laserprinter</a>-<a href="/wiki/Toner" title="Toner">toner</a> og andet. Carbon black bruges også som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyldstof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyldstof (ikke skrevet endnu)">fyldstof</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ebonit" title="Ebonit">gummiprodukter</a> såsom dæk, og i <a href="/wiki/Plast" title="Plast">plastforbindelser</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktiveret_tr%C3%A6kul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktiveret trækul (ikke skrevet endnu)">Aktiveret trækul</a> bruges som en <a href="/wiki/Absorption" title="Absorption">absorbent</a> og <a href="/wiki/Adsorption" title="Adsorption">adsorbent</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filtrering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filtrering (ikke skrevet endnu)">filtermateriale</a> i ting som <a href="/wiki/Gasmaske" title="Gasmaske">gasmasker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vandrensning" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandrensning">vandrensning</a> og <a href="/wiki/Emh%C3%A6tte" title="Emhætte">emhætter</a>, og indenfor medicinen bruges det til at absorbere toxiner, giftstoffer eller gasser fra <a href="/wiki/Ford%C3%B8jelsessystemet" title="Fordøjelsessystemet">fordøjelsessystemet</a>. Carbon bruges til <a href="/wiki/Redoxreaktion" title="Redoxreaktion">kemisk reduktion</a> ved høje temperaturer. <a href="/wiki/Koks" title="Koks">Koks</a> bruges til at reducere jernmalm til jern ved smeltning. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overfladeh%C3%A6rdning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overfladehærdning (ikke skrevet endnu)">Overfladehærdning</a> af stål opnås ved at opvarme færdiglavede stålkomponenter i carbonpulver. <a href="/wiki/Karbid" title="Karbid">Carbider</a> af <a href="/wiki/Siliciumkarbid" title="Siliciumkarbid">silicium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolframkarbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolframkarbid (ikke skrevet endnu)">wolfram</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borkarbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borkarbid (ikke skrevet endnu)">bor</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titankarbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titankarbid (ikke skrevet endnu)">titan</a>, er blandt de hårdeste kendte materialer, og bruges som <a href="/wiki/Abrasiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasiv">abrasiver</a> i skære- og slibeværktøjer. Carbonforbindelser udgør størstedelen af materialet brugt i tøj, såsom naturlige og syntetiske <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstiler</a> og <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6der" title="Læder">læder</a>, og næsten alle de indre overflader i bebyggelser, udover glas, sten og metal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diamant_2">Diamant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigér afsnit: Diamant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Diamant"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamantindustrien</a> falder i to kategorier: en beskæftiger sig med diamanter af ædelsten-kvalitet og den anden med diamanter af industriel kvalitet. Mens der findes handel i begge typer diamanter, er de to markeder radikalt forskellige. </p><p>I modsætning til <a href="/wiki/%C3%86delmetal" title="Ædelmetal">ædelmetaller</a> såsom <a href="/wiki/Guld" title="Guld">guld</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">platin</a>, handles ædelstensdiamanter ikke som en <a href="/wiki/Vare" title="Vare">vare</a>: de er ekstremt dyre, og der er ikke et særlig aktivt marked for videresalg af diamanter. </p><p>Industridiamanter værdsættes normalt for deres hårdhed og evne til at lede varme, mens deres ædelstensmæssige kvaliteter såsom klarhed og farve er mere eller mindre irrelevante. Omkring 80% af udvundne diamanter (omkring 100 millioner karat eller 20 ton årligt) er uegnede til brug som ædelsten, og henvises til industrielt brug (kendt som <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bort_(diamant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bort (diamant) (ikke skrevet endnu)">bort</a>)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syntetisk_diamant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syntetisk diamant (ikke skrevet endnu)">Syntetiske diamanter</a>, opfundet i 1950'erne, blev næsten øjeblikkeligt anvendt industrielt; 3 milliarder karat (600 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tons</a>) af syntetiske diamanter bliver produceret årligt.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den mest udbredte brug af industrielle diamanter er til skæring, boring, slibning og polering. De fleste af disse kræver ikke store diamanter; faktisk ville selv de fleste diamanter af ædelstenkvalitet kunne bruges industrielt hvis det ikke var for deres lille størrelse. Diamanter indlejres i borspidser eller savklinger, eller knuses til et pulver til brug ved slibning og polering.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blandt specialiserede anvendelser er brug i laboratorier som inddæmning af højtrykseksperimenter, <a href="/wiki/Maskinleje" title="Maskinleje">maskinlejer</a> af høj kvalitet, samt begrænset brug i specialiserede <a href="/wiki/Vindue" title="Vindue">vinduer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I takt med den fortsatte udvikling indenfor produktionen af syntetiske diamanter, bliver nye anvendelser mere økonomisk farbare. En af de muligheder der vækker stor begejstring er den mulige brug af diamant som <a href="/wiki/Halvleder" title="Halvleder">halvleder</a> til brug i <a href="/wiki/Integreret_kredsl%C3%B8b" title="Integreret kredsløb">mikrochips</a>, og på grund af dens uovertrufne varmeleder-evner, som <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8leplade" title="Køleplade">køleplade</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elektronik" title="Elektronik">elektronik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forholdsregler">Forholdsregler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigér afsnit: Forholdsregler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Forholdsregler"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg/250px-Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg/330px-Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg/500px-Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4544" data-file-height="6043" /></a><figcaption>En arbejder ved en <a href="/wiki/Carbon_black" title="Carbon black">carbon black</a>-fabrik i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunray_(Texas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunray (Texas) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sunray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (1942)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ren carbon har ekstremt lav <a href="/wiki/Toksicitet" title="Toksicitet">toksicitet</a> for mennesker, og kan håndteres - og ligefrem spises - sikkert i form af grafit eller trækul. Det er modstandsdygtigt overfor opløsning eller kemisk angreb, selv i fordøjelsessystemets sure miljø. Dette betyder at når det først indføres i kroppens væv så forbliver det der med al sandsynlighed på ubestemt tid. <a href="/wiki/Carbon_black" title="Carbon black">Carbon black</a> var sandsynligvis et af de første pigmenter brugt til <a href="/wiki/Tatovering" title="Tatovering">tatoveringer</a>, og det viste sig at <a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi" title="Ötzi">mumien Ötzi</a> havde carbon-tatoveringer, som havde overlevet igennem hele hans liv og i yderligere 5200 år efter hans død.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inhalering af kulstøv eller sod (<a href="/wiki/Carbon_black" title="Carbon black">carbon black</a>) i store kvaliteter kan være farligt, irritere lungevæv og forårsage den kongestive <a href="/wiki/Lunge" title="Lunge">lungesygdom</a>, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kullunge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kullunge (ikke skrevet endnu)">kullunge</a>". Diamantstøv brugt som abrasiv kan være skadeligt hvis det indtages eller inhaleres. Carbon-mikropartikler produceres i dieselmotorers udstødningsgasser, og kan samle sig i lungerne.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I disse eksempler kan skaden opstå fra de forurenende stoffer (dvs. organiske kemikalier, tungmetaller) snarere end fra selve carbonen. </p><p>Carbon har generelt lav toksicitet for liv på Jorden; men carbon-nanopartikler er dødelige for <a href="/wiki/Bananfluer" title="Bananfluer">bananfluer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon kan brænde energisk og lyst ved tilstedeværelsen af luft ved høje temperaturer. Store ophobninger af kul, som har været urørt i hundreder af millioner af år pga. fraværet af oxygen, kan <a href="/wiki/Selvant%C3%A6ndelse" title="Selvantændelse">selvantænde</a> når der trænger luft ind i kulminers lossepladser og skibes lastrum.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Kernereaktor" title="Kernereaktor">kerne-anvendelser</a> hvor grafit bruges som <a href="/wiki/Neutron-moderator" title="Neutron-moderator">neutron-moderator</a>, kan samling af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wigner-energi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wigner-energi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Wigner-energi</a> blive fulgt af en pludselig, spontan løsrivelse. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udgl%C3%B8dning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udglødning (ikke skrevet endnu)">Udglødning</a> til mindst 250 °C kan løsne energien sikkert, omend proceduren i <a href="/wiki/Windscale-ulykken" title="Windscale-ulykken">Windscale-ulykken</a> slog fejl, hvilket fik andre reaktormaterialer til at antænde. </p><p>Den brede vifte af carbonforbindelser indeholder alt fra dødelige giftstoffer såsom <a href="/wiki/Tetrodotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrodotoxin">tetrodotoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lectin" title="Lectin">lectinen</a> <a href="/wiki/Ricin" title="Ricin">ricin</a> fra frøene af <i><a href="/wiki/Ricinus" title="Ricinus">Ricinus</a></i>-planten, <a href="/wiki/Cyanid" title="Cyanid">cyanid</a> (CN<sup>−</sup>) og <a href="/wiki/Kulilte" title="Kulilte">kulilte</a>; til livsnødvendige stoffer såsom <a href="/wiki/Glukose" title="Glukose">glukose</a> og <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px; height:67px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/120px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Forside" class="extiw" title="commons:Forside">Wikimedia Commons</a> har medier relateret til: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Carbon">Carbon</a></b></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videnskab.dk/miljo-naturvidenskab/kulstof-hvad-er-det">Kulstof - hvad er det? med Martyn Poliakoffs fantastiske video om kulstof</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/10/031017073950.htm">2003-10-17, Science Daily: New Material Breakthrough: Super-hard Graphite Cracks Diamond</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/2003/denver_2003/2759983.stm">14 February, 2003, Coal fires are 'global catastrophe'</a> Citat: "...They said that putting out the fires in China alone would cut <a href="/wiki/Carbondioxid" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbondioxid">CO<sub>2</sub></a> emissions equivalent to the volume produced by all US <a href="/wiki/Bil_(k%C3%B8ret%C3%B8j)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bil (køretøj)">automobiles</a> in a year...."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3978329.stm">3 November, 2004, BBC News: 130-year-old Chinese fire put out</a> Citat: "...The burning coal emitted 100,000 tons of harmful gases – including carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide – and 40,000 tons of ashes every year, Mr Hou told Xinhua..."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/01/040123000912.htm">2004-01-26, ScienceDaily: One Type Of Carbon So Resilient It Skews Carbon Cycle Calculations</a> Citat: "...graphitic black carbon, similar to the material found in pencil lead, turns out to be so tough..."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigér afsnit: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Noter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"carbon" ifølge <i><a href="/wiki/Kemisk_Ordbog" title="Kemisk Ordbog">Kemisk Ordbog</a></i><sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden april 2019)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"kulstof" er <a href="/wiki/Trivialnavn" title="Trivialnavn">trivialnavn</a><sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden april 2019)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"karbon" jævnfør <i><a href="/wiki/Retskrivningsordbogen" title="Retskrivningsordbogen">Retskrivningsordbogen</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men forældet skrivemåde ifølge <i>Kemisk Ordbog</i><sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden april 2019)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fodnoter">Fodnoter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redigér afsnit: Fodnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Fodnoter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11780210" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsn.dk/ro?retskriv=karbon+sb.&ae=0">karbon</a> i <i>Retskrivningsordbogen</i>. Hentet 1. april 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isotopes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isotopes_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isotopes_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isotopes_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/isot.html">"Carbon – Naturally occurring isotopes"</a>. 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Springer. s. 1–. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-7923-5323-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-7923-5323-2"><bdi>978-0-7923-5323-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hentet <span class="nowrap">2014-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Need+to+Track+Organic+Nano-Particles+Across+the+Universe%3F+NASA%27s+Got+an+App+for+That&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fames%2Fneed-to-track-organic-nano-particles-across-the-universe-nasas-got-an-app-for-that%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ACarbon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite id="CITEREFMark,_Kathleen1987" class="citation book cs1">Mark, Kathleen (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meteoritecraters0000mark_o3c4"><i>Meteorite Craters</i></a>. 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Hentet <span class="nowrap">2007-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1996+%22for+their+discovery+of+fullerenes%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1996%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ACarbon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_87-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_87-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_87-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/graphite">USGS Minerals Yearbook: Graphite, 2009</a> and Graphite: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076" /><cite id="CITEREFHarlow,_G._E.1998" class="citation book cs1">Harlow, G. 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