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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jean-Claude Bouquet</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Claude_Bouquet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Jean-Claude_Bouquet.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1819-09-07</span>)</span>September 7, 1819<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Morteau" title="Morteau">Morteau</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 9, 1885<span style="display:none">(1885-09-09)</span> (aged 66)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Variation of double integrals</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a>, Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">Mathematician</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jean-Claude Bouquet</b> (7 September 1819 – 9 September 1885<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a French mathematician who worked with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Briot" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Briot">Charles Briot</a> on <a href="/wiki/Doubly_periodic_functions" class="mw-redirect" title="Doubly periodic functions">doubly periodic functions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bouquet became friends with Briot at the Lycée and wanted to become a mathematics teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-Mactutor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mactutor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Claude_Bouquet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The son of a farmer, Jean Claude Bouquet studied at the secondary school level in Lyon, where he obtained Bachelor of Arts and Science degrees. From 1839 to 1842, he studied science at the <a href="/wiki/Ecole_Normale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecole Normale">Ecole Normale</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>, where he obtained a degree in mathematics and physics in 1841. France was in the midst of the revolution of 1830. </p><p>Appointed an associate for the mathematics classes at colleges on September 16. 1842, he was immediately appointed to replace the elementary maths teacher at the Royal College of Marseille. In 1843, he obtained a PhD in Mathematical Sciences with a master thesis on variation of double integrals. In October 1845, at the age of 26, he became professor of pure mathematics at the Faculty of Sciences of Lyon.<sup id="cite_ref-Mactutor_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mactutor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He remained there seven years, then obtained the class of special mathematics at the Bonaparte high school in Paris in October 1852. He was called to replace Joseph-Alfred Serret in the chair of calculus and integral calculus of the Faculty of Sciences of Paris during the second semester 1855-1856. In October 1858, he became professor of the special mathematics class at Lycee Louis-le-Grand, replacing Jules Vieille as inspector. He is on leave of absence in 1867-68 (supplemented by Gaston Darboux), then is appointed lecturer of descriptive geometry and differential and integral calculus at the École normale supérieure on October 31, 1868 (replacing Victor Puiseux).<sup id="cite_ref-Dict_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dict-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parallel to his teaching high school and the Ecole Normale Supérieure, he assumed the faculty of science during the second half of 1865. He was elected member of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a> in 1875. He was appointed Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a> on 13 August 1858 and Officer on 31 December 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-Mactutor_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mactutor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bouquet was a respected teacher as well as researcher. It was rare for collaborative joint research papers such as those that Bouquet completed.<sup id="cite_ref-Mactutor_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mactutor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His student, Jules Tannery, praised him highly as a teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Claude_Bouquet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recherche-archives.doubs.fr/ark:/25993/a011307347308PmRIrl/2/1">"Table décennale des actes civils de Morteau"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220558/http://recherche-archives.doubs.fr/ark:/25993/a011307347308PmRIrl/2/1">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+d%C3%A9cennale+des+actes+civils+de+Morteau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frecherche-archives.doubs.fr%2Fark%3A%2F25993%2Fa011307347308PmRIrl%2F2%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Claude+Bouquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouquet1843" class="citation book cs1">Bouquet, Jean-Claude (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr/ead.html?id=TH_000062_001"><i>Sur la variation des intégrales doubles. Suivi du Programme d'une thèse d'astronomie</i></a>. Paris: Bachelier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220415/http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr/ead.html?id=TH_000062_001">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sur+la+variation+des+int%C3%A9grales+doubles.+Suivi+du+Programme+d%27une+th%C3%A8se+d%27astronomie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Bachelier&rft.date=1843&rft.aulast=Bouquet&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjubilotheque.upmc.fr%2Fead.html%3Fid%3DTH_000062_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Claude+Bouquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mactutor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mactutor_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mactutor_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mactutor_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mactutor_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation web cs1">O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.html">"Jean Claude Bouquet Biography"</a>. <i>Mactutor History of Mathematics</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820131156/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mactutor+History+of+Mathematics&rft.atitle=Jean+Claude+Bouquet+Biography&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J+J&rft.au=Robertson%2C+E+F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Claude+Bouquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dict-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dict_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFItard" class="citation web cs1">Itard, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/bouquet-jean-claude">"Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i>. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225030832/https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/bouquet-jean-claude">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Biography+in+Dictionary+of+Scientific+Biography&rft.aulast=Itard&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fscience%2Fdictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases%2Fbouquet-jean-claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean+Claude+Bouquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTannery1885" class="citation book cs1">Tannery, J. (1885). <i>Jean Claude Bouquet, Mémorial de l'Association des anciens élèves de l'École normale</i>. 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