CINXE.COM
Power Loss
<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) Consent Mode dataLayer added by Site Kit --> <script id='google_gtagjs-js-consent-mode-data-layer'> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', {"ad_personalization":"denied","ad_storage":"denied","ad_user_data":"denied","analytics_storage":"denied","functionality_storage":"denied","security_storage":"denied","personalization_storage":"denied","region":["AT","BE","BG","CH","CY","CZ","DE","DK","EE","ES","FI","FR","GB","GR","HR","HU","IE","IS","IT","LI","LT","LU","LV","MT","NL","NO","PL","PT","RO","SE","SI","SK"],"wait_for_update":500}); window._googlesitekitConsentCategoryMap = {"statistics":["analytics_storage"],"marketing":["ad_storage","ad_user_data","ad_personalization"],"functional":["functionality_storage","security_storage"],"preferences":["personalization_storage"]}; window._googlesitekitConsents = {"ad_personalization":"denied","ad_storage":"denied","ad_user_data":"denied","analytics_storage":"denied","functionality_storage":"denied","security_storage":"denied","personalization_storage":"denied","region":["AT","BE","BG","CH","CY","CZ","DE","DK","EE","ES","FI","FR","GB","GR","HR","HU","IE","IS","IT","LI","LT","LU","LV","MT","NL","NO","PL","PT","RO","SE","SI","SK"],"wait_for_update":500}</script> <!-- End Google tag (gtag.js) Consent Mode dataLayer added by Site Kit --> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.7 (Yoast SEO v23.9) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Power Loss</title> <meta name="description" content="In the late 1990s, the formerly staid and monopolistic electric utility industry entered an era of freewheeling competition and deregulation, allowing Americ..." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262582193/power-loss/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Power Loss" /> <meta property="og:description" content="In the late 1990s, the formerly staid and monopolistic electric utility industry entered an era of freewheeling competition and deregulation, allowing Americ..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262582193/power-loss/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="MIT Press" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/mitpress" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-06-18T19:04:48+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Power Loss" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=298" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@mitpress" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="1 minute" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["WebPage","ItemPage"],"@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/book-details/","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/book-details/","name":"Book Details - MIT Press","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-12-01T14:22:19+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-18T19:04:48+00:00","description":"MIT Press - Book Details","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/book-details/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/book-details/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/book-details/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Book Details"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/#website","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/","name":"The MIT Press","description":"The MIT Press, scholarly publishing, located in Cambridge, MA USA","publisher":{"@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/#organization"},"alternateName":"MIT Press","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/#organization","name":"The MIT Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","alternateName":"The MIT Press","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/03104305/MITPcolophon_blog.jpg","contentUrl":"https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/03104305/MITPcolophon_blog.jpg","width":1050,"height":700,"caption":"The MIT Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"},"image":{"@id":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/mitpress","https://x.com/mitpress","https://www.instagram.com/mitpress","https://youtube.com/c/TheMITPress"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//js.hs-scripts.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MIT Press » Feed" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MIT Press » Comments Feed" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="MIT Press » iCal Feed" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/events/?ical=1" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sbi_styles-css' href='https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/css/sbi-styles.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='supapress-css' href='https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/supapress/includes/css/styles.min.css?ver=2.24.9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='university-press-theme-style-css' href='https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/style.css?ver=1.37.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='child-style-css' href='https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/mit-press/style.css?ver=1.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/mit-press/js/app.min.js?ver=1.0.6" id="child-scripts-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/33" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://mitpress.mit.edu/?p=33' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmitpress.mit.edu%2Fbook-details%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmitpress.mit.edu%2Fbook-details%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.140.0" /> <!-- DO NOT COPY THIS SNIPPET! Start of Page Analytics Tracking for HubSpot WordPress plugin v11.1.73--> <script class="hsq-set-content-id" data-content-id="standard-page"> var _hsq = _hsq || []; _hsq.push(["setContentType", "standard-page"]); </script> <!-- DO NOT COPY THIS SNIPPET! End of Page Analytics Tracking for HubSpot WordPress plugin --> <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://mitpress.mit.edu"><link rel="alternate" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /> <script> dataLayer = [{}]; </script> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6QXGK7CKTT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-6QXGK7CKTT'); </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=646ce5bf40353a0019caeee8&product=inline-share-buttons' async='async'></script> <link rel="icon" href="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/11131143/cropped-favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/11131143/cropped-favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/11131143/cropped-favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/11131143/cropped-favicon-270x270.png" /> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-templates page-template-template-full-width page-template-templatestemplate-full-width-php page page-id-33 wp-custom-logo fl-builder-2-8-5-1 tribe-no-js book-details"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header role="banner" id="masthead" class="site-header js-site-header"> <div class="site-branding site-container"> <div class="site-branding__logo"> <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="386" height="610" src="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo.png" class="custom-logo" alt="MIT Press" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo.png 386w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo-190x300.png 190w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo-309x488.png 309w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo-127x200.png 127w" sizes="(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px" /></a> </div> <div class="site-navigation js-site-navigation site-navigation--w-fixed-nav-logo"> <div class="site-container site-navigation__container"> <nav class="main-navigation js-main-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="main menu: press escape to close the menu"> <div class="menu-main-menu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li class="site-navigation__fixed-nav-logo"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu" role="link"><img src="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/26163520/mitp-colophon-white-black-bkg.gif" alt="MIT Press"></a></li><li id="menu-item-10853" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10853"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Books</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-77" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-77"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-121" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-121"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/subjects/">View all subjects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11089" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11089"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/new-releases/">New releases</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-85"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/catalogs/">Catalogs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9600" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9600"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/textbooks/">Textbooks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-118" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-118"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/series/">Series</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13156" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13156"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/awards/">Awards</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-117"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-76" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-76"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/authors/">Authors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9677"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/publishers/">Distributed presses</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3490" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3490"><a target="_blank" href="https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/">The MIT Press Reader</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3492" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3492"><a target="_blank" href="https://newbooksnetwork.com/category/up-partners/mit-press-podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12667" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12667"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/collections/">Collections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-124" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-124"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3434" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3434"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">MIT Press Direct</a><p class="menu-item-description">MIT Press Direct is a distinctive collection of influential MIT Press books curated for scholars and libraries worldwide.</p> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3435" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3435"><a href="https://direct.mit.edu/">Learn more</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3494" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3494"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Journals</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3495"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3497" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3497"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/journals/pages/browse_by_topic">Journals all topics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3498" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3498"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/journals/pages/browse_by_topic#econ">Economics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3499" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3499"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/journals/pages/browse_by_topic#interpol">International Affairs, History, & Political Science</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3496"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3500"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/journals/pages/browse_by_topic#artshuman">Arts & Humanities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3501" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3501"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/journals/pages/browse_by_topic#scitech">Science & Technology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11045" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-11045"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/journals/pages/open-access">Open access</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3503" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3503"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3502"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/journals" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">MIT Press journals</a><p class="menu-item-description">MIT Press began publishing journals in 1970 with the first volumes of <em>Linguistic Inquiry</em> and the <em>Journal of Interdisciplinary History</em>. Today we publish over 30 titles in the arts and humanities, social sciences, and science and technology.</p> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3504"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/journals">Learn more</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3430" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3430"><a aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3464" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3464"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-18875" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18875"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/open-access-at-mit-press/">Open access at the MIT Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18876" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18876"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/open-access-at-mit-press/initiatives/">Open access initiatives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3467"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/books/pages/direct-to-open">Direct to Open</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18847" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18847"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/open-access-at-mit-press/mit-open-publishing-services/">MIT Open Publishing Services</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3468"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-18878" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18878"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/open-access-at-mit-press/books/">Open access books</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18877" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18877"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/open-access-at-mit-press/journals/">Open access journals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11873" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-11873"><a target="_blank" href="https://mitpressonpubpub.mitpress.mit.edu/">MIT Press Open Access @ PubPub</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22126" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-22126"><a target="_blank" href="https://oecs.mit.edu/">Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3470" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3470"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10527" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10527"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/?page_id=9671" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Open access</a><p class="menu-item-description">The MIT Press has been a leader in open access book publishing for over two decades, beginning in 1995 with the publication of William Mitchell鈥檚 City of Bits, which appeared simultaneously in print and in a dynamic, open web edition.</p> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10445" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10445"><a href="/about-our-oa-program/">Learn more</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3431" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3431"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Info for</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3474" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3474"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3482" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3482"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/for-authors/">Current authors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3478" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3478"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/prospective-authors/">Prospective authors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9771" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9771"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/instructors/">Instructors</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3476" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3476"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-9665" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9665"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/media-inquiries/">Media inquiries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9664" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9664"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/booksellers/">Booksellers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3609" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3609"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/rights-permissions/">Rights and permissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3475" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3475"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3485"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Resources</a><p class="menu-item-description">Collaborating with authors, instructors, booksellers, librarians, and the media is at the heart of what we do as a scholarly publisher. If you can鈥檛 find the resource you need here, visit our contact page to get in touch.</p> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10443" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10443"><a href="/for-authors/">Learn more</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-19570" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19570"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/give-to-the-mit-press/">Give</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10854" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10854"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10441" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10441"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-11348" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11348"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10327" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10327"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/jobs/">Jobs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10328" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10328"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/internships-paid-internships-books-journals/">Internships</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10324" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10324"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/mit-press-editorial-board/">MIT Press Editorial Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10325" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10325"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/mit-press-management-board/">MIT Press Management Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14905" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14905"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/collections/our-mit-story/">Our MIT story</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-10329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10329"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10330" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10330"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/catalogs/">Catalogs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10331" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10331"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/?page_id=105">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9516" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9516"><a href="/events/">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10332" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10332"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/conferences/">Conferences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10333" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10333"><a href="http://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/">Bookstore</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-10440" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10440"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10334" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10334"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">The MIT Press</a><p class="menu-item-description">Established in 1962, the MIT Press is one of the largest and most distinguished university presses in the world and a leading publisher of books and journals at the intersection of science, technology, art, social science, and design.</p> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10442" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10442"><a href="/about">Learn more</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-11708" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11708"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <button class="icon-close show-mobile js-menu-close" id="menu-close" aria-labelledby="menu-close"> Close Menu </button> <div class="newsletter-link"> <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/newsletter/" title="Newsletter" target="_blank"> Newsletter </a> </div> <button class="search-trigger show-desktop" aria-labelledby="search-trigger-desktop" id="search-trigger-desktop"> <span>SEARCH</span> <span><img src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/mit-press/img/search.svg"/></span> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header__mobile-tools show-mobile"> <div class="site-branding__logo"> <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="386" height="610" src="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo.png" class="custom-logo" alt="MIT Press" decoding="async" srcset="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo.png 386w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo-190x300.png 190w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo-309x488.png 309w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo-127x200.png 127w" sizes="(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px" /></a> </div> <div class="newsletter-link"> <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/newsletter/" title="Newsletter" target="_blank"> Newsletter </a> </div> <div class="site-header__mobile-links"> <div class="search-trigger" id="search-trigger-mobile" tabindex="0"> <span><img src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/mit-press/img/search.svg"></span> </div> <div class="menu-trigger hamburger js-hamburger hamburger--spin js-menu-switch" tabindex="0"> <div class="hamburger-box"> <div class="hamburger-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-site-search js-header-site-search"> <aside class="widget widget_supapress_search"> <div class="site-container"> <div class="search-form__inner"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://mitpress.mit.edu/search-result-list/"> <input class="search-field" placeholder="Search" id="search-input" value="" name="keyword" title="Search:" type="search" autocomplete="keyword"/> <label class="search-form__submit"> <span class="search-form__submit__icon"> <img src=""> </span> <input class="search-submit screen-reader-text" value="Search" type="submit"> </label> </form> <button id="search-close" tabindex="-">+</button> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="predictive-container js-predictive-container" style="display:none"> <div class="site-container"> <div class="predictive-list"> <h3>Books</h3> <ul class="js-predictive-list predictive-list__inner" data-type="Products"></ul> </div> <div class="predictive-list"> <h3>Authors</h3> <ul class="js-predictive-list predictive-list__inner" data-type="Contributors"></ul> </div> <div class="predictive-list"> <h3>On the site</h3> <ul class="js-predictive-list predictive-list__inner" data-type="Content"></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <main id="main" class="site-full-width"> <div class="supapress" data-widget-params="{"series_data":"1","include_price":1}" data-ajax-url="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"><div id="product-details-32" class="product-details"> <div class="book-wrapper"> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section"> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section--breadcrumbs-social site-container"> <ul class='book-wrapper__breadcrumbs'> <li> <a href='/' title='Back to homepage'>Home</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://mitpress.mit.edu/search-result-list/?category=SCI' title='View results for science' >science</a> </li> <li>Power Loss</li> </ul> <div class="add-this__social-links book-wrapper__social-links"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons"></div> <style> div#st-1 { display: flex; } .st-btn.st-remove-label { display: block !important; } .add-this__social-links.book-wrapper__social-links img { box-shadow: none !important; } </style> </div> </div> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section--container site-container"> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section--image"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 720px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=260&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=260&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=260&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=198&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=198&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=198&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262582193.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Power Loss' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </div> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section--details"> <div class="book-wrapper__info"> <h1>Power Loss </h1> <h2>The Origins of Deregulation and Restructuring in the American Electric Utility System</h2><p class='sp__the-author'>by <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/author/richard-f-hirsh-3632" class="sp__author-link">Richard F. Hirsh</a></p> <div id="formats-accordion" class="formats-accordion"> <h3>Paperback</h3> <div class="etextbook-content"> <div class="etextbook-content__left"> <h5>$50.00</h5> </div> <div class="etextbook-content__right"> <p>Paperback</p> <p>ISBN: 9780262582193</p> <p>Pub date: July 26, 2002</p> <p>Publisher: The MIT Press</p> <p class='sp__details'><span class="sp__the-pages">424 pp.</span>, <span class="sp__the-trim-size">7 x 9 in</span>, </p> </div> <div class="etextbook-content__full"> <div class="retailer-btn-container"> <a href="https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780262582193" class="retailer-btn">MIT Press Bookstore</a><a href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/search/site/?q=9780262582193" class="retailer-btn">Penguin Random House</a><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262582198/" class="retailer-btn">Amazon</a><a href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/9780262582193/" class="retailer-btn">Barnes and Noble</a><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/2238/9780262582193" class="retailer-btn">Bookshop.org</a><a href="https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780262582193" class="retailer-btn">Indiebound</a><a href="https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/search?keywords=9780262582193&pageSize=10" class="retailer-btn">Indigo</a><a href="http://www.booksamillion.com/search?query=9780262582193&where=All" class="retailer-btn">Books a Million</a> </div> </div> </div> <h3>Hardcover</h3> <div class="etextbook-content"> <div class="etextbook-content__left"> <h5>$95.00</h5> </div> <div class="etextbook-content__right"> <p>Hardcover</p> <p>ISBN: 9780262082730</p> <p>Pub date: December 20, 1999</p> <p>Publisher: The MIT Press</p> <p class='sp__details'><span class="sp__the-pages">424 pp.</span>, <span class="sp__the-trim-size">7 x 9 in</span>, </p> </div> <div class="etextbook-content__full"> <div class="retailer-btn-container"> <a href="https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780262082730" class="retailer-btn">MIT Press Bookstore</a><a href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/search/site/?q=9780262082730" class="retailer-btn">Penguin Random House</a><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262582198/" class="retailer-btn">Amazon</a><a href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/9780262082730/" class="retailer-btn">Barnes and Noble</a><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/2238/9780262082730" class="retailer-btn">Bookshop.org</a><a href="https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780262082730" class="retailer-btn">Indiebound</a><a href="https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/search?keywords=9780262082730&pageSize=10" class="retailer-btn">Indigo</a><a href="http://www.booksamillion.com/search?query=9780262082730&where=All" class="retailer-btn">Books a Million</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book-wrapper__buy-section"> <p class='sp__details'><span class="sp__the-pages">424 pp.</span>, <span class="sp__the-trim-size">7 x 9 in</span>, </p> <div class='sp__buy-format'> <ul> <li class='sp__format'>Paperback</li> <li class='sp__isbn13'>9780262582193</li> <li class='sp__published'>Published: July 2002</li> <li>Publisher: The MIT Press</li> </ul> <p class='sp__price'>$50.00</p> </div> <div class='sp__buy-format'> <ul> <li class='sp__format'>Hardcover</li> <li class='sp__isbn13'>9780262082730</li> <li class='sp__published'>Published: December 1999</li> <li>Publisher: The MIT Press</li> </ul> <p class='sp__price'>$95.00</p> </div> <div class="sp__other-retailers sorted"> <ul> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="MIT Press Bookstore" href="https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780262582193" target="_blank">MIT Press Bookstore</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Penguin Random House" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/search/site/?q=9780262582193" target="_blank">Penguin Random House</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Amazon" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262582198/" target="_blank">Amazon</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Barnes and Noble" href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/9780262582193/" target="_blank">Barnes and Noble</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Bookshop.org" href="https://bookshop.org/a/2238/9780262582193" target="_blank">Bookshop.org</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Indiebound" href="https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780262582193" target="_blank">Indiebound</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Indigo" href="https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/search?keywords=9780262582193&pageSize=10" target="_blank">Indigo</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Books a Million" href="http://www.booksamillion.com/search?query=9780262582193&where=All" target="_blank">Books a Million</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sp__other-retailers"> <p>Other Retailers:</p> <ul> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="MIT Press Bookstore" href="https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780262582193" target="_blank">MIT Press Bookstore</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Penguin Random House" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/search/site/?q=9780262582193" target="_blank">Penguin Random House</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Amazon" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262582198/" target="_blank">Amazon</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Barnes and Noble" href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/9780262582193/" target="_blank">Barnes and Noble</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Bookshop.org" href="https://bookshop.org/a/2238/9780262582193" target="_blank">Bookshop.org</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Indiebound" href="https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780262582193" target="_blank">Indiebound</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Indigo" href="https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/search?keywords=9780262582193&pageSize=10" target="_blank">Indigo</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Books a Million" href="http://www.booksamillion.com/search?query=9780262582193&where=All" target="_blank">Books a Million</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Amazon.co.uk" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0262582198/" target="_blank">Amazon.co.uk</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Blackwells" href="https://blackwells.co.uk/bookshop/product/9780262582193" target="_blank">Blackwells</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Bookshop.org" href="https://bookshop.org/a/2238/9780262582193" target="_blank">Bookshop.org</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Foyles" href="https://www.foyles.co.uk/search?term=9780262582193" target="_blank">Foyles</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Hive" href="https://www.hive.co.uk/Search/Keyword?keyword=9780262582193&productType=0" target="_blank">Hive</a> </li> <li><a class="retail-link site-cta-button" title="Waterstones" href="https://www.waterstones.com/books/search/term/9780262582193" target="_blank">Waterstones</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book-wrapper__btn-tabs site-container"> <div class="book-wrapper__information site-container js-responsive-tabs"> <ul class="tabs"> <li class="tabs__item tabs__item--description"> <a class="tabs__link" href="#tab-1"> Description </a> </li> <li class="tabs__item tabs__item--authors"> <a class="tabs__link" href="#tab-3">Author(s)</a> </li> <li class="tabs__item tabs__item--reviews"> <a class="tabs__link" href="#tab-4">Praise</a> </li> </ul> <div id="tab-1" class="tabs__panel tabs__panel--description" style="display: none"> <div class="tabs__content"> <p>In the late 1990s, the formerly staid and monopolistic electric utility industry entered an era of freewheeling competition and deregulation, allowing American consumers to buy electricity from any company offering it. In this book, Richard F. Hirsh explains how and why this radical restructuring has occurred. Hirsh starts by describing the successful campaign waged by utility managers in the first decade of the twentieth century to protect their industry from competition. The regulated system that emerged had the unanticipated consequence of endowing utility managers with great political and economic power. Seven decades later, a series of largely unanticipated events, including technological stagnation in traditional generating equipment, the 1973 energy crisis, and the rise of the environmental movement, undermined the managers' control of the system. New players, such as academics, environmental advocates, politicians, and potential competitors, wrested control from power company managers by challenging utilities' standing as "natural monopolies" and by questioning whether their firms provided universal benefits. In other words, the once-closed system came under increasing pressure to transform itself. Hirsh follows the flow of power as this transformation occurred. He also examines the relationship between technological change and regulation, showing how innovations such as cogeneration and renewable energy technologies stimulated questions about the value of government oversight of the system. And he shows how the increasing prominence of ideas such as conservation, energy efficiency, and free markets helped propel the system toward open competition. Though the new electric utility system is still in its infancy, Hirsh's perceptive account of its birth will help readers think more rationally about its future.</p> </div> </div> <div id="tab-3" class="tabs__panel tabs__panel--authors" style="display: none"> <div class="tabs__content"> <p>Richard F. Hirsh is Professor of History and of Science and Technology Studies at Virginia Tech.</p> </div> </div> <div id="tab-4" class="tabs__panel tabs__panel--reviews" style="display: none"> <div class="tabs__content"> <blockquote> <p class="mq">Insightful, thoughtful, and understandable,<em> Power Loss</em> explores the origins of the changes with a historical perspective. A must-read for anyone trying to understand what is happening to the American electric utility industry. The principles and framework of technological and social systems used by the author reveal that the story of this industry has broader implications than just to the making of electricity. This book makes a lot of pieces fit together.</p><p class="mqr">Carl J. Weinberg, Chair, Weinberg Associates and former Manager of Research and Development, Pacific Gas and Electric Company</p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p class="mq">For history buffs and policy wonks, Hirsh delivers an absorbing story of the changing US electricity sector. Power Loss provides a well-researched map of the technology and policy trails that underpin today's industry reforms.</p><p class="mqr">Dr. Jan Hamrin, Executive Director, Center for Resource Solutions</p> </blockquote> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="js-related-books book-wrapper__related-books related-books site-container"> <h2>Related Books</h2> <div class="related-books__container"> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262551014/invention-and-innovation' title='Invention and Innovation' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551014.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551014.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551014.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551014.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551014.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551014.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551014.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Invention and Innovation' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262551007/ghost-particle' title='Ghost Particle' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551007.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551007.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551007.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551007.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551007.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551007.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262551007.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Ghost Particle' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262049153/serendipity' title='Serendipity' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049153.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049153.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049153.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049153.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049153.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049153.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049153.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Serendipity' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262049382/attention-is-discovery' title='Attention Is Discovery' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049382.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049382.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049382.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049382.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049382.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049382.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262049382.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Attention Is Discovery' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262552035/rock-bone-and-ruin' title='Rock, Bone, and Ruin' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262552035.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262552035.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262552035.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262552035.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262552035.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262552035.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262552035.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Rock, Bone, and Ruin' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262048514/juice' title='Juice' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048514.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048514.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048514.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048514.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048514.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048514.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048514.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Juice' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262548045/the-brain-abstracted' title='The Brain Abstracted' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262548045.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262548045.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262548045.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262548045.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262548045.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262548045.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262548045.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='The Brain Abstracted' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262048828/splinters-of-infinity' title='Splinters of Infinity' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048828.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048828.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048828.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048828.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048828.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048828.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048828.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Splinters of Infinity' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262549608/beyond-versus' title='Beyond Versus' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262549608.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262549608.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262549608.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262549608.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262549608.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262549608.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262549608.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Beyond Versus' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/9780262048521/a-heart-afire' title='A Heart Afire' tabindex="-1"> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048521.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048521.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048521.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048521.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=80 1x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048521.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=80 2x, https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048521.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=80 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://mit-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780262048521.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='A Heart Afire' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" tabindex="0" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </main><!-- #main --> </div><!-- #content --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-container"> <div class="site-footer__top"> <div class="site-footer__logos"> <div class="site-footer__logo"> <img src="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/mit-press/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/20143118/logo.png" alt="logo"/> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__links"> <div class="site-footer__nav"> <nav class="footer-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="footer menu"> <div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-126" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-126"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column 1</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3507" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3507"><a href="/search-result-list/?keyword=">Books</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3508"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.mitpressjournals.org/">Journals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3509"><a target="_blank" href="https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/">The MIT Press Reader</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3510" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3510"><a target="_blank" href="https://mitpress.podbean.com/">Podcasts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-128" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-128"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/imprints/">Imprints</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-129" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-129"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column 2</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3511" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3511"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/about/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">The MIT Press</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-9746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9746"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9545" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9545"><a target="_blank" href="http://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/">Bookstore</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3558" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3558"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/catalogs/">Catalogs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3520" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3520"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/conferences/">Conferences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3521" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3521"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/mit-press-editorial-board/">Press Editorial Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9590" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9590"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/jobs/">Jobs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3522" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3522"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/internships-paid-internships-books-journals/">Internships</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3526" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3526"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/mit-press-management-board/">Press Management Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3534" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3534"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/?page_id=105">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3528" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3528"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/staff/">Staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3529" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3529"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/code-of-conduct/">Code of Conduct</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-132" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-132"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column 3</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3512" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3512"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/faq/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Site Help</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21667" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21667"><a target="_blank" href="https://accessibility.mit.edu/">Accessibility at MIT</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9560" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9560"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/accessibility/">Accessibility at MIT Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3532" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3532"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/faq/">FAQ</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10499" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10499"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/our-ebooks/">Our eBooks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3533" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-3533"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10746"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/terms-use/">Terms of Use</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3514" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3514"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column 4</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3513" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3513"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Resources</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3538" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3538"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/for-authors/">Current Authors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3540" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3540"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/prospective-authors/">Prospective Authors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9750" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9750"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/booksellers/">Booksellers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9968"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/instructors/">Instructors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11042" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11042"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/rights-permissions/">Rights and Permissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9759" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9759"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/media-inquiries/">Media Inquiries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9758" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9758"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/mit-discounts/">MIT Discounts</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3515" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3515"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column 5</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3516" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3516"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Digital</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3546" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3546"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/pages/cognet">CogNet</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9757"><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/digital-partners-and-products/">Digital Partners and Products</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3548" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3548"><a target="_blank" href="https://kfg.mit.edu/">Knowledge Futures Group</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3549" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3549"><a target="_blank" href="https://direct.mit.edu/">MIT Press Direct</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> <div class="site-footer__copyright"> <nav class="legal-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="legal navigation"> <div class="menu-legal-navigation-container"><ul id="legal-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3436" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3436"><a href="#">Global</a><p class="menu-item-description">255 Main Street </br> 9th Floor Cambridge, MA 02142 </p></li> <li id="menu-item-3438" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3438"><a href="/contact-us/">Contact</a></li> </ul></div> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> <div class='site-branding__social site-footer__social'><p>Connect</p><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://bsky.app/profile/mitpress.bsky.social' target='_blank' title='Follow us on Bluesky' class='bluesky'><span class='icon-bluesky'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fmitpress' target='_blank' title='Follow us on Facebook' class='facebook'><span class='icon-facebook'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://www.instagram.com/mitpress' target='_blank' title='Follow us on Instagram' class='instagram'><span class='icon-instagram'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://www.linkedin.com/authwall?trk=ripf&trkInfo=AQF0b-btlYQe5wAAAX1dJr6A1Cn2cXCPya4ruKG7omS4Hz-Re70ocg4b_o0Z_-8YLsB8uAw2KjgobnWbr0G9uZD6PjEfCPL7K5XB0a6Jci-stw5Q3dFxMPGODx3OQh9OV1g1d7s=&originalReferer=https://mitpress.mit.edu/&sessionRedirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fcompany%2F11587565%2F' target='_blank' title='Follow us on LinkedIn' class='linkedin'><span class='icon-linkedin'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://twitter.com/mitpress' target='_blank' title='Follow us on X (formerly Twitter)' class='twitter'><span class='icon-twitter'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://youtube.com/c/TheMITPress' target='_blank' title='Follow us on YouTube' class='youtube'><span class='icon-youtube'></span></a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="site-footer__copy-right"> 漏 2024 MIT Press. All Rights Reserved. </p> <p class="site-footer__credit-link">Powered by <a href="http://www.supadu.com" target="_blank">Supadu</a></p> </div> </footer> </div><!-- #page --> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <!-- Instagram Feed JS --> <script type="text/javascript"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><script type="text/javascript" id="leadin-script-loader-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var leadin_wordpress = {"userRole":"visitor","pageType":"page","leadinPluginVersion":"11.1.73"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://js.hs-scripts.com/7809759.js?integration=WordPress&ver=11.1.73" id="leadin-script-loader-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/accordion.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-accordion-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="university-press-theme-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var universityPressThemeSettings = {"wordpressAjaxUrl":"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","site_url":"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu","default_search_page_id":"113","default_search_page_slug":"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/search-result-list\/","predictive_book_url_pattern":"\/%isbn13%\/%title%","predictive_books_no_results":"No results found","predictive_books_header":"Books","predictive_author_header":"Authors","predictive_content_header":"On the site","predictive_enable_journals":"","predictive_journals_header":"Journals","predictive_results_amount":"3","predictive_cta_copy":"View all results","search_mobile_open_text":"OPEN +","search_mobile_close_text":"CLOSE -","fixed_header_breakpoint":"950","show_google_preview_label":"Preview This Book"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/js/all.min.js?ver=1.37.1" id="university-press-theme-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/google-site-kit/dist/assets/js/googlesitekit-consent-mode-3d6495dceaebc28bcca3.js" id="googlesitekit-consent-mode-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="supapress-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var supapress_config = {"angularjs_support":"false","blog_details":{"site_url":"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/supapress/includes/js/scripts.min.js?ver=2.24.9" id="supapress-js"></script> </body> </html>