CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://rsf.org/en/country/south-sudan" /> <meta property="og:title" content="South Sudan" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Reporters sans frontières assure la promotion et la défense de la liberté d'informer et d'être informé partout dans le monde. L'organisation, basée à Paris, compte des bureaux à l'international (Berlin, Bruxelles, Genève, Madrid, Stockholm, Tripoli, Tunis, Vienne et Washington DC) et plus de 150 correspondants répartis sur les cinq continents." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="South Sudan" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Reporters sans frontières assure la promotion et la défense de la liberté d'informer et d'être informé partout dans le monde. L'organisation, basée à Paris, compte des bureaux à l'international (Berlin, Bruxelles, Genève, Madrid, Stockholm, Tripoli, Tunis, Vienne et Washington DC) et plus de 150 correspondants répartis sur les cinq continents." /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/apple-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/android-icon-192x192.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicons/manifest.json" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/rsf/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://rsf.org/fr/pays-soudan-du-sud" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://rsf.org/en/country/south-sudan" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://rsf.org/es/pais/sud%C3%A1n-del-sur" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt-br" href="https://rsf.org/pt-br/pais/sud%C3%A3o-do-sul" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://rsf.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fa" href="https://rsf.org/fa/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" /> <title>South Sudan | RSF</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_FpCaZ1AQLNa-IffBybkId9Dc4DvLhAGFjGlvccfciY0.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=rsf&include=eJxFzDEOwyAMRuEL0XjuaZABB5AcQP6N1Ny-UZcOb3nDZzijc6angBsuFyWGBMNJVWdifcFv7aOGxcbVeDVQsb1Yj_859lg7aUeTEuCcVN40ZvlBUT6cvc_x0DYvcZOYG5vjCxcnMSE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.typekit.net/zdt8pge.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_9pSP2gszjleT0A9jFCFCf0-6cP5ZDF1S25nnWzU-RWk.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=rsf&include=eJxFzDEOwyAMRuEL0XjuaZABB5AcQP6N1Ny-UZcOb3nDZzijc6angBsuFyWGBMNJVWdifcFv7aOGxcbVeDVQsb1Yj_859lg7aUeTEuCcVN40ZvlBUT6cvc_x0DYvcZOYG5vjCxcnMSE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_8NDL-j2HAMpWRyEnDCXYZF3HVbTETRfY7vNxjyDOZXA.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=rsf&include=eJxFzDEOwyAMRuEL0XjuaZABB5AcQP6N1Ny-UZcOb3nDZzijc6angBsuFyWGBMNJVWdifcFv7aOGxcbVeDVQsb1Yj_859lg7aUeTEuCcVN40ZvlBUT6cvc_x0DYvcZOYG5vjCxcnMSE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_tYH076a9rZcBs6K8IsTrUPfv_uCUYwJM0ZKTDENLfc8.css?delta=4&language=en&theme=rsf&include=eJxFzDEOwyAMRuEL0XjuaZABB5AcQP6N1Ny-UZcOb3nDZzijc6angBsuFyWGBMNJVWdifcFv7aOGxcbVeDVQsb1Yj_859lg7aUeTEuCcVN40ZvlBUT6cvc_x0DYvcZOYG5vjCxcnMSE" /> </head> <body class="path-taxonomy header-transparent"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="layout-container"> <header role="banner"> <div class="header-wrapper"> <div class="lien-logo block block-rsf-common block-rsf-common-logos-header" id="block-rsflogoheader"> <a href="/en"><svg width="190" height="48" viewBox="0 0 190 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M76.6759 27.2993H75.728V32.2616H73.5029V20.0321H76.8788C79.3134 20.0321 80.0185 20.7372 80.0185 22.8991V24.562C80.0185 25.8226 79.6293 26.5875 78.8012 26.98L80.1881 32.2616H77.8899L76.6759 27.2993ZM75.728 22.0875V25.4501H76.8688C77.534 25.4501 77.7701 25.2405 77.7701 24.3392V23.1984C77.7701 22.2971 77.5473 22.0875 76.8688 22.0875H75.728Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M87.2162 32.2682H81.7051V20.0321H87.2162V22.164H83.9434V24.8647H87.0665V26.8935H83.9434V30.1363H87.2162V32.2682Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M91.0378 28.3337V32.2616H88.8027V20.0321H92.1486C94.5832 20.0321 95.3948 20.9002 95.3948 23.0487V25.3769C95.3948 27.4623 94.5832 28.3337 92.1486 28.3337H91.0378ZM91.0378 22.0875V26.4113H92.1287C92.8338 26.4113 93.163 26.1419 93.163 25.0443V23.4379C93.163 22.3569 92.8304 22.0875 92.1287 22.0875H91.0378Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M100.394 32.3448C97.8428 32.3448 96.7852 31.1109 96.7852 28.6031V23.694C96.7852 21.1863 97.8428 19.9557 100.394 19.9557C102.945 19.9557 104.012 21.1863 104.012 23.694V28.6031C104.012 31.1076 102.948 32.3415 100.394 32.3415V32.3448ZM100.394 22.0311C99.4492 22.0311 99.0135 22.4368 99.0135 23.9535V28.3637C99.0135 29.867 99.4492 30.2561 100.394 30.2561C101.338 30.2561 101.774 29.867 101.774 28.3637V23.9468C101.774 22.4302 101.338 22.0244 100.394 22.0244" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M108.801 27.2993H107.857V32.2616H105.618V20.0321H108.997C111.432 20.0321 112.137 20.7372 112.137 22.8991V24.562C112.137 25.8226 111.745 26.5875 110.92 26.98L112.317 32.2616H110.018L108.801 27.2993ZM107.857 22.0875V25.4501H108.997C109.663 25.4501 109.899 25.2405 109.899 24.3392V23.1984C109.899 22.2971 109.672 22.0875 108.997 22.0875H107.857Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M117.543 22.2671V32.2682H115.304V22.2671H113.398V20.0321H119.448V22.2671H117.543Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M126.533 32.2682H121.021V20.0321H126.533V22.164H123.257V24.8647H126.383V26.8935H123.257V30.1363H126.533V32.2682Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M131.298 27.2993H130.354V32.2616H128.115V20.0321H131.494C133.926 20.0321 134.631 20.7372 134.631 22.8991V24.562C134.631 25.8226 134.242 26.5875 133.417 26.98L134.814 32.2616H132.515L131.298 27.2993ZM130.354 22.0875V25.4501H131.494C132.16 25.4501 132.396 25.2405 132.396 24.3392V23.1984C132.396 22.2971 132.17 22.0875 131.494 22.0875H130.354Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M139.746 30.3759C140.571 30.3759 140.977 30.1364 140.977 29.3249V28.1974C140.977 27.5322 140.724 27.3293 139.161 26.9967C136.833 26.3814 136.204 25.7362 136.204 24.0532V22.8393C136.204 20.7805 137.268 19.9557 139.716 19.9557C142.164 19.9557 143.215 20.9535 143.215 23.0954V24.326H140.977V23.2583C140.977 22.3138 140.571 21.9513 139.673 21.9513C138.775 21.9513 138.439 22.2373 138.439 22.9889V23.9468C138.439 24.5754 138.695 24.7583 140.272 25.1009C142.527 25.6264 143.215 26.275 143.215 28.0943V29.4612C143.215 31.5034 142.134 32.3315 139.716 32.3315C137.298 32.3315 136.204 31.4901 136.204 29.1619V27.765H138.439V28.9657C138.439 30.0167 138.891 30.3626 139.746 30.3626" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M73.1143 35.6874H75.2928L76.1641 44.1552L77.3781 35.6874H79.4801L80.6974 44.1552L81.5688 35.6874H83.744L82.3471 47.9235H79.54L78.4457 40.0277L77.3182 47.9235H74.5245L73.1143 35.6874Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M87.5294 35.6874H85.291V47.9235H87.5294V35.6874Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M93.233 37.9257V47.9235H90.998V37.9257H89.0889V35.6874H95.1421V37.9257H93.233Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M101.312 42.6087H98.9405V47.9235H96.7021V35.6874H98.9405V40.357H101.312V35.6874H103.564V47.9235H101.312V42.6087Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M108.775 48C106.224 48 105.156 46.7694 105.156 44.2616V39.3492C105.156 36.8414 106.224 35.6108 108.775 35.6108C111.326 35.6108 112.393 36.8414 112.393 39.3492V44.2616C112.393 46.7694 111.329 48 108.775 48V48ZM108.775 37.6896C107.83 37.6896 107.395 38.0953 107.395 39.6119V44.0255C107.395 45.5288 107.83 45.9179 108.775 45.9179C109.719 45.9179 110.158 45.5288 110.158 44.0255V39.6053C110.158 38.0887 109.723 37.6829 108.775 37.6829" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M120.812 35.6874V44.0654C120.812 47.0222 119.957 48 117.406 48C114.855 48 113.98 47.0222 113.98 44.0654V35.6874H116.219V44.1719C116.219 45.5022 116.578 45.9113 117.406 45.9113C118.234 45.9113 118.59 45.4923 118.59 44.1719V35.6874H120.812Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M126.536 37.9257V47.9235H124.297V37.9257H122.392V35.6874H128.441V37.9257H126.536Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M133.966 35.6874H137.292C139.407 35.6874 140.159 36.3526 140.159 38.0754V39.5455C140.159 40.4934 139.74 41.1087 138.416 41.2716C140.039 41.4379 140.564 42.173 140.564 43.4202V45.296C140.564 47.0987 139.71 47.9235 137.305 47.9235H133.966V35.6874ZM136.204 37.5333V40.6264H137.122C137.678 40.6264 137.93 40.4468 137.93 39.5621V38.5809C137.93 37.7262 137.678 37.5299 137.122 37.5299L136.204 37.5333ZM136.204 42.4124V46.071H137.302C138.02 46.071 138.323 45.8315 138.323 44.8237V43.5931C138.323 42.6186 138.02 42.4058 137.302 42.4058L136.204 42.4124Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M145.736 48C143.185 48 142.117 46.7694 142.117 44.2616V39.3492C142.117 36.8414 143.185 35.6108 145.736 35.6108C148.287 35.6108 149.354 36.8414 149.354 39.3492V44.2616C149.354 46.7694 148.29 48 145.736 48V48ZM145.736 37.6896C144.791 37.6896 144.356 38.0953 144.356 39.6119V44.0255C144.356 45.5288 144.791 45.9179 145.736 45.9179C146.68 45.9179 147.119 45.5288 147.119 44.0255V39.6053C147.119 38.0887 146.684 37.6829 145.736 37.6829" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M154.148 42.9546H153.203V47.9235H150.965V35.6874H154.344C156.775 35.6874 157.48 36.3925 157.48 38.5543V40.2173C157.48 41.4778 157.091 42.2461 156.266 42.6353L157.65 47.9235H155.355L154.148 42.9546ZM153.203 37.7428V41.1087H154.344C155.009 41.1087 155.245 40.8958 155.245 39.9978V38.8537C155.245 37.9557 155.019 37.7428 154.344 37.7428H153.203Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M159.176 35.6874H162.525C165.186 35.6874 166.13 36.7683 166.13 39.5022V44.112C166.13 46.8426 165.199 47.9235 162.525 47.9235H159.176V35.6874ZM161.414 37.7428V45.8681H162.512C163.473 45.8681 163.909 45.4623 163.909 43.8393V39.7849C163.909 38.1486 163.473 37.7428 162.512 37.7428H161.414Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M173.255 47.9235H167.744V35.6874H173.255V37.8193H169.983V40.5233H173.106V42.5488H169.983V45.7916H173.255V47.9235Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M178.024 42.9546H177.076V47.9235H174.838V35.6874H178.217C180.652 35.6874 181.357 36.3925 181.357 38.5543V40.2173C181.357 41.4778 180.964 42.2461 180.139 42.6353L181.536 47.9202H179.238L178.024 42.9546ZM177.076 37.7428V41.1087H178.217C178.882 41.1087 179.118 40.8958 179.118 39.9978V38.8537C179.118 37.9557 178.896 37.7428 178.217 37.7428H177.076Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M186.472 46.031C187.297 46.031 187.703 45.7916 187.703 44.98V43.8559C187.703 43.1907 187.447 42.9845 185.887 42.6552C183.559 42.0399 182.927 41.3913 182.927 39.7117V38.4944C182.927 36.439 183.994 35.6108 186.442 35.6108C188.89 35.6108 189.941 36.6086 189.941 38.7505V39.9811H187.703V38.9135C187.703 37.9656 187.297 37.6064 186.396 37.6064C185.494 37.6064 185.165 37.8891 185.165 38.6408V39.602C185.165 40.2339 185.421 40.4135 186.998 40.7594C189.249 41.2849 189.941 41.9301 189.941 43.7527V45.1197C189.941 47.1618 188.86 47.9867 186.442 47.9867C184.024 47.9867 182.927 47.1585 182.927 44.8304V43.4335H185.165V44.6375C185.165 45.6884 185.614 46.031 186.472 46.031Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M69.5784 8.72062V0H31.8955V0.0831486C35.707 0.0831486 40.1305 0.196231 43.6527 1.61641C44.9032 2.12972 46.0269 2.90911 46.9459 3.90043C47.8649 4.89175 48.557 6.07125 48.9742 7.35698C49.3738 8.58732 49.5824 9.87163 49.5928 11.1652C49.5928 12.5321 49.5928 13.194 49.5928 14.561H39.7514C39.7514 13.337 39.7514 12.3226 39.7514 11.0987C39.7514 10.0809 39.8545 8.10532 38.0884 8.10532C36.4986 8.10532 36.4654 9.72838 36.4654 10.7262C36.4654 11.9867 36.4654 13.0377 36.4654 14.2982C36.4654 16.6696 37.8855 17.8537 38.717 18.469C40.1705 19.5399 43.3933 21.4257 44.6139 22.3503C45.9312 23.315 47.0337 24.5427 47.8519 25.9557C48.67 27.3686 49.1858 28.9361 49.3667 30.5588C49.4775 31.4326 49.5386 32.3121 49.5496 33.1929C49.5762 34.7761 49.5795 36.3625 49.5496 37.9457C49.5575 39.7578 49.1297 41.5452 48.3024 43.1574C46.3767 46.7295 43.7292 47.8537 39.6849 47.8537V47.9368H59.6405V28.6031H69.2658V20.0321H59.6206V8.72395L69.5784 8.72062Z" fill="#101010"/> <path d="M39.6885 33.7783C39.6885 32.0355 38.8836 30.6885 37.5333 29.6707C36.6885 29.0288 32.5643 26.4379 31.4601 25.633C29.9801 24.5163 28.7812 23.0694 27.959 21.4076C27.1368 19.7458 26.7139 17.915 26.7239 16.061V11.4047C26.7239 6.59202 25.8559 4.25388 24.3093 2.71729C22.4501 0.874723 19.3603 0 14.4911 0H0V47.9235H10.0443V28.5532H12.3359C12.7344 28.5536 13.1212 28.6874 13.4347 28.9334C13.7482 29.1794 13.9703 29.5233 14.0654 29.9102L18.4723 47.9235H36.5854V47.8404C33.5089 47.8404 31.8958 47.4446 29.6874 45.3492C27.4789 43.2539 26.7106 40.5765 26.7106 37.51C26.7106 36.3692 26.7106 33.7949 26.7106 33.7949H36.5687C36.5687 35.1951 36.592 36.4557 36.592 37.8559C36.592 38.99 36.7384 40.2472 38.1785 40.2472C39.469 40.2472 39.6818 38.9368 39.6818 37.6364C39.6818 36.3359 39.6818 35.112 39.6818 33.7783H39.6885ZM16.6796 17.0255C16.6796 20.5344 15.8016 21.3492 13.1674 21.3492H10.0443V8.24501H13.1674C15.8016 8.24501 16.6796 9.06652 16.6796 12.5687V17.0255Z" fill="#101010"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="navburger"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </div> <div class="region region-header"> <div id="block-rsfmenuprincipalblock" class="block block-rsf-common block-rsf-menu-main-block"> <nav class="header_nav-items" aria-label="Navigation principale"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><span class="link-lvl-1" tabIndex="0">Get informed</span><div class="header_sub"><div class="header_sub-left"><div class="header_sub-rte"><h3 class="title">Get informed</h3> <div class="description"><p><span lang="EN-US">Our goal: to leave no breach of freedom of information unreported. Discover our world press freedom ranking, our latest investigation reports as well as our publications produced every day by our regional offices, in connection with our network of correspondents in 115 countries around the world.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="header_sub-quicklink"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/index">Press freedom Index</a></li><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/barometer">Abuses worldwide in real time</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="header_sub-right"><div class="link-lvl2"><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Countries and regions</span><div class="link-lvl3"><div class="link-lvl4 child-3"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Africa</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/en/country/angola">Angola</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/benin">Benin</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/botswana">Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/burkina-faso">Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/burundi">Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/cabo-verde">Cabo Verde</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/cameroon">Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/central-african-republic">Central African Republic</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/chad">Chad</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/comoros">Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/congo-brazzaville">Congo-Brazzaville</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/democratic-republic-congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/djibouti">Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/equatorial-guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/eritrea">Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/eswatini">Eswatini</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/gabon">Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/gambia">Gambia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/guinea">Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/guinea-bissau">Guinea Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/ivory-coast">Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/kenya">Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/lesotho">Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/liberia">Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/madagascar">Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/malawi">Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/mali">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/mauritania">Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/mauritius">Mauritius</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/mozambique">Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/namibia">Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/niger">Niger</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/nigeria">Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/rwanda">Rwanda</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/senegal">Senegal</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/seychelles">Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/sierra-leone">Sierra Leone</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/somalia">Somalia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-sudan">South Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/sudan">Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/tanzania">Tanzania</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/togo">Togo</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/uganda">Uganda</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/zambia">Zambia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/en/region/africa">Learn about the region</a></div> </div> </li><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Americas</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/en/country/argentina">Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/belize">Belize</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/bolivia">Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/chile">Chile</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/colombia">Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/costa-rica">Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/dominican-republic">Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/ecuador">Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/el-salvador">El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/guatemala">Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/guyana">Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/en/country-haiti">Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/honduras">Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/jamaica">Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/en/country-oecs">OECS</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/panama">Panama</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/paraguay">Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/peru">Peru</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/suriname">Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/en/taxonomy/term/632">The Bahamas</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/trinidad-and-tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/united-states">United States</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/uruguay">Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/en/region/americas">Learn about the region</a></div> </div> </li><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Asia - Pacific</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/en/country/afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/bhutan">Bhutan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/brunei">Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/china">China</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/fiji">Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/hong-kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/india">India</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/laos">Laos</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/maldives">Maldives</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/mongolia">Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/nepal">Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/new-zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/north-korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/papua-new-guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/samoa">Samoa</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-korea">South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/sri-lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/timor-leste">Timor-Leste</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/tonga">Tonga</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/en/region/asia-pacific">Learn about the region</a></div> </div> </li><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Europe - Central Asia</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/en/country/albania">Albania</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/andorra">Andorra</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/armenia">Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/austria">Austria</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/belarus">Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/bosnia-herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/en/country-czechia">Czechia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/finland">Finland</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/france">France</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/georgia">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/greece">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/iceland">Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/italy">Italy</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country-kosovo">Kosovo</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/malta">Malta</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/moldova">Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/montenegro">Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/north-macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/northern-cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/norway">Norway</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/poland">Poland</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/russia">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/serbia">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/spain">Spain</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/sweden">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country-t%C3%BCrkiye">Türkiye</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/ukraine">Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/united-kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/en/region/europe-central-asia">Learn about the region</a></div> </div> </li><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Middle East - North Africa</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/en/country/algeria">Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/bahrain">Bahrain</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/iraq">Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/jordan">Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/kuwait">Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/libya">Libya</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/morocco-western-sahara">Morocco / Western Sahara</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/oman">Oman</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/palestine">Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/qatar">Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/saudi-arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/syria">Syria</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/tunisia">Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/united-arab-emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/en/region/middle-east-north-africa">Learn about the region</a></div> </div> </li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="link-lvl2"><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Subjects</span><div class="link-lvl3"><div class="link-lvl4 child-3"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/en/subject/arbitrary-detention-and-proceedings">Arbitrary detention and proceedings</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/digital-space-and-democracy">Digital space and democracy</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/disinformation-and-propaganda">Disinformation and propaganda</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/independence-and-pluralism">Independence and pluralism</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/international-laws-and-governance">International laws and governance</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/legal-framework-and-justice-system">Legal framework and justice system</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/media-sustainability">Media sustainability</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/models-and-good-practices">Models and good practices</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/technological-censorship-and-surveillance">Technological censorship and surveillance</a></li><li><a href="/en/subject/violence-against-journalists">Violence against journalists</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/fr/publications">Our publications</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/index">World ranking</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/barometer">Barometer</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/fr/rapports">Reports</a></div> </div> </div> </li><li><span class="link-lvl-1" tabIndex="0">Our projects</span><div class="header_sub"><div class="header_sub-left"><div class="header_sub-rte"><h3 class="title">Our projects</h3> <div class="description"><p>To make a lasting change, we carry out in-depth work with governments and institutions. We offer concrete solutions and launch international initiatives. We are on the ground to assist journalists in danger. Anywhere and anytime.</p> </div> </div> <div class="header_sub-quicklink"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/index">Press freedom Index</a></li><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/barometer">Abuses worldwide in real time</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="header_sub-right"><div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/propagandamonitor">Propaganda monitor</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"></div> <div class="link-lvl2"></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/information-and-democracy">Information & Democracy</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/collateral-freedom">Collateral Freedom</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/protect-journalists">Protect journalists</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/journalism-trust-initiative">Journalism Trust Initiative</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/press-freedom-centers">Press Freedom Centers</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/assistance-journalists-and-media">Assistance to journalists and media</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/digital-security-lab">Digital Security Lab</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/svoboda-satellite">Svoboda satellite</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"></div> </div> </div> </li><li><span class="link-lvl-1" tabIndex="0">Get involved</span><div class="header_sub"><div class="header_sub-left"><div class="header_sub-rte"><h3 class="title">Get involved</h3> <div class="description"><p>Do you believe there can be no freedom of conscience without freedom of the press? Do you want to help free and independent journalism, and those who embody it? Do you want to defend the right to information? There are several ways to support RSF: find the one that suits you and join the fight!</p> </div> </div> <div class="header_sub-quicklink"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/index">Press freedom Index</a></li><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/barometer">Abuses worldwide in real time</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="header_sub-right"><div class="link-lvl2"><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Support us</span><div class="link-lvl3"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://donate.rsf.org/b/mon-don?cid=32&_cv=1" target="_blank">Make a donation</a></li><li><a href="/en/join-reporters-without-borders">Join</a></li><li><a href="https://boutique.rsf.org/" target="_blank">Buy RSF's photo book</a></li><li><a href="/en/node/79146">Bequests and donations</a></li><li><a href="/en/become-sponsor">Become a donor</a></li><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/make-crypto-donation">Make a crypto donation</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/campagnes">Our campaigns</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/fr/nos-petitions">Sign our petitions</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/work-rsf-0">Join RSF</a></div> <div class="header_mea"><div class="epingle_menu taxonomy-term vocabulary-pays-region" id="taxonomy-term-44"> <div class="content"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li><span class="link-lvl-1" tabIndex="0">Know us</span><div class="header_sub"><div class="header_sub-left"><div class="header_sub-rte"><h3 class="title">Know us</h3> <div class="description"><p>Go behind the scenes of RSF and discover in detail our operations, our teams, our funding, our governance… but also our favourite picks, partners, projects and events we support and who act in their own way to advance our commmon ideal.</p> </div> </div> <div class="header_sub-quicklink"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/index">Press freedom Index</a></li><li><a href="https://rsf.org/en/barometer">Abuses worldwide in real time</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="header_sub-right"><div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/who-are-we">Who are we?</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">Organisation</span><div class="link-lvl3"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/en/governance">Governance</a></li><li><a href="/en/team">Team</a></li><li><a href="/en/finance-and-supports">Financial transparency and supporters</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/rsf-supports">RSF supports...</a></div> <div class="link-lvl2"></div> <div class="link-lvl2"><a href="/en/contact-us">Contact us</a></div> </div> </div> </li></ul></div></nav> </div> <div class="wrapper-don block block-rsf-common block-rsf-faire-don-block" id="block-rsffaireundon"> <div><a href="https://donate.rsf.org/b/my-donation">Make a donation</a></div> </div> <div role="search" id="block-rsfformulaireverslarecherche" class="block block-rsf-search block-rsf-search-search-form"> <button class="search-loop" aria-label="Search" aria-expanded="false">Search</button> <div id="search_form_display"><div class="search-form-wrapper"><form class="ows-search-views-keyword-form" data-drupal-selector="ows-search-views-keyword-form" role="search" action="/en/recherche" method="get" id="ows-search-views-keyword-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-type-search js-form-item-text form-item-text"> <input placeholder="Rechercher" data-drupal-selector="edit-text" type="search" id="edit-text" name="text" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-search" /> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="ows-edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-submit" type="submit" id="ows-edit-submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface" id="block-selecteurdelangue" role="navigation"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91"><a href="/fr/pays-soudan-du-sud" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91">Français</a></li><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91" class="is-active"><a href="/en/country/south-sudan" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91">English</a></li><li hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91"><a href="/es/pais/sud%C3%A1n-del-sur" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91">Español</a></li><li hreflang="pt-br" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91"><a href="/pt-br/pais/sud%C3%A3o-do-sul" class="language-link" hreflang="pt-br" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91">Portuguese</a></li><li hreflang="ar" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91"><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" class="language-link" hreflang="ar" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91">العربية</a></li><li hreflang="fa" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91"><a href="/fa/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" class="language-link" hreflang="fa" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/91">فارسی</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="region region-alerte"> <div class="bandeaux block block-rsf-bandeau-alerte block-rsf-bandeau-alerte-bandeaux-block" id="block-rsf-bandeaux-alerte-block"> <div><div data-bandeau-id="5" class="bandeau"> <button class="bandeau__close">Fermer</button> <div class="bandeau__cta"> <div class="field field--name-field-titre-long field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">2024 RSF PRESS FREEDOM AWARDS IN WASHINGTON, DC ON 12/3 </div> <div class="field field--name-field-lien field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.eventbrite.fr/e/2024-rsf-press-freedom-awards-tickets-976165044927?aff=oddtdtcreator" class="cta-fort">GET YOUR $20 TICKETS HERE</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="layout-content"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-rsf-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="pays taxonomy-term vocabulary-pays-region" id="taxonomy-term-91"> <div class="content"> <div class="header-wrapper"> <div class="header-wrapper-content"> <div class="text-wrapper"><a href="/en/region/africa" class="surtitre" hreflang="en">Africa</a><div class="titre">South Sudan</div> <div class="text-analyse field field--name-field-accroche field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">-</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-visuel field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20.08 15.77"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff;fill-rule:evenodd;}</style></defs><g id="Calque_2" data-name="Calque 2"><g id="SS"><polygon class="cls-1" points="20.05 12.14 19.89 12.01 19.75 11.85 19.66 11.66 19.57 11.51 19.52 11.18 19.41 10.97 19.3 10.72 19.14 10.24 19.07 10.07 18.95 9.96 18.81 9.86 18.67 9.64 18.3 9.45 18.15 9.31 17.91 9.05 17.85 8.92 17.83 8.79 17.75 8.67 17.61 8.54 17.19 8.25 17.07 8.21 16.92 8.18 16.69 8.15 16.39 8.09 16.13 7.97 16.01 7.89 15.98 7.84 16.01 7.74 16.1 7.58 16.28 7.2 16.41 6.94 16.49 6.87 16.73 6.85 16.97 6.85 17.15 6.87 17.4 6.88 17.71 6.85 17.83 6.77 17.92 6.67 17.96 6.6 17.98 6.43 17.98 6.3 17.96 5.77 17.94 5.45 17.93 5.09 17.93 5.01 17.93 5.01 17.59 5.01 17.59 5.01 17.58 5 17.58 5 17.57 4.98 17.56 4.93 17.55 4.85 17.56 4.71 17.6 4.55 17.72 4.32 17.72 4.3 17.73 4.29 17.73 4.28 17.71 4.23 17.7 4.2 17.69 4.14 17.71 4.02 17.72 3.99 17.71 3.94 17.7 3.91 17.62 3.71 17.6 3.68 16.82 3.04 16.67 2.87 16.66 2.85 16.64 2.85 16.24 2.7 16.22 2.69 16.22 2.66 16.23 2.64 16.28 2.55 16.29 2.53 16.3 2.5 16.12 1.15 16.12 1.12 16.13 1.1 16.13 1.09 16.16 1.06 16.18 1.04 16.2 0.98 16.21 0.96 16.23 0.72 16.23 0.51 16.33 0.16 16.35 0.01 15.48 0 15.48 0.01 15.48 0.02 15.48 0.03 15.48 0.04 15.48 0.06 15.47 0.11 15.47 0.13 15.47 0.15 15.49 0.24 15.51 0.3 15.51 0.32 15.51 0.34 15.51 0.39 14.31 0.39 14.79 0.92 14.79 0.93 14.8 0.96 14.8 0.98 14.81 1.17 14.79 1.46 14.79 1.65 14.82 1.77 14.95 2.02 14.94 2.06 14.91 2.12 14.06 2.84 14.04 2.87 13.92 3.17 13.8 3.34 13.75 3.39 13.56 3.64 12.78 4.4 12.65 4.45 12.27 4.47 12.06 4.48 12.04 4.49 12 4.5 11.98 4.52 11.96 4.53 11.93 4.52 11.9 4.5 11.43 4.08 10.57 3.54 10.49 3.58 10.01 3.82 9.91 3.88 9.86 3.92 9.85 4.18 9.77 4.31 9.62 4.46 9.2 4.55 8.98 4.63 8.76 4.74 8.73 4.77 8.73 4.77 8.64 4.85 8.47 5.02 8.46 5.14 8.48 5.26 7.04 5.25 6.95 5.16 6.75 4.76 6.74 4.76 6.59 4.78 5.29 4.74 5.1 4.78 4.72 4.94 4.54 4.97 4.34 4.9 3.65 4.1 3.5 4 3.45 3.95 3.35 3.81 3.2 3.73 3.15 3.67 3.13 3.58 3.14 3.41 3.09 3.3 2.98 3.27 2.06 3.46 1.92 3.44 1.73 3.47 1.66 3.5 1.58 3.61 1.57 3.72 1.57 3.83 1.54 3.94 1.47 4.06 1.21 4.33 1.15 4.45 1.16 4.74 1.15 4.89 1.11 4.96 0.99 5.08 0.95 5.14 0.93 5.24 0.93 5.43 0.9 5.52 0.76 5.75 0.73 5.83 0.72 6 0.69 6.05 0.28 6.18 0.12 6.27 0.02 6.4 0 6.45 0.09 6.47 0.13 6.56 0.06 6.82 0.11 6.99 0.26 7.13 0.41 7.19 0.56 7.22 1.06 7.31 1.27 7.41 1.55 7.72 1.9 8 1.99 8.15 1.97 8.29 1.87 8.45 1.88 8.52 2.04 8.69 2.23 8.86 2.56 9.05 3.15 9.34 3.41 9.54 3.5 9.69 3.65 9.85 3.86 10 4 10.12 3.9 10.44 3.93 10.55 3.98 10.64 4.11 10.77 4.15 10.93 4.27 11.13 4.42 11.23 4.66 11.26 4.78 11.36 5.05 11.52 5.3 11.66 5.41 11.76 5.48 11.84 5.54 11.95 5.57 12.05 5.57 12.27 5.62 12.54 5.75 12.72 5.88 12.86 5.94 12.99 6.04 13.12 6.35 13.34 6.45 13.46 6.53 13.59 6.57 13.7 6.67 13.78 6.81 13.84 6.92 13.9 6.99 13.99 7.1 14.09 7.3 14.23 7.4 14.23 7.52 14.25 7.62 14.28 7.73 14.27 7.91 14.19 8.11 14.04 8.27 13.95 8.65 13.98 8.87 14.05 9.04 14.16 9.17 14.15 9.46 13.96 9.61 13.76 9.76 13.71 9.98 13.8 10.17 13.99 10.33 14.27 10.45 14.37 10.61 14.54 10.92 14.89 11.33 15.06 11.49 15.15 11.54 15.24 11.57 15.35 11.58 15.48 11.63 15.53 11.74 15.51 11.83 15.49 11.94 15.53 12.01 15.62 12.04 15.69 12.08 15.77 12.14 15.68 12.25 15.51 12.46 15.35 12.65 15.24 12.78 15.24 13.02 15.33 13.24 15.43 13.36 15.44 13.51 15.39 13.81 15.21 13.89 15.27 13.98 15.38 14.07 15.56 14.27 15.64 14.36 15.7 14.43 15.72 14.46 15.7 14.54 15.56 14.62 15.48 14.79 15.38 15.15 15.3 15.4 15.28 15.51 15.26 15.69 15.22 15.98 15.07 16.26 15.26 16.57 15.3 16.87 15.3 16.96 15.24 17.01 15.19 17.32 14.88 17.75 14.46 18.11 14.1 18.48 13.74 18.95 13.28 19.38 12.86 19.75 12.5 20.08 12.17 20.05 12.14"/></g></g></svg></div> <div class="popin-classement preview-pays"><div class="current-year"><div>Index 2024</div> <div class="position"><span class="general bg-color-4"></span> <span class="rang"><span class="current">136</span>/ 180</span> </div> <div class="score current">Score : 42.57</div> <div class="indicateurs-wrapper"><div><div class="indicateur-title">Political indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">144</div> <div class="indicateur-score">31.34</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">Economic indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">91</div> <div class="indicateur-score">43.75</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">Legislative indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">116</div> <div class="indicateur-score">52.04</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">Social indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">130</div> <div class="indicateur-score">48.21</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">Security indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">148</div> <div class="indicateur-score">37.52</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="prev-year"><div>Index 2023</div> <div class="position"><span class="rang"><span class="current down">118</span>/ 180</span> </div> <div class="score current">Score : 50.62</div> <div class="indicateurs-wrapper"><div><div class="indicateur-title">Political indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">114</div> <div class="indicateur-score">49.46</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">Economic indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">78</div> <div class="indicateur-score">48.32</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">Legislative indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">110</div> <div class="indicateur-score">56.06</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">Social indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">141</div> <div class="indicateur-score">47.73</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">Security indicator</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">123</div> <div class="indicateur-score">51.54</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper-block-sticky"> <div class="content-block-sticky"> <div class="wrapper-sticky-anchors"><div class="item-list"><ul class="links"><li><span class="label-anchor-highlight">South Sudan</span> </li><li><a href="/en/country/south-sudan#media-outlets-7197">Media outlets</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-sudan#politics-7199">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-sudan#laws-7201">Laws</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-sudan#economy-7203">Economy</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-sudan#society-7205">Society</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-sudan#safety-7207">Safety</a></li><li><a href="/en/country/south-sudan#all-posts">Press releases</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="wrapper-social-shared"><div class="title">Partager</div> <div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://rsf.org/en/country/south-sudan" class="link-shared-social link-social-facebook" target="_blank">facebook</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=https://rsf.org/en/country/south-sudan" class="link-shared-social link-social-twitter" target="_blank">twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://rsf.org/en/country/south-sudan" class="link-shared-social link-social-linkedin" target="_blank">linkedin</a></li><li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#704f2305121a1513044d231f05041850230514111e56111d004b121f14094d18040400034a5f5f0203165e1f02175f151e5f131f051e0402095f031f0504185d030514111e" class="mailto-link">Email</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="content-node"></div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-chapo field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>Freedom of the press is extremely precarious in South Sudan, where journalists work under constant threat and intimidation, and where censorship is ever-present</span><strong>.</strong></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-contenu-editorial field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="media-outlets-7197">Media landscape</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>Radio is the most popular medium in South Sudan, with more than 40 radio stations operating in the country’s 10 states. The main ones – </span><em>Miara, Eye Radio, </em><span>and</span><em> Catholic Radio Network </em><span>–</span><em> </em><span>face intimidation attempts and censorship from the authorities. There are two state-owned TV broadcasters, the national </span><em>South Sudan Broadcasting Corporation</em><span> and the regional </span><em>EBC</em><span>, and six newspapers, four published in English and two in Arabic. Only two of the English-language newspapers – </span><em>No. 1 Citizen </em><span>and </span><em>City Review – </em><span>are free of government influence.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="politics-7199">Political context</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>Most of South Sudan’s political leaders apply a great deal of pressure to impose their agenda on the media. National TV and radio suffer greatly from a lack of independence. If their programmes don’t toe the government line, they are threatened and sanctioned and their journalists are exposed to the possibility of arrest. Media shutdowns nonetheless became less frequent after the Media Authority (MA), the regulatory body, was established in 2017. Officials from the National Security Service (NSS) often raid news media or printing plants in order to censor specific content. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="laws-7201">Legal framework</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>In 2013 and 2014, the President enacted the Media Authority Act, the Broadcasting Corporation Act, and the Right of Access to Information Act, which constitute the legal framework for the promotion of press freedom and access to information. But these laws have not prevented repeated and continuous press freedom violations by government officials and the NSS.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="economy-7203">Economic context</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>Media ownership is highly concentrated and has created dominant players. State-owned media and media backed by politicians tend to receive more advertising than their privately owned counterparts. Taxes and the cost of officially registering a media outlet are very high, leaving the media short of funds and creating a favourable environment for corruption. Economic constraints have forced several media outlets to close in recent years.  </span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="society-7205">Sociocultural context</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>The civil war that broke out in December 2013, pitting supporters of the president against those of the vice president, revived ethnic conflicts that affect journalists’ work. Reporters belonging to one ethnic group cannot cover events in parts of the country where another ethnic group dominates. Women journalists have been denied authorisation to conduct interviews and cover events.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="safety-7207">Safety</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify" dir="ltr"><span>At least nine journalists have been killed since 2014, including the independent British-American war reporter </span><strong>Christopher Allen</strong><span>. who was shot and described as a “white rebel” by the authorities. The authorities waited more than six years after his assassination before announcing the opening of an investigation. Almost all crimes of violence against journalists go unpunished. Both local and foreign media professionals who try to provide independent reporting are exposed to reprisals, such as execution, torture, kidnapping, arbitrary detention, poisoning, harassment, etc. In the face of these dangers, many decide to shutdown their newspapers or leave the country. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strates field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--barometre-exactions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="barometre-exactions-wrapper"> <div class="wrapper-top"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Abuses in real time in South Sudan</h2> </div> <a href="/en/barometer" class="go-to-barometre"></a> </div> <div class="barometre-real-time"><div class="exaction-pays--content real-time--content"><div class="chart-card tue"><div class="chart-card--text-wrapper"><div class="chart-card--title">Killed since 1st January 2024</div> <div class="chart-card--journaliste"><span>0</span> journalists</div> <div class="chart-card--media"><span>0</span> media workers</div> </div> <div class="doughnut-wrapper"><canvas class="doughnut" data-total="0" data-line1="0" data-line2="0" data-empty="true"></canvas> <div class="doughnut--total">0</div> </div> </div> <div class="chart-card emprisonnement"><div class="chart-card--text-wrapper"><div class="chart-card--title">Detained as of today</div> <div class="chart-card--journaliste"><span>0</span> journalists</div> <div class="chart-card--media"><span>0</span> media workers</div> </div> <div class="doughnut-wrapper"><canvas class="doughnut" data-total="0" data-line1="0" data-line2="0" data-empty="true"></canvas> <div class="doughnut--total">0</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--aller-plus-loin paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="wrapper-aller-loin"><div class="wrapper-top"><div class="wrapper-left"><h2 id="all-posts" class="title title-h2">All posts</h2> </div> <a href="/press_releases">All posts</a></div> <div class="wrapper-articles"> <article class="node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="wrapper-infos"> <div class="wrapper-thematiques"> <a href="/en/subject/legal-framework-and-justice-system" class="link">Legal framework and justice system</a><a href="/en/subject/international-laws-and-governance" class="link">International laws and governance</a><a href="/en/subject/violence-against-journalists" class="link">Violence against journalists</a><a href="/en/news?types%5B%5D=36" class="article wrapper-bundle">News</a> <div class="field field--name-field-date-publication field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2024-04-05T13:57:18Z" class="datetime">05.04.2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <a href="/en/south-sudan-failed-investigation-perpetuates-impunity-killing-journalist-christopher-allen" class="field-group-link" hreflang="en"> <div class="text-wrapper"> <div class="title">South Sudan: Failed investigation perpetuates impunity for the killing of journalist Christopher Allen</div> <div class="field field--name-field-accroche field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">The government of South Sudan has demonstrated a clear failure to conduct a credible investigation and has further obstructed the path to justice into the 2017 killing.</div> </div> </a> </div> <a href="/en/south-sudan-failed-investigation-perpetuates-impunity-killing-journalist-christopher-allen" class="field-group-link" hreflang="en"> <div class="field field--name-field-visuel field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article data-focal-point="50% 50%" class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_teaser/public/medias/image/2024/04/CP%20Christopher%20Allen%205%20years_%20%281%29.png?h=f860b134&itok=QTavZzpu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png" width="297" height="200"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablette_teaser/public/medias/image/2024/04/CP%20Christopher%20Allen%205%20years_%20%281%29.png?itok=OFsvAJLh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 641px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="129" height="52"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_teaser/public/medias/image/2024/04/CP%20Christopher%20Allen%205%20years_%20%281%29.png?h=f860b134&itok=TT163-sw 1x" media="all and (max-width: 640px)" type="image/png" width="64" height="64"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_teaser/public/medias/image/2024/04/CP%20Christopher%20Allen%205%20years_%20%281%29.png?h=f860b134&itok=TT163-sw" width="64" height="64" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </article> </div> </a> </div> </article> <article class="node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="wrapper-infos"> <div class="wrapper-thematiques"> <a href="/en/subject/legal-framework-and-justice-system" class="link">Legal framework and justice system</a><a href="/en/subject/technological-censorship-and-surveillance" class="link">Technological censorship and surveillance</a><a href="/en/news?types%5B%5D=36" class="article wrapper-bundle">News</a> <div class="field field--name-field-date-publication field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2023-12-27T15:30:11Z" class="datetime">27.12.2023</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <a href="/en/south-sudan-arbitrary-suspension-daily-al-watan-after-publication-president-s-letter-condolence" class="field-group-link" hreflang="en"> <div class="text-wrapper"> <div class="title">South Sudan: arbitrary suspension of the daily Al-Watan after publication of president’s letter of condolence to Israel</div> <div class="field field--name-field-accroche field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">South Sudanese authorities have indefinitely banned access to the independent Arabic-language daily Al-Watan offices, after the newspaper published a letter of condolence that they have sent to Israel.</div> </div> </a> </div> <a href="/en/south-sudan-arbitrary-suspension-daily-al-watan-after-publication-president-s-letter-condolence" class="field-group-link" hreflang="en"> <div class="field field--name-field-visuel field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article data-focal-point="50% 50%" class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_teaser/public/medias/image/2023/12/CPSoudan%20du%20Sud4.png?h=3fbf7f55&itok=b2eF7WZK 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png" width="297" height="200"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablette_teaser/public/medias/image/2023/12/CPSoudan%20du%20Sud4.png?itok=pWZREts8 1x" media="all and (min-width: 641px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="129" height="52"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_teaser/public/medias/image/2023/12/CPSoudan%20du%20Sud4.png?h=3fbf7f55&itok=TWYD018U 1x" media="all and (max-width: 640px)" type="image/png" width="64" height="64"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_teaser/public/medias/image/2023/12/CPSoudan%20du%20Sud4.png?h=3fbf7f55&itok=TWYD018U" width="64" height="64" alt="Sud Soudan médias presse liberté journalisme Al-Watan" /> </picture> </div> </article> </div> </a> </div> </article> <article class="node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="wrapper-infos"> <div class="wrapper-thematiques"> <a href="/en/subject/legal-framework-and-justice-system" class="link">Legal framework and justice system</a><a href="/en/subject/international-laws-and-governance" class="link">International laws and governance</a><a href="/en/subject/violence-against-journalists" class="link">Violence against journalists</a><a href="/en/news?types%5B%5D=36" class="article wrapper-bundle">News</a> <div class="field field--name-field-date-publication field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2023-10-05T14:23:03Z" class="datetime">05.10.2023</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <a href="/en/south-sudan-long-overdue-investigation-killing-journalist-christopher-allen-insufficient-deliver" class="field-group-link" hreflang="en"> <div class="text-wrapper"> <div class="title">South Sudan: Long overdue investigation into killing of journalist Christopher Allen is insufficient to deliver justice</div> <div class="field field--name-field-accroche field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">South Sudan: Long overdue investigation into killing of journalist Christopher Allen is insufficient to deliver justice</div> </div> </a> </div> <a href="/en/south-sudan-long-overdue-investigation-killing-journalist-christopher-allen-insufficient-deliver" class="field-group-link" hreflang="en"> <div class="field field--name-field-visuel field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article data-focal-point="50% 50%" class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_teaser/public/medias/image/2023/10/Christopher_Allen_Investigation.png?h=d1cb525d&itok=FVxfrZdK 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png" width="297" height="200"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablette_teaser/public/medias/image/2023/10/Christopher_Allen_Investigation.png?itok=pLFy4hce 1x" media="all and (min-width: 641px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="129" height="73"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_teaser/public/medias/image/2023/10/Christopher_Allen_Investigation.png?h=d1cb525d&itok=OomHhAzO 1x" media="all and (max-width: 640px)" type="image/png" width="64" height="64"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_teaser/public/medias/image/2023/10/Christopher_Allen_Investigation.png?h=d1cb525d&itok=OomHhAzO" width="64" height="64" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </article> </div> </a> </div> </article> <div class="wrapper-more"><a href="/en/afficher-plus-de-publication/paragraph/3090/pager/3" class="use-ajax more-publications more-publications-first">Show more posts</a><div class="more-wrapper"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--region-pleine-largeur paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-region field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="mise_en_avant taxonomy-term vocabulary-pays-region" id="taxonomy-term-44"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-left"> <a href="/en/region/africa" class="field-group-link" hreflang="en"><div class="text-wrapper"><div class="surtitre">Region</div> <div class="titre">Africa</div> <div class="titre-analyse">Journalism harassed and persecuted during elections</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-accroche field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Africa: journalism harassed and persecuted during elections</div> </a><a href="/en/region/africa" hreflang="en">Learn about the region</a> </div> <div class="wrapper-right"> <a href="/en/region/africa" class="field-group-link" hreflang="en"> <div class="field field--name-field-visuel field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="media media--type-svg media--view-mode-mise-en-avant-region"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2022-05/WRLD-EPS-02-0014_Afrique.svg" alt="Afrique" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </article> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="prefooter"> <div class="region region-pre-footer"> <div class="wrapper-pre-footer-bloc block block-rsf-common block-rsf-pre-footer-block" id="block-rsfprefooterblock"> <div><div class="item-list"><ul><li><div class="element_bloc_lien"> <div class="wrapper-content"> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Support us</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Your donations enable RSF to keep working. We depend on you in order to be able to monitor respect for press freedom and take action worldwide.</p> </div> <div class="wrapper-link"><a href="https://donate.rsf.org/b/my-donation" role="button" class="wrapper-link cta-fort">Make a donation</a></div> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="element_bloc_lien"> <div class="wrapper-content"> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Become a member</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Media freedom is a fundamental right, but nearly half of the world’s population has no access to freely reported news and information.<br /> We need you. Join our organisation!</p> </div> <div class="wrapper-link"><a href="https://rsf.org/en/join" role="button" class="wrapper-link cta-moyen">Join</a></div> </div> </div> </li><li><div class="element_bloc_lien"> <div class="field field--name-field-visuel field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/pre_footer/public/medias/image/2022/04/Capture%20d%E2%80%99%C3%A9cran%202022-04-26%20%C3%A0%2014.52.06.png?itok=68T_94Mj" width="101" height="139" class="image-style-pre-footer" /> </div> <div class="wrapper-content"> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Book of photos</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>You support our activities when you buy our books of photos: all of the profits go to Reporters Without Borders. Thanks to you, we remain independent."</p> </div> <div class="wrapper-link"><a href="https://boutique.rsf.org/" role="button" class="wrapper-link cta-leger">Visit the shop</a></div> </div> </div> </li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div class="wrapper-footer block block-rsf-common block-rsf-footer-block" id="block-rsffooterblock"> <div><div class="header-footer"><div class="wrapper-column column-1"><svg width="190" height="48" viewBox="0 0 190 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M76.6759 27.2993H75.728V32.2616H73.5029V20.0321H76.8788C79.3134 20.0321 80.0185 20.7372 80.0185 22.8991V24.562C80.0185 25.8226 79.6293 26.5875 78.8012 26.98L80.1881 32.2616H77.8899L76.6759 27.2993ZM75.728 22.0875V25.4501H76.8688C77.534 25.4501 77.7701 25.2405 77.7701 24.3392V23.1984C77.7701 22.2971 77.5473 22.0875 76.8688 22.0875H75.728Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M87.2162 32.2682H81.7051V20.0321H87.2162V22.164H83.9434V24.8647H87.0665V26.8935H83.9434V30.1363H87.2162V32.2682Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M91.0378 28.3337V32.2616H88.8027V20.0321H92.1486C94.5832 20.0321 95.3948 20.9002 95.3948 23.0487V25.3769C95.3948 27.4623 94.5832 28.3337 92.1486 28.3337H91.0378ZM91.0378 22.0875V26.4113H92.1287C92.8338 26.4113 93.163 26.1419 93.163 25.0443V23.4379C93.163 22.3569 92.8304 22.0875 92.1287 22.0875H91.0378Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M100.394 32.3448C97.8428 32.3448 96.7852 31.1109 96.7852 28.6031V23.694C96.7852 21.1863 97.8428 19.9557 100.394 19.9557C102.945 19.9557 104.012 21.1863 104.012 23.694V28.6031C104.012 31.1076 102.948 32.3415 100.394 32.3415V32.3448ZM100.394 22.0311C99.4492 22.0311 99.0135 22.4368 99.0135 23.9535V28.3637C99.0135 29.867 99.4492 30.2561 100.394 30.2561C101.338 30.2561 101.774 29.867 101.774 28.3637V23.9468C101.774 22.4302 101.338 22.0244 100.394 22.0244" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M108.801 27.2993H107.857V32.2616H105.618V20.0321H108.997C111.432 20.0321 112.137 20.7372 112.137 22.8991V24.562C112.137 25.8226 111.745 26.5875 110.92 26.98L112.317 32.2616H110.018L108.801 27.2993ZM107.857 22.0875V25.4501H108.997C109.663 25.4501 109.899 25.2405 109.899 24.3392V23.1984C109.899 22.2971 109.672 22.0875 108.997 22.0875H107.857Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M117.543 22.2671V32.2682H115.304V22.2671H113.398V20.0321H119.448V22.2671H117.543Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M126.533 32.2682H121.021V20.0321H126.533V22.164H123.257V24.8647H126.383V26.8935H123.257V30.1363H126.533V32.2682Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M131.298 27.2993H130.354V32.2616H128.115V20.0321H131.494C133.926 20.0321 134.631 20.7372 134.631 22.8991V24.562C134.631 25.8226 134.242 26.5875 133.417 26.98L134.814 32.2616H132.515L131.298 27.2993ZM130.354 22.0875V25.4501H131.494C132.16 25.4501 132.396 25.2405 132.396 24.3392V23.1984C132.396 22.2971 132.17 22.0875 131.494 22.0875H130.354Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M139.746 30.3759C140.571 30.3759 140.977 30.1364 140.977 29.3249V28.1974C140.977 27.5322 140.724 27.3293 139.161 26.9967C136.833 26.3814 136.204 25.7362 136.204 24.0532V22.8393C136.204 20.7805 137.268 19.9557 139.716 19.9557C142.164 19.9557 143.215 20.9535 143.215 23.0954V24.326H140.977V23.2583C140.977 22.3138 140.571 21.9513 139.673 21.9513C138.775 21.9513 138.439 22.2373 138.439 22.9889V23.9468C138.439 24.5754 138.695 24.7583 140.272 25.1009C142.527 25.6264 143.215 26.275 143.215 28.0943V29.4612C143.215 31.5034 142.134 32.3315 139.716 32.3315C137.298 32.3315 136.204 31.4901 136.204 29.1619V27.765H138.439V28.9657C138.439 30.0167 138.891 30.3626 139.746 30.3626" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M73.1143 35.6874H75.2928L76.1641 44.1552L77.3781 35.6874H79.4801L80.6974 44.1552L81.5688 35.6874H83.744L82.3471 47.9235H79.54L78.4457 40.0277L77.3182 47.9235H74.5245L73.1143 35.6874Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M87.5294 35.6874H85.291V47.9235H87.5294V35.6874Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M93.233 37.9257V47.9235H90.998V37.9257H89.0889V35.6874H95.1421V37.9257H93.233Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M101.312 42.6087H98.9405V47.9235H96.7021V35.6874H98.9405V40.357H101.312V35.6874H103.564V47.9235H101.312V42.6087Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M108.775 48C106.224 48 105.156 46.7694 105.156 44.2616V39.3492C105.156 36.8414 106.224 35.6108 108.775 35.6108C111.326 35.6108 112.393 36.8414 112.393 39.3492V44.2616C112.393 46.7694 111.329 48 108.775 48V48ZM108.775 37.6896C107.83 37.6896 107.395 38.0953 107.395 39.6119V44.0255C107.395 45.5288 107.83 45.9179 108.775 45.9179C109.719 45.9179 110.158 45.5288 110.158 44.0255V39.6053C110.158 38.0887 109.723 37.6829 108.775 37.6829" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M120.812 35.6874V44.0654C120.812 47.0222 119.957 48 117.406 48C114.855 48 113.98 47.0222 113.98 44.0654V35.6874H116.219V44.1719C116.219 45.5022 116.578 45.9113 117.406 45.9113C118.234 45.9113 118.59 45.4923 118.59 44.1719V35.6874H120.812Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M126.536 37.9257V47.9235H124.297V37.9257H122.392V35.6874H128.441V37.9257H126.536Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M133.966 35.6874H137.292C139.407 35.6874 140.159 36.3526 140.159 38.0754V39.5455C140.159 40.4934 139.74 41.1087 138.416 41.2716C140.039 41.4379 140.564 42.173 140.564 43.4202V45.296C140.564 47.0987 139.71 47.9235 137.305 47.9235H133.966V35.6874ZM136.204 37.5333V40.6264H137.122C137.678 40.6264 137.93 40.4468 137.93 39.5621V38.5809C137.93 37.7262 137.678 37.5299 137.122 37.5299L136.204 37.5333ZM136.204 42.4124V46.071H137.302C138.02 46.071 138.323 45.8315 138.323 44.8237V43.5931C138.323 42.6186 138.02 42.4058 137.302 42.4058L136.204 42.4124Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M145.736 48C143.185 48 142.117 46.7694 142.117 44.2616V39.3492C142.117 36.8414 143.185 35.6108 145.736 35.6108C148.287 35.6108 149.354 36.8414 149.354 39.3492V44.2616C149.354 46.7694 148.29 48 145.736 48V48ZM145.736 37.6896C144.791 37.6896 144.356 38.0953 144.356 39.6119V44.0255C144.356 45.5288 144.791 45.9179 145.736 45.9179C146.68 45.9179 147.119 45.5288 147.119 44.0255V39.6053C147.119 38.0887 146.684 37.6829 145.736 37.6829" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M154.148 42.9546H153.203V47.9235H150.965V35.6874H154.344C156.775 35.6874 157.48 36.3925 157.48 38.5543V40.2173C157.48 41.4778 157.091 42.2461 156.266 42.6353L157.65 47.9235H155.355L154.148 42.9546ZM153.203 37.7428V41.1087H154.344C155.009 41.1087 155.245 40.8958 155.245 39.9978V38.8537C155.245 37.9557 155.019 37.7428 154.344 37.7428H153.203Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M159.176 35.6874H162.525C165.186 35.6874 166.13 36.7683 166.13 39.5022V44.112C166.13 46.8426 165.199 47.9235 162.525 47.9235H159.176V35.6874ZM161.414 37.7428V45.8681H162.512C163.473 45.8681 163.909 45.4623 163.909 43.8393V39.7849C163.909 38.1486 163.473 37.7428 162.512 37.7428H161.414Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M173.255 47.9235H167.744V35.6874H173.255V37.8193H169.983V40.5233H173.106V42.5488H169.983V45.7916H173.255V47.9235Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M178.024 42.9546H177.076V47.9235H174.838V35.6874H178.217C180.652 35.6874 181.357 36.3925 181.357 38.5543V40.2173C181.357 41.4778 180.964 42.2461 180.139 42.6353L181.536 47.9202H179.238L178.024 42.9546ZM177.076 37.7428V41.1087H178.217C178.882 41.1087 179.118 40.8958 179.118 39.9978V38.8537C179.118 37.9557 178.896 37.7428 178.217 37.7428H177.076Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M186.472 46.031C187.297 46.031 187.703 45.7916 187.703 44.98V43.8559C187.703 43.1907 187.447 42.9845 185.887 42.6552C183.559 42.0399 182.927 41.3913 182.927 39.7117V38.4944C182.927 36.439 183.994 35.6108 186.442 35.6108C188.89 35.6108 189.941 36.6086 189.941 38.7505V39.9811H187.703V38.9135C187.703 37.9656 187.297 37.6064 186.396 37.6064C185.494 37.6064 185.165 37.8891 185.165 38.6408V39.602C185.165 40.2339 185.421 40.4135 186.998 40.7594C189.249 41.2849 189.941 41.9301 189.941 43.7527V45.1197C189.941 47.1618 188.86 47.9867 186.442 47.9867C184.024 47.9867 182.927 47.1585 182.927 44.8304V43.4335H185.165V44.6375C185.165 45.6884 185.614 46.031 186.472 46.031Z" fill="#E40046"/> <path d="M69.5784 8.72062V0H31.8955V0.0831486C35.707 0.0831486 40.1305 0.196231 43.6527 1.61641C44.9032 2.12972 46.0269 2.90911 46.9459 3.90043C47.8649 4.89175 48.557 6.07125 48.9742 7.35698C49.3738 8.58732 49.5824 9.87163 49.5928 11.1652C49.5928 12.5321 49.5928 13.194 49.5928 14.561H39.7514C39.7514 13.337 39.7514 12.3226 39.7514 11.0987C39.7514 10.0809 39.8545 8.10532 38.0884 8.10532C36.4986 8.10532 36.4654 9.72838 36.4654 10.7262C36.4654 11.9867 36.4654 13.0377 36.4654 14.2982C36.4654 16.6696 37.8855 17.8537 38.717 18.469C40.1705 19.5399 43.3933 21.4257 44.6139 22.3503C45.9312 23.315 47.0337 24.5427 47.8519 25.9557C48.67 27.3686 49.1858 28.9361 49.3667 30.5588C49.4775 31.4326 49.5386 32.3121 49.5496 33.1929C49.5762 34.7761 49.5795 36.3625 49.5496 37.9457C49.5575 39.7578 49.1297 41.5452 48.3024 43.1574C46.3767 46.7295 43.7292 47.8537 39.6849 47.8537V47.9368H59.6405V28.6031H69.2658V20.0321H59.6206V8.72395L69.5784 8.72062Z" fill="#101010"/> <path d="M39.6885 33.7783C39.6885 32.0355 38.8836 30.6885 37.5333 29.6707C36.6885 29.0288 32.5643 26.4379 31.4601 25.633C29.9801 24.5163 28.7812 23.0694 27.959 21.4076C27.1368 19.7458 26.7139 17.915 26.7239 16.061V11.4047C26.7239 6.59202 25.8559 4.25388 24.3093 2.71729C22.4501 0.874723 19.3603 0 14.4911 0H0V47.9235H10.0443V28.5532H12.3359C12.7344 28.5536 13.1212 28.6874 13.4347 28.9334C13.7482 29.1794 13.9703 29.5233 14.0654 29.9102L18.4723 47.9235H36.5854V47.8404C33.5089 47.8404 31.8958 47.4446 29.6874 45.3492C27.4789 43.2539 26.7106 40.5765 26.7106 37.51C26.7106 36.3692 26.7106 33.7949 26.7106 33.7949H36.5687C36.5687 35.1951 36.592 36.4557 36.592 37.8559C36.592 38.99 36.7384 40.2472 38.1785 40.2472C39.469 40.2472 39.6818 38.9368 39.6818 37.6364C39.6818 36.3359 39.6818 35.112 39.6818 33.7783H39.6885ZM16.6796 17.0255C16.6796 20.5344 15.8016 21.3492 13.1674 21.3492H10.0443V8.24501H13.1674C15.8016 8.24501 16.6796 9.06652 16.6796 12.5687V17.0255Z" fill="#101010"/> </svg> </div> <div class="wrapper-column column-3 wrapper-menu-vertical"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://prod.rsf.org/en/contact-us" class="link-footer">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="https://prod.rsf.org/en/press%20releases" class="link-footer">Our publications</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="wrapper-column column-4 wrapper-social"><div class="wrapper-title">Follow us</div> <div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Reporterssansfrontieres/?fref=ts" class="link-social link-social-facebook" target="_blank">facebook</a></li><li><div class="wrapper-twitter"><span class="link-twitter" tabIndex="0">twitter</span> <div class="wrapper-links"><div class="wrapper-title">Our accounts worldwide</div> <div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_esp" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_esp</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_Inter" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_Inter</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_en" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_en</a></li><li><a href="https://www.twitter.com/RSF_fr" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_fr</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_NordAfrique" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_NordAfrique</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_persan" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_persan</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_ru" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_ru</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_pt" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_pt</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_ar" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_ar</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/RSF_TR" class="link-twitter" target="_blank">RSF_TR</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/reporters-without-borders/" class="link-social link-social-linkedin" target="_blank">linkedin</a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/RSFinternet" class="link-social link-social-youtube" target="_blank">youtube</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="bottom-footer"><div class="wrapper-copyright">@ Reporters Without Borders (RSF) - 2021</div> <div class="wrapper-menu-horizontal"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="http://donate.rsf.org?cid=32&lang=fr_FR&reserved_origine=SPSWEB&utm_source=site_rsf&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=spontane" class="link-footer">Donation </a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <button id="back-to-top" type="button" aria-label="Back to top" title="Back to top"></button> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"taxonomy\/term\/91","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJw9i0EOwyAMBD9E43NfEy3gAJIDyDZS8vumPfQwlxnNhKIoZjXKuiZkm3-zrT5XlGaVc1A7qMiIkJf5La2Xr9r5QvI2OkXoONmV91Shbr_qSPQQzBGF39RH5mC3OZ_PYPwBUDUxIQ","theme":"rsf","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/en\/recherche":true},"rsf_common":{"countries_list":{"AF":"Afghanistan","AL":"Albania","DZ":"Algeria","AS":"American Samoa","AD":"Andorra","AO":"Angola","AI":"Anguilla","AQ":"Antarctica","AG":"Antigua \u0026 Barbuda","AR":"Argentina","AM":"Armenia","AW":"Aruba","AC":"Ascension Island","AU":"Australia","AT":"Austria","AZ":"Azerbaijan","BS":"Bahamas","BH":"Bahrain","BD":"Bangladesh","BB":"Barbados","BY":"Belarus","BE":"Belgium","BZ":"Belize","BJ":"Benin","BM":"Bermuda","BT":"Bhutan","BO":"Bolivia","BA":"Bosnia \u0026 Herzegovina","BW":"Botswana","BV":"Bouvet Island","BR":"Brazil","IO":"British Indian Ocean Territory","VG":"British Virgin Islands","BN":"Brunei","BG":"Bulgaria","BF":"Burkina Faso","BI":"Burundi","KH":"Cambodia","CM":"Cameroon","CA":"Canada","IC":"Canary Islands","CV":"Cape Verde","BQ":"Caribbean Netherlands","KY":"Cayman Islands","CF":"Central African Republic","EA":"Ceuta \u0026 Melilla","TD":"Chad","CL":"Chile","CN":"China","CX":"Christmas Island","CP":"Clipperton Island","CC":"Cocos (Keeling) Islands","CO":"Colombia","KM":"Comoros","CG":"Congo - Brazzaville","CD":"Congo - Kinshasa","CK":"Cook Islands","CR":"Costa Rica","HR":"Croatia","CU":"Cuba","CW":"Cura\u00e7ao","CY":"Cyprus","CZ":"Czechia","CI":"C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","DK":"Denmark","DG":"Diego Garcia","DJ":"Djibouti","DM":"Dominica","DO":"Dominican Republic","EC":"Ecuador","EG":"Egypt","SV":"El Salvador","GQ":"Equatorial Guinea","ER":"Eritrea","EE":"Estonia","SZ":"Eswatini","ET":"Ethiopia","FK":"Falkland Islands","FO":"Faroe Islands","FJ":"Fiji","FI":"Finland","FR":"France","GF":"French Guiana","PF":"French Polynesia","TF":"French Southern Territories","GA":"Gabon","GM":"Gambia","GE":"Georgia","DE":"Germany","GH":"Ghana","GI":"Gibraltar","GR":"Greece","GL":"Greenland","GD":"Grenada","GP":"Guadeloupe","GU":"Guam","GT":"Guatemala","GG":"Guernsey","GN":"Guinea","GW":"Guinea-Bissau","GY":"Guyana","HT":"Haiti","HM":"Heard \u0026 McDonald Islands","HN":"Honduras","HK":"Hong Kong SAR China","HU":"Hungary","IS":"Iceland","IN":"India","ID":"Indonesia","IR":"Iran","IQ":"Iraq","IE":"Ireland","IM":"Isle of Man","IL":"Israel","IT":"Italy","JM":"Jamaica","JP":"Japan","JE":"Jersey","JO":"Jordan","KZ":"Kazakhstan","KE":"Kenya","KI":"Kiribati","XK":"Kosovo","KW":"Kuwait","KG":"Kyrgyzstan","LA":"Laos","LV":"Latvia","LB":"Lebanon","LS":"Lesotho","LR":"Liberia","LY":"Libya","LI":"Liechtenstein","LT":"Lithuania","LU":"Luxembourg","MO":"Macao SAR China","MG":"Madagascar","MW":"Malawi","MY":"Malaysia","MV":"Maldives","ML":"Mali","MT":"Malta","MH":"Marshall Islands","MQ":"Martinique","MR":"Mauritania","MU":"Mauritius","YT":"Mayotte","MX":"Mexico","FM":"Micronesia","MD":"Moldova","MC":"Monaco","MN":"Mongolia","ME":"Montenegro","MS":"Montserrat","MA":"Morocco","MZ":"Mozambique","MM":"Myanmar (Burma)","NA":"Namibia","NR":"Nauru","NP":"Nepal","NL":"Netherlands","AN":"Netherlands Antilles","NC":"New Caledonia","NZ":"New Zealand","NI":"Nicaragua","NE":"Niger","NG":"Nigeria","NU":"Niue","NF":"Norfolk Island","MP":"Northern Mariana Islands","KP":"North Korea","MK":"North Macedonia","NO":"Norway","OM":"Oman","QO":"Outlying Oceania","PK":"Pakistan","PW":"Palau","PS":"Palestinian Territories","PA":"Panama","PG":"Papua New Guinea","PY":"Paraguay","PE":"Peru","PH":"Philippines","PN":"Pitcairn Islands","PL":"Poland","PT":"Portugal","PR":"Puerto Rico","QA":"Qatar","RO":"Romania","RU":"Russia","RW":"Rwanda","RE":"R\u00e9union","WS":"Samoa","SM":"San Marino","CQ":"Sark","SA":"Saudi Arabia","SN":"Senegal","RS":"Serbia","SC":"Seychelles","SL":"Sierra Leone","SG":"Singapore","SX":"Sint Maarten","SK":"Slovakia","SI":"Slovenia","SB":"Solomon Islands","SO":"Somalia","ZA":"South Africa","GS":"South Georgia \u0026 South Sandwich Islands","KR":"South Korea","SS":"South Sudan","ES":"Spain","LK":"Sri Lanka","BL":"St. Barth\u00e9lemy","SH":"St. Helena","KN":"St. Kitts \u0026 Nevis","LC":"St. Lucia","MF":"St. Martin","PM":"St. Pierre \u0026 Miquelon","VC":"St. Vincent \u0026 Grenadines","SD":"Sudan","SR":"Suriname","SJ":"Svalbard \u0026 Jan Mayen","SE":"Sweden","CH":"Switzerland","SY":"Syria","ST":"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 \u0026 Pr\u00edncipe","TW":"Taiwan","TJ":"Tajikistan","TZ":"Tanzania","TH":"Thailand","TL":"Timor-Leste","TG":"Togo","TK":"Tokelau","TO":"Tonga","TT":"Trinidad \u0026 Tobago","TA":"Tristan da Cunha","TN":"Tunisia","TM":"Turkmenistan","TC":"Turks \u0026 Caicos Islands","TV":"Tuvalu","TR":"T\u00fcrkiye","UM":"U.S. Outlying Islands","VI":"U.S. Virgin Islands","UG":"Uganda","UA":"Ukraine","AE":"United Arab Emirates","GB":"United Kingdom","US":"United States","UY":"Uruguay","UZ":"Uzbekistan","VU":"Vanuatu","VA":"Vatican City","VE":"Venezuela","VN":"Vietnam","WF":"Wallis \u0026 Futuna","EH":"Western Sahara","YE":"Yemen","ZM":"Zambia","ZW":"Zimbabwe","AX":"\u00c5land Islands"}},"rsf_tac":{"acceptAll":"Accept everything","acceptNone":"Refuse everything","personalize":"Personalise","alertBigPrivacyText":"For certain functions (including audience measurement and direct video player), this site uses the services offered by third-party suppliers who deposit cookies that allow them to track navigation, inter alia. These cookies are placed only if you give your consent. You can learn more about our : *","alertBigPrivacyTextLink":"Cookie management","disclaimerText":"For certain functions (including audience measurement and direct video player), this site uses the services offered by third-party suppliers who deposit cookies that allow them to track navigation, inter alia. These cookies are placed only if you give your consent. You can learn more about our ","disclaimerLink":"data privacy policy here","all":"Cookie management panel","title":"Preferences for all services","mandatoryTitle":"Obligatory cookies","mandatoryText":"This site uses cookies that are necessary for it to function properly. They cannot de deactivated.","allow":"Allow","deny":"Ban","more":"Find our more","source":"See the official site","allowed":"Allow","disallowed":"Ban","social_title":"Social media","video_title":"Videos","other_title":"Others"},"field_group":{"html_element":{"mode":"pays","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"header-wrapper-content","show_empty_fields":false,"id":"","element":"div","show_label":false,"label_element":"h3","label_element_classes":"","attributes":"","effect":"none","speed":"fast"}},"link":{"mode":"teaser","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"","show_empty_fields":false,"id":"","target":"entity","custom_uri":"","target_attribute":"default"}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"38004054dee8a1183b3d80fc502eb36f1cee89c2d2a827c93b3ea919fb2861af"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_pkLnWPsrJf7RLXUz3_gvQ4CTDeBFNPU9K7VL8EyFoBo.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=rsf&include=eJxFzDEOwyAMRuEL0XjuaZABB5AcQP6N1Ny-UZcOb3nDZzijc6angBsuFyWGBMNJVWdifcFv7aOGxcbVeDVQsb1Yj_859lg7aUeTEuCcVN40ZvlBUT6cvc_x0DYvcZOYG5vjCxcnMSE"></script> <script src="/libraries/tarteaucitron/tarteaucitron.js?v=1.4"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/rsf_tac/js/tarteaucitron.services.js?v=1.4"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_VzB_9_eqDI7i4qL7_WJmgDkYVn5ELkGDEHSOMSutDcQ.js?scope=footer&delta=3&language=en&theme=rsf&include=eJxFzDEOwyAMRuEL0XjuaZABB5AcQP6N1Ny-UZcOb3nDZzijc6angBsuFyWGBMNJVWdifcFv7aOGxcbVeDVQsb1Yj_859lg7aUeTEuCcVN40ZvlBUT6cvc_x0DYvcZOYG5vjCxcnMSE"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/rsf/assets/scripts/app.js?slrhoj" defer></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js@3.7.1"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_98Q6FxSFH8P40t5ox7NyLISVWELN1D3BXTguIZdQQXU.js?scope=footer&delta=6&language=en&theme=rsf&include=eJxFzDEOwyAMRuEL0XjuaZABB5AcQP6N1Ny-UZcOb3nDZzijc6angBsuFyWGBMNJVWdifcFv7aOGxcbVeDVQsb1Yj_859lg7aUeTEuCcVN40ZvlBUT6cvc_x0DYvcZOYG5vjCxcnMSE"></script> <script defer src='https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js' data-cf-beacon='{"token": "cbbc4ffa9401415e8ce8562ef0f0f3bf"}'></script> </body> </html>