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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#748_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>748 code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-748_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBM_code_pages_1380,_1381,_1382_and_1383" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBM_code_pages_1380,_1381,_1382_and_1383"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>IBM code pages 1380, 1381, 1382 and 1383</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBM_code_pages_1380,_1381,_1382_and_1383-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GBK_and_GB_18030" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GBK_and_GB_18030"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>GBK and GB 18030</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GBK_and_GB_18030-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="#DEC_Kanji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>DEC Kanji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DEC_Kanji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HP-16" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HP-16"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>HP-16</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HP-16-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IKIS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IKIS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>IKIS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IKIS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations_of_EUC-JP_for_EBCDIC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_of_EUC-JP_for_EBCDIC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Adaptations of 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id="toc-EUC-TW" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EUC-TW"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>EUC-TW</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EUC-TW-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=EUC-JP&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">System of East Asian character encodings</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Extended Unix Code</b> (<b>EUC</b>) is a multibyte <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> system used primarily for <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese (characters)</a>. </p><p>The most commonly used EUC codes are <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encodings</a> with a character belonging to an <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></span> compliant coded character set (such as <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>) taking one byte, and a character belonging to a 94×94 coded character set (such as <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></span>) represented in two bytes. The <a href="/wiki/EUC-CN" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-CN">EUC-CN</a> form of <span class="nowrap">GB 2312</span> and <a href="/wiki/EUC-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-KR">EUC-KR</a> are examples of such two-byte EUC codes. <a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a> includes characters represented by up to three bytes, including an initial <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936282034">.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal{border-bottom:1px dashed #86a1ff}.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal a{color:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022#Shift_functions" title="ISO/IEC 2022">shift code</a>, whereas a single character in <a href="/wiki/EUC-TW" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-TW">EUC-TW</a> can take up to four bytes. </p><p>Modern applications are more likely to use <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, which supports all of the glyphs of the EUC codes, and more, and is generally more portable with fewer vendor deviations and errors. EUC is however still very popular, especially <a href="/wiki/EUC-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-KR">EUC-KR</a> for South Korea. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding_structure">Encoding structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Encoding structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg/250px-Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg/330px-Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg/500px-Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Relationship between packed EUC and other 8-bit <span class="nowrap">ISO 2022</span> profiles</figcaption></figure> <p>The structure of EUC is based on the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></span> standard, which specifies a system of graphical character sets that can be represented with a sequence of the 94 7-bit bytes <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">0x</a>21–7E, or alternatively 0xA1–FE if an eighth bit is available. This allows for sets of 94 graphical characters, or 8836 (94<sup>2</sup>) characters, or 830584 (94<sup>3</sup>) characters. Although initially 0x20 and 0x7F were always the <a href="/wiki/Space_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Space character">space</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034" /><a href="/wiki/Delete_character" title="Delete character">delete character</a> and 0xA0 and 0xFF were unused, later editions of <span class="nowrap">ISO/IEC 2022</span> allowed the use of the bytes 0xA0 and 0xFF (or 0x20 and 0x7F) within sets under certain circumstances, allowing the inclusion of 96-character sets. The ranges 0x00–1F and 0x80–9F are used for <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a>. </p><p>EUC is a family of 8-bit profiles of <span class="nowrap">ISO/IEC 2022</span>, as opposed to 7-bit profiles such as <a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a>. As such, only <span class="nowrap">ISO 2022</span> compliant character sets can have EUC forms. Up to four coded character sets (referred to as G0, G1, G2, and G3 or as code sets 0, 1, 2, and 3) can be represented with the EUC scheme. The G0 set is set to an <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></span> compliant coded character set such as <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, <span class="nowrap">ISO 646:KR</span> (<span class="nowrap">KS X 1003</span>) or <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JISCII" class="mw-redirect" title="JISCII">ISO 646:JP</a></span> (the lower half of <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0201</span>) and invoked over GL (i.e. 0x21–0x7E, with the most significant bit cleared).<sup id="cite_ref-cdra_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdra-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If ASCII is used, this makes the code an <a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">extended ASCII</a> encoding; the most common deviation from ASCII is that 0x5C (<a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a> in ASCII) is often used to represent a <a href="/wiki/Yen_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Yen sign">yen sign</a> in EUC-JP (see below) and a <a href="/wiki/Won_sign" title="Won sign">won sign</a> in EUC-KR. </p><p>The other code sets are invoked over GR (i.e. with the most significant bit set). Hence, to get the EUC form of a character, the most significant bit of each coding byte is set (equivalent to adding 128 to each 7-bit coding byte, or adding 160 to each number in the <a href="/wiki/Kuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuten">kuten</a> code); this allows the software to easily distinguish whether a particular byte in a <a href="/wiki/Character_string" class="mw-redirect" title="Character string">character string</a> belongs to the <span class="nowrap">ISO 646</span> code or the extended code. Characters in code sets 2 and 3 are prefixed with the control codes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034" /><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022#Shift_functions" title="ISO/IEC 2022">SS2</a> (0x8E) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034" /><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022#Shift_functions" title="ISO/IEC 2022">SS3</a> (0x8F) respectively, and invoked over GR. Besides the initial shift code, any byte outside of the range 0xA0–0xFF appearing in a character from code sets 1 through 3 is not a valid EUC code.<sup id="cite_ref-cdra_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdra-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The EUC code itself does not make use of the announcement and designation sequences from <span class="nowrap">ISO 2022</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-cdra_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdra-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the code specification is equivalent to the following sequence of four <span class="nowrap">ISO 2022</span> announcement sequences, with meanings breaking down as follows.<sup id="cite_ref-cdra_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdra-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Individual sequence</th> <th>Hexadecimal</th> <th>Feature of EUC denoted </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP C</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 43</code></td> <td>ISO-8 (8-bit, G0 in GL, G1 in GR) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP Z</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5A</code></td> <td>G2 accessed using SS2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP [</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5B</code></td> <td>G3 accessed using SS3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP \</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5C</code></td> <td>Single-shifts invoke over GR </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixed-length_format">Fixed-length format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fixed-length format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CsEucFixWidJapanese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CsEucFixWidJapanese.svg/220px-CsEucFixWidJapanese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CsEucFixWidJapanese.svg/330px-CsEucFixWidJapanese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CsEucFixWidJapanese.svg/440px-CsEucFixWidJapanese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>Layout of the fixed-length format for Japanese</figcaption></figure> <p>The ISO-2022-based <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a> described above is sometimes referred to as the <i>EUC packed format</i>, which is the encoding format usually labeled as EUC. However, internal processing of EUC data may make use of a fixed-length transformation format called the <b>EUC complete two-byte format</b>. This represents:<sup id="cite_ref-lunde_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Code set 0 as two bytes in the range 0x21–0x7E (except that the first may be 0x00).</li> <li>Code set 1 as two bytes in the range 0xA0–0xFF (except that the first may be 0x80).</li> <li>Code set 2 as a byte in the range 0x21–0x7E (or 0x00) followed by a byte in the range 0xA0–0xFF.</li> <li>Code set 3 as a byte in the range 0xA0–0xFF (or 0x80) followed by a byte in the range 0x21–0x7E.</li></ul> <p>Initial bytes of 0x00 and 0x80 are used in cases where the code set uses only one byte. There is also a four-byte fixed-length format.<sup id="cite_ref-lunde_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fixed-length encoding formats are suited to internal processing and are not usually encountered in interchange. </p><p>EUC-JP is registered with the IANA in both formats, the packed format as "EUC-JP" or "csEUCPkdFmtJapanese" and the fixed width format as "csEUCFixWidJapanese".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the packed format is included in the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> Encoding Standard used by <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EUC-CN">EUC-CN</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: EUC-CN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">EUC-CN</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EUCCN_encoding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/EUCCN_encoding.svg/240px-EUCCN_encoding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/EUCCN_encoding.svg/360px-EUCCN_encoding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/EUCCN_encoding.svg/480px-EUCCN_encoding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">MIME / IANA</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">GB2312</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alias(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">csGB2312, CN-GB<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">Simplified Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Standard</th><td class="infobox-data">GB 2312 (1980)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">Extended ASCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a>, <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK encoding</a>, EUC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extensions</th><td class="infobox-data">748, <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></span>, x-mac-chinesesimp</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transforms / Encodes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>EUC-CN</b><sup id="cite_ref-macsimchinese_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macsimchinese-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the usual encoded form of the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></span> standard for <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese characters</a>. Unlike the case of Japanese <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a>, <span class="nowrap">GB 2312</span> is not normally used in a 7-bit <span class="nowrap">ISO 2022</span> code version,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a variant form called <a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a> (which delimits <span class="nowrap">GB 2312</span> text with ASCII sequences) was sometimes used on <a href="/wiki/USENET" class="mw-redirect" title="USENET">USENET</a>. </p><p>An ASCII character is represented in its usual encoding. A character from <span class="nowrap">GB 2312</span> is represented by two bytes, both from the range 0xA1–0xFE. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="748_code">748 code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 748 code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An encoding related to EUC-CN is the "748" code used in the WITS typesetting system developed by Beijing's Founder Technology (now obsoleted by its newer FITS typesetting system). The 748 code contains all of <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></span>, but is not <span class="nowrap">ISO 2022</span>–compliant and therefore not a true EUC code. (It uses an 8-bit lead byte but distinguishes between a second byte with its most significant bit set and one with its most significant bit cleared, and is, therefore, more similar in structure to <a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a> and other non–ISO 2022–compliant <a href="/wiki/Double-byte_character_set" title="Double-byte character set">DBCS</a> encoding systems.) The non-GB2312 portion of the 748 code contains traditional and Hong Kong characters and other glyphs used in newspaper typesetting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBM_code_pages_1380,_1381,_1382_and_1383"><span id="IBM_code_pages_1380.2C_1381.2C_1382_and_1383"></span>IBM code pages 1380, 1381, 1382 and 1383</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: IBM code pages 1380, 1381, 1382 and 1383"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> code page 1381 (<a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a> 1381) comprises the single-byte <a href="/wiki/Code_page_1115" title="Code page 1115">code page 1115</a> (CPGID 1115 as CCSID 1115) and the double-byte code page 1380 (CPGID 1380 as CCSID 1380),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which encodes GB 2312 the same way as EUC-CN, but deviates from the EUC structure by extending the lead byte range back to 0x8C, adding 31 IBM-selected characters in 0x8CE0 through 0x8CFE and adding 1880 <a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Areas#Private-use_characters_in_other_character_sets" title="Private Use Areas">user-defined characters</a> with lead bytes 0x8D through 0xA0.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IBM code page 1383 (CCSID 1383) comprises the single-byte <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">code page 367</a> and the double-byte code page 1382 (CPGID 1382 as CCSID 1382),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which differs by conforming to the EUC structure, adding the 31 IBM-selected characters in 0xFEE0 through 0xFEFE instead, and including only 1360 user-defined characters, interspersed in the positions not used by GB 2312.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alternative CCSID 5479<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is used for the pure EUC-CN code page: it uses CCSID 9574 as its double-byte set, which uses CPGID 1382 but excludes the IBM-selected and user-defined characters.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GBK_and_GB_18030">GBK and GB 18030</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: GBK and GB 18030"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK (character encoding)</a> and <a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a> is an extension to <span class="nowrap">GB 2312</span>. It defines an extended form of the EUC-CN encoding capable of representing a larger array of <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK characters</a> sourced largely from <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> 1.1</span>, including <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese characters</a> and characters used only in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>. It is not, however, a true EUC code, because ASCII bytes may appear as trail bytes (and <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C1" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C1 bytes</a>, not limited to the single shifts, may appear as lead or trail bytes), due to a larger encoding space being required. </p><p>Variants of GBK are implemented by <a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">Windows code page 936</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">code page</a> for simplified Chinese), and by IBM's code page 1386. </p><p>The Unicode-based <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></span> character encoding defines an extension of GBK capable of encoding the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. However, Unicode encoded as <span class="nowrap">GB 18030</span> is a <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a> which may use up to four bytes per character, due to an even larger encoding space being required. Being an extension of GBK, it is a superset of EUC-CN but is not itself a true EUC code. Being a Unicode encoding, its repertoire is identical to that of other <a href="/wiki/Unicode_transformation_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode transformation format">Unicode transformation formats</a> such as <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mac_OS_Chinese_Simplified"><span class="anchor" id="MacChineseSimp"></span><span class="anchor" id="x-mac-chinesesimp"></span>Mac OS Chinese Simplified</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mac OS Chinese Simplified"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other EUC-CN variants deviating from the EUC mechanism include the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Mac OS</a> Chinese Simplified script (known as Code page 10008 or <code>x-mac-chinesesimp</code>).<sup id="cite_ref-msdnlabels_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdnlabels-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses the bytes 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0xA0, 0xFD, 0xFE, and 0xFF for the <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">U with umlaut</a> (ü), two special font metric characters, the <a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">non-breaking space</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright sign">copyright sign</a> (©), the <a href="/wiki/Trademark_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Trademark sign">trademark sign</a> (™) and the ellipsis (...) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-macsimchinese_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macsimchinese-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This differs in what is regarded as a single-byte character versus the first byte of a two-byte character from both EUC (where, of those, 0xFD and 0xFE are defined as lead bytes) and GBK (where, of those, 0x81, 0x82, 0xFD and 0xFE are defined as lead bytes). </p><p>This use of 0xA0, 0xFD, 0xFE and 0xFF matches <a href="/wiki/MacJapanese" class="mw-redirect" title="MacJapanese">Apple's Shift_JIS variant</a>. </p><p>Besides these changes to the lead byte range, the other distinctive feature of the double-byte portion of Mac OS Chinese Simplified is the inclusion of two extensions to the basic GB 2312-80 set in rows 6 and 8.<sup id="cite_ref-macsimchinese_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macsimchinese-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are considered "standard extensions to GB 2312", neither of which is proprietary to Apple: the row 8 extension was taken from <a href="/wiki/GB_6345.1" class="mw-redirect" title="GB 6345.1">GB 6345.1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-macsimchinese_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macsimchinese-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both extensions are included by <a href="/wiki/GB/T_12345" class="mw-redirect" title="GB/T 12345">GB/T 12345</a> (the traditional Chinese variant of GB 2312),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both extensions are included by <a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a> (the successor to GB 2312).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: EUC-JP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">EUC-JP</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EUC-JP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/EUC-JP.svg/240px-EUC-JP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/EUC-JP.svg/360px-EUC-JP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/EUC-JP.svg/480px-EUC-JP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">MIME / IANA</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">EUC-JP</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alias(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">Unixized JIS (UJIS), csEUCPkdFmtJapanese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">Extended</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646</a>, <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a>, <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK encoding</a>, EUC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> or <a href="/wiki/JISCII" class="mw-redirect" title="JISCII">ISO 646:JP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transforms / Encodes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a>, <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a>, <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">EUC-JISx0213</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">EUC-JIS-2004</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EUC-JISx0213.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/EUC-JISx0213.svg/240px-EUC-JISx0213.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/EUC-JISx0213.svg/360px-EUC-JISx0213.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/EUC-JISx0213.svg/480px-EUC-JISx0213.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alias(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">EUC-JISx0213</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Standard</th><td class="infobox-data">JIS X 0213</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">Extended ASCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a>, <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK encoding</a>, EUC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transforms / Encodes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a>, <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a> (Kana)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">EUC-JP</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>EUC-JP</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a> used to represent the elements of three <a href="/wiki/JIS_encoding" title="JIS encoding">Japanese character set standards</a>, namely <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></span>, and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></span>. Other names for this encoding include <b>Unixized JIS</b> (or <b>UJIS</b>) and <b>AT&T JIS</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-lunde_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 0.1% of all web pages use EUC-JP since September 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while 2.6% of websites written with Japanese use this second-most popular (for Japanese) encoding<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which is more than for <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a> both are much less used that <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>). It is called <b>Code page 954</b> by IBM.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft has two code page numbers for this encoding (51932 and 20932). </p><p>This encoding scheme allows the easy mixing of 7-bit ASCII and 8-bit Japanese without the need for the escape characters employed by <a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a>, which is based on the same character set standards, and without ASCII bytes appearing as trail bytes (unlike <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a>). </p><p>A related and partially compatible encoding, called <b>EUC-JISx0213</b> or <b>EUC-JIS-2004</b>, encodes <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-x0213org_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x0213org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (similarly to <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS-2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift JIS-2004">Shift_JISx0213</a></span>, its Shift_JIS-based counterpart). </p><p>Compared to EUC-CN or EUC-KR, EUC-JP did not become as widely adopted on PC and Macintosh systems in Japan, which used <span class="nowrap">Shift JIS</span> or its extensions (<a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">Windows code page 932</a> on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MacJapanese" class="mw-redirect" title="MacJapanese">MacJapanese</a> on <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a>), although it became heavily used by <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> or Unix-like <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> (except for <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>). Therefore, whether Japanese websites use EUC-JP or Shift_JIS often depends on what OS the author uses. </p><p>Characters are encoded as follows: </p> <ul><li>As an EUC/<a href="/wiki/ISO_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 2022">ISO 2022</a> compliant encoding, the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C0" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 control characters</a>, space, and DEL are represented as in ASCII.</li> <li>A graphical character from <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> (code set 0) is represented as its usual one-byte representation, in the range 0x21 – 0x7E. While some variants of EUC-JP encode the <a href="/wiki/Code_page_895" title="Code page 895">lower half</a> of <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0201</span> here, most encode ASCII,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the W3C/WHATWG Encoding standard used by <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so does EUC-JIS-2004.<sup id="cite_ref-x0213org_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x0213org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this means that 0x5C is typically mapped to Unicode as U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS (the ASCII <a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a>), U+005C may be displayed as a <a href="/wiki/Yen_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Yen sign">Yen sign</a> by certain Japanese-locale fonts, e.g. on Microsoft Windows, for compatibility with the lower half of <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0201</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A character from JIS X 0208 (code set 1) is represented by two bytes, both in the range 0xA1 – 0xFE. This differs from the ISO-2022-JP representation by having the high bit set. This code set may also contain vendor extensions in some EUC-JP variants. In EUC-JIS-2004, the first plane of <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0213</span> is encoded here, which is effectively a superset of standard <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0208</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-x0213org_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x0213org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A character from the <i>upper half</i> of <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0201</span> (<a href="/wiki/Half-width_kana" title="Half-width kana">half-width kana</a>, code set 2) is represented by two bytes, the first being 0x8E, the second being the usual <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0201</span> representation in the range 0xA1 – 0xDF. This set may contain <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201#IBM's_implementations" title="JIS X 0201">IBM vendor extensions</a> in some variants.</li> <li>A character from JIS X 0212 (code set 3) is represented in EUC-JP by three bytes, the first being 0x8F, the following two being in the range 0xA1–0xFE, i.e. with the high bit set. In addition to standard <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0212</span>, code set 3 of some EUC-JP variants may also contain extensions in rows 83 and 84 to represent characters from IBM's Shift JIS extensions which lack standard JIS X 0212 mappings, which may be coded in either of two layouts, one defined by IBM themselves and one defined by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation" title="Open Software Foundation">OSF</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-osfibmextensions_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osfibmextensions-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lundeJ_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeJ-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In EUC-JIS-2004, the second plane of <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0213</span> is encoded here,<sup id="cite_ref-x0213org_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x0213org-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which does not collide with the allocated rows in standard <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0212</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-hyeshik_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyeshik-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some implementations of EUC-JIS-2004, such as the one used by <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, allow both <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0212</span> and <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0213</span> plane 2 characters in this set.<sup id="cite_ref-hyeshik_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyeshik-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Vendor extensions to EUC-JP (from, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation" title="Open Software Foundation">Open Software Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> or <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>) were often allocated within the individual code sets,<sup id="cite_ref-osfibmextensions_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osfibmextensions-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lundeJ_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeJ-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as opposed to using invalid EUC sequences (as in popular extensions of EUC-CN and EUC-KR). </p><p>However, some vendor-specific encodings are partially compatible with EUC-JP, due to encoding <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0208</span> over GR, but do not follow the packed EUC structure. Often, these do not include use of the single shifts from EUC-JP, and are thus not straight extensions of EUC-JP, with the exception of Super DEC Kanji. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DEC_Kanji">DEC Kanji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: DEC Kanji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> defines two variants of EUC-JP only partly conforming to the EUC packed format, but also bearing some resemblance to the complete two-byte format. The overall format of the "DEC Kanji" encoding mostly corresponds to fixed-length (complete two-byte) EUC; however, code set 0 is not required to be left-padded with null bytes (similarly to the packed format).<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JIS X 0208 is, as usual, used for code set 1; code set 2 (half-width katakana) is absent; code set 3 is encoded like the two-byte fixed width format (i.e. without a shift byte and with only the first high bit set), but used for two-byte user defined characters rather than being specified for JIS X 0212.<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the basic "DEC Kanji" encoding, only the first 31 rows of code set 3 are used for user-defined characters: rows 32 through 94 are reserved, similarly to the unused rows in code set 1.<sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Super DEC Kanji" encoding accepts codes both from the "DEC Kanji" encoding and from packed-format EUC, for a total of five code-sets.<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also allows the entire user defined code set, and the unused rows at the ends of the JIS X 0208 and JIS X 0212 code sets (rows 85–94 and 78–94 respectively), to be used for user-defined characters.<sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HP-16">HP-16</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: HP-16"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> defines an encoding referred to as "HP-16". This accompanies their "HP-15" encoding, which is a variant of <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a>. HP-16 encodes <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0208</span> using the same bytes as in EUC-JP, but does not use the single shift codes (thus omitting code sets 2 and 3), and adds three user-defined regions which do not follow the packed-format EUC structure:<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Lead bytes 0xA1–C2, trail bytes 0x21–7E</li> <li>Lead bytes 0xC3–E3, trail bytes 0x21–3F</li> <li>Lead bytes 0xC3–E1, trail bytes 0x40–64</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IKIS">IKIS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: IKIS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IKIS (Interactive Kanji Information System) encoding used by <a href="/wiki/Data_General" title="Data General">Data General</a> resembles EUC-JP without single shifts, i.e. with only code sets 0 and 1. Half-width katakana are instead included in row 8 of JIS X 0208 (colliding with the box-drawing characters added to the standard in 1983). JIS X 0208 rows 9 through 12 are used for user-defined characters.<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations_of_EUC-JP_for_EBCDIC">Adaptations of EUC-JP for EBCDIC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adaptations of EUC-JP for EBCDIC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></div> <p>KEIS (Kanji-processing Extended Information System) is an <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> encoding used by <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with double-byte characters (a DBCS-Host encoding) included using shifting sequences, making it a <a href="/wiki/State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">stateful</a> encoding. Specifically, the sequence <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x0A 0x41</code> switches to single-byte mode and the sequence <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x0A 0x42</code> switches to double-byte mode.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, JIS X 0208 characters are encoded using the same byte sequences used to encode them in EUC-JP. This results in duplicate encodings for the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034" /><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character#IDSP" title="Whitespace character">ideographic space</a>—0x4040 per the DBCS-Host code structure, and 0xA1A1 as in EUC-JP. This differs from IBM's DBCS-Host encoding for Japanese, the layout of which builds on versions which predate JIS X 0208 altogether. The lead byte range is extended back to 0x59, out of which the lead bytes 0x81–A0 are designated for user-defined characters,<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the remainder are used for corporate-defined characters, including both kanji and non-kanji.<sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>JEF (Japanese-processing Extended Feature)<sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an EBCDIC encoding used on <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> FACOM mainframes, contrasting with FMR (a variant of Shift JIS) used on Fujitsu PCs. Like KEIS, JEF is a stateful encoding, switching to a double-byte DBCS-Host mode using shifting sequences (where <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x29</code> switches to single-byte mode and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x28</code> switches to double-byte mode).<sup id="cite_ref-decunix_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decunix-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also similarly to KEIS, <span class="nowrap">JIS X 0208</span> codes are represented the same as in EUC-JP.<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lead byte range is extended back to 0x41, with 0x80–0xA0 designated for user definition; lead bytes 0x41–0x7F are assigned row numbers 101 through 163 for <a href="/wiki/Kuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuten">kuten</a> purposes, although row 162 (lead byte 0x7E) is unused.<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rows 101 through 148 are used for extended kanji, while rows 149 through 163 are used for extended non-kanji.<sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EUC-KR">EUC-KR</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: EUC-KR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"EUC-KR" redirects here. For the variant so named in HTML standards, see <a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">EUC-KR</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EUC-KR_without_extensions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/EUC-KR_without_extensions.svg/250px-EUC-KR_without_extensions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/EUC-KR_without_extensions.svg/500px-EUC-KR_without_extensions.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="990" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">EUC-KR code structure</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">MIME / IANA</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">EUC-KR</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alias(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">Wansung, IBM-970</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Standard</th><td class="infobox-data">KS X 2901 (KS C 5861)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">Extended</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646</a>, <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a>, <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK encoding</a>, EUC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> or <a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646:KR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extensions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MacKorean" class="mw-redirect" title="MacKorean">Mac OS Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">IBM-949</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code (Windows-949)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transforms / Encodes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a> (web standards)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>EUC-KR</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a> to represent Korean text using two coded character sets, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></span> (formerly KS C 5601)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and either <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646</a>:KR</span> (<span class="nowrap">KS X 1003</span>, formerly <span class="nowrap">KS C 5636</span>) or <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, depending on variant. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KS_X_2901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KS X 2901 (page does not exist)">KS X 2901</a></span> (formerly <span class="nowrap">KS C 5861</span>) stipulates the encoding and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1557">1557</a> dubbed it as EUC-KR. </p><p>A character drawn from KS X 1001 (G1, code set 1) is encoded as two bytes in GR (0xA1–0xFE) and a character from <span class="nowrap">KS X 1003</span> or ASCII (G0, code set 0) takes one byte in GL (0x21–0x7E). </p><p>It is usually referred to as Wansung (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">완성</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Wanseong</i></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> precomposed<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a>. IBM refers to the double-byte component as <b>Code page 971</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to EUC-KR with ASCII as <b>Code page 970</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is implemented as <b>Code page 20949</b> ("Korean Wansung")<sup id="cite_ref-winids_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winids-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Code page 51949</b> ("EUC Korean") by Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-winids_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winids-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of March 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, less than 0.065% of all web pages globally declare using EUC-KR,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but 5.0% of South Korean web pages use EUC-KR.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Including extensions, it is the most widely used legacy character encoding in Korea on all three major platforms (<a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, other Unix-like OSes, and Windows), but its use has been very slowly shifting to <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> as it gains popularity, especially on Linux and macOS. </p><p>As with most other encodings, <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> is now preferred for new use, solving problems with consistency between platforms and vendors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unified_Hangul_Code">Unified Hangul Code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unified Hangul Code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></div> <p>A common extension of EUC-KR is the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">통합형 한글 코드</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Tonghabhyeong Hangeul Kodeu</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">통합 완성형</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Tonghab Wansunghyung</i></span>), which is the default Korean codepage on Microsoft Windows. It is given the code page number 949 by Microsoft, and 1261<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1363<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by IBM. <a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">IBM's code page 949</a> is a different, unrelated, EUC-KR extension. </p><p>Unified Hangul Code extends EUC-KR by using codes that do not conform to the EUC structure to incorporate additional syllable blocks, completing the coverage of the composed syllable blocks available in <a href="/wiki/Johab" class="mw-redirect" title="Johab">Johab</a> and Unicode. The <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>/<a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> Encoding Standard used by <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> incorporates the Unified Hangul Code extensions into its definition of EUC-KR.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mac_OS_Korean_(HangulTalk)"><span id="Mac_OS_Korean_.28HangulTalk.29"></span>Mac OS Korean (HangulTalk)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mac OS Korean (HangulTalk)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other encodings incorporating EUC-KR as a subset include the Mac OS Korean script (known as Code page 10003 or <code>x-mac-korean</code>),<sup id="cite_ref-msdnlabels_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdnlabels-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was used by HangulTalk (MacOS-KH), the Korean localization of the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a>. It was developed by Elex Computer (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">일렉스</span></span>), who were at the time the authorised distributor of Apple Macintosh computers in South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HangulTalk adds extension characters with lead bytes between 0xA1 and 0xAD, both in unused space within the EUC-KR GR plane (trail bytes 0xA1–0xFE), and using non-EUC codes outside of it (trail bytes 0x41–0xA0). Some of these characters are font-style-independent stylized <a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">dingbats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these characters do not have exact Unicode mappings, and Apple software maps these cases variously to <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining sequences</a>, to approximate mappings with an appended <a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Use Area">private-use</a> character as a modifier for round-trip purposes, or to private-use characters.<sup id="cite_ref-mackoreantxt_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackoreantxt-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apple also uses certain single-byte codes outside of the EUC-KR plane for additional characters: 0x80 for a <a href="/wiki/Required_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Required space">required space</a>, 0x81 for a <a href="/wiki/Won_sign" title="Won sign">won sign</a> (₩), 0x82 for an <a href="/wiki/En_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="En dash">en dash</a> (–), 0x83 for a <a href="/wiki/Copyright_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright sign">copyright sign</a> (©), 0x84 for a wide <a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a> (＿) and 0xFF for an <a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a> (...).<sup id="cite_ref-mackoreantxt_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackoreantxt-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although none of these additional single-byte codes are within the lead byte range of plain EUC-KR (unlike Apple's extensions to EUC-CN, <a href="#x-mac-chinesesimp">see above</a>), some are within the lead byte range of Unified Hangul Code (specifically, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83 and 0x84). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EUC-KP">EUC-KP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: EUC-KP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></div> <p>Similarly to KS X 1001, the North Korean <a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a> standard is typically used in EUC form; in these contexts, it is sometimes referred to as EUC-KP.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent editions of the standard extend the EUC representation with characters using non-EUC two-byte codes, in a similar manner to Unified Hangul Code.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EUC-TH">EUC-TH</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: EUC-TH"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although certain single-byte encodings such as the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> series technically conform to the EUC structure, they are rarely labeled as EUC. However, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">eucTH</code> is used on <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a> as a label for <a href="/wiki/TIS-620" class="mw-redirect" title="TIS-620">TIS-620</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EUC-TW">EUC-TW</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: EUC-TW"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>EUC-TW</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-length encoding</a> that supports ASCII and 16 planes of <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></span>, each of which is 94×94. It is a rarely used encoding for <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese characters</a> as used in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. Variants of <a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a> are much more common than EUC-TW, although Big5 only encodes the first two planes of CNS 11643 <a href="/wiki/Hanzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanzi">hanzi</a>, while <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> is becoming more common. </p> <ul><li>As an EUC/<a href="/wiki/ISO_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 2022">ISO 2022</a> encoding, the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C0" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 control characters</a>, ASCII space, and DEL are encoded as in ASCII.</li> <li>A graphical character from ASCII (G0, code set 0) is encoded in GL as its usual single-byte representation (0x21–0x7E).</li> <li>A character from CNS 11643 plane 1 (code set 1) is encoded as two bytes in GR (0xA1–0xFE).</li> <li>A character in planes 1 through 16 of CNS 11643 (code set 2) is encoded as four bytes: <ul><li>The first byte is always 0x8E (Single Shift 2).</li> <li>The second byte (0xA1–0xB0) indicates the plane, the number of which is obtained by subtracting 0xA0 from that byte.</li> <li>The third and fourth bytes are in GR (0xA1–0xFE).</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Note that plane 1 of CNS 11643 is encoded twice as code set 1 and a part of code set 2. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_and_computers" title="Japanese language and computers">Japanese language and computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language_and_computers" title="Korean language and computers">Korean language and computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_character_encoding" title="Chinese character encoding">Chinese character encoding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">7-bit ISO 2022 code versions supporting <span class="nowrap">GB 2312</span> include <a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-CN">ISO-2022-CN</a> (with shift codes) and <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022#ISO-2022-JP-2" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO-2022-JP-2</a> (without shift codes), both of which also support other non-ASCII sets.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These sequences match the hexadecimal forms shown by DEC<sup id="cite_ref-decunix_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decunix-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the decimal forms (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">10 65</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">10 66</code>) listed by Lunde.<sup id="cite_ref-lundeF_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lundeF-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lunde lists the hexadecimal forms for both as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0xA0 0x42</code>, seemingly in error.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cdra-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cdra_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdra_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdra_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdra_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIBM" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/G01BQVRV#page=157">"Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">157–</span>162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Character+Data+Representation+Architecture+%28CDRA%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E162&rft.au=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdownloads%2Fcas%2FG01BQVRV%23page%3D157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lunde-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lunde_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunde_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunde_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLunde,_Ken2008" class="citation book cs1">Lunde, Ken (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EH1MDAAAQBAJ&q=%22euc+packed+format%22&pg=PA244"><i>CJKV Information Processing: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese Computing</i></a>. O'Reilly. pp. <span class="nowrap">242–</span>244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780596800925" title="Special:BookSources/9780596800925"><bdi>9780596800925</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CJKV+Information+Processing%3A+Chinese%2C+Japanese%2C+Korean%2C+and+Vietnamese+Computing&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E242-%3C%2Fspan%3E244&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780596800925&rft.au=Lunde%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEH1MDAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522euc%2Bpacked%2Bformat%2522%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml">"Character Sets"</a>. IANA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Character+Sets&rft.pub=IANA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Fcharacter-sets%2Fcharacter-sets.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#names-and-labels">"4.2. Names and labels"</a>. <i>Encoding Standard</i>. WHATWG.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encoding+Standard&rft.atitle=4.2.+Names+and+labels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencoding.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23names-and-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhuHuWangKao1996" class="citation cs1">Zhu, Haifeng; Hu, Daoyuan; Wang, Zhiguan; Kao, Tien-cheu; Chang, Wen-chung; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Crispin" title="Mark Crispin">Crispin, Mark</a> (March 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1922"><i>Chinese Character Encoding for Internet Messages</i></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opengroup.or.jp/jvc/cde/ucs-conv-e.html#ch3_1_1">the original</a> on 1999-02-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Problems+and+Solutions+for+Unicode+and+User%2FVendor+Defined+Characters&rft.atitle=3.1.1+Details+of+Problems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opengroup.or.jp%2Fjvc%2Fcde%2Fucs-conv-e.html%23ch3_1_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaplan,_Michael_S.2005" class="citation web cs1">Kaplan, Michael S. (2005-09-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.miloush.net/michkap/archive/2005/09/17/469941.html">"When is a backslash not a backslash?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+is+a+backslash+not+a+backslash%3F&rft.date=2005-09-17&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.miloush.net%2Fmichkap%2Farchive%2F2005%2F09%2F17%2F469941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osfibmextensions-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-osfibmextensions_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-osfibmextensions_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990203115405/http://www.opengroup.or.jp/jvc/cde/ucs-conv-e.html#ch4_2">"4.2 Review Process of Rules for Code Set Conversion Between eucJP-open and UCS"</a>. <i>Problems and Solutions for Unicode and User/Vendor Defined Characters</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Problems+and+Solutions+for+Unicode+and+User%2FVendor+Defined+Characters&rft.atitle=4.2+Review+Process+of+Rules+for+Code+Set+Conversion+Between+eucJP-open+and+UCS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opengroup.or.jp%3A80%2Fjvc%2Fcde%2Fucs-conv-e.html%23ch4_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lundeJ-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lundeJ_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeJ_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLunde2009" class="citation cs1">Lunde, Ken (13 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resources.oreilly.com/examples/9780596514471/blob/master/cjkvip2e-appJ.pdf">"Appendix J: Japanese Character Sets"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CJKV Information Processing</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51447-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51447-1"><bdi>978-0-596-51447-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CJKV+Information+Processing&rft.atitle=Appendix+J%3A+Japanese+Character+Sets&rft.date=2009-01-13&rft.isbn=978-0-596-51447-1&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresources.oreilly.com%2Fexamples%2F9780596514471%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Fcjkvip2e-appJ.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hyeshik-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hyeshik_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyeshik_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChang2021" class="citation web cs1">Chang, Hyeshik (8 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/4b96c1384e008218bdfeb9e271a094b1ab8484d3/Modules/cjkcodecs/README">"Readme for CJKCodecs"</a>. <i>cPython</i>. 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href="#cite_ref-lundeF_29-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeF_29-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLunde2009" class="citation cs1">Lunde, Ken (13 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resources.oreilly.com/examples/9780596514471/blob/master/cjkvip2e-appF.pdf">"Appendix F: Vendor Encoding Methods"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CJKV Information Processing</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51447-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51447-1"><bdi>978-0-596-51447-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CJKV+Information+Processing&rft.atitle=Appendix+F%3A+Vendor+Encoding+Methods&rft.date=2009-01-13&rft.isbn=978-0-596-51447-1&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresources.oreilly.com%2Fexamples%2F9780596514471%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Fcjkvip2e-appF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lunde2009appE-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunde2009appE_30-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a 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href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51447-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51447-1"><bdi>978-0-596-51447-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CJKV+Information+Processing%3A+Chinese%2C+Japanese%2C+Korean+%26+Vietnamese+Computing&rft.atitle=Appendix+E%3A+Vendor+Character+Set+Standards&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-596-51447-1&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresources.oreilly.com%2Fexamples%2F9780596514471%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Fcjkvip2e-appE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-decunix-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-decunix_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-decunix_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/AppL/ksx1001.pdf">"KS X 1001:1992"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KS+X+1001%3A1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexamples.oreilly.com%2Fcjkvinfo%2FAppL%2Fksx1001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1491988" class="citation cs1">Korea Bureau of Standards (1988-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/149.pdf"><i>KS C 5601:1987</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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"O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0596514471" title="Special:BookSources/978-0596514471"><bdi>978-0596514471</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Character+Set+Standards&rft.btitle=CJKV+Information+Processing&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=%22O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.%22&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0596514471&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSA92uQqTB-AC%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141130005339/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid971.html">"IBM Globalization – Coded character set identifiers – CCSID 971"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid971.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Globalization+%E2%80%93+Coded+character+set+identifiers+%E2%80%93+CCSID+971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141201233141/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid970.html">"CCSID 970"</a>. <i>IBM Globalization</i>. IBM. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid970.html">the original</a> on 2014-12-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Globalization&rft.atitle=CCSID+970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid970.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icu4c-demos.unicode.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=euc-kr">"ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2 (alias euc-kr)"</a>. <i>Converter Explorer – ICU Demonstration</i>. International Components for Unicode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Converter+Explorer+%E2%80%93+ICU+Demonstration&rft.atitle=ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2+%28alias+euc-kr%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficu4c-demos.unicode.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Deuc-kr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm"><i>International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm</i></a>, 2002-12-03</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Components+for+Unicode+%28ICU%29%2C+ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm&rft.date=2002-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Funicode-org%2Ficu%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Ficu4c%2Fsource%2Fdata%2Fmappings%2Fibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-winids-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-winids_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-winids_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/intl/code-page-identifiers">"Code Page Identifiers"</a>. Windows Dev Center. Microsoft. 7 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+Page+Identifiers&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows%2Fdesktop%2Fintl%2Fcode-page-identifiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJulliard2021" class="citation web cs1">Julliard, Alexandre (11 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://source.winehq.org/git/wine.git/blob/6f68543692a7588daa581d00c475715395036b15:/tools/make_unicode#l946">"dump_krwansung_codepage: build Korean Wansung table from the KSX1001 file"</a>. <i>make_unicode: Generate code page .c files from ftp.unicode.org descriptions</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wine_(software)" title="Wine (software)">Wine Project</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=make_unicode%3A+Generate+code+page+.c+files+from+ftp.unicode.org+descriptions&rft.atitle=dump_krwansung_codepage%3A+build+Korean+Wansung+table+from+the+KSX1001+file&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft.aulast=Julliard&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsource.winehq.org%2Fgit%2Fwine.git%2Fblob%2F6f68543692a7588daa581d00c475715395036b15%3A%2Ftools%2Fmake_unicode%23l946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/en-euckr">"Usage Statistics and Market Share of EUC-KR for Websites, December 2024"</a>. <i>w3techs.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3techs.com&rft.atitle=Usage+Statistics+and+Market+Share+of+EUC-KR+for+Websites%2C+December+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3techs.com%2Ftechnologies%2Fdetails%2Fen-euckr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3techs.com/technologies/segmentation/tld-kr-/character_encoding">"Distribution of Character Encodings among websites that use .kr"</a>. <i>w3techs.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3techs.com&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Character+Encodings+among+websites+that+use+.kr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3techs.com%2Ftechnologies%2Fsegmentation%2Ftld-kr-%2Fcharacter_encoding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524175322/http://www.w3c.or.kr/i18n/hangul-i18n/ko-code.html">"한글 코드에 대하여"</a> (in Korean). W3C. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3c.or.kr/i18n/hangul-i18n/ko-code.html">the original</a> on 2013-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80+%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C%EC%97%90+%EB%8C%80%ED%95%98%EC%97%AC&rft.pub=W3C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3c.or.kr%2Fi18n%2Fhangul-i18n%2Fko-code.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opensource.apple.com/source/ICU/ICU-59180.0.1/icuSources/common/ucnv_lmb.cpp.auto.html">ucnv_lmb.cpp</a>, a file originating from <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and included in the <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a> source tree, the lead byte 0x11 is commented as referring to "Korean: ibm-1261" after the definition of <code>ULMBCS_GRP_KO</code>, and is mapped to the <code>"windows-949"</code> ICU codec in the <code>OptGroupByteToCPName</code> array later in the file.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129210404/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1363.html">"Coded character set identifiers – CCSID 1363"</a>, <i>IBM Globalization</i>, IBM, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1363.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IBM+Globalization&rft.atitle=Coded+character+set+identifiers+%E2%80%93+CCSID+1363&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid1363.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#index-euc-kr">"5. Indexes (§ index EUC-KR)"</a>, <i>Encoding Standard</i>, WHATWG</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encoding+Standard&rft.atitle=5.+Indexes+%28%C2%A7+index+EUC-KR%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencoding.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23index-euc-kr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGil" class="citation web cs1">Gil, Hojin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hojin.freeservers.com/beige/hom/11HangulTalk.html">"HangulTalk: De facto standard Hangul environment for Mac"</a>. <i>Guide to using Hangul on Macintosh</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guide+to+using+Hangul+on+Macintosh&rft.atitle=HangulTalk%3A+De+facto+standard+Hangul+environment+for+Mac&rft.aulast=Gil&rft.aufirst=Hojin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhojin.freeservers.com%2Fbeige%2Fhom%2F11HangulTalk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mackoreantxt-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mackoreantxt_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mackoreantxt_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFApple2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Apple,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple, Inc">Apple</a> (2005-04-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/KOREAN.TXT">"Map (external version) from Mac OS Korean encoding to Unicode 3.2 and later"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+%28external+version%29+from+Mac+OS+Korean+encoding+to+Unicode+3.2+and+later&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft.au=Apple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FVENDORS%2FAPPLE%2FKOREAN.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKim2002" class="citation web cs1">Kim, Kyongsok (2002-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2564.pdf">"3-way cross-reference tables – KS X 1001, KPS 9566, and UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a>/WG 2 N2564.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3-way+cross-reference+tables+%E2%80%93+KS+X+1001%2C+KPS+9566%2C+and+UCS&rft.date=2002-11-30&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Kyongsok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn2564.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span> [Note: updated links for tables accompanying document: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727225816/http://asadal.pusan.ac.kr/~gimgs0/hangeul/code/3xreftbl/ks2kp_ucs-v09.txt">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727214628/http://asadal.pusan.ac.kr/~gimgs0/hangeul/code/3xreftbl/kp2ks_ucs-v09.txt">[2]</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChung2018" class="citation web cs1">Chung, Jaemin (2018-01-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18011-info-kps9566-2011.pdf">"Information on the most recent version of KPS 9566 (KPS 9566-2011?)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Technical_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode Technical Committee">UTC</a> L2/18-011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+on+the+most+recent+version+of+KPS+9566+%28KPS+9566-2011%3F%29&rft.date=2018-01-05&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=Jaemin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2018%2F18011-info-kps9566-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIBM2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> (2001-05-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/unicode-org/icu-data/blob/main/charset/data/ucm/solaris-eucTH-2.7.ucm">"solaris-eucTH-2.7"</a>. <i>icu-data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icu-data&rft.atitle=solaris-eucTH-2.7&rft.date=2001-05-07&rft.au=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Funicode-org%2Ficu-data%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Fcharset%2Fdata%2Fucm%2Fsolaris-eucTH-2.7.ucm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+Unix+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_Unix_Code&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rikai.com/library/kanjitables/kanji_codes.euc.shtml">EUC-JP codeset table</a> (minus the ASCII and <a href="/wiki/Half-width_kana" title="Half-width kana">half-width</a> parts)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/intl/code-page-identifiers">Code Page Identifiers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825155118/http://developers.sun.com/dev/gadc/technicalpublications/articles/gb18030.html">GB18030-2000 –  The New Chinese National Standard</a> (since updated to <a href="/wiki/GB18030" class="mw-redirect" title="GB18030">GB18030</a>-2022, which is (slightly) incompatible)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060329202847/http://www.jagat.or.jp/asia/report/China3.htm">The New Generation of Pre-Press Software in China</a> –  mentions the 748 code</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050611013847/http://www.cns11643.gov.tw/web/word.jsp#euc">Description of the EUC-TW code</a> (in Chinese)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/~dankogai/Encode-JIS2K-0.02/JIS2K.pm">Manual page of EUC-JISX0213</a> in the Perl Encode module</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/english/vbcqpr00000004qn-att/ISO-IR.pdf">International Register of Coded Character Sets to be Used With Escape Sequences</a> –  section 2.4 (p. 14f.) with the coded character sets of China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Taiwan (ISO/IEC)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.monash.edu/~jwb/cjk.inf">Chinese, Japanese, and Korean character set standards and encoding systems</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Character_encodings589" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Character_encodings" title="Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Character_encodings" title="Template talk:Character encodings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Character_encodings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Character_encodings589" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encodings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph#Codes" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets" title="Morse code for non-Latin alphabets">Non-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun/Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_telegraph_code" title="Chinese telegraph code">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot and Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCD_(character_encoding)" title="BCD (character encoding)">BCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletex" title="Teletex">Teletex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T.51/ISO/IEC_6937" title="T.51/ISO/IEC 6937">T.51/ISO/IEC 6937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">ITU T.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set" title="Videotex character set">ITU T.101</a></li> <li>World System Teletext <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">sets</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Approved parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1 (Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2 (Central Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4 (North Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5 (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6 (Arabic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7 (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8 (Hebrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9 (Turkish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10 (Nordic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11 (Thai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13 (Baltic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14 (Celtic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15 (New Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16 (Romanian)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Abandoned parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12 (Devanagari)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Proposed but not approved <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-111" title="ISO-IR-111">KOI-8 Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-197" title="ISO-IR-197">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Adaptations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-182" title="ISO-IR-182">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">Ukrainian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliographic use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSEL" title="ANSEL">ANSEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII/EACC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">ISO 5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6862" title="ISO 6862">6862</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">ArmSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSCII" class="mw-redirect" title="BSCII">BSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_66003" title="DIN 66003">DIN 66003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELOT_927" title="ELOT 927">ELOT 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_10859" title="GOST 10859">GOST 10859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12345" title="GB 12345">GB 12345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Indian Script Code for Information Interchange">ISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-7" title="KOI-7">KOI-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1564" title="LST 1564">LST 1564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1590-4" title="LST 1590-4">LST 1590-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange">PASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Industrial_Standard_620-2533" title="Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533">TIS-620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange">TSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISCII" title="VISCII">VISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSCII" title="VSCII">VSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YUSCII" title="YUSCII">YUSCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Extended Unix Code / EUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">Code pages</a><br />("scripts")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Armenian" title="Mac OS Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Barents_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Barents Cyrillic">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Celtic" title="Mac OS Celtic">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Central_European_encoding" title="Mac OS Central European encoding">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Croatian_encoding" title="Mac OS Croatian encoding">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Cyrillic_encoding" title="Mac OS Cyrillic encoding">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Devanagari_encoding" title="Mac OS Devanagari encoding">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacFarsi_encoding" title="MacFarsi encoding">Farsi (Persian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Font_X_encoding" title="Macintosh Font X encoding">Font X (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gaelic" title="Mac OS Gaelic">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGreek_encoding" title="MacGreek encoding">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gujarati" title="Mac OS Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gurmukhi" title="Mac OS Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Hebrew" title="Mac OS Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Icelandic_encoding" title="Mac OS Icelandic encoding">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Inuit" title="Mac OS Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Keyboard_encoding" title="Mac OS Keyboard encoding">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Latin_encoding" title="Macintosh Latin encoding">Latin (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Maltese/Esperanto_encoding" title="Mac OS Maltese/Esperanto encoding">Maltese/Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ogham" title="Mac OS Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Romanian_encoding" title="Mac OS Romanian encoding">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_S%C3%A1mi" title="Mac OS Sámi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkish_encoding" title="Mac OS Turkish encoding">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkic_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic">Turkic Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ukrainian_encoding" title="Mac OS Ukrainian encoding">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT100_encoding" title="VT100 encoding">VT100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DOS code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_737" title="Code page 737">737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_850" title="Code page 850">850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 858">858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_861" title="Code page 861">861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_862" title="Code page 862">862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_863" title="Code page 863">863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_864" title="Code page 864">864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_865" title="Code page 865">865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_866" title="Code page 866">866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_867" title="Code page 867">867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_868" title="Code page 868">868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_869" title="Code page 869">869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_899" title="Code page 899">899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_904" title="Code page 904">904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(IBM)" title="Code page 932 (IBM)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(IBM)" title="Code page 936 (IBM)">936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_942" title="Code page 942">942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_951" title="Code page 951">951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1040" title="Code page 1040">1040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1043" title="Code page 1043">1043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1046" title="Code page 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1098" title="Code page 1098">1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1115" title="Code page 1115">1115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1116" title="Code page 1116">1116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1117" title="Code page 1117">1117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1118" title="Code page 1118">1118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1127" title="Code page 1127">1127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_Indic_character_set" title="CS Indic character set">CS Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Indic_character_set" title="CSX Indic character set">CSX Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX%2B_Indic_character_set" title="CSX+ Indic character set">CSX+ Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWI-2" title="CWI-2">CWI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_System_encoding" title="Iran System encoding">Iran System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenick%C3%BD_encoding" title="Kamenický encoding">Kamenický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazovia_encoding" title="Mazovia encoding">Mazovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIK_(character_set)" title="MIK (character set)">MIK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_895" title="Code page 895">895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_896" title="Code page 896">896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_912" title="Code page 912">912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_915" title="Code page 915">915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_921" title="Code page 921">921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1006" title="Code page 1006">1006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1008" title="Code page 1008">1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1009" title="Code page 1009">1009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1010" title="Code page 1010">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1012" title="Code page 1012">1012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1013" title="Code page 1013">1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1014" title="Code page 1014">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1015" title="Code page 1015">1015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1016" title="Code page 1016">1016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1017" title="Code page 1017">1017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1018" title="Code page 1018">1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1019" title="Code page 1019">1019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1046" title="Code page 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1133" title="Code page 1133">1133</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CER-GS" title="CER-GS">CER-GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">936</a> (<a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Latin-8" title="Extended Latin-8">Extended Latin-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1250" title="Windows-1250">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1251" title="Windows-1251">1251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1253" title="Windows-1253">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1254" title="Windows-1254">1254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1255" title="Windows-1255">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1256" title="Windows-1256">1256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1257" title="Windows-1257">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1258" title="Windows-1258">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1270" title="Windows-1270">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_French" title="Windows Cyrillic + French">Cyrillic + French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_German" title="Windows Cyrillic + German">Cyrillic + German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polytonic_Greek" title="Windows Polytonic Greek">Polytonic Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">DKOI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals (<a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VTx</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational (MCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement (NRCS)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1020" title="Code page 1020">French Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1021" title="Code page 1021">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1023" title="Code page 1023">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1101" title="Code page 1101">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1102" title="Code page 1102">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1103" title="Code page 1103">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1104" title="Code page 1104">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1105" title="Code page 1105">Norwegian and Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1106" title="Code page 1106">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1107" title="Code page 1107">Norwegian and Danish (alternative)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">8-bit Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">8-bit Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1052" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1052">1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1053" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1053">1053</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1054">1054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1055" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1055">1055</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1058" title="Code page 1058">1058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">Acorn RISC OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CPC_character_set" title="Amstrad CPC character set">Amstrad CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_character_set" title="Apple II character set">Apple II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST_character_set" title="Atari ST character set">Atari ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_International_Character_Set" title="Bitstream International Character Set">BICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_calculator_character_sets" title="Casio calculator character sets">Casio calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_display_code" title="CDC display code">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intecolor/Compucolor_8001_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Intecolor/Compucolor 8001 character set">Compucolor 8001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compucolor_II_character_set" title="Compucolor II character set">Compucolor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CP/M_Plus_character_set" title="Amstrad CP/M Plus character set">CP/M+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">DEC RADIX 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">DEC MCS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">NRCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG_International" title="DG International">DG International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(computer)#Character_ROM" title="Galaksija (computer)">Galaksija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEM_character_set" title="GEM character set">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM_03.38" title="GSM 03.38">GSM 03.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Roman" title="HP Roman">HP Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_character_set" title="FOCAL character set">HP FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPL_character_set" title="RPL character set">HP RPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQUOZE#Identifier_name_character_encoding" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_International_Character_Set" title="Lotus International Character Set">LICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">LMBCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_character_set" title="MSX character set">MSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC_APC_character_set" title="NEC APC character set">NEC APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_character_set" title="NeXT character set">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Latin_1_Encoding" title="PostScript Latin 1 Encoding">PostScript Latin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_Coup%C3%A9_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM Coupé character set">SAM Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_SC-3000_character_set" title="Sega SC-3000 character set">Sega SC-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_pocket_computer_character_sets" title="Sharp pocket computer character sets">Sharp calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_MZ_character_set" title="Sharp MZ character set">Sharp MZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QL_character_set" title="Sinclair QL character set">Sinclair QL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_calculator_character_sets" title="TI calculator character sets">TI calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRS-80_character_set" title="TRS-80 character set">TRS-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_International" title="Ventura International">Ventura International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_International_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Wang International Standard Code for Information Interchange">WISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_Character_Code_Standard" title="Xerox Character Code Standard">XCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX80_character_set" title="ZX80 character set">ZX80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX81_character_set" title="ZX81 character set">ZX81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum_character_set" title="ZX Spectrum character set">ZX Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> / <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_All_Character_Encoding" title="Tamil All Character Encoding">TACE16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_encoding" title="Cork encoding">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY1_encoding" title="LY1 encoding">LY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OML_encoding" title="OML encoding">OML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_encoding" title="OMS encoding">OMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT1_encoding" title="OT1 encoding">OT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">ASMO 449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols" title="Digital encoding of APL symbols">Digital encoding of APL symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-68" title="ISO-IR-68">ISO-IR-68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC-P27-1" title="IEC-P27-1">IEC-P27-1</a></li> <li>INIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INIS_character_set" title="INIS character set">7-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INIS-8" title="INIS-8">8-bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-169" title="ISO-IR-169">ISO-IR-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">ISO 2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI_character_encodings" title="KOI character encodings">KOI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-RU" title="KOI8-RU">KOI8-RU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-U" title="KOI8-U">KOI8-U</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojiky%C5%8D" title="Mojikyō">Mojikyō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Extended_ASCII" title="Stanford Extended ASCII">SEASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford/ITS_character_set" title="Stanford/ITS character set">Stanford/ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRON_(encoding)" title="TRON (encoding)">TRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosigns_for_Morse_code" title="Prosigns for Morse code">Morse prosigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ISO/IEC 6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">JIS X 0211</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control, format and separator characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charset_detection" title="Charset detection">Charset detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_code_page" title="Hardware code page">Hardware code page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">Variable-length encoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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