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Ambacht (handwerk) - Wikipedia
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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Algemeen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algemeen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Algemeen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algemeen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambachtseconomie_in_Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambachtseconomie_in_Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ambachtseconomie in Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambachtseconomie_in_Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambachtsbranches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambachtsbranches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ambachtsbranches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambachtsbranches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samenwerking_van_ambachtslieden_in_Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samenwerking_van_ambachtslieden_in_Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Samenwerking van ambachtslieden in Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samenwerking_van_ambachtslieden_in_Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambacht (handwerk)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 49 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwerk" title="Handwerk – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Handwerk" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9" title="حرفة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handweak" title="Handweak – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Handweak" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Рамяство – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рамяство" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Рамяство – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рамяство" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98emeslo" title="Řemeslo – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řemeslo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crefft" title="Crefft – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Crefft" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5ndv%C3%A6rk" title="Håndværk – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Håndværk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwerk" title="Handwerk – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Handwerk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Τεχνική – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεχνική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craft" title="Craft – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Craft" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metio" title="Metio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="صنعتگری – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صنعتگری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoonwerk" title="Hoonwerk – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hoonwerk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" title="工藝 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="工藝" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="शिल्पकर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिल्पकर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajinan" title="Kerajinan – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajinan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestiero" title="Mestiero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mestiero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handverk" title="Handverk – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Handverk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%8A%B8" title="工芸 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="工芸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawuri" title="Tawuri – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tawuri" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Қолөнер – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қолөнер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%98%88" title="공예 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공예" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%87%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA" title="Кол өнөрчүлүк – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кол өнөрчүлүк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwierk" title="Handwierk – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Handwierk" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng%C4%A7a" title="Sengħa – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Sengħa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwark" title="Handwark – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Handwark" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handverk" title="Handverk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Handverk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5ndverk" title="Håndverk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Håndverk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzemios%C5%82o" title="Rzemiosło – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rzemiosło" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Ремесло – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Ремесло" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Ремесло – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ремесло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanatstvo" title="Zanatstvo – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zanatstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4" title="ශිල්ප – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශිල්ප" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craft" title="Craft – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Craft" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remeslo" title="Remeslo – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Remeslo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrt" title="Obrt – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obrt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zejtaria" title="Zejtaria – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zejtaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Занатство – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Занатство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantverk" title="Hantverk – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hantverk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzymios%C5%82o" title="Rzymiosło – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rzymiosło" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கைவினைக் கலைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கைவினைக் கலைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_i%C5%9Fi" title="El işi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="El işi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Кәсеп – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кәсеп" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Ремесло – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ремесло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunarmandchilik" title="Hunarmandchilik – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hunarmandchilik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mest%C3%AE" title="Mestî – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mestî" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA" title="工艺 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="工艺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" title="工藝 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="工藝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2207288#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ambacht_(handwerk)" 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Metselaar_ets.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Metselaar_ets.gif/260px-Metselaar_ets.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Metselaar_ets.gif/390px-Metselaar_ets.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Metselaar_ets.gif 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Metselaar op ets van <a href="/wiki/Jan_Luyken" title="Jan Luyken">Jan Luyken</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>ambacht</b> is handwerk dat wordt aangeleerd om een <a href="/wiki/Beroep" title="Beroep">beroep</a> mee uit te oefenen. Het ambacht heeft met de <a href="/wiki/Industrie" title="Industrie">industrie</a> gemeen, dat beide zich richten op de productie en verwerking van materiële <a href="/wiki/Goed_(economie)" title="Goed (economie)">goederen</a> of waren. Ook in het ambacht kan een zekere graad van <a href="/wiki/Mechanisering" title="Mechanisering">mechanisering</a> en <a href="/wiki/Automatisering" title="Automatisering">automatisering</a> tegenwoordig niet ontbreken. De industrie onderscheidt zich echter door de combinatie van het <a href="/wiki/Fabriekssysteem" title="Fabriekssysteem">fabrieksmatige</a> en grootschaligheid. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Algemeen">Algemeen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Algemeen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Algemeen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De ambachten kunnen worden onderverdeeld: </p> <ul><li><i>Museale ambachten</i> zijn de sinds de <a href="/wiki/Industrialisatie" title="Industrialisatie">industrialisatie</a> vrijwel verdwenen ambachten. Vaak worden ze nog slechts beoefend als demonstratie voor een museumpubliek, bijvoorbeeld in het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands_Openluchtmuseum" title="Nederlands Openluchtmuseum">Nederlands Openluchtmuseum</a> te Arnhem, <a href="/wiki/Oude_Ambachten_%26_Speelgoed_Museum" title="Oude Ambachten & Speelgoed Museum">Oude Ambachten & Speelgoed Museum</a> in Terschuur of in het <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzeemuseum" title="Zuiderzeemuseum">Zuiderzeemuseum</a> in Enkhuizen. <dl><dd>Voorbeelden: <a href="/wiki/Klomp" title="Klomp">klompenmaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Touwslager" title="Touwslager">touwslager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandenvlechter" title="Mandenvlechter">mandenvlechter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pottenbakken" title="Pottenbakken">pottenbakker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bezembinder" title="Bezembinder">bezembinder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eendenkooi" title="Eendenkooi">kooiker</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ganzenvangen" title="Ganzenvangen">ganzenvanger</a>.</dd></dl></li> <li><i>Hedendaagse ambachten</i> <dl><dd>Voorbeelden: <a href="/wiki/Timmerman" title="Timmerman">timmerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metselaar" title="Metselaar">metselaar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smid" title="Smid">smid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakker_(beroep)" title="Bakker (beroep)">bakker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slager_(beroep)" title="Slager (beroep)">slager</a>.</dd></dl></li></ul> <p>In de tijd van de <a href="/wiki/Gilde_(beroepsgroep)" title="Gilde (beroepsgroep)">gilden</a> werd een ambacht in de praktijk geleerd. De "leerling" die de basisvaardigheden beheerste, werd "<a href="/wiki/Gezel" title="Gezel">gezel</a>" genoemd; na het afleggen van de <a href="/wiki/Meesterproef" title="Meesterproef">meesterproef</a> werd de ambachtsman "meester". De keurmeester kon beslissen wie er meester werd. Onder andere in <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a> werden de gilden aangeduid als ambachten.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In de 19e eeuw werden in Nederland de eerste <a href="/wiki/Ambachtsschool" title="Ambachtsschool">ambachtsscholen</a> gesticht. Dit type onderwijs is inmiddels onderdeel van het <a href="/wiki/Voorbereidend_middelbaar_beroepsonderwijs" title="Voorbereidend middelbaar beroepsonderwijs">vmbo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambachtseconomie_in_Nederland">Ambachtseconomie in Nederland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ambachtseconomie in Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ambachtseconomie in Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De ambachtseconomie is een belangrijke sector in de Nederlandse economie. In de sector werken ruim 800.000 vakmensen in 420.000 ambachtelijke ondernemingen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 84% daarvan betreft een bedrijf met 1 werkzaam persoon. De totale omzet van de Nederlandse ambachtseconomie omvat in 2013 € 165 miljard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambachtsbranches">Ambachtsbranches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ambachtsbranches" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ambachtsbranches"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv/260px-seek%3D59-Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="195" data-durationhint="73" data-mwtitle="Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Bestand:Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv/Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv.360p.webm#t=00:00:01" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv#t=00:00:01" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv/Verdwijnend_beroep_in_West_Friesland-518414.ogv.240p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:01" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polygoonjournaal" title="Polygoonjournaal">Bioscoopjournaal</a> uit december 1950. Het maken van een <a href="/wiki/Hul_(muts)" title="Hul (muts)">hul</a>, de kanten hoofddoek van de Westfriese vrouwen.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Two_Butchers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Two_Butchers.jpg/260px-Two_Butchers.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Two_Butchers.jpg/390px-Two_Butchers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Two_Butchers.jpg/520px-Two_Butchers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="928" /></a><figcaption>Slagers aan het werk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Workshop_luthier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Workshop_luthier.jpg/260px-Workshop_luthier.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Workshop_luthier.jpg/390px-Workshop_luthier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Workshop_luthier.jpg/520px-Workshop_luthier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Werkplaats van vioolbouwer</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Boy_meets_barber.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Boy_meets_barber.JPG/260px-Boy_meets_barber.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Boy_meets_barber.JPG/390px-Boy_meets_barber.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Boy_meets_barber.JPG/520px-Boy_meets_barber.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Kapper aan het werk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Velden_Christkindlmarkt_Schmied_Demo_16122007_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Velden_Christkindlmarkt_Schmied_Demo_16122007_21.jpg/260px-Velden_Christkindlmarkt_Schmied_Demo_16122007_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Velden_Christkindlmarkt_Schmied_Demo_16122007_21.jpg/390px-Velden_Christkindlmarkt_Schmied_Demo_16122007_21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Velden_Christkindlmarkt_Schmied_Demo_16122007_21.jpg/520px-Velden_Christkindlmarkt_Schmied_Demo_16122007_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Demonstratie van een <a href="/wiki/Smid" title="Smid">smid</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Swanson_Shoe_Repair_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Swanson_Shoe_Repair_18.jpg/260px-Swanson_Shoe_Repair_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Swanson_Shoe_Repair_18.jpg/390px-Swanson_Shoe_Repair_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Swanson_Shoe_Repair_18.jpg/520px-Swanson_Shoe_Repair_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Schoenreparatie</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:MorganWoodworking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/MorganWoodworking.jpg/260px-MorganWoodworking.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/MorganWoodworking.jpg/390px-MorganWoodworking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/MorganWoodworking.jpg/520px-MorganWoodworking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Houtbewerking</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Voedingsambacht <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banketbakker" title="Banketbakker">Banketbakkersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJsfabriek" title="IJsfabriek">Consumptie-ijsbereidingsbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slager_(beroep)" title="Slager (beroep)">Slagersbedrijf</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Productieambacht <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keramiek" title="Keramiek">Fijnkeramischbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maatoverhemden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maatoverhemden (de pagina bestaat niet)">Maatoverhemdenbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenmaker_(beroep)" title="Schoenmaker (beroep)">Schoenmakersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modisterijbedrijf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modisterijbedrijf (de pagina bestaat niet)">Modisterijbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziekinstrumentenmaker" title="Muziekinstrumentenmaker">Muziekinstrumentenmakersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natuursteen" title="Natuursteen">Natuursteenbedrijf</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Uiterlijke-verzorgingsambacht <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapper" title="Kapper">Kappersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimeur" title="Grimeur">Grimeurs</a>- en toneelkappersbedrijf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoonheidsspecialist" title="Schoonheidsspecialist">Schoonheidsverzorgingsbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedicure" title="Pedicure">Voetverzorgingsbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visagie" title="Visagie">Visagisten</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Gebouwverzorgend ambacht <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasbewassing" title="Glasbewassing">Glazenwassersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoorsteenveger" title="Schoorsteenveger">Schoorsteenvegersbedrijf</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Medische hulpmiddelentechniek <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optica" title="Optica">Optiekbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopedie" title="Orthopedie">Orthopedisch</a> schoentechnisch bedrijf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandheelkunde" title="Tandheelkunde">Tandtechnisch laboratoriumbedrijf</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Reparatieambacht consumptiegoederen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fietsenmaker" title="Fietsenmaker">Fietsherstellersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goudsmid" title="Goudsmid">Goud- en zilversmidsbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleermaker" title="Kleermaker">Kledingreparatiebedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leer_(stof)" title="Leer (stof)">Lederwarenambacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naaimachine" title="Naaimachine">Naaimachinebedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenmaker_(beroep)" title="Schoenmaker (beroep)">Schoenherstellersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Textielreiniging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Textielreiniging (de pagina bestaat niet)">Textielreinigingsbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klok_(tijd)" title="Klok (tijd)">Uurwerkmakersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadel_(dier)" title="Zadel (dier)">Zadelmakersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoefsmid" title="Hoefsmid">Hoefsmid</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Bouwambacht <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stratenmaker" title="Stratenmaker">Bestratingsbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakwerker" title="Dakwerker">Dakdekkersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasbewerking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasbewerking (de pagina bestaat niet)">Glasbewerkingsbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glazenier" title="Glazenier">Glazeniersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natuursteen" title="Natuursteen">Natuursteenbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parket_(vloerbedekking)" title="Parket (vloerbedekking)">Parketvloerenleggersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieten_dak" title="Rieten dak">Rietdekkersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huisschilder" title="Huisschilder">Schildersbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metselaar" title="Metselaar">Voegbedrijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonwering" title="Zonwering">Zonweringsbedrijf</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samenwerking_van_ambachtslieden_in_Nederland">Samenwerking van ambachtslieden in Nederland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Samenwerking van ambachtslieden in Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Samenwerking van ambachtslieden in Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voorheen waren er een aantal organisaties die zich inzetten voor samenwerkingsmogelijkheden voor ambachtslieden in Nederland, zoals het Hoofdbedrijfschap Ambachten en het Centrum voor Ambachtseconomie.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sinds 2016 zet AmbachtNederland zich in voor een sterkere <a href="/wiki/Ambachtseconomie" title="Ambachtseconomie">ambachtseconomie</a> en de continuïteit van ambachtelijk branches en bedrijven. Dit gebeurt bijvoorbeeld door de instroom van ambachtelijk ondernemers te bevorderen via de Ambachtsacademie. Een opleidingsstructuur volgens het leerling-gezel-meester systeem. In 2023 is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ambachtnederland.nl">AmbachtNederland</a> als coöperatie van ambachtelijk ondernemers, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gemaaktinnederland.nl">Gemaakt in Nederland</a> gestart. Een online platform waar ambachtelijk ondernemers gezamenlijk hun bedrijf en ambacht zichtbaar maken. En samen werken aan meer waardering voor ambachtelijk vakmanschap en meer vakbekwame instroom in ambachtelijke branches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambacht_(handwerk)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beroep" title="Beroep">Beroep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilde_(beroepsgroep)" title="Gilde (beroepsgroep)">Gilde (beroepsgroep)</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Ubachs" title="Pierre Ubachs">Pierre J.H. Ubachs</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Evers" title="Ingrid Evers">Ingrid M.H. Evers</a></span> (2005): <i><a href="/wiki/Historische_Encyclopedie_Maastricht" title="Historische Encyclopedie Maastricht">Historische Encyclopedie Maastricht</a></i>, p. 25: 'ambacht, algemeen'. Walburg Pers, Zutphen / <a href="/wiki/Regionaal_Historisch_Centrum_Limburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg">RHCL</a>, Maastricht. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-5730-399-X" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-5730-399-X">ISBN 90-5730-399-X</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517160035/http://www.cvae.nl/ambachtseconomie-in-cijfers">https://web.archive.org/web/20160517160035/http://www.cvae.nl/ambachtseconomie-in-cijfers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916233500/https://www.cvae.nl/">https://web.archive.org/web/20160916233500/https://www.cvae.nl/</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crafts#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Crafts">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crafts#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Crafts">Crafts</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐59856bd7d8‐qz7dc Cached time: 20241119193838 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.076 seconds Real time usage: 0.523 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 305/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2280/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 450/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1673/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.005/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 638404/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 67.976 1 -total 50.43% 34.281 1 Sjabloon:Commonscat 49.47% 33.630 1 Sjabloon:Appendix 46.47% 31.588 1 Sjabloon:References 42.93% 29.183 1 Sjabloon:Zusterproject_box 15.44% 10.496 1 Sjabloon:ISBN 10.58% 7.194 2 Sjabloon:First_non_empty 3.70% 2.517 1 Sjabloon:InterProject 2.70% 1.833 1 Sjabloon:Aut --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:88996:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241119193838 and revision id 67284321. 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