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multihop</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: multihop"> <meta name="keywords" content="multihop"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="badge badge-info">8</span> Performance Analysis of M-Ary Pulse Position Modulation in Multihop Multiple Input Multiple Output-Free Space Optical System over Uncorrelated Gamma-Gamma Atmospheric Turbulence Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of Decode and Forward (DF) multihop Free Space Optical ( FSO) scheme deploying Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration under Gamma-Gamma (GG) statistical distribution, that adopts M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (MPPM) coding, is investigated. We have extracted exact and estimated values of Symbol-Error Rates (SERs) respectively. A closed form formula related to the Probability Density Function (PDF) is expressed for our designed system. Thanks to the use of DF multihop MIMO FSO configuration and MPPM signaling, atmospheric turbulence is combatted; hence the transmitted signal quality is improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20input%20multiple%20output" title=" multiple input multiple output"> multiple input multiple output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multihop" title=" multihop"> multihop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-gamma%20channel" title=" gamma-gamma channel"> gamma-gamma channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91351/performance-analysis-of-m-ary-pulse-position-modulation-in-multihop-multiple-input-multiple-output-free-space-optical-system-over-uncorrelated-gamma-gamma-atmospheric-turbulence-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> End-to-End Performance of MPPM in Multihop MIMO-FSO System Over Dependent GG Atmospheric Turbulence Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of decode and forward (DF) multihop free space optical (FSO) scheme deploying multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configuration under gamma-gamma (GG) statistical distribution, that adopts M-ary pulse position modulation (MPPM) coding, is investigated. We have extracted exact and estimated values of symbol-error rates (SERs) respectively. The probability density function (PDF)鈥檚 closed-form formula is expressed for our designed system. Thanks to the use of DF multihop MIMO FSO configuration and MPPM signaling, atmospheric turbulence is combatted; hence the transmitted signal quality is improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20channel" title=" gamma gamma channel"> gamma gamma channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-input%20multiple-output" title=" multiple-input multiple-output"> multiple-input multiple-output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91635/end-to-end-performance-of-mppm-in-multihop-mimo-fso-system-over-dependent-gg-atmospheric-turbulence-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Clustering Using Cooperative Multihop Mini-Groups in Wireless Sensor Network: A Novel Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virender%20Ranga">Virender Ranga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayank%20Dave"> Mayank Dave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Kumar%20Verma"> Anil Kumar Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in many real life applications like environmental monitoring, habitat monitoring, health monitoring etc. Due to power constraint cheaper devices used in these applications, the energy consumption of each device should be kept as low as possible such that network operates for longer period of time. One of the techniques to prolong the network lifetime is an intelligent grouping of sensor nodes such that they can perform their operation in cooperative and energy efficient manner. With this motivation, we propose a novel approach by organize the sensor nodes in cooperative multihop mini-groups so that the total global energy consumption of the network can be reduced and network lifetime can be improved. Our proposed approach also reduces the number of transmitted messages inside the WSNs, which further minimizes the energy consumption of the whole network. The experimental simulations show that our proposed approach outperforms over the state-of-the-art approach in terms of stability period and aggregated data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster-head" title=" cluster-head"> cluster-head</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-group" title=" mini-group"> mini-group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20period" title=" stability period"> stability period</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11606/clustering-using-cooperative-multihop-mini-groups-in-wireless-sensor-network-a-novel-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Enhancing Throughput for Wireless Multihop Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kalaiarasan">K. Kalaiarasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Pandeeswari"> B. Pandeeswari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Arockia%20John%20Francis"> A. Arockia John Francis </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless, Multi-hop networks consist of one or more intermediate nodes along the path that receive and forward packets via wireless links. The backpressure algorithm provides throughput optimal routing and scheduling decisions for multi-hop networks with dynamic traffic. Xpress, a cross-layer backpressure architecture was designed to reach the capacity of wireless multi-hop networks and it provides well coordination between layers of network by turning a mesh network into a wireless switch. Transmission over the network is scheduled using a throughput-optimal backpressure algorithm. But this architecture operates much below their capacity due to out-of-order packet delivery and variable packet size. In this paper, we present Xpress-T, a throughput optimal backpressure architecture with TCP support designed to reach maximum throughput of wireless multi-hop networks. Xpress-T operates at the IP layer, and therefore any transport protocol, including TCP, can run on top of Xpress-T. The proposed design not only avoids bottlenecks but also handles out-of-order packet delivery and variable packet size, optimally load-balances traffic across them when needed, improving fairness among competing flows. Our simulation results shows that Xpress-T gives 65% more throughput than Xpress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backpressure%20scheduling%20and%20routing" title="backpressure scheduling and routing">backpressure scheduling and routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCP" title=" TCP"> TCP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control" title=" congestion control"> congestion control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20multihop%20network" title=" wireless multihop network"> wireless multihop network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30049/enhancing-throughput-for-wireless-multihop-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Node Pair Selection Scheme in Relay-Aided Communication Based on Stable Marriage Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuki%20Taniguchi">Tetsuki Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshio%20Karasawa"> Yoshio Karasawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a node pair selection scheme in relay-aided multiple source multiple destination communication system based on stable marriage problem. A general case is assumed in which all of source, relay and destination nodes are equipped with multiantenna and carry out multistream transmission. Based on several metrics introduced from inter-node channel condition, the preference order is determined about all source-relay and relay-destination relations, and then the node pairs are determined using Gale-Shapley algorithm. The computer simulations show that the effectiveness of node pair selection is larger in multihop communication. Some additional aspects which are different from relay-less case are also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay" title="relay">relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20input%20multiple%20output%20%28MIMO%29" title=" multiple input multiple output (MIMO)"> multiple input multiple output (MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiuser" title=" multiuser"> multiuser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplify%20and%20forward" title=" amplify and forward"> amplify and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20marriage%20problem" title=" stable marriage problem"> stable marriage problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gale-Shapley%20algorithm" title=" Gale-Shapley algorithm"> Gale-Shapley algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10192/node-pair-selection-scheme-in-relay-aided-communication-based-on-stable-marriage-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Intrusion Detection In MANET Using Game Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Kumbalavati">S. B. Kumbalavati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20D.%20Mallapur"> J. D. Mallapur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Y.%20Bendigeri"> K. Y. Bendigeri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a multihop wireless network where nodes communicate each other without any pre-deployed infrastructure. There is no central administrating unit. Hence, MANET is generally prone to many of the attacks. These attacks may alter, release or deny data. These attacks are nothing but intrusions. Intrusion is a set of actions that attempts to compromise integrity, confidentiality and availability of resources. A major issue in the design and operation of ad-hoc network is sharing the common spectrum or common channel bandwidth among all the nodes. We are performing intrusion detection using game theory approach. Game theory is a mathematical tool for analysing problems of competition and negotiation among the players in any field like marketing, e-commerce and networking. In this paper mathematical model is developed using game theory approach and intruders are detected and removed. Bandwidth utilization is estimated and comparison is made between bandwidth utilization with intrusion detection technique and without intrusion detection technique. Percentage of intruders and efficiency of the network is analysed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ad-hoc%20network" title="ad-hoc network">ad-hoc network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDS" title=" IDS"> IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20networks" title=" sensor networks"> sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6246/intrusion-detection-in-manet-using-game-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Location Management in Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amrita%20Anil%20Agashe">Amrita Anil Agashe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumant%20Tapas"> Sumant Tapas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Verma%20Yogesh%20Sonavane"> Ajay Verma Yogesh Sonavane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sourabh%20Yeravar"> Sourabh Yeravar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to advancement in MEMS technology today wireless sensors network has gained a lot of importance. The wide range of its applications includes environmental and habitat monitoring, object localization, target tracking, security surveillance etc. Wireless sensor networks consist of tiny sensor devices called as motes. The constrained computation power, battery power, storage capacity and communication bandwidth of the tiny motes pose challenging problems in the design and deployment of such systems. In this paper, we propose a ubiquitous framework for Real-Time Tracking, Sensing and Management System using IITH motes. Also, we explain the algorithm that we have developed for location management in wireless sensor networks with the aspect of mobility. Our developed framework and algorithm can be used to detect emergency events and safety threats and provides warning signals to handle the emergency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20management" title="mobility management">mobility management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motes" title=" motes"> motes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multihop" title=" multihop"> multihop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41387/location-management-in-wireless-sensor-networks-with-mobility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Discussing Embedded versus Central Machine Learning in Wireless Sensor Networks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Lena%20Kampen">Anne-Lena Kampen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%98ivind%20Kure"> 脴ivind Kure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Machine learning (ML) can be implemented in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as a central solution or distributed solution where the ML is embedded in the nodes. Embedding improves privacy and may reduce prediction delay. In addition, the number of transmissions is reduced. However, quality factors such as prediction accuracy, fault detection efficiency and coordinated control of the overall system suffer. Here, we discuss and highlight the trade-offs that should be considered when choosing between embedding and centralized ML, especially for multihop networks. In addition, we present estimations that demonstrate the energy trade-offs between embedded and centralized ML. Although the total network energy consumption is lower with central prediction, it makes the network more prone for partitioning due to the high forwarding load on the one-hop nodes. Moreover, the continuous improvements in the number of operations per joule for embedded devices will move the energy balance toward embedded prediction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20machine%20learning" title="central machine learning">central machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20machine%20learning" title=" embedded machine learning"> embedded machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20machine%20learning" title=" local machine learning"> local machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127522/discussing-embedded-versus-central-machine-learning-in-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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