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safety and health</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: occupational safety and health"> <meta name="keywords" content="occupational safety and health"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="occupational safety and health"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11780</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: occupational safety and health</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Effect of Selenium Source on Meat Quality of Bonsmara Bull Calves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20van%20Soest">J. van Soest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bruneel"> B. Bruneel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Smit"> J. Smit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Williams"> N. Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Swiegers"> P. Swiegers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral involved in reducing oxidative stress, enhancing immune status, improving reproduction, and regulating growth. During finishing period, selenium supplementation can be applied to improve meat quality. Dietary selenium can be provided in inorganic or organic forms. Specifically, L-selenomethionine (organic selenium) allows for selenium storage in animal protein which supports the animal during periods of high oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of synthetically produced, single amino acid, L-selenomethionine (Excential Selenium 4000, Orffa Additives BV) on production parameters, health status, and meat quality of Bonsmara bull calves. 24 calves, 7 months of age, completed a 60-day initial growing period at a commercial feedlot, after which they were transported to research station Rumen-8 (Bethlehem, South-Africa). After a ten-day adaptation period, the bulls were allocated to a control (n=12) or treatment (n=12) group. Each group was divided over 3 pens based on weight. Both groups received Total Mixed Ration supplemented with 5.25 mg Se/head per day. The control group was supplemented with sodium selenite as Se source, whilst the treatment group was supplemented with L-selenomethionine (Excential Selenium 4000, Orffa Additives BV). Animals were limited to 10 kg feed intake per head per day to ensure similar Se intake. Treatment period lasted 1.5 months. A beta-adrenergic agonist was included in the feed for the last 30 days. During the treatment period, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded. Blood parameters were measured at day 1, day 25, and before slaughter (day 47). After slaughter, carcass weight, dressing percentage, grading, and meat quality (pH, tenderness, colour, odour, purge, proximate analyses, acid detergent fibre, and neutral detergent fibre) were determined. No differences between groups were found in performance. A higher number of animals with cortisol levels below detection limit (27.6 nmol/l) was recorded for the treatment group. Other blood parameters showed no differences. No differences were found regarding carcass weight and dressing percentage. Important parameters of meat quality were significantly improved in the treatment group: instrumental tenderness at 14 days ageing was 2.8 and 3.4 for treatment and control respectively (P=0.010), and a 0.5% decrease in purge (of fresh samples) was shown, 1.5% and 2.0% for treatment group and control respectively (p=0.029). Besides, pH was shown to be numerically reduced in the treatment group. In summary, supplementation with L-selenomethionine as selenium source improved meat quality compared to sodium selenite. Lower instrumental tenderness (Warner Bratzler Shear Force, WBSF) was recorded for the treatment group. This indicates less tough meat and highest consumer satisfaction. Regarding purge, control was just below 2.0%, an important threshold for consumer acceptation. Treatment group scored 0.5% lower for purge than control, indicating higher consumer satisfaction. The lower pH in the treatment group could be an indication of higher glycogen reserves in muscle which could contribute to a reduced risk of Dark Firm Dry carcasses. More animals showed cortisol levels below detection limit in the treatment group, indicating lower levels of stress when animals receive L-selenomethionine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calves" title="calves">calves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20quality" title=" meat quality"> meat quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenium" title=" selenium"> selenium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145302/effect-of-selenium-source-on-meat-quality-of-bonsmara-bull-calves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Effects of Delphinidin on Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells and Diet-Induced Obese Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcela%20Parra-Vargas">Marcela Parra-Vargas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Sandoval-Rodriguez"> Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Rodriguez-Echevarria"> Roberto Rodriguez-Echevarria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Dominguez-Rosales"> Jose Dominguez-Rosales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Armendariz-Borunda"> Juan Armendariz-Borunda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an excess of hepatic lipids, and it is to author’s best knowledge, the most prevalent chronic liver disorder. Anthocyanin-rich food consumption is linked to health benefits in metabolic disorders associated with obesity and NAFLD, although the precise functional role of anthocyanidin delphinidin (Dp) has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Dp in NAFLD metabolic alterations by evaluating prevention or amelioration of hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as molecular mechanisms in two experimental obesity-related models of NALFD. In vitro: HepG2 cells were incubated with sodium palmitate (PA, 1 mM) to induce lipotoxic damage, and concomitantly treated with Dp (180 uM) for 24 h. Subsequently, total lipid accumulation was measured by colorimetric staining with Oil Red O, and total intrahepatic triglycerides were determined by an enzymatic assay. To assess molecular mechanisms, cells were pre-treated with PA for 24 h and then exposed to Dp for 1 h. In vivo: four-week-old male C57BL/6Nhsd mice were allocated in two main groups. Mice were fed with standard diet (control) or high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (45% fat, HFD) for 16 wk to induce NAFLD. Then HFD was divided into subgroups: one treated orally with Dp (15 mg/kg bw, HFD-Dp) every day for 4 wk, while HFD group treated with vehicle (DMSO). Weight and fasting glucose were recorded weekly, while dietary ingestion was measured daily. Insulin tolerance test was performed at the end of treatment. Liver histology was evaluated with H&E and Masson’s trichrome stain. RT-PCR was used to evaluate gene expression and Western Blot to determine levels of protein in both experimental models. Parametric data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data, and P < 0.5 were considered significant. Dp prevented hepatic lipid accumulation by PA in HepG2 hepatocytes. Furthermore, Dp down-regulated gene expression of SREBP1c, FAS, and CPT1a without modifying AMPK phosphorylation levels. In vivo, Dp oral administration did not ameliorate lipid metabolic alterations raised by HFD. Adiposity, dietary ingestion, fasting glucose, and insulin sensitivity after Dp treatment remained similar to HFD group. Histological analysis showed hepatic damage in HFD groups and no differences between HFD and HFD-Dp groups were found. Hepatic gene expression of ACC and FAS were not altered by HFD. SREBP1c was similar in both HFD and HFD-Dp groups. No significant changes were observed in SREBP1c, ACC, and FAS adipose tissue gene expression by HFD or Dp treatment. Additionally, immunoblotting analysis revealed no changes in pathway SIRT1-LKB-AMPK and PPAR alpha by both HFD groups compared to control. In conclusion, the antioxidant Dp may provoke beneficial effects in the prevention of hepatic lipid accumulation. Nevertheless, the oral dose administrated in mice that simulated the total intake of anthocyanins consumed daily by humans has no effect as a treatment on hepatic lipid metabolic alterations and histological abnormalities associated with exposure to chronic HFD. A healthy lifestyle with regular intake of antioxidants such as anthocyanins may prevent metabolic alterations in NAFLD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthocyanins" title="anthocyanins">anthocyanins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delphinidin" title=" delphinidin"> delphinidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-alcoholic%20fatty%20liver%20disease" title=" non-alcoholic fatty liver disease"> non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89228/effects-of-delphinidin-on-lipid-metabolism-in-hepg2-cells-and-diet-induced-obese-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Effect of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Extract on Damaged Brain Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Batul%20Kagalwala">Batul Kagalwala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nervous system is made up of complex delicate structures such as the spinal cord, peripheral nerves and the brain. These are prone to various types of injury ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to trauma leading to diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple system atrophy etc. Unfortunately, because of the complicated structure of nervous system, spontaneous regeneration, repair and healing is seldom seen due to which brain damage, peripheral nerve damage and paralysis from spinal cord injury are often permanent and incapacitating. Hence, innovative and standardized approach is required for advance treatment of neurological injury. Nigella sativa (N. sativa), an annual flowering plant native to regions of southern Europe and Asia; has been suggested to have neuroprotective and anti-seizures properties. Neuroregeneration is found to occur in damaged cells when treated using extract of N. sativa. Due to its proven health benefits, lots of experiments are being conducted to extract all the benefits from the plant. The flowers are delicate and are usually pale blue and white in color with small black seeds. These seeds are the source of active components such as 30–40% fixed oils, 0.5–1.5% essential oils, pharmacologically active components containing thymoquinone (TQ), ditimoquinone (DTQ) and nigellin. In traditional medicine, this herb was identified to have healing properties and was extensively used Middle East and Far East for treating diseases such as head ache, back pain, asthma, infections, dysentery, hypertension, obesity and gastrointestinal problems. Literature studies have confirmed the extract of N. sativa seeds and TQ have inhibitory effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide as well as anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Experimental investigation will be conducted to understand which ingredient of N. sativa causes neuroregeneration and roots to its healing property. An aqueous/ alcoholic extract of N. sativa will be made. Seed oil is also found to have used by researchers to prepare such extracts. For the alcoholic extracts, the seeds need to be powdered and soaked in alcohol for a period of time and the alcohol must be evaporated using rotary evaporator. For aqueous extracts, the powder must be dissolved in distilled water to obtain a pure extract. The mobile phase will be the extract while the suitable stationary phase (substance that is a good adsorbent e.g. silica gels, alumina, cellulose etc.) will be selected. Different ingredients of N. sativa will be separated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for treating damaged cells. Damaged brain cells will be treated individually and in different combinations of 2 or 3 compounds for different intervals of time. The most suitable compound or a combination of compounds for the regeneration of cells will be determined using DOE methodology. Later the gene will also be determined and using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) it will be replicated in a plasmid vector. This plasmid vector shall be inserted in the brain of the organism used and replicated within. The gene insertion can also be done by the gene gun method. The gene in question can be coated on a micro bullet of tungsten and bombarded in the area of interest and gene replication and coding shall be studied. Investigation on whether the gene replicates in the organism or not will be examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin" title="black cumin">black cumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20cells" title=" brain cells"> brain cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title=" extract"> extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroregeneration" title=" neuroregeneration"> neuroregeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmids" title=" plasmids"> plasmids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vectors" title=" vectors"> vectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76882/effect-of-black-cumin-nigella-sativa-extract-on-damaged-brain-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">657</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Genetic Diversity of Exon-20 of the IIS6 of the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel Gene from Pyrethroid Resistant Anopheles Mosquitoes in Sudan Savannah Region of Jigawa State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%27u%20Mahe">Asma'u Mahe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20A.%20Imam"> Abdullahi A. Imam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20J.%20Alhassan"> Adamu J. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasiru%20Abdullahi"> Nasiru Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiya%20A.%20Bichi"> Sadiya A. Bichi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nura%20Lawal"> Nura Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaluddeen%20Babagana"> Kamaluddeen Babagana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malaria is a disease with global health significance. It is caused by parasites and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Increase in insecticide resistance threatens the disease vector control. The strength of selection pressure acting on a mosquito population in relation to insecticide resistance can be assess by determining the genetic diversity of a fragment spanning exon- 20 of IIS6 of the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC). Larval samples reared to adulthood were identified and kdr (knock down resistance) profile was determined. The DNA sequences were used to assess the patterns of genetic differentiation by determining the levels of genetic variability between the Anopheles mosquitoes. Genetic differentiation of the Anopheles mosquitoes based on a portion of the voltage gated sodium channel gene was obtained. Polymorphisms were detected; sequence variation and analysis were presented as a phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic tree of VGSC haplotypes was constructed for samples of the Anopheles mosquitoes using the maximum likelihood method in MEGA 6.0 software. DNA sequences were edited using BioEdit sequence editor. The edited sequences were aligned with reference sequence (Kisumu strain). Analyses were performed as contained in dnaSP 5.10. Results of genetic parameters of polymorphism and haplotype reconstruction were presented in count. Twenty sequences were used for the analysis. Regions selected were 1- 576, invariable (monomorphic) sites were 460 while variable (polymorphic) sites were 5 giving the number of total mutations observed in this study. Mutations obtained from the study were at codon 105: TTC- Phenylalanine replaces TCC- Serine, codon 513: TAG- Termination replaces TTG- Leucine, codon 153, 300 and 553 mutations were non-synonymous. From the constructed phylogenetic tree, some groups were shown to be closer with Exon20Gambiae Kisumu (Reference strain) having some genetic distance, while 5-Exon20Gambiae-F I13.ab1, 18-Exon20Gambiae-F C17.ab1, and 2-Exon20Gambiae-F C13.ab1 clustered together genetically differentiated away from others. Mutations observed in this study can be attributed to the high insecticide resistance profile recorded in the study areas. Haplotype networks of pattern of genetic variability and polymorphism for the fragment of the VGSC sequences of sampled Anopheles mosquitoes revealed low haplotypes for the present study. Haplotypes are set of closely linked DNA variation on X-chromosome. Haplotypes were scaled accordingly to reflect their respective frequencies. Low haplotype number, four VGSC-1014F haplotypes were observed in this study. A positive association was previously established between low haplotype number of VGSC diversity and pyrethroid resistance through kdr mechanism. Significant values at (P < 0.05) of Tajima D and Fu and Li D’ were observed for some of the results indicating possible signature of positive selection on the fragment of VGSC in the study. This is the first report of VGSC-1014F in the study site. Based on the results, the mutation was present in low frequencies. However, the roles played by the observed mutations need further investigation. Mutations, environmental factors among others can affect genetic diversity. The study area has recorded increase in insecticide resistance that can affect vector control in the area. This finding might affect the efforts made against malaria. Sequences were deposited in GenBank for Accession Number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anopheles%20mosquitoes" title="anopheles mosquitoes">anopheles mosquitoes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticide%20resistance" title=" insecticide resistance"> insecticide resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kdr" title=" kdr"> kdr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20gated%20sodium%20channel" title=" voltage gated sodium channel"> voltage gated sodium channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183431/genetic-diversity-of-exon-20-of-the-iis6-of-the-voltage-gated-sodium-channel-gene-from-pyrethroid-resistant-anopheles-mosquitoes-in-sudan-savannah-region-of-jigawa-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Climate Change Effects on Western Coastal Groundwater in Yemen (1981-2020)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afrah%20S.%20M.%20Al-Mahfadi">Afrah S. M. Al-Mahfadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is a global issue that has significant impacts on water resources, resulting in environmental, economic, and political consequences. Groundwater reserves, particularly in coastal areas, are facing depletion, leading to serious problems in regions such as Yemen. This study focuses on the western coastal region of Yemen, which already faces risks such as water crises, food insecurity, and widespread poverty. Climate change exacerbates these risks by causing high temperatures, sea level rise, inadequate sea level rise, and inadequate environmental policies. Research Aim: The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of climate change on the western coastal region of Yemen. Specifically, the study aims to analyze the relationship between climate change and the loss of fresh groundwater resources in this area. Methodology: The research utilizes a combination of a literature review and three case studies conducted through site visits. Arch-GIS mapping is employed to analyze and visualize the relationship between climate change and the depletion of fresh groundwater resources. Additionally, data on precipitation from 1981 to 2020 and scenarios of projected sea level rise (SLR) are considered. Findings: The study reveals several future issues resulting from climate change. It is projected that the annual temperature will increase while the rainfall rate will decrease. Furthermore, the sea level is expected to rise by approximately 0.30 to 0.72 meters by 2100. These factors contribute to the loss of wetlands, the retreat of shorelines and estuaries, and the intrusion of seawater into the coastal aquifer, rendering drinking water from wells increasingly saline. Data Collection and Analysis Procedures: Data for this research are collected through a literature review, including studies on climate change impacts in coastal areas and the hydrogeology of the study region. Furthermore, three case studies are conducted through site visits. Arch-GIS mapping techniques are utilized to analyze the relationship between climate change and the loss of fresh groundwater resources. Historical precipitation data from 1981 to 2020 and scenarios of projected sea level rise are also analyzed. Questions Addressed: (1) What is the impact of climate change on the western coastal region of Yemen? (2) How does climate change affect the availability of fresh groundwater resources in this area? Conclusion: The study concludes that the western coastal region of Yemen is facing significant challenges due to climate change. The projected increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, and rise in sea levels have severe implications, such as the loss of wetlands, shorelines, and estuaries. Additionally, the intrusion of seawater into the coastal aquifer further exacerbates the issue of saline drinking water. Urgent measures are needed to address climate change, including improving water management, implementing integrated coastal zone planning, raising awareness among stakeholders, and implementing emergency projects to mitigate the impacts. Recommendations: To mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, several recommendations are provided. These include improving water management practices, developing integrated coastal zone planning strategies, raising awareness among all stakeholders, improving health and education, and implementing emergency projects to combat climate change. These measures aim to enhance adaptive capacity and resilience in the face of future climate change impacts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20wetlands" title=" coastal wetlands"> coastal wetlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemen" title=" Yemen"> Yemen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169500/climate-change-effects-on-western-coastal-groundwater-in-yemen-1981-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> The Usefulness of Medical Scribes in the Emengecy Department</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Kang">Victor Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirene%20Bellahnid"> Sirene Bellahnid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Al-Simaani"> Amy Al-Simaani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efficient documentation and completion of clerical tasks are pillars of efficient patient-centered care in acute settings such as the emergency department (ED). Medical scribes aid physicians with documentation, navigation of electronic health records, results gathering, and communication coordination with other healthcare teams. However, the use of medical scribes is not widespread, with some hospitals even continuing to discontinue their programs. One reason for this could be the lack of studies that have outlined concrete improvements in efficiency and patient and provider satisfaction in emergency departments before and after incorporating scribes. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature concerning the implementation of a medical scribe program and emergency department performance. For this review, a narrative synthesis accompanied by textual commentaries was chosen to present the selected papers. PubMed was searched exclusively. Initially, no date limits were set, but seeing as the electronic medical record was officially implemented in Canada in 2013, studies published after this date were preferred as they provided insight into the interplay between its implementation and scribes on quality improvement. Results: Throughput, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness were the most commonly used parameters in evaluating scribes in the Emergency Department. Important throughput metrics, specifically door-to-doctor and disposition time, were significantly decreased in emergency departments that utilized scribes. Of note, this was shown to be the case in community hospitals, where the burden of documentation and clerical tasks would fall directly upon the attending physician. Academic centers differ in that they rely heavily on residents and students; so the implementation of scribes has been shown to have limited effect on these metrics. However, unique to academic centers was the provider’s perception of incrased time for teaching was unique to academic centers. Consequently, providers express increased work satisfaction in relation to time spent with patients and in teaching. Patients, on the other hand, did not demonstrate a decrease in satisfaction in regards to the care that was provided, but there was no significant increase observed either. Of the studies we reviewed, one of the biggest limitations was the lack of significance in the data. While many individual studies reported that medical scribes in emergency rooms improved relative value units, patient satisfaction, provider satisfaction, and increased number of patients seen, there was no statistically significant improvement in the above criteria when compiled in a systematic review. There is also a clear publication bias; very few studies with negative results were published. To prove significance, data from more emergency rooms with scribe programs would need to be compiled which also includes emergency rooms who did not report noticeable benefits. Furthermore, most data sets focused only on scribes in academic centers. Conclusion: Ultimately, the literature suggests that while emergency room physicians who have access to medical scribes report higher satisfaction due to lower clerical burdens and can see more patients per shift, there is still variability in terms of patient and provider satisfaction. Whether or not this variability exists due to differences in training (in-house trainees versus contractors), population profile (adult versus pediatric), setting (academic versus community), or which shifts scribe work cannot be determined based on the studies that exist. Ultimately, more scribe programs need to be evaluated to determine whether these variables affect outcomes and prove whether scribes significantly improve emergency room efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20medicine" title="emergency medicine">emergency medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20scribe" title=" medical scribe"> medical scribe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scribe" title=" scribe"> scribe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=documentation" title=" documentation"> documentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153760/the-usefulness-of-medical-scribes-in-the-emengecy-department" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> A Self-Heating Gas Sensor of SnO2-Based Nanoparticles Electrophoretic Deposited</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glauco%20M.%20M.%20M.%20Lustosa">Glauco M. M. M. Lustosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20C.%20Costa"> João Paulo C. Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20M.%20Zanetti"> Sonia M. Zanetti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Cilense"> Mario Cilense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leinig%20Ant%C3%B4nio%20Perazolli"> Leinig Antônio Perazolli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Aparecida%20Zaghete"> Maria Aparecida Zaghete</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The contamination of the environment has been one of the biggest problems of our time, mostly due to developments of many industries. SnO2 is an n-type semiconductor with band gap about 3.5 eV and has its electrical conductivity dependent of type and amount of modifiers agents added into matrix ceramic during synthesis process, allowing applications as sensing of gaseous pollutants on ambient. The chemical synthesis by polymeric precursor method consists in a complexation reaction between tin ion and citric acid at 90 °C/2 hours and subsequently addition of ethyleneglycol for polymerization at 130 °C/2 hours. It also prepared polymeric resin of zinc, cobalt and niobium ions. Stoichiometric amounts of the solutions were mixed to obtain the systems (Zn, Nb)-SnO2 and (Co, Nb) SnO2 . The metal immobilization reduces its segregation during the calcination resulting in a crystalline oxide with high chemical homogeneity. The resin was pre-calcined at 300 °C/1 hour, milled in Atritor Mill at 500 rpm/1 hour, and then calcined at 600 °C/2 hours. X-Ray Diffraction (XDR) indicated formation of SnO2 -rutile phase (JCPDS card nº 41-1445). The characterization by Scanning Electron Microscope of High Resolution showed spherical ceramic powder nanostructured with 10-20 nm of diameter. 20 mg of SnO2 -based powder was kept in 20 ml of isopropyl alcohol and then taken to an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) system. The EPD method allows control the thickness films through the voltage or current applied in the electrophoretic cell and by the time used for deposition of ceramics particles. This procedure obtains films in a short time with low costs, bringing prospects for a new generation of smaller size devices with easy integration technology. In this research, films were obtained in an alumina substrate with interdigital electrodes after applying 2 kV during 5 and 10 minutes in cells containing alcoholic suspension of (Zn, Nb)-SnO2 and (Co, Nb) SnO2 of powders, forming a sensing layer. The substrate has designed integrated micro hotplates that provide an instantaneous and precise temperature control capability when a voltage is applied. The films were sintered at 900 and 1000 °C in a microwave oven of 770 W, adapted by the research group itself with a temperature controller. This sintering is a fast process with homogeneous heating rate which promotes controlled growth of grain size and also the diffusion of modifiers agents, inducing the creation of intrinsic defects which will change the electrical characteristics of SnO2 -based powders. This study has successfully demonstrated a microfabricated system with an integrated micro-hotplate for detection of CO and NO2 gas at different concentrations and temperature, with self-heating SnO2 - based nanoparticles films, being suitable for both industrial process monitoring and detection of low concentrations in buildings/residences in order to safeguard human health. The results indicate the possibility for development of gas sensors devices with low power consumption for integration in portable electronic equipment with fast analysis. Acknowledgments The authors thanks to the LMA-IQ for providing the FEG-SEM images, and the financial support of this project by the Brazilian research funding agencies CNPq, FAPESP 2014/11314-9 and CEPID/CDMF- FAPESP 2013/07296-2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20synthesis" title="chemical synthesis">chemical synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrophoretic%20deposition" title=" electrophoretic deposition"> electrophoretic deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-heating" title=" self-heating"> self-heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55540/a-self-heating-gas-sensor-of-sno2-based-nanoparticles-electrophoretic-deposited" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Measurement System for Human Arm Muscle Magnetic Field and Grip Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuai%20Yuan">Shuai Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minxia%20Shi"> Minxia Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Zhang"> Xu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianzhi%20Yang"> Jianzhi Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kangqi%20Tian"> Kangqi Tian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuzheng%20Ma"> Yuzheng Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The precise measurement of muscle activities is essential for understanding the function of various body movements. This work aims to develop a muscle magnetic field signal detection system based on mathematical analysis. Medical research has underscored that early detection of muscle atrophy, coupled with lifestyle adjustments such as dietary control and increased exercise, can significantly enhance muscle-related diseases. Currently, surface electromyography (sEMG) is widely employed in research as an early predictor of muscle atrophy. Nonetheless, the primary limitation of using sEMG to forecast muscle strength is its inability to directly measure the signals generated by muscles. Challenges arise from potential skin-electrode contact issues due to perspiration, leading to inaccurate signals or even signal loss. Additionally, resistance and phase are significantly impacted by adipose layers. The recent emergence of optically pumped magnetometers introduces a fresh avenue for bio-magnetic field measurement techniques. These magnetometers possess high sensitivity and obviate the need for a cryogenic environment unlike superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). They detect muscle magnetic field signals in the range of tens to thousands of femtoteslas (fT). The utilization of magnetometers for capturing muscle magnetic field signals remains unaffected by issues of perspiration and adipose layers. Since their introduction, optically pumped atomic magnetometers have found extensive application in exploring the magnetic fields of organs such as cardiac and brain magnetism. The optimal operation of these magnetometers necessitates an environment with an ultra-weak magnetic field. To achieve such an environment, researchers usually utilize a combination of active magnetic compensation technology with passive magnetic shielding technology. Passive magnetic shielding technology uses a magnetic shielding device built with high permeability materials to attenuate the external magnetic field to a few nT. Compared with more layers, the coils that can generate a reverse magnetic field to precisely compensate for the residual magnetic fields are cheaper and more flexible. To attain even lower magnetic fields, compensation coils designed by Biot-Savart law are involved to generate a counteractive magnetic field to eliminate residual magnetic fields. By solving the magnetic field expression of discrete points in the target region, the parameters that determine the current density distribution on the plane can be obtained through the conventional target field method. The current density is obtained from the partial derivative of the stream function, which can be represented by the combination of trigonometric functions. Optimization algorithms in mathematics are introduced into coil design to obtain the optimal current density distribution. A one-dimensional linear regression analysis was performed on the collected data, obtaining a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9349 with a p-value of 0. This statistical result indicates a stable relationship between the peak-to-peak value (PPV) of the muscle magnetic field signal and the magnitude of grip strength. This system is expected to be a widely used tool for healthcare professionals to gain deeper insights into the muscle health of their patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20magnetic%20signal" title="muscle magnetic signal">muscle magnetic signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20shielding" title=" magnetic shielding"> magnetic shielding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation%20coils" title=" compensation coils"> compensation coils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigonometric%20functions." title=" trigonometric functions."> trigonometric functions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171772/measurement-system-for-human-arm-muscle-magnetic-field-and-grip-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> The Role of a Specialized Diet for Management of Fibromyalgia Symptoms: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddhant%20Yadav">Siddhant Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rylea%20Ranum"> Rylea Ranum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20Alberts"> Hannah Alberts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Kalaiger"> Abdul Kalaiger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brent%20Bauer"> Brent Bauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20Hurt"> Ryan Hurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann%20Vincent"> Ann Vincent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loren%20Toussaint"> Loren Toussaint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Nanda"> Sanjeev Nanda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and significance: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain disorder also characterized by chronic fatigue, morning stiffness, sleep, and cognitive symptoms, psychological disturbances (anxiety, depression), and is comorbid with multiple medical and psychiatric conditions. It has an incidence of 2-4% in the general population and is reported more commonly in women. Oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to contribute to pain in patients with FM, and the adoption of an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory diet has been suggested as a modality to alleviate symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of specialized diets (ketogenic, gluten free, Mediterranean, and low carbohydrate) in improving FM symptoms. Methodology: A comprehensive search of the following databases from inception to July 15th, 2021, was conducted: Ovid MEDLINE and Epub ahead of print, in-process and other non-indexed citations and daily, Ovid Embase, Ovid EBM reviews, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, EBSCO host CINAHL with full text, Elsevier Scopus, website and citation index, web of science emerging sources citation and clinicaltrials.gov. We included randomized controlled trials, non-randomized experimental studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, case series, and case reports in adults with fibromyalgia. The risk of bias was assessed with the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality designed, specific recommended criteria (AHRQ). Results: Thirteen studies were eligible for inclusion. This included a total of 761 participants. Twelve out of the 13 studies reported improvement in widespread body pain, joint stiffness, sleeping pattern, mood, and gastrointestinal symptoms, and one study reported no changes in symptomatology in patients with FM on specialized diets. None of the studies showed the worsening of symptoms associated with a specific diet. Most of the patient population was female, with the mean age at which fibromyalgia was diagnosed being 48.12 years. Improvement in symptoms was reported by the patient's adhering to a gluten-free diet, raw vegan diet, tryptophan- and magnesium-enriched Mediterranean diet, aspartame- and msg- elimination diet, and specifically a Khorasan wheat diet. Risk of bias assessment noted that 6 studies had a low risk of bias (5 clinical trials and 1 case series), four studies had a moderate risk of bias, and 3 had a high risk of bias. In many of the studies, the allocation of treatment (diets) was not adequately concealed, and the researchers did not rule out any potential impact from a concurrent intervention or an unintended exposure that might have biased the results. On the other hand, there was a low risk of attrition bias in all the trials; all were conducted with an intention-to-treat, and the inclusion/exclusion criteria, exposures/interventions, and primary outcomes were valid, reliable, and implemented consistently across all study participants. Concluding statement: Patients with fibromyalgia who followed specialized diets experienced a variable degree of improvement in their widespread body pain. Improvement was also seen in stiffness, fatigue, moods, sleeping patterns, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, the majority of the patients also reported improvement in overall quality of life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibromyalgia" title="fibromyalgia">fibromyalgia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specialized%20diet" title=" specialized diet"> specialized diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegan" title=" vegan"> vegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluten%20free" title=" gluten free"> gluten free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mediterranean" title=" Mediterranean"> Mediterranean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160852/the-role-of-a-specialized-diet-for-management-of-fibromyalgia-symptoms-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Role of Dedicated Medical Social Worker in Fund Mobilisation and Economic Evaluation in Ovarian Cancer: Experience from a Tertiary Referral Centre in Eastern India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aparajita%20Bhattacharya">Aparajita Bhattacharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mousumi%20Dutta"> Mousumi Dutta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakir%20Husain"> Zakir Husain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dionne%20Sequeira"> Dionne Sequeira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asima%20Mukhopadhyay"> Asima Mukhopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Tata Medical Centre (TMC), Kolkata is a major cancer referral centre in Eastern India and neighbouring countries providing state of the art facilities; however, it is a non-profit organisation with patients requiring to pay at subsidised rates. Although a system for social assessment and applying for governmental/ non-governmental (NGO) funds is in place, access is challenging. Amongst gynaecological cancers (GC), ovarian cancer (OC) is associated with the highest treatment cost; majority of which is required at the beginning when complex surgery is performed and funding arrangements cannot be made in time. We therefore appointed a dedicated Medical Social Worker (MSW) in 2016, supported by NGO for GC patients in order to assist patients/family members to access/avail these funds more readily and assist in economic evaluation for both direct and opportunity costs. Objectives: To reflect on our experience and challenges in collecting data on economic evaluation of cancer patients and compare success rates in achieving fund mobilization after introduction of MSW. Methods: A Retrospective survey. Patients with OC and their relatives were seen by the MSW during the initial outpatients department visit and followed though till discharge from the hospital and during follow-up visits. Assistance was provided in preparing the essential documents/paperwork/contacts for the funding agencies including both governmental (Chief-Minister/Prime-Minister/President) and NGO sources. In addition, a detailed questionnaire was filled up for economic assessment of direct/opportunity costs during the entire treatment and 12 months follow up period which forms a part of the study called HEPTROC (Health economic evaluation of primary treatment for ovarian cancer) developed in collaboration with economics departments of Universities. Results: In 2015, 102 patients were operated for OC; only 16 patients (15.68 %) had availed funding of a total sum of INR 1640000 through the hospital system for social assessment. Following challenges were faced by majority of the relatives: 1. Gathering important documents/proper contact details for governmental funding bodies and difficulty in following up the current status 3. Late arrival of funds. In contrast in 2016, 104 OC patients underwent surgery; the direct cost of treatment was significantly higher (median, INR 300000- 400000) compared to other GCs (n=274). 98/104 (94.23%) OC patients could be helped to apply for funds and 90/104(86.56%) patients received funding amounting to a total of INR 10897000. There has been a tenfold increase in funds mobilized in 2016 after the introduction of dedicated MSW in GC. So far, in 2017 (till June), 46/54(85.18%) OC patients applied for funds and 37/54(68.51%) patients have received funding. In a qualitative survey, all patients appreciated the role of the MSW who subsequently became the key worker for patient follow up and the chief portal for patient reported outcome monitoring. Data collection quality for the HEPTROC study was improved when questionnaires were administered by the MSW compared to researchers. Conclusion: Introduction of cancer specific MSW can expedite the availability of funds required for cancer patients and it can positively impact on patient satisfaction and outcome reporting. The economic assessment will influence fund allocation and decision for policymaking in ovarian cancer. Acknowledgement: Jivdaya Foundation Dallas, Texas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20evaluation" title="economic evaluation">economic evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=funding" title=" funding"> funding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20social%20worker" title=" medical social worker"> medical social worker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20cancer" title=" ovarian cancer"> ovarian cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81558/role-of-dedicated-medical-social-worker-in-fund-mobilisation-and-economic-evaluation-in-ovarian-cancer-experience-from-a-tertiary-referral-centre-in-eastern-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> An Innovation Decision Process View in an Adoption of Total Laboratory Automation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Jung%20Chen">Chia-Jung Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chi%20Hsu"> Yu-Chi Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=June-Dong%20Lin"> June-Dong Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun-Chen%20Chan"> Kun-Chen Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chieh-Tien%20Wang"> Chieh-Tien Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Ching%20Wu"> Li-Ching Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Feng%20Liu"> Chung-Feng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With fast advances in healthcare technology, various total laboratory automation (TLA) processes have been proposed. However, adopting TLA needs quite high funding. This study explores an early adoption experience by Taiwan’s large-scale hospital group, the Chimei Hospital Group (CMG), which owns three branch hospitals (Yongkang, Liouying and Chiali, in order by service scale), based on the five stages of Everett Rogers’ Diffusion Decision Process. 1.Knowledge stage: Over the years, two weaknesses exists in laboratory department of CMG: 1) only a few examination categories (e.g., sugar testing and HbA1c) can now be completed and reported within a day during an outpatient clinical visit; 2) the Yongkang Hospital laboratory space is dispersed across three buildings, resulting in duplicated investment in analysis instruments and inconvenient artificial specimen transportation. Thus, the senior management of the department raised a crucial question, was it time to process the redesign of the laboratory department? 2.Persuasion stage: At the end of 2013, Yongkang Hospital’s new building and restructuring project created a great opportunity for the redesign of the laboratory department. However, not all laboratory colleagues had the consensus for change. Thus, the top managers arranged a series of benchmark visits to stimulate colleagues into being aware of and accepting TLA. Later, the director of the department proposed a formal report to the top management of CMG with the results of the benchmark visits, preliminary feasibility analysis, potential benefits and so on. 3.Decision stage: This TLA suggestion was well-supported by the top management of CMG and, finally, they made a decision to carry out the project with an instrument-leasing strategy. After the announcement of a request for proposal and several vendor briefings, CMG confirmed their laboratory automation architecture and finally completed the contracts. At the same time, a cross-department project team was formed and the laboratory department assigned a section leader to the National Taiwan University Hospital for one month of relevant training. 4.Implementation stage: During the implementation, the project team called for regular meetings to review the results of the operations and to offer an immediate response to the adjustment. The main project tasks included: 1) completion of the preparatory work for beginning the automation procedures; 2) ensuring information security and privacy protection; 3) formulating automated examination process protocols; 4) evaluating the performance of new instruments and the instrument connectivity; 5)ensuring good integration with hospital information systems (HIS)/laboratory information systems (LIS); and 6) ensuring continued compliance with ISO 15189 certification. 5.Confirmation stage: In short, the core process changes include: 1) cancellation of signature seals on the specimen tubes; 2) transfer of daily examination reports to a data warehouse; 3) routine pre-admission blood drawing and formal inpatient morning blood drawing can be incorporated into an automatically-prepared tube mechanism. The study summarizes below the continuous improvement orientations: (1) Flexible reference range set-up for new instruments in LIS. (2) Restructure of the specimen category. (3) Continuous review and improvements to the examination process. (4) Whether installing the tube (specimen) delivery tracks need further evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20decision%20process" title="innovation decision process">innovation decision process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20laboratory%20automation" title=" total laboratory automation"> total laboratory automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title=" health care"> health care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25598/an-innovation-decision-process-view-in-an-adoption-of-total-laboratory-automation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> MusicTherapy for Actors: An Exploratory Study Applied to Students from University Theatre Faculty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20De%20Serio">Adriana De Serio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Korek"> Adrian Korek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: This experiential research work presents a Group-MusicTherapy-Theatre-Plan (MusThePlan) the authors have carried out to support the actors. The MusicTherapy gives rise to individual psychophysical feedback and influences the emotional centres of the brain and the subconsciousness. Therefore, the authors underline the effectiveness of the preventive, educational, and training goals of the MusThePlan to lead theatre students and actors to deal with anxiety and to overcome psychophysical weaknesses, shyness, emotional stress in stage performances, to increase flexibility, awareness of one's identity and resources for a positive self-development and psychophysical health, to develop and strengthen social bonds, increasing a network of subjects working for social inclusion and reduction of stigma. Materials-Methods: Thirty students from the University Theatre Faculty participated in weekly music therapy sessions for two months; each session lasted 120 minutes. MusThePlan: Each session began with a free group rhythmic-sonorous-musical-production by body-percussion, voice-canto, instruments, to stimulate communication. Then, a synchronized-structured bodily-rhythmic-sonorous-musical production also involved acting, dances, movements of hands and arms, hearing, and more sensorial perceptions and speech to balance motor skills and the muscular tone. Each student could be the director-leader of the group indicating a story to inspire the group's musical production. The third step involved the students in rhythmic speech and singing drills and in vocal exercises focusing on the musical pitch to improve the intonation and on the diction to improve the articulation and lead up it to an increased intelligibility. At the end of each musictherapy session and of the two months, the Musictherapy Assessment Document was drawn up by analysis of observation protocols and two Indices by the authors: Patient-Environment-Music-Index (time to - tn) to estimate the behavior evolution, Somatic Pattern Index to monitor subject’s eye and mouth and limb motility, perspiration, before, during and after musictherapy sessions. Results: After the first month, the students (non musicians) learned to play percussion instruments and formed a musical band that played classical/modern music on the percussion instruments with the musictherapist/pianist/conductor in a public concert. At the end of the second month, the students performed a public musical theatre show, acting, dancing, singing, and playing percussion instruments. The students highlighted the importance of the playful aspects of the group musical production in order to achieve emotional contact and harmony within the group. The students said they had improved kinetic and vocal and all the skills useful for acting activity and the nourishment of the bodily and emotional balance. Conclusions: The MusThePlan makes use of some specific MusicTherapy methodological models, techniques, and strategies useful for the actors. The MusThePlan can destroy the individual "mask" and can be useful when the verbal language is unable to undermine the defense mechanisms of the subject. The MusThePlan improves actor’s psychophysical activation, motivation, gratification, knowledge of one's own possibilities, and the quality of life. Therefore, the MusThePlan could be useful to carry out targeted interventions for the actors with characteristics of repeatability, objectivity, and predictability of results. Furthermore, it would be useful to plan a University course/master in “MusicTherapy for the Theatre”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musictherapy" title="musictherapy">musictherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sonorous-musical%20energy" title=" sonorous-musical energy"> sonorous-musical energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theatre" title=" theatre"> theatre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176695/musictherapy-for-actors-an-exploratory-study-applied-to-students-from-university-theatre-faculty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Biological Soil Crust Effects on Dust Control Around the Urmia Lake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Ahmadi">Abbas Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Aliasgharzad"> Nasser Aliasgharzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Asghar%20Jafarzadeh"> Ali Asghar Jafarzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, drying of the Urmia Lake as a largest saline lake in the world and emerging its saline bed from water has caused the risk of salty dune storms, which threats the health of human society and also plants and animal communities living in the region. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) as a dust stabilizer attracted the attention of Soil conservation experts in recent years. Although the presence of water by the impenetrable lake bed and endorheic basin can be an advantage to create BSCs, but the extraordinary of the lake bed salinity is a factor for prevention of its establishment in the region. Therefore, the present research work has been carried out to investigate the effects of inoculating the Cyanobacteria, algae and their combination to create BSCs for dust control. In this study, an algae attributed to Chlamydomonas sp and a cyanobacteria attributed to Anabaena sp isolated from the soils of Urmia Lake margin were used to create BSC in four soil samples which collected from 0-10 cm of the current margin (A), the previous bed (B), affected lands by lake (C) and Quomtappe sand dune (D). The main characteristics of the A, B and C soil samples are their highly salinity (their ECe are 108, 140 and 118 dS/m, respectively) and sodicity. Also, texture class of the soil A was loamy sand, and other two soils had clay textures. Soil D was Non-saline, but it was sodic with a sandy texture class. This study was conducted separately in each soil in a completely randomized design under four inoculation treatments of non-inoculated (T0), Algae (T1), cyanobacteria (T2) and equal mixture of algae and cyanobacteria (T3) with three replications. In the experiment, the soil was placed into wind tunnel trays, and a suspension containing microorganisms mixed with the trays surface soil. During the experiment, water was sprayed to the trays at the morning and evening of every day. After passing the incubation period (30 days), some characteristics of samples such as pH, EC, cold water extractable carbohydrate (CWEC), hot water extractable carbohydrate (HWEC), sulfuric acid extractable carbohydrate (SAEC), organic matter, crust thickness, penetration resistance, wind erosion threshold velocity and soil loss in the wind tunnel were measured, and Correlation between the measured characteristics was obtained through the SPSS software. Analysis of variance and so comparison between the means of treatments were analyzed with MSTATC software. In this research, Chlorophyll, an amount, was used as an indicator of the microorganism's population in the samples. Based on obtained results, the amount of Chlorophyll a in the T2 treatment of soil A and all treatments of soil D was significantly increased in comparison to the control and crust thickness showed increase in all treatments by microorganism’s inoculation. But effect of the treatments was significant in soils A and D. At all treatment’s inoculation of microorganisms in soil A caused to increase %46, %34 and %55 of the wind erosion threshold velocity in T1, T2 and T3 treatments in comparison to the control, respectively, and in soil D all treatments caused wind erosion threshold velocity became two times more than control. However, soil loss in the wind tunnel experiments was significant in T2 and T3 treatments of these soils and T1 treatment had no effect in reducing soil loss. Correlation between Chlorophyll a and salinity shows the important role of salinity in microbial growth prevention and formation of BSCs in the studied samples. In general, according to the obtained results, it can be concluded that salinity reduces the growth of microorganisms in saline soils of the region, and in soils with fine textures, salinity role in prevention of the microbial growth is clear. Also, using the mix of algae and cyanobacteria together caused the synergistic growth of them and consequently, better protection of the soil against wind erosion was provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20erosion" title="wind erosion">wind erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title=" algae"> algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanobacteria" title=" cyanobacteria"> cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbohydrate" title=" carbohydrate"> carbohydrate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172995/biological-soil-crust-effects-on-dust-control-around-the-urmia-lake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> The Distribution of Prevalent Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Authorized Food Store Formats Differ by U.S. Region and Rurality: Implications for Food Access and Obesity Linkages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bailey%20Houghtaling">Bailey Houghtaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Serrano"> Elena Serrano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivica%20Kraak"> Vivica Kraak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20Harden"> Samantha Harden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Davis"> George Davis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Misyak"> Sarah Misyak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> United States (U.S.) Department of Agriculture Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants are low-income Americans receiving federal dollars for supplemental food and beverage purchases. Participants use a variety of (traditional/non-traditional) SNAP-authorized stores for household dietary purchases - also representing food access points for all Americans. Importantly consumers' food and beverage purchases from non-traditional store formats tend to be higher in saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium when compared to purchases from traditional (e.g., grocery/supermarket) formats. Overconsumption of energy-dense and low-nutrient food and beverage products contribute to high obesity rates and adverse health outcomes that differ in severity among urban/rural U.S. locations and high/low-income populations. Little is known about the SNAP-authorized food store format landscape nationally, regionally, or by urban-rural status, as traditional formats are currently used as the gold standard in food access research. This research utilized publicly available U.S. databases to fill this large literature gap and to provide insight into modes of food access for vulnerable U.S. populations: (1) SNAP Retailer Locator which provides a list of all authorized food stores in the U.S., and; (2) Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) that categorize U.S. counties as urban (RUCC 1-3) or rural (RUCC 4-9). Frequencies were determined for the highest occurring food store formats nationally and within two regionally diverse U.S. states – Virginia in the east and California in the west. Store format codes were assigned (e.g., grocery, drug, convenience, mass merchandiser, supercenter, dollar, club, or other). RUCC was applied to investigate state-level differences in urbanity-rurality regarding prevalent food store formats and Chi Square test of independence was used to determine if food store format distributions significantly (p < 0.05) differed by region or rurality. The resulting research sample that represented highly prevalent SNAP-authorized food stores nationally included 41.25% of all SNAP stores in the U.S. (N=257,839), comprised primarily of convenience formats (31.94%) followed by dollar (25.58%), drug (19.24%), traditional (10.87%), supercenter (6.85%), mass merchandiser (1.62%), non-food store or restaurant (1.81%), and club formats (1.09%). Results also indicated that the distribution of prevalent SNAP-authorized formats significantly differed by state. California had a lower proportion of traditional (9.96%) and a higher proportion of drug (28.92%) formats than Virginia- 11.55% and 19.97%, respectively (p < 0.001). Virginia also had a higher proportion of dollar formats (26.11%) when compared to California (10.64%) (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed for rurality variables (p < 0.001). Prominently, rural Virginia had a significantly higher proportion of dollar formats (41.71%) when compared to urban Virginia (21.78%) and rural California (21.21%). Non-traditional SNAP-authorized formats are highly prevalent and significantly differ in distribution by U.S. region and rurality. The largest proportional difference was observed for dollar formats where the least nutritious consumer purchases are documented in the literature. Researchers/practitioners should investigate non-traditional food stores at the local level using these research findings and similar applied methodologies to determine how access to various store formats impact obesity prevalence. For example, dollar stores may be prime targets for interventions to enhance nutritious consumer purchases in rural Virginia while targeting drug formats in California may be more appropriate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20access" title="food access">food access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20store%20format" title=" food store format"> food store format</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition%20interventions" title=" nutrition interventions"> nutrition interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNAP%20consumers" title=" SNAP consumers"> SNAP consumers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97298/the-distribution-of-prevalent-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-authorized-food-store-formats-differ-by-us-region-and-rurality-implications-for-food-access-and-obesity-linkages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> The Ecuador Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Escand%C3%B3n">Samuel Escandón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20J.%20Pe%C3%B1aherrera-V%C3%A9lez"> María J. Peñaherrera-Vélez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Signe%20Vargas-Rosvik"> Signe Vargas-Rosvik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Jerves%20C%C3%B3rdova"> Carlos Jerves Córdova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ximena%20V%C3%A9lez-Calvo"> Ximena Vélez-Calvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ang%C3%A9lica%20Ochoa-Avil%C3%A9s"> Angélica Ochoa-Avilés</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Overweight and obesity are considered risk factors in childhood for developing nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In Ecuador, 35.4% of 5- to 11-year-olds and 29.6% of 12- to 19-year-olds are overweight or obese. Globally, unhealthy food environments characterized by high consumption of processed/ultra-processed food and rapid urbanization are highly related to the increasing nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. The evidence shows that in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), fiscal policies and regulatory measures significantly reduce unhealthy food environments, achieving substantial advances in health. However, in some LMICs, little is known about the impact of governments' action to implement healthy food-environment policies. This study aimed to generate evidence on the state of implementation of public policy focused on food environments for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Ecuador compared to global best practices and to target key recommendations for reinforcing the current strategies. After adapting the INFORMAS' Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food‐EPI) to the Ecuadorian context, the Policy and Infrastructure support components were assessed. Individual online interviews were performed using fifty-one indicators to analyze the level of implementation of policies directly or indirectly related to preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents compared to international best practices. Additionally, a participatory workshop was conducted to identify the critical indicators and generate recommendations to reinforce or improve the political action around them. In total, 17 government and non-government experts were consulted. From 51 assessed indicators, only the one corresponding to the nutritional information and ingredients labelling registered an implementation level higher than 60% (67%) compared to the best international practices. Among the 17 indicators determined as priorities by the participants, those corresponding to the provision of local products in school meals and the limitation of unhealthy-products promotion in traditional and digital media had the lowest level of implementation (34% and 11%, respectively) compared to global best practices. The participants identified more barriers (e.g., lack of continuity of effective policies across government administrations) than facilitators (e.g., growing interest from the Ministry of Environment because of the eating-behavior environmental impact) for Ecuador to move closer to the best international practices. Finally, within the participants' recommendations, we highlight the need for policy-evaluation systems, information transparency on the impact of the policies, transformation of successful strategies into laws or regulations to make them mandatory, and regulation of power and influence from the food industry (conflicts of interest). Actions focused on promoting a more active role of society in the stages of policy formation and achieving more articulated actions between the different government levels/institutions for implementing the policy are necessary to generate a noteworthy impact on preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Including systems for internal evaluation of existing strategies to strengthen successful actions, create policies to fill existing gaps and reform policies that do not generate significant impact should be a priority for the Ecuadorian government to improve the country's food environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20and%20adolescents" title="children and adolescents">children and adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food-EPI" title=" food-EPI"> food-EPI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20policies" title=" food policies"> food policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20food%20environment" title=" healthy food environment"> healthy food environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172816/the-ecuador-healthy-food-environment-policy-index-food-epi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Capsaicin Derivatives Enhanced Activity of α1β2γ2S-Aminobutyric Acid Type a Receptor Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20H.%20Wong">Jia H. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingli%20Zhang"> Jingli Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habsah%20Mohamad"> Habsah Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iswatun%20H.%20Abdullah%20Ripain"> Iswatun H. Abdullah Ripain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal"> Muhammad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelia%20J.%20Lloyd"> Amelia J. Lloyd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20A.%20Mohamed%20Yusoff"> Abdul A. Mohamed Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafri%20M.%20Abdullah"> Jafri M. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases affecting more than 50 million of people worldwide. Epilepsy is a state of recurrent, spontaneous seizures with multiple syndromes and symptoms of different causes of brain dysfunction, prognosis, and treatments; characterized by transient, occasional and stereotyped interruptions of behavior whereby the excitatory-inhibitory activities within the central nervous system (CNS) are thrown out of balance due to various kinds of interferences. The goal of antiepileptic treatment is to enable patients to be free from seizures or to achieve control of seizures through surgical treatment and/or pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy through AED plays an important role especially in countries with epilepsy treatment gap due to costs and availability of health facilities, skills and resources, yet there are about one-third of the people with epilepsy have drug-resistant seizures. Hence, this poses considerable challenges to the healthcare system and the effort in providing cost-effective treatment as well as the search for alternatives to treatment and management of epilepsy. Enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission is one of the key mechanisms of actions of antiepileptic drugs. GABA type > a receptors (GABAAR) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate rapid inhibitory neurotransmission upon the binding of GABA with a heteropentameric structure forming a central pore that is permeable to the influx of chloride ions in its activated state. The major isoform of GABAA receptors consists of two α1, two β2, and one γ2 subunit. It is the most abundantly expressed combinations in the brain and the most commonly researched through Xenopus laevis oocytes. With the advancing studies on ethnomedicine and traditional treatments using medicinal plants, increasing evidence reveal that spice and herb plants with medicinal properties play an important role in the treatment of ailments within communities across different cultures. Capsaicin is the primary natural capsaicinoid in hot peppers of plant genus Capsicum, consist of an aromatic ring, an amide linkage and a hydrophobic side chain. The study showed that capsaicins conferred neuroprotection in status epilepticus mouse models through anti-ictogenic, hypothermic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic actions in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, five capsaicin derivatives were tested for their ability to increase the GABA-induced chloride current on α1β2γ2S of GABAAR expressed on Xenopus laevis oocytes using the method of two-microelectrode voltage clamp. Two of the capsaicin derivatives, IS5 (N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylbutyramide) and IS10 (N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-decanamide) at a concentration of 30µM were able to significantly increase the GABA-induced chloride current with p=0.002 and p=0.026 respectively. This study were able to show the enhancement effect of two capsaicin derivatives with moderate length of hydrocarbon chain on this receptor subtype, revealing the promising inhibitory activity of capsaicin derivatives through enhancement of GABA-induced chloride current and further investigations should be carried out to verify its antiepileptic effects in animal models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B11%CE%B22%CE%B32%20GABAA%20receptors" title="α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors">α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B11%CE%B22%CE%B32S" title=" α1β2γ2S"> α1β2γ2S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiepileptic" title=" antiepileptic"> antiepileptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsaicin%20derivatives" title=" capsaicin derivatives"> capsaicin derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-microelectrode%20voltage%20clamp" title=" two-microelectrode voltage clamp"> two-microelectrode voltage clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xenopus%20laevis%20oocytes" title=" Xenopus laevis oocytes"> Xenopus laevis oocytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38140/capsaicin-derivatives-enhanced-activity-of-a1v2gh2s-aminobutyric-acid-type-a-receptor-expressed-in-xenopus-laevis-oocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program: Fresh Groudwater Risk Assessement from Tarcrete Material across the Raudhatain and Sabriyah Oil Fields, North Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20Al-Qallaf">Nada Al-Qallaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Al-Barood"> Aisha Al-Barood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%20Lekmine"> Djamel Lekmine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasan%20Vedhapuri"> Srinivasan Vedhapuri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) under the supervision of Kuwait National Focal Point (KNFP) is planning to remediate 26 million (M) m3 of oil-contaminated soil in oil fields of Kuwait as a direct and indirect fallout of the Gulf War during 1990-1991. This project is funded by the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) under the Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program (KERP). Oil-contamination of the soil occurred due to the destruction of the oil wells and spilled crude oil across the land surface and created ‘oil lakes’ in low lying land. Aerial fall-out from oil spray and combustion products from oil fires combined with the sand and gravel on the ground surface to form a layer of hardened ‘Tarcrete’. The unique fresh groundwater lenses present in the Raudhatain and Sabriya subsurface areas had been impacted by the discharge and/or spills of dissolved petroleum constituents. These fresh groundwater aquifers were used for drinking water purposes until 1990, prior to invasion. This has significantly damages altered the landscape, ecology and habitat of the flora and fauna and in Kuwait Desert. Under KERP, KOC is fully responsible for the planning and execution of the remediation and restoration projects in KOC oil fields. After the initial recommendation of UNCC to construct engineered landfills for containment and disposal of heavily contaminated soils, two landfills were constructed, one in North Kuwait and another in South East Kuwait of capacity 1.7 million m3 and 0.5 million m3 respectively. KOC further developed the Total Remediation Strategy in conjunction with KNFP and has obtained UNCC approval. The TRS comprises of elements such as Risk Based Approach (RBA), Bioremediation of low Contaminated Soil levels, Remediation Treatment Technologies, Sludge Disposal via Beneficial Recycling or Re-use and Engineered landfills for Containment of untreatable materials. Risk Based Assessment as a key component to avoid any unnecessary remedial works, where it can be demonstrated that human health and the environment are sufficiently protected in the absence of active remediation. This study demonstrates on the risks of tarcrete materials spread over areas 20 Km2 on the fresh Ground water lenses/catchment located beneath the Sabriyah and Raudhatain oil fields in North Kuwait. KOC’s primary objective is to provide justification of using RBA, to support a case with the Kuwait regulators to leave the tarcrete material in place, rather than seek to undertake large-scale removal and remediation. The large-scale coverage of the tarcrete in the oil fields and perception that the residual contamination associated with this source is present in an environmentally sensitive area essentially in ground water resource. As part of this assessment, conceptual site model (CSM) and complete risk-based and fate and transport modelling was carried out which includes derivation of site-specific assessment criteria (SSAC) and quantification of risk to identified waters resource receptors posed by tarcrete impacted areas. The outcome of this assessment was determined that the residual tarcrete deposits across the site area shall not create risks to fresh groundwater resources and the remedial action to remove and remediate the surficial tarcrete deposits is not warranted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20site%20model" title="conceptual site model">conceptual site model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20groundwater" title=" fresh groundwater"> fresh groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-contaminated%20soil" title=" oil-contaminated soil"> oil-contaminated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tarcrete" title=" tarcrete"> tarcrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20based%20assessment" title=" risk based assessment"> risk based assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136951/kuwait-environmental-remediation-program-fresh-groudwater-risk-assessement-from-tarcrete-material-across-the-raudhatain-and-sabriyah-oil-fields-north-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Sexuality Education through Media and Technology: Addressing Unmet Needs of Adolescents in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhana%20Alam%20Bhuiyan">Farhana Alam Bhuiyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Khan"> Saad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanveer%20Hassan"> Tanveer Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jhalok%20Ranjon%20Talukder"> Jhalok Ranjon Talukder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syeda%20Farjana%20Ahmed"> Syeda Farjana Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahil%20Roodsaz"> Rahil Roodsaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Els%20Rommes"> Els Rommes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabina%20Faiz%20Rashid"> Sabina Faiz Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breaking the shame’ is a 3 year (2015-2018) qualitative implementation research project which investigates several aspects of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) issues for adolescents living in Bangladesh. Scope of learning SRHR issues for adolescents is limited here due to cultural and religious taboos. This study adds to the ongoing discussions around adolescent’s SRHR needs and aims to, 1) understand the overall SRHR needs of urban and rural unmarried female and male adolescents and the challenges they face, 2) explore existing gaps in the content of SRHR curriculum and 3) finally, addresses some critical knowledge gaps by developing and implementing innovative SRHR educational materials. 18 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and 10 focus-group discussions (FGDs) with boys and 21 IDIs and 14 FGDs with girls of ages 13-19, from both urban and rural setting took place. Curriculum materials from two leading organizations, Unite for Body Rights (UBR) Alliance Bangladesh and BRAC Adolescent Development Program (ADP) were also reviewed, with discussions with 12 key program staff. This paper critically analyses the relevance of some of the SRHR topics that are covered, the challenges with existing pedagogic approaches and key sexuality issues that are not covered in the content, but are important for adolescents. Adolescents asked for content and guidance on a number of topics which remain missing from the core curriculum, such as emotional coping mechanisms particularly in relationships, bullying, impact of exposure to porn, and sexual performance anxiety. Other core areas of concern were effects of masturbation, condom use, sexual desire and orientation, which are mentioned in the content, but never discussed properly, resulting in confusion. Due to lack of open discussion around sexuality, porn becomes a source of information for the adolescents. For these reasons, several myths and misconceptions regarding SRHR issues like body, sexuality, agency, and gender roles still persist. The pedagogical approach is very didactic, and teachers felt uncomfortable to have discussions on certain SRHR topics due to cultural taboos or shame and stigma. Certain topics are favored- such as family planning, menstruation- and presented with an emphasis on biology and risk. Rigid formal teaching style, hierarchical power relations between students and most teachers discourage questions and frank conversations. Pedagogy approaches within classrooms play a critical role in the sharing of knowledge. The paper also describes the pilot approaches to implementing new content in SRHR curriculum. After a review of findings, three areas were selected as critically important, 1) myths and misconceptions 2) emotional management challenges, and 3) how to use condom, that have come up from adolescents. Technology centric educational materials such as web page based information platform and you tube videos are opted for which allow adolescents to bypass gatekeepers and learn facts and information from a legitimate educational site. In the era of social media, when information is always a click away, adolescents need sources that are reliable and not overwhelming. The research aims to ensure that adolescents learn and apply knowledge effectively, through creating the new materials and making it accessible to adolescents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title=" Bangladesh"> Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexuality%20education" title=" sexuality education"> sexuality education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmet%20needs" title=" unmet needs "> unmet needs </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74024/sexuality-education-through-media-and-technology-addressing-unmet-needs-of-adolescents-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Circular Tool and Dynamic Approach to Grow the Entrepreneurship of Macroeconomic Metabolism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Areias">Maria Areias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diogo%20Sim%C3%B5es"> Diogo Simões</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Figueiredo"> Ana Figueiredo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anishur%20Rahman"> Anishur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filipa%20Figueiredo"> Filipa Figueiredo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20Nunes"> João Nunes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is expected that close to 7 billion people will live in urban areas by 2050. In order to improve the sustainability of the territories and its transition towards circular economy, it’s necessary to understand its metabolism and promote and guide the entrepreneurship answer. The study of a macroeconomic metabolism involves the quantification of the inputs, outputs and storage of energy, water, materials and wastes for an urban region. This quantification and analysis representing one opportunity for the promotion of green entrepreneurship. There are several methods to assess the environmental impacts of an urban territory, such as human and environmental risk assessment (HERA), life cycle assessment (LCA), ecological footprint assessment (EF), material flow analysis (MFA), physical input-output table (PIOT), ecological network analysis (ENA), multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) among others. However, no consensus exists about which of those assessment methods are best to analyze the sustainability of these complex systems. Taking into account the weaknesses and needs identified, the CiiM - Circular Innovation Inter-Municipality project aims to define an uniform and globally accepted methodology through the integration of various methodologies and dynamic approaches to increase the efficiency of macroeconomic metabolisms and promoting entrepreneurship in a circular economy. The pilot territory considered in CiiM project has a total area of 969,428 ha, comprising a total of 897,256 inhabitants (about 41% of the population of the Center Region). The main economic activities in the pilot territory, which contribute to a gross domestic product of 14.4 billion euros, are: social support activities for the elderly; construction of buildings; road transport of goods, retailing in supermarkets and hypermarkets; mass production of other garments; inpatient health facilities; and the manufacture of other components and accessories for motor vehicles. The region's business network is mostly constituted of micro and small companies (similar to the Central Region of Portugal), with a total of 53,708 companies identified in the CIM Region of Coimbra (39 large companies), 28,146 in the CIM Viseu Dão Lafões (22 large companies) and 24,953 in CIM Beiras and Serra da Estrela (13 large companies). For the construction of the database was taking into account data available at the National Institute of Statistics (INE), General Directorate of Energy and Geology (DGEG), Eurostat, Pordata, Strategy and Planning Office (GEP), Portuguese Environment Agency (APA), Commission for Coordination and Regional Development (CCDR) and Inter-municipal Community (CIM), as well as dedicated databases. In addition to the collection of statistical data, it was necessary to identify and characterize the different stakeholder groups in the pilot territory that are relevant to the different metabolism components under analysis. The CIIM project also adds the potential of a Geographic Information System (GIS) so that it is be possible to obtain geospatial results of the territorial metabolisms (rural and urban) of the pilot region. This platform will be a powerful visualization tool of flows of products/services that occur within the region and will support the stakeholders, improving their circular performance and identifying new business ideas and symbiotic partnerships. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy%20tools" title="circular economy tools">circular economy tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment%20macroeconomic%20metabolism" title=" life cycle assessment macroeconomic metabolism"> life cycle assessment macroeconomic metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicriteria%20decision%20analysis" title=" multicriteria decision analysis"> multicriteria decision analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support%20tools" title=" decision support tools"> decision support tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20entrepreneurship" title=" circular entrepreneurship"> circular entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20and%20regional%20symbiosis" title=" industrial and regional symbiosis"> industrial and regional symbiosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167166/circular-tool-and-dynamic-approach-to-grow-the-entrepreneurship-of-macroeconomic-metabolism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> A Prospective Neurosurgical Registry Evaluating the Clinical Care of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Presenting to Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20J.%20Kuo">Benjamin J. Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20D.%20Vaca"> Silvia D. Vaca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joao%20Ricardo%20Nickenig%20Vissoci"> Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20A.%20%20Staton"> Catherine A. Staton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20%20Xu"> Linda Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Muhumuza"> Michael Muhumuza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Ssenyonjo"> Hussein Ssenyonjo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Mukasa"> John Mukasa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20%20Kiryabwire"> Joel Kiryabwire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Nanjula"> Lydia Nanjula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20%20Muhumuza"> Christine Muhumuza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20E.%20Rice"> Henry E. Rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerald%20A.%20%20Grant"> Gerald A. Grant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20M.%20Haglund"> Michael M. Haglund</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is disproportionally concentrated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with the odds of dying from TBI in Uganda more than 4 times higher than in high income countries (HICs). The disparities in the injury incidence and outcome between LMICs and resource-rich settings have led to increased health outcomes research for TBIs and their associated risk factors in LMICs. While there have been increasing TBI studies in LMICs over the last decade, there is still a need for more robust prospective registries. In Uganda, a trauma registry implemented in 2004 at the Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) showed that RTI is the major contributor (60%) of overall mortality in the casualty department. While the prior registry provides information on injury incidence and burden, it’s limited in scope and doesn’t follow patients longitudinally throughout their hospital stay nor does it focus specifically on TBIs. And although these retrospective analyses are helpful for benchmarking TBI outcomes, they make it hard to identify specific quality improvement initiatives. The relationship among epidemiology, patient risk factors, clinical care, and TBI outcomes are still relatively unknown at MNRH. Objective: The objectives of this study are to describe the processes of care and determine risk factors predictive of poor outcomes for TBI patients presenting to a single tertiary hospital in Uganda. Methods: Prospective data were collected for 563 TBI patients presenting to a tertiary hospital in Kampala from 1 June – 30 November 2016. Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) was used to systematically collect variables spanning 8 categories. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to determine significant predictors of mortality. Results: 563 TBI patients were enrolled from 1 June – 30 November 2016. 102 patients (18%) received surgery, 29 patients (5.1%) intended for surgery failed to receive it, and 251 patients (45%) received non-operative management. Overall mortality was 9.6%, which ranged from 4.7% for mild and moderate TBI to 55% for severe TBI patients with GCS 3-5. Within each TBI severity category, mortality differed by management pathway. Variables predictive of mortality were TBI severity, more than one intracranial bleed, failure to receive surgery, high dependency unit admission, ventilator support outside of surgery, and hospital arrival delayed by more than 4 hours. Conclusions: The overall mortality rate of 9.6% in Uganda for TBI is high, and likely underestimates the true TBI mortality. Furthermore, the wide-ranging mortality (3-82%), high ICU fatality, and negative impact of care delays suggest shortcomings with the current triaging practices. Lack of surgical intervention when needed was highly predictive of mortality in TBI patients. Further research into the determinants of surgical interventions, quality of step-up care, and prolonged care delays are needed to better understand the complex interplay of variables that affect patient outcome. These insights guide the development of future interventions and resource allocation to improve patient outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=care%20continuum" title="care continuum">care continuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20neurosurgery" title=" global neurosurgery"> global neurosurgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kampala%20Uganda" title=" Kampala Uganda"> Kampala Uganda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMIC" title=" LMIC"> LMIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulago" title=" Mulago"> Mulago</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospective%20registry" title=" prospective registry"> prospective registry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injury" title=" traumatic brain injury"> traumatic brain injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79536/a-prospective-neurosurgical-registry-evaluating-the-clinical-care-of-traumatic-brain-injury-patients-presenting-to-mulago-national-referral-hospital-in-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Evaluation of Functional Properties of Protein Hydrolysate from the Fresh Water Mussel Lamellidens marginalis for Nutraceutical Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Chakrabarti">Jana Chakrabarti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhushrita%20Das"> Madhushrita Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankhi%20Haldar"> Ankhi Haldar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshni%20Chatterjee"> Roshni Chatterjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanmoy%20Dey"> Tanmoy Dey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pubali%20Dhar"> Pubali Dhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High incidences of Protein Energy Malnutrition as a consequence of low protein intake are quite prevalent among the children in developing countries. Thus prevention of under-nutrition has emerged as a critical challenge to India’s developmental Planners in recent times. Increase in population over the last decade has led to greater pressure on the existing animal protein sources. But these resources are currently declining due to persistent drought, diseases, natural disasters, high-cost of feed, and low productivity of local breeds and this decline in productivity is most evident in some developing countries. So the need of the hour is to search for efficient utilization of unconventional low-cost animal protein resources. Molluscs, as a group is regarded as under-exploited source of health-benefit molecules. Bivalve is the second largest class of phylum Mollusca. Annual harvests of bivalves for human consumption represent about 5% by weight of the total world harvest of aquatic resources. The freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis is widely distributed in ponds and large bodies of perennial waters in the Indian sub-continent and well accepted as food all over India. Moreover, ethno-medicinal uses of the flesh of Lamellidens among the rural people to treat hypertension have been documented. Present investigation thus attempts to evaluate the potential of Lamellidens marginalis as functional food. Mussels were collected from freshwater ponds and brought to the laboratory two days before experimentation for acclimatization in laboratory conditions. Shells were removed and fleshes were preserved at- 20oC until analysis. Tissue homogenate was prepared for proximate studies. Fatty acids and amino acids composition were analyzed. Vitamins, Minerals and Heavy metal contents were also studied. Mussel Protein hydrolysate was prepared using Alcalase 2.4 L and degree of hydrolysis was evaluated to analyze its Functional properties. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and DPPH Antioxidant assays were performed. Anti-hypertensive property was evaluated by measuring Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition assay. Proximate analysis indicates that mussel meat contains moderate amount of protein (8.30±0.67%), carbohydrate (8.01±0.38%) and reducing sugar (4.75±0.07%), but less amount of fat (1.02±0.20%). Moisture content is quite high but ash content is very low. Phospholipid content is significantly high (19.43 %). Lipid constitutes, substantial amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which have proven prophylactic values. Trace elements are found present in substantial amount. Comparative study of proximate nutrients between Labeo rohita, Lamellidens and cow’s milk indicates that mussel meat can be used as complementary food source. Functionality analyses of protein hydrolysate show increase in Fat absorption, Emulsification, Foaming capacity and Protein solubility. Progressive anti-oxidant and anti-hypertensive properties have also been documented. Lamellidens marginalis can thus be regarded as a functional food source as this may combine effectively with other food components for providing essential elements to the body. Moreover, mussel protein hydrolysate provides opportunities for utilizing it in various food formulations and pharmaceuticals. The observations presented herein should be viewed as a prelude to what future holds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20food" title="functional food">functional food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20properties" title=" functional properties"> functional properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamellidens%20marginalis" title=" Lamellidens marginalis"> Lamellidens marginalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20hydrolysate" title=" protein hydrolysate"> protein hydrolysate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22410/evaluation-of-functional-properties-of-protein-hydrolysate-from-the-fresh-water-mussel-lamellidens-marginalis-for-nutraceutical-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Promoting Environmental Sustainability in Rural Areas with CMUH Green Experiential Education Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Chu%20Liu">Yi-Chu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiu-Huei%20Hung"> Hsiu-Huei Hung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Hui%20Yang"> Li-Hui Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Jyh%20Chen"> Ming-Jyh Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> introduction: To promote environmental sustainability, the hospital formed a corporate volunteer team in 2016 to build the Green Experiential Education Center. Our green creation center utilizes attic space to achieve sustainability objectives such as energy efficiency and carbon reduction. Other than executing sustainable plans, the center emphasizes experiential education. We invite our community to actively participate in building a sustainable, economically viable environment. Since 2020, the China Medical University Hospital has provided medical care to the Tgbin community in Taichung City's Heping District. The tribe, primarily composed of Atayal people, the elderly comprise 18% of the total population, and these families' per capita income is relatively low compared to Taiwanese citizens elsewhere. Purpose / Methods: With the experiences at the Green Experiential Education Center, CMUH team identifies the following objectives: Create an aquaponic system to supply vulnerable local households with food. Create a solar renewable energy system to meet the electricity needs of vulnerable local households. Promote the purchase of green electricity certificates to reduce the hospital's carbon emissions and generate additional revenue for the local community. Materials and Methods: In March 2020, we visited the community and installed The aquaponic system in January 2021. CMUH spent 150,000NT (approximately 5000US dollars) in March 2021 to build a 100-square-meter aquaponic system. The production of vegetables and fish caught determines the number of vulnerable families that can be supported. The aquaponics system is a kind of Low energy consumption and environmentally friendly production method, and can simultaneously achieve energy saving, water saving, and fertilizer saving .In September 2023, CMUH will complete a solar renewable energy system. The system will cover an area of 308 square meters and costs approximately NT$240,000 (approximately US$8,000). The installation of electricity meters will enable statistical analysis of power generation. And complete the Taiwan National Renewable Energy Certificate application process. The green electricity certificate will be obtained based on the monthly power generation from the solar renewable energy system. Results: I Food availability and access are crucial considering the remote location and aging population. By creating a fish and vegetable symbiosis system, the vegetables and catches produced will enable economically disadvantaged families to lower food costs. In 2021 and 2022, the aquaponic system produced 52 kilograms of vegetables and 75 kilograms of catch. The production ensures the daily needs of 8 disadvantaged families. Conclusions: The hospital serves as a fortress for public health and the ideal setting for corporate social responsibility. China Medical University Hospital and the Green Experiential Education Center work to strengthen ties with rural communities and offer top-notch specialty medical care. We are committed to assisting people in escaping poverty and hunger as part of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20education" title="environmental education">environmental education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation" title=" energy conservation"> energy conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emissions" title=" carbon emissions"> carbon emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20area%20development" title=" rural area development"> rural area development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163408/promoting-environmental-sustainability-in-rural-areas-with-cmuh-green-experiential-education-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Efficacy of Solanum anguivi Lam Fruits (African Bitter Berry) in Lowering Glucose Levels in Diabetes Mellitus and Increasing Survival</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Musaazi%20Sebunya%20Nakitto">Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anika%20E.%20Wagner"> Anika E. Wagner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20B.%20Byaruhanga"> Yusuf B. Byaruhanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20H.%20Muyonga"> John H. Muyonga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prevalence and burden of diabetes are rapidly increasing globally, stemming from changes in lifestyle and dietary habits. Although several drugs are available to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), many are accompanied by several side effects and are often costly. Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) are bitter berries that commonly grow in the wild and are traditionally cultivated by many globally as a remedy for T2DM. This effect is likely attributable to the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and vitamin C in SALF. In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics of different SALF accessions and the effect of ripeness stages and thermal treatments on the bioactive compounds contents (BCC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of SALF accessions. Using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) model, we explored the potential impact of dietary SALF in preventing and treating T2DM phenotypes. Morphological characterization was conducted based on descriptors of Solanum species. The BCC and AA of SALF at different ripeness stages (unripe, yellow, orange, and red) and after thermal treatments were determined using spectrophotometry, HPLC, and gravimetry. Male and female fruit flies were fed a high-sugar diet (HSD) to induce a T2DM-like phenotype, while control flies were fed on SY10 medium for up to 24 days. Experimental flies were exposed to HSD supplemented with 5 or 10 mg/ml SALF. The therapeutic and prevention effect of SALF in T2DM-like phenotype was investigated on weight, climbing activity, glucose and triglyceride contents, survival, and gene expression of PPARγ co-activator 1α fly homolog Srl and Drosophila insulin-like peptides. Methods in fly studies included Gustatory assay, Climbing assay, Glucose GOD-PAP assay, Triglyceride GPO-PAP assay, Roti-Quant®, and Real Time-PCR analysis. The ripeness stage significantly influenced SALF BCC and AA, and this was dependent on the accession. The unripe stage had the highest AA and total phenolics and flavonoids; the orange stage was rich in saponins, while the red stage had the highest alkaloid contents. Boiling and steaming increased the total phenolics and AA up to 4-fold and 3-fold, respectively. Drying at low temperatures resulted in higher phenolics and AA than the control. In the therapeutic model, the HSD-fed female flies exhibited elevated glucose levels, which exhibited a dose-dependent reduction upon exposure to a SALF-supplemented diet. Female flies fed on a SALF+ HSD exhibited a significant increase in survival compared to HSD-fed and control diet-fed flies. SALF supplementation did not alter the weights, fitness, and triglyceride levels of female flies in comparison with HSD-only-fed flies. The mRNA levels of Srl decreased in HSD-fed flies compared to the control-fed, with no effect observed in females exposed to HSD+SALF. Similarly, in the preventative model, the SALF diet resulted in higher survival of supplemented flies compared to controls. Consumption of boiled unripe SALF may result in the highest health benefits due to the high phenolic contents and antioxidant activity observed. Dietary intake of SALF significantly lowered glucose levels and increased survival of the D. melanogaster model. Additional studies in higher organisms are needed to explore the preventative and therapeutic potential of SALF in T2DM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20compounds" title=" bioactive compounds"> bioactive compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitter%20berries" title=" bitter berries"> bitter berries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drosophila%20melanogaster" title=" Drosophila melanogaster"> Drosophila melanogaster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solanum%20anguivi" title=" Solanum anguivi"> Solanum anguivi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" type 2 diabetes mellitus"> type 2 diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival" title=" survival"> survival</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190336/efficacy-of-solanum-anguivi-lam-fruits-african-bitter-berry-in-lowering-glucose-levels-in-diabetes-mellitus-and-increasing-survival" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Biotech Processes to Recover Valuable Fraction from Buffalo Whey Usable in Probiotic Growth, Cosmeceutical, Nutraceutical and Food Industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Alfano">Alberto Alfano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20D%E2%80%99ambrosio"> Sergio D’ambrosio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darshankumar%20Parecha"> Darshankumar Parecha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donatella%20Cimini"> Donatella Cimini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiara%20Schiraldi."> Chiara Schiraldi.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study regards the setup of an efficient small-scale platform for the conversion of local renewable waste materials, such as whey, into added-value products, thereby reducing environmental impact and costs deriving from the disposal of processing waste products. The buffalo milk whey derived from the cheese-making process, called second cheese whey, is the main by-product of the dairy industry. Whey is the main and most polluting by-product obtained from cheese manufacturing consisting of lactose, lactic acid, proteins, and salts, making whey an added-value product. In Italy, and in particular, in the Campania region, soft cheese production needs a large volume of liquid waste, especially during late spring and summer. This project is part of a circular economy perspective focused on the conversion of potentially polluting and difficult to purify waste into a resource to be exploited, and it embodies the concept of the three “R”: reduce, recycle, and reuse. Special focus was paid to the production of health-promoting biomolecules and biopolymers, which may be exploited in different segments of the food and pharmaceutical industries. These biomolecules may be recovered through appropriate processes and reused in an attempt to obtain added value products. So, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration processes were performed to fractionate bioactive components starting from buffalo milk whey. In this direction, the present study focused on the implementation of a downstream process that converts waste generated from food and food processing industries into added value products with potential applications. Owing to innovative downstream and biotechnological processes, rather than a waste product may be considered a resource to obtain high added value products, such as food supplements (probiotics), cosmeceuticals, biopolymers, and recyclable purified water. Besides targeting gastrointestinal disorders, probiotics such as Lactobacilli have been reported to improve immunomodulation and protection of the host against infections caused by viral and bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, also inactivated microbial (probiotic) cells and their metabolic products, indicated as parabiotic and postbiotics, respectively, have a crucial role and act as mediators in the modulation of the host’s immune function. To boost the production of biomass (both viable and/or heat inactivated cells) and/or the synthesis of growth-related postbiotics, such as EPS, efficient and sustainable fermentation processes are necessary. Based on a “zero-waste” approach, wastes generated from local industries can be recovered and recycled to develop sustainable biotechnological processes to obtain probiotics as well as post and parabiotic, to be tested as bioactive compounds against gastrointestinal disorders. The results have shown it was possible to recover an ultrafiltration retentate with suitable characteristics to be used in skin dehydration, to perform films (i.e., packaging for food industries), or as a wound repair agent and a nanofiltration retentate to recover lactic acid and carbon sources (e.g., lactose, glucose..) used for microbial cultivation. On the side, the last goal is to obtain purified water that can be reused throughout the process. In fact, water reclamation and reuse provide a unique and viable opportunity to augment traditional water supplies, a key issue nowadays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotech%20process" title="biotech process">biotech process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downstream%20process" title=" downstream process"> downstream process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic%20growth" title=" probiotic growth"> probiotic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=from%20waste%20to%20product" title=" from waste to product"> from waste to product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffalo%20whey" title=" buffalo whey"> buffalo whey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163374/biotech-processes-to-recover-valuable-fraction-from-buffalo-whey-usable-in-probiotic-growth-cosmeceutical-nutraceutical-and-food-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Optical Coherence Tomography in Differentiation of Acute and Non-Healing Wounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananya%20Barui">Ananya Barui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Provas%20Banerjee"> Provas Banerjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyotirmoy%20Chatterjee"> Jyotirmoy Chatterjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of optical technology in medicine and biology has a long track-record. In this endeavor, OCT is able to attract both engineers and biologists to work together in the ﬁeld of photonics for establishing a striking non-invasive imaging technology. In contrast to other in vivo imaging modalities like Raman imaging, confocal imaging, two-photon microscopy etc. which can perform in vivo imaging upto 100-200 micron depth due to limitation in numerical aperture or scattering, however, OCT can achieve high-resolution imaging upto few millimeters of tissue structures depending on their refractive index in different anatomical location. This tomographic system depends on interference of two light waves in an interferometer to produce a depth profile of specimen. In wound healing, frequent collection of biopsies for follow-up of repair process could be avoided by such imaging technique. Real time skin OCT (the optical biopsy) has efficacy in deeper and faster illumination of cutaneou tissue to acquire high resolution cross sectional images of their internal micro-structure. Swept Source-OCT (SS-OCT), a novel imaging technique, can generate high-speed depth profile (~ 2 mm) of wound at a sweeping rate of laser with micron level resolution and optimum coherent length of 5-6 mm. Normally multi-layered skin tissue depicts different optical properties along with variation in thickness, refractive index and composition (i.e. keratine layer, water, fat etc.) according to their anatomical location. For instance, stratum corneum, the upper-most and relatively dehydrated layer of epidermis reflects more light and produces more lucid and a sharp demarcation line with rest of the hydrated epidermal region. During wound healing or regeneration, optical properties of cutaneous tissue continuously altered with maturation of wound bed. More mature and less hydrated tissue component reflects more light and becomes visible as a brighter area in comparison to immature region which content higher amount water or fat that depicts as a darker area in OCT image. Non-healing wound possess prolonged inflammation and inhibits nascent proliferative stage. Accumulation of necrotic tissues also prevents the repair of non-healing wounds. Due to high resolution and potentiality to reflect the compositional aspects of tissues in terms of their optical properties, this tomographic method may facilitate in differentiating non-healing and acute wounds in addition to clinical observations. Non-invasive OCT offers better insight regarding specific biological status of tissue in health and pathological conditions, OCT images could be associated with histo-pathological ‘gold standard’. This correlated SS-OCT and microscopic evaluation of the wound edges can provide information regarding progressive healing and maturation of the epithelial components. In the context of searching analogy between two different imaging modalities, their relative performances in imaging of healing bed were estimated for probing an alternative approach. Present study validated utility of SS-OCT in revealing micro-anatomic structure in the healing bed with newer information. Exploring precise correspondence of OCT images features with histo-chemical findings related to epithelial integrity of the regenerated tissue could have great implication. It could establish the ‘optical biopsy’ as a potent non-invasive diagnostic tool for cutaneous pathology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histo-pathology" title="histo-pathology">histo-pathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20invasive%20imaging" title=" non invasive imaging"> non invasive imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCT" title=" OCT"> OCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42083/optical-coherence-tomography-in-differentiation-of-acute-and-non-healing-wounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> A Generative Pretrained Transformer-Based Question-Answer Chatbot and Phantom-Less Quantitative Computed Tomography Bone Mineral Density Measurement System for Osteoporosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Huang">Mian Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Ma"> Chi Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junyu%20Lin"> Junyu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Lu"> William Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Bone health attracts more attention recently and an intelligent question and answer (QA) chatbot for osteoporosis is helpful for science popularization. With Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) technology developing, we build an osteoporosis corpus dataset and then fine-tune LLaMA, a famous open-source GPT foundation large language model(LLM), on our self-constructed osteoporosis corpus. Evaluated by clinical orthopedic experts, our fine-tuned model outperforms vanilla LLaMA on osteoporosis QA task in Chinese. Three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measured bone mineral density (BMD) is considered as more accurate than DXA for BMD measurement in recent years. We develop an automatic Phantom-less QCT(PL-QCT) that is more efficient for BMD measurement since no need of an external phantom for calibration. Combined with LLM on osteoporosis, our PL-QCT provides efficient and accurate BMD measurement for our chatbot users. Material and Methods: We build an osteoporosis corpus containing about 30,000 Chinese literatures whose titles are related to osteoporosis. The whole process is done automatically, including crawling literatures in .pdf format, localizing text/figure/table region by layout segmentation algorithm and recognizing text by OCR algorithm. We train our model by continuous pre-training with Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA, rank=10) technology to adapt LLaMA-7B model to osteoporosis domain, whose basic principle is to mask the next word in the text and make the model predict that word. The loss function is defined as cross-entropy between the predicted and ground-truth word. Experiment is implemented on single NVIDIA A800 GPU for 15 days. Our automatic PL-QCT BMD measurement adopt AI-associated region-of-interest (ROI) generation algorithm for localizing vertebrae-parallel cylinder in cancellous bone. Due to no phantom for BMD calibration, we calculate ROI BMD by CT-BMD of personal muscle and fat. Results & Discussion: Clinical orthopaedic experts are invited to design 5 osteoporosis questions in Chinese, evaluating performance of vanilla LLaMA and our fine-tuned model. Our model outperforms LLaMA on over 80% of these questions, understanding ‘Expert Consensus on Osteoporosis’, ‘QCT for osteoporosis diagnosis’ and ‘Effect of age on osteoporosis’. Detailed results are shown in appendix. Future work may be done by training a larger LLM on the whole orthopaedics with more high-quality domain data, or a multi-modal GPT combining and understanding X-ray and medical text for orthopaedic computer-aided-diagnosis. However, GPT model gives unexpected outputs sometimes, such as repetitive text or seemingly normal but wrong answer (called ‘hallucination’). Even though GPT give correct answers, it cannot be considered as valid clinical diagnoses instead of clinical doctors. The PL-QCT BMD system provided by Bone’s QCT(Bone’s Technology(Shenzhen) Limited) achieves 0.1448mg/cm2(spine) and 0.0002 mg/cm2(hip) mean absolute error(MAE) and linear correlation coefficient R2=0.9970(spine) and R2=0.9991(hip)(compared to QCT-Pro(Mindways)) on 155 patients in three-center clinical trial in Guangzhou, China. Conclusion: This study builds a Chinese osteoporosis corpus and develops a fine-tuned and domain-adapted LLM as well as a PL-QCT BMD measurement system. Our fine-tuned GPT model shows better capability than LLaMA model on most testing questions on osteoporosis. Combined with our PL-QCT BMD system, we are looking forward to providing science popularization and early morning screening for potential osteoporotic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPT" title="GPT">GPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phantom-less%20QCT" title=" phantom-less QCT"> phantom-less QCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20language%20model" title=" large language model"> large language model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title=" osteoporosis"> osteoporosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181562/a-generative-pretrained-transformer-based-question-answer-chatbot-and-phantom-less-quantitative-computed-tomography-bone-mineral-density-measurement-system-for-osteoporosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> The Impact of Right to Repair Initiatives on Environmental and Financial Performance in European Consumer Electronics Firms: An Econometric Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Stabler">Daniel Stabler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Laure%20Mention"> Anne-Laure Mention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henri%20Hakala"> Henri Hakala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Alaassar"> Ahmad Alaassar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Europe, 2.2 billion tons of waste annually generate severe environmental damage and economic burdens, and negatively impact human health. A stark illustration of the problem is found within the consumer electronics industry, which reflects one of the most complex global waste streams. Of the 5.3 billion globally discarded mobile phones in 2022, only 17% were properly recycled. To address these pressing issues, Europe has made significant strides in developing waste management strategies, Circular Economy initiatives, and Right to Repair policies. These endeavors aim to make product repair and maintenance more accessible, extend product lifespans, reduce waste, and promote sustainable resource use. European countries have introduced Right to Repair policies, often in conjunction with extended producer responsibility legislation, repair subsidies, and consumer repair indices, to varying degrees of regulatory rigor. Changing societal trends emphasizing sustainability and environmental responsibility have driven consumer demand for more sustainable and repairable products, benefiting repair-focused consumer electronics businesses. In academic research, much of the literature in Management studies has examined the European Circular Economy and the Right to Repair from firm-level perspectives. These studies frequently employ a business-model lens, emphasizing innovation and strategy frameworks. However, this study takes an institutional perspective, aiming to understand the adoption of Circular Economy and repair-focused business models within the European consumer electronics market. The concepts of the Circular Economy and the Right to Repair align with institutionalism as they reflect evolving societal norms favoring sustainability and consumer empowerment. Regulatory institutions play a pivotal role in shaping and enforcing these concepts through legislation, influencing the behavior of businesses and individuals. Compliance and enforcement mechanisms are essential for their success, compelling actors to adopt sustainable practices and consider product life extension. Over time, these mechanisms create a path for more sustainable choices, underscoring the influence of institutions and societal values on behavior and decision-making. Institutionalism, particularly 'neo-institutionalism,' provides valuable insights into the factors driving the adoption of Circular and repair-focused business models. Neo-institutional pressures can manifest through coercive regulatory initiatives or normative standards shaped by socio-cultural trends. The Right to Repair movement has emerged as a prominent and influential idea within academic discourse and sustainable development initiatives. Therefore, understanding how macro-level societal shifts toward the Circular Economy and the Right to Repair trigger firm-level responses is imperative. This study aims to answer a crucial question about the impact of European Right to Repair initiatives had on the financial and environmental performance of European consumer electronics companies at the firm level. A quantitative and statistical research design will be employed. The study will encompass an extensive sample of consumer electronics firms in Northern and Western Europe, analyzing their financial and environmental performance in relation to the implementation of Right to Repair mechanisms. The study's findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the broader implications of the Right to Repair and Circular Economy initiatives on the European consumer electronics industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title="circular economy">circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20repair" title=" right to repair"> right to repair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutionalism" title=" institutionalism"> institutionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management" title=" environmental management"> environmental management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=european%20union" title=" european union"> european union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175759/the-impact-of-right-to-repair-initiatives-on-environmental-and-financial-performance-in-european-consumer-electronics-firms-an-econometric-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Settings of Conditions Leading to Reproducible and Robust Biofilm Formation in vitro in Evaluation of Drug Activity against Staphylococcal Biofilms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adela%20Diepoltova">Adela Diepoltova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klara%20Konecna"> Klara Konecna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ondrej%20Jandourek"> Ondrej Jandourek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Nachtigal"> Petr Nachtigal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A loss of control over antibiotic-resistant pathogens has become a global issue due to severe and often untreatable infections. This state is reflected in complicated treatment, health costs, and higher mortality. All these factors emphasize the urgent need for the discovery and development of new anti-infectives. One of the most common pathogens mentioned in the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance are bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. These bacterial agents have developed several mechanisms against the effect of antibiotics. One of them is biofilm formation. In staphylococci, biofilms are associated with infections such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, catheter-related bloodstream infections, etc. To author's best knowledge, no validated and standardized methodology evaluating candidate compound activity against staphylococcal biofilms exists. However, a variety of protocols for in vitro drug activity testing has been suggested, yet there are often fundamental differences. Based on our experience, a key methodological step that leads to credible results is to form a robust biofilm with appropriate attributes such as firm adherence to the substrate, a complex arrangement in layers, and the presence of extracellular polysaccharide matrix. At first, for the purpose of drug antibiofilm activity evaluation, the focus was put on various conditions (supplementation of cultivation media by human plasma/fetal bovine serum, shaking mode, the density of initial inoculum) that should lead to reproducible and robust in vitro staphylococcal biofilm formation in microtiter plate model. Three model staphylococcal reference strains were included in the study: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35983). The total biofilm biomass was quantified using the Christensen method with crystal violet, and results obtained from at least three independent experiments were statistically processed. Attention was also paid to the viability of the biofilm-forming staphylococcal cells and the presence of extracellular polysaccharide matrix. The conditions that led to robust biofilm biomass formation with attributes for biofilms mentioned above were then applied by introducing an alternative method analogous to the commercially available test system, the Calgary Biofilm Device. In this test system, biofilms are formed on pegs that are incorporated into the lid of the microtiter plate. This system provides several advantages (in situ detection and quantification of biofilm microbial cells that have retained their viability after drug exposure). Based on our preliminary studies, it was found that the attention to the peg surface and substrate on which the bacterial biofilms are formed should also be paid to. Therefore, further steps leading to the optimization were introduced. The surface of pegs was coated by human plasma, fetal bovine serum, and L-polylysine. Subsequently, the willingness of bacteria to adhere and form biofilm was monitored. In conclusion, suitable conditions were revealed, leading to the formation of reproducible, robust staphylococcal biofilms in vitro for the microtiter model and the system analogous to the Calgary biofilm device, as well. The robustness and typical slime texture could be detected visually. Likewise, an analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a complex three-dimensional arrangement of biofilm forming organisms surrounded by an extracellular polysaccharide matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-biofilm%20drug%20activity%20screening" title="anti-biofilm drug activity screening">anti-biofilm drug activity screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20biofilm%20formation" title=" in vitro biofilm formation"> in vitro biofilm formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtiter%20plate%20model" title=" microtiter plate model"> microtiter plate model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Calgary%20biofilm%20device" title=" the Calgary biofilm device"> the Calgary biofilm device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staphylococcal%20infections" title=" staphylococcal infections"> staphylococcal infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20modification" title=" substrate modification"> substrate modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20coating" title=" surface coating"> surface coating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130200/settings-of-conditions-leading-to-reproducible-and-robust-biofilm-formation-in-vitro-in-evaluation-of-drug-activity-against-staphylococcal-biofilms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Preparation and Struggle of Two Generations for Future Care: A Study of Intergenerational Care Planning among Mainland Immigrant Ageing Families in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xue%20Bai">Xue Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranran%20He"> Ranran He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Liu"> Chang Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Care planning before the onset of intensive care needs can benefit older adults’ psychological well-being and increases families’ ability to manage caregiving crises and cope with care transitions. Effective care planning requires collaborative ‘team-work’ in families. However, future care planning has not been substantially examined in intergenerational or family contexts, let alone among immigrant families who have to face particular challenges in parental caregiving. From a family systems perspective, this study intends to explore the extent, processes, and contents of intergenerational care planning of Mainland immigrant ageing families in Hong Kong and to examine the intergenerational congruence and discrepancies in the care planning process. Adopting a qualitative research design, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 adult child-older parent pairs and another 33 adult children. In total, 50 adult children who migrated to Hong Kong after the age of 18 with more than three years’ work experience in Hong Kong had at least one parent aged over 55 years old who was not a Hong Kong resident and considered his/herself as the primary caregiver of the parent were recruited. Seventeen ageing parents of the recruited adult children were invited for dyadic interviews. Scarcity of caregiving resources in the context of cross-border migration, intergenerational discrepancies in care planning stages, both generations’ struggle and ambivalence toward filial care, intergenerational transmission of care values, and facilitating role of accumulated family capital in care preparation were primary themes concluded from participants’ narratives. Compared with ageing parents, immigrant adult children generally displayed lower levels of care planning. Although with a strong awareness of parents’ future care needs, few adult children were found engaged in concrete planning activities. This is largely due to their uncertainties toward future life and career, huge work and living pressure, the relatively good health status of their parents, and restrictions of public welfare policies in the receiving society. By contrast, children’s cross-border migration encouraged ageing parents to have early and clear preparation for future care. Ageing parents mostly expressed low filial care expectations when realizing the scarcity of family caregiving resources in the cross-border context. Even though they prefer in-person support from children, most of them prepare themselves for independent ageing to prioritize the next generation’s needs or choose to utilize paid services, welfare systems, friend networks, or extended family networks in their sending society. Adult children were frequently found caught in the dilemma of desiring to provide high quality and in-person support for their parents but lacking sufficient resources. Notably, a salient pattern of intergenerational transmission in terms of family and care values and ideal care arrangement emerged from intergenerational care preparation. Moreover, the positive role of accumulated family capital generated by a reunion in care preparation and joint decision-making were also identified. The findings of the current study will enhance professionals’ and service providers’ awareness of intergenerational care planning in cross-border migration contexts, inform services to alleviate unpreparedness for elderly care and intergenerational discrepancies concerning care arrangements and broaden family services to encompass intergenerational care planning interventions. Acknowledgment: This study is supported by a General Research Grant from the Research Grants Council of the HKSAR, China (Project Number: 15603818). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intergenerational%20care%20planning" title="intergenerational care planning">intergenerational care planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mainland%20immigrants%20in%20Hong%20Kong" title=" mainland immigrants in Hong Kong"> mainland immigrants in Hong Kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrant%20family" title=" migrant family"> migrant family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20adults" title=" older adults"> older adults</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133060/preparation-and-struggle-of-two-generations-for-future-care-a-study-of-intergenerational-care-planning-among-mainland-immigrant-ageing-families-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Clinical Course and Prognosis of Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilary%20Modir">Hilary Modir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyle%20Dutton"> Kyle Dutton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Swab"> Michelle Swab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Asghari"> Shabnam Asghari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since its emergence, the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 have been documented in the literature. However, the majority are case reports with significant limitations in appraisal quality, thus leaving the role of dermatological manifestations of COVID-19 erroneously underexplored. The primary aim of this review was to systematically examine clinical patterns of dermatological manifestations as reported in the literature. This study was designed as a systematic review of case reports. The inclusion criteria consisted of all published reports and articles regarding COVID-19 in English, from September 1st, 2019, until June 22nd, 2020. The population consisted of confirmed cases of COVID-19 with associated cutaneous signs and symptoms. Exclusion criteria included research in planning stages, protocols, book reviews, news articles, review studies, and policy analyses. With the collaboration of a librarian, a search strategy was created consisting of a mixture of keyword terms and controlled vocabulary. Electronic databases searched were MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, PsycINFO, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease, Cochrane Library, Campbell Collaboration, Prospero, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, U.S. Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register, AAD Registry, OSF preprints, SSRN, MedRxiV and BioRxiV. The study selection featured an initial pre-screening of titles and abstracts by one independent reviewer. Results were verified by re-examining a random sample of 1% of excluded articles. Eligible studies progressed for full-text review by two calibrated independent reviewers. Covidence was used to store and extract data, such as citation information and findings pertaining to COVID-19 and cutaneous signs and symptoms. Data analysis and summarization methodology reflect the framework proposed by PRISMA and recommendations set out by Cochrane and Joanna Brigg’s Institute for conducting systematic reviews. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine’s level of evidence was used to appraise the quality of individual studies. The literature search revealed a total of 1221 articles. After the abstract and full-text screening, only 95 studies met the eligibility criteria, proceeding to data extraction. Studies were divided into 58% case reports and 42% series. A total of 833 manifestations were reported in 723 confirmed COVID-19 cases. The most frequent lesions were 23% maculopapular, 15% urticarial and 13% pseudo-chilblains, with 46% of lesions reporting pruritus, 16% erythema, 14% pain, 12% burning sensation, and 4% edema. The most common lesion locations were 20% trunk, 19.5% lower limbs, and 17.7% upper limbs. The time to resolution of lesions was between one and twenty-one days. In conclusion, over half of the reported cutaneous presentations in COVID-19 positive patients were maculopapular, urticarial and pseudo-chilblains, with the majority of lesions distributed to the extremities and trunk. As this review’s sample size only contained COVID-19 confirmed cases with skin presentations, it becomes difficult to deduce the direct relationship between skin findings and COVID-19. However, it can be correlated that acute onset of skin lesions, such as chilblains-like, may be associated with or may warrant consideration of COVID-19 as part of the differential diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutaneous%20manifestations" title=" cutaneous manifestations"> cutaneous manifestations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutaneous%20signs" title=" cutaneous signs"> cutaneous signs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20dermatology" title=" general dermatology"> general dermatology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20dermatology" title=" medical dermatology"> medical dermatology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sars-Cov-2" title=" Sars-Cov-2"> Sars-Cov-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20and%20infectious%20disease" title=" skin and infectious disease"> skin and infectious disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20findings" title=" skin findings"> skin findings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20manifestations" title=" skin manifestations"> skin manifestations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140060/clinical-course-and-prognosis-of-cutaneous-manifestations-of-covid-19-a-systematic-review-of-reported-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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