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Léngoa lonbàrda - Wikipedia
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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascóndi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Prinçìpio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Stöia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stöia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Stöia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stöia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difuxón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difuxón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Difuxón</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difuxón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caràteri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caràteri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Caràteri</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caràteri-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Atîva a sotoseçión Caràteri</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Caràteri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonologîa_e_fonética" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologîa_e_fonética"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fonologîa e fonética</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologîa_e_fonética-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologîa_e_scintàsci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologîa_e_scintàsci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Morfologîa e scintàsci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologîa_e_scintàsci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variêtæ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variêtæ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variêtæ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variêtæ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grafîa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafîa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grafîa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grafîa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Atîva a sotoseçión Grafîa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grafîa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grafîa_clàscica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafîa_clàscica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Grafîa clàscica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafîa_clàscica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grafîe_modèrne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafîe_modèrne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Grafîe modèrne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafîe_modèrne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grafîa_ticinéize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafîa_ticinéize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Grafîa ticinéize</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafîa_ticinéize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grafîa_modèrna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafîa_modèrna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Grafîa modèrna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafîa_modèrna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grafîa_bergamàsca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafîa_bergamàsca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Grafîa bergamàsca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafîa_bergamàsca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grafîe_sperimentâli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafîe_sperimentâli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Grafîe sperimentâli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafîe_sperimentâli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letiatûa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letiatûa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Letiatûa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Letiatûa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Atîva a sotoseçión Letiatûa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Letiatûa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Da-e_òrìgine_a-o_Trexénto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Da-e_òrìgine_a-o_Trexénto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Da-e òrìgine a-o Trexénto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Da-e_òrìgine_a-o_Trexénto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Da-o_Quatroçénto_a-o_Seiçénto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Da-o_Quatroçénto_a-o_Seiçénto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Da-o Quatroçénto a-o Seiçénto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Da-o_Quatroçénto_a-o_Seiçénto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sèteçénto_e_Eutoçénto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sèteçénto_e_Eutoçénto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sèteçénto e Eutoçénto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sèteçénto_e_Eutoçénto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nêuveçénto_e_ancheu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nêuveçénto_e_ancheu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Nêuveçénto e ancheu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nêuveçénto_e_ancheu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nòtte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografîa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografîa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografîa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografîa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Âtri_progètti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Âtri_progètti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Âtri progètti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Âtri_progètti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conligaménti_estèrni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conligaménti_estèrni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Conligaménti estèrni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conligaménti_estèrni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ìndice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Altèrna a tabélla di contegnûi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Altèrna a tabélla di contegnûi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Léngoa lonbàrda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vànni a l'artìcolo inte 'n'âtra léngoa. Disponìbile in 86 léngoe" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 léngoe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardies" title="Lombardies - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lombardies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardische_Sprache" title="Lombardische Sprache - tedesco da Svissera" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lombardische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco da Svissera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_lombardo" title="Idioma lombardo - aragoneise" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma lombardo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langbeardisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Langbeardisc sprǣc - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Langbeardisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اللمبردية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اللمبردية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اللومبارديه - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اللومبارديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_lombardu" title="Idioma lombardu - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma lombardu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_dili" title="Lombard dili - azerbaigian" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lombard dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لومبارد دیلی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لومبارد دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardische_Sproch" title="Lombardische Sproch - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Lombardische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luombardu_kalba" title="Luombardu kalba - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Luombardu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ломбардски език - burgao" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ломбардски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="burgao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llombard" title="Llombard - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llombard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lombarda" title="Lingua lombarda - còrso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua lombarda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_tili" title="Lombard tili - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Lombard tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard%C5%A1tina" title="Lombardština - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lombardština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardisk" title="Lombardisk - daneise" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lombardisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardische_Sprache" title="Lombardische Sprache - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lombardische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardki" title="Lombardki - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lombardki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Λομβαρδική γλώσσα - grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λομβαρδική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunb%C3%AArd" title="Lunbêrd - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lunbêrd" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language - ingleise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lombard language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingleise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombarda_lingvo" title="Lombarda lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lombarda lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_lombardo" title="Idioma lombardo - spagnòllo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma lombardo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnòllo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardi_keel" title="Lombardi keel - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lombardi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardiera" title="Lombardiera - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lombardiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_lombarda" title="Luenga lombarda - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga lombarda" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="زبان لومبارد - perscian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان لومبارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perscian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardin_kieli" title="Lombardin kieli - finlandeise" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lombardin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_(langue_romane)" title="Lombard (langue romane) - franseise" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lombard (langue romane)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franseise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomb%C3%A2rd" title="Lombârd - francoprovenzale" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lombârd" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovenzale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardisk_spriak" title="Lombardisk spriak - frison do settentrion" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lombardisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison do settentrion" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_lombarde" title="Lenghe lombarde - furlan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe lombarde" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lombairdis" title="An Lombairdis - irlandeise" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Lombairdis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lombarda" title="Lingua lombarda - galiçian" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua lombarda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiçian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardish" title="Lombardish - manneise" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lombardish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manneise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard-ng%C3%AE" title="Lombard-ngî - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lombard-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_bhasa" title="Lombard bhasa - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lombard bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardski_jezik" title="Lombardski jezik - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lombardski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_nyelv" title="Lombard nyelv - ongareise" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lombard nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongareise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Lombard" title="Bahasa Lombard - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Lombard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lombarda" title="Lingua lombarda - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua lombarda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E8%AA%9E" title="ロンバルド語 - giapponeise" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロンバルド語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponeise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%AC%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="롬바르디아어 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="롬바르디아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_lombard%C3%AE" title="Zimanê lombardî - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê lombardî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Ломбард кыв - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ломбард кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langobardus_sermo" title="Langobardus sermo - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Langobardus sermo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard" title="Lombard - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lombard" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_lumbard" title="Lingaz lumbard - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz lumbard" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_lombarda" title="Lengua lombarda - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua lombarda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lombardų kalba - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lombardų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Lombardiešu valoda - letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lombardiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Lombard" title="Bahasa Lombard - maleise" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Lombard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="maleise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardisch" title="Lombardisch - olandeise" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lombardisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandeise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardisk" title="Lombardisk - norvegin nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lombardisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegin nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardisk" title="Lombardisk - norvegin bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lombardisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegin bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard" title="Lombard - oçitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lombard" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oçitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardo" title="Lombardo - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lombardo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_(Langue)" title="Lombard (Langue) - piccardo" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Lombard (Langue)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="piccardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_lombardzki" title="Język lombardzki - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język lombardzki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_lombarda" title="Lenga lombarda - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga lombarda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%88" title="لمبرڈ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لمبرڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="لومبارد ژبه - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لومبارد ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_lombarda" title="Língua lombarda - portogheise" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua lombarda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portogheise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lumbarda" title="Lingua lumbarda - romancio" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua lumbarda" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romancio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_lombard%C4%83" title="Limba lombardă - romen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba lombardă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ломбардский язык - ruscio" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ломбардский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱳᱢᱵᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱳᱢᱵᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_lombarda" title="Limba lombarda - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba lombarda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lummarda" title="Lingua lummarda - siçilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua lummarda" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siçilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_leid" title="Lombard leid - scoçeise" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lombard leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scoçeise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lombard language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ломбардски језик - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ломбардски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardiska" title="Lombardiska - svedeise" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lombardiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedeise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உலம்பார்து மொழி - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உலம்பார்து மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="ภาษาลอมบาร์ด - thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาลอมบาร์ด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Lombardo" title="Wikang Lombardo - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Lombardo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardca" title="Lombardca - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lombardca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ломбардійська мова - ucrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ломбардійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لومبارد زبان - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لومبارد زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_%C5%82ombarda" title="Łéngua łombarda - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua łombarda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Lombard" title="Tiếng Lombard - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Lombard" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="伦巴第语 - cineise wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伦巴第语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="cineise wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AA%9E" title="倫巴底語 - cineise" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="倫巴底語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cineise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard-g%C3%AD" title="Lombard-gí - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lombard-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%87" title="倫巴第文 - cantoneise" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="倫巴第文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33754#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modiffica conligamenti interlenguisteghi" class="wbc-editpage">Modìfica conligaménti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda" title="Véddi a vôxe [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc%C3%BBscion:L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuscioìn in sce sta pàgina chi (a pàgina a no l'exìste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discusción</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Càngia variànte da léngoa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ligure</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vìxite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda"><span>Lêzi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit" title="Modìfica quésta pàgina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modìfica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit" title="Modiffica o wikitesto de questa paggina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modìfica wikitèsto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=history" title="Verscioìn de prìmma de sta pàgina chi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologîa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Struménti pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Struménti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Struménti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Struménti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">méscia inta bâra laterâle</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascóndi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Âtre çèrnie" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Açioìn </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda"><span>Lêzi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit" title="Modìfica quésta pàgina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modìfica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit" title="Modiffica o wikitesto de questa paggina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modìfica wikitèsto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=history"><span>Cronologîa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generâ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Cose_appunta_ch%C3%AC/L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda" title="Lìsta de tùtte e pògine ch'én ligæ a sta chi. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Cöse se conlîga chi</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Modiffiche_correl%C3%A6/L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda" rel="nofollow" title="Ùrtimi cangiaménti inte pàgine ligæ a sta chi [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cangiaménti corelæ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=lij" title="Càrega di file [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Càrega 'n file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Paggine_spe%C3%A7iali" title="Lìsta de tùtte e pàgine speciâli [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgine speciâli</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&oldid=245871" title="Ligàmme fìsso a sta versción chi da pàgina"><span>Ingàncio fìsso</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=info" title="Informaçioìn de ciù in sce sta pàgina chi"><span>Informaçioìn in sciâ pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spe%C3%A7iale:Cita&page=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&id=245871&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informassioin sciu comme çitâ questa paggina"><span>Çita quésta pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spe%C3%A7iale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Flij.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FL%25C3%25A9ngoa_lonb%25C3%25A0rda"><span>Òtegnî l'URL cùrto</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spe%C3%A7iale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Flij.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FL%25C3%25A9ngoa_lonb%25C3%25A0rda"><span>Descàrega o còdice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stànpa/espòrta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spe%C3%A7iale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=L%C3%A9ngoa+lonb%C3%A0rda"><span>Crea un libbro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spe%C3%A7iale:DownloadAsPdf&page=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scàrega cómme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&printable=yes" title="Versción da stanpâ de sta pàgina chi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versción da stanpâ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inte di âtri progètti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lombard_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33754" title="Ingancio a l'elemento de l'archivvio di dæti connessi [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Eleménto Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Struménti pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Câa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Câa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">méscia inta bâra laterâle</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascóndi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-zenéize" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lengoa_zeneize" title="Quésta pàgina a l'é scrîta in zenéize"><img alt="Quésta pàgina a l'é scrîta in zenéize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_Genoa.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Genoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_Genoa.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Genoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_Genoa.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Genoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="860" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lij" dir="ltr"><table width="50%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#c30000; color:white" width="10%"><div style="text-align:center"><b>ZE</b></div> </td> <td style="background:#f0d5b8; color:black"><small>Quésta pàgina a l'é scrîta in <b><a href="/wiki/Lengoa_zeneize" title="Lengoa zeneize">zenéize</a></b>, segóndo a <b><a href="/wiki/Graf%C3%AEa_ofi%C3%A7i%C3%A2" title="Grafîa ofiçiâ">grafîa ofiçiâ</a></b></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabélla ch'a riasùmme i dæti prinçipæ da léngoa" style="width:300px"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#CCC">Lonbàrdo<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><i>Lumbàart</i>, <i>Lombard</i>, <i>Lumbard</i></span></th></tr><tr><th>Pronónçia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/lumˈbaːrt/</span></a> </td></tr><tr><th>Parlòu in</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Itàlia"><img alt="Itàlia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Itàlia</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0px 2px 0px 2px"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Svìsera"><img alt="Svìsera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Svissea" title="Svissea">Svìsera</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Braxî"><img alt="Braxî" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brax%C3%AE" title="Braxî">Braxî</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Regioìn</th><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Flag_of_Lombardy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lombard%C3%AFa" title="Lombardïa">Lombardïa</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Flag_of_Piedmont.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/20px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/30px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/40px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte">Piemonte</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/20px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/30px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/40px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Trentin-Ato_Addexe" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentin-Ato Addexe">Trentin-Ato Addexe</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:CH-TI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CH-TI (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Template:CH-TI</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:CH-GR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CH-GR (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Template:CH-GR</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:BR-SC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:BR-SC (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Template:BR-SC</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#CCC">Parlànti</th></tr><tr><th>Totâle</th><td>3.500.000<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#CCC">Clasificaçión</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Fam%C3%ACggia_lengo%C3%ACstica" title="Famìggia lengoìstica">Filogénexi</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lengoe_indoeuropee" title="Lengoe indoeuropee">Léngoe indoeoropêe</a><br /> Itàliche<br />  <a href="/wiki/Lengoe_romanse" title="Lengoe romanse">Romànze</a><br />   Romànze òcidentâli<br />    <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoe_g%C3%A0llo-it%C3%A0liche" title="Léngoe gàllo-itàliche">Gàllo-itàliche</a><br />     <b>Lonbàrdo</b> </td></tr><tr><th>Sudivixón</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonb%C3%A0rdo_arp%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonbàrdo arpìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Lonbàrdo arpìn</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonb%C3%A0rdo_de_pon%C3%A9nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonbàrdo de ponénte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Lonbàrdo de ponénte</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonb%C3%A0rdo_de_lev%C3%A0nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonbàrdo de levànte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Lonbàrdo de levànte</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_trent%C3%ACn_de_pon%C3%A9nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto trentìn de ponénte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Trentìn de ponénte</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#CCC">Còdichi de clasificaçión</th></tr><tr><th>ISO 639-3</th><td><code class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lmo">lmo</a></code> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) </td></tr><tr><th>Glottolog</th><td><code class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lomb1257">lomb1257</a></code> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#CCC">Estræto in léngoa</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div style="padding-left:.5em; padding-right:.5em; font-size:90%;text-align:left;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diciara%C3%A7i%C3%B3n_univers%C3%A2le_di_dir%C3%ACtti_um%C3%A2ni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diciaraçión universâle di dirìtti umâni (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Diciaraçión universâle di dirìtti umâni</a>, art. 1</b><br />Tucc i òmm nàssen liber e tucc istess per dignitaa e diritt. Gh'hann giudizi e coscienza e gh'hann de tratass 'me fradej. (<a href="/wiki/Dialetto_milaneize" title="Dialetto milaneize">Milanéize</a>, grafîa clàscica)</div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Idioma_lombardo.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Idioma_lombardo.PNG/260px-Idioma_lombardo.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Idioma_lombardo.PNG/390px-Idioma_lombardo.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Idioma_lombardo.PNG/520px-Idioma_lombardo.PNG 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Difuxón do <i>Lumbàart</i>. </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:L%C3%A9ngoa/man" title="Template:Léngoa/man"><span title="Instruçioìn do template Léngoa">Info</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>O <b>Lonbàrdo</b> (<i>Lumbàart</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <i>Lombard</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ò <i>Lumbard</i> in lonbàrdo, prononçiòu <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/lumˈbaːrt/</span></a>) o l'é 'na <a href="/wiki/Lengoe_romanse" title="Lengoe romanse">léngoa romànza</a> ch'a fà pàrte do coscì dîto grùppo de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoe_g%C3%A0llo-it%C3%A0liche" title="Léngoe gàllo-itàliche">léngoe gàllo-itàliche</a> e ch'a l'é caraterizâ da 'n <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratum_(lengo%C3%ACstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratum (lengoìstica) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">substratum</a></i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoe_c%C3%A8ltiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léngoe cèltiche (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">cèltico</a> e 'n <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratum_(lengo%C3%ACstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratum (lengoìstica) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">superstratum</a></i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_longob%C3%A0rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léngoa longobàrda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">longobàrdo</a>. </p><p>A léngoa lonbàrda a l'é parlâ sorviatùtto inta <a href="/wiki/Lombard%C3%AFa" title="Lombardïa">Lonbardîa</a>, in de pàrte do <a href="/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte">Piemónte</a> de Levànte, inti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Tic%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Ticìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">cantoìn Ticìn</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Grix%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Grixón (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Grixón</a> in <a href="/wiki/Svissea" title="Svissea">Svìsera</a> e inta porçión do <a href="/wiki/Trentin-Erto_Adixe" title="Trentin-Erto Adixe">Trentìn</a> ciù a ponénte, pe 'n totâle de tòsto 3,5 milioìn de persónn-e, pæge a-o 30% da popolaçión de l'ària de difuxón<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fêua che di câxi izolæ, o vêgne parlòu in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diglosc%C3%AEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digloscîa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">digloscîa</a> co-o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_itali%C3%A0nn-a" title="Léngoa italiànn-a">toscàn</a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. O lonbàrdo o l'é ligòu inte 'n mòddo stréito co-e âtre léngoe gàllo-itàliche parlæ d'in gîo, cómme l'<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_emili%C3%A0nn-a" title="Léngoa emiliànn-a">emiliàn</a> e o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_piemont%C3%A9ize" title="Léngoa piemontéize">piemontéize</a>, ma ascì a-e <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoe_g%C3%A0llo-rom%C3%A0nze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léngoe gàllo-romànze (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">léngoe gàllo-romànze</a> parlæ de là de <a href="/wiki/Arpi" title="Arpi">Àrpe</a>, cómme l'<a href="/wiki/Lengoa_oc%C3%A7itann-a" title="Lengoa ocçitann-a">òcitàn</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Lengua_romancia" title="Lengua romancia">romàncio</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Lengua_franco-provens%C3%A2" title="Lengua franco-provensâ">arpitàn</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Lengua_fran%C3%A7%C3%A9ise" title="Lengua françéise">françéize</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stöia"><span id="St.C3.B6ia"></span>Stöia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modìfica a seçión Stöia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Stöia"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Gallia_Cisalpina-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gallia_Cisalpina-en.svg/250px-Gallia_Cisalpina-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gallia_Cisalpina-en.svg/375px-Gallia_Cisalpina-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gallia_Cisalpina-en.svg/500px-Gallia_Cisalpina-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>E popolaçioìn che stâvan inta <a href="/wiki/Cian%C3%BBa_padann-a" title="Cianûa padann-a">Cianûa Padànn-a</a> tra i <a href="/wiki/III_secolo_a.C." title="III secolo a.C.">sécoli III</a> e <a href="/wiki/II_secolo_a.C." title="II secolo a.C.">II prìmma de Crìsto</a>, sàiva a dî inti ànni da conquìsta romànn-a da <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A0llia_Cisarp%C3%ACnn-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gàllia Cisarpìnn-a (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Gàllia Cisarpìnn-a</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>O prìmmo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratum_(lengo%C3%ACstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratum (lengoìstica) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)"><i>stratum</i> lengoìstico</a> che se sà ch'o l'àgge lasciòu de tràcce inta Lonbardîa d'ancheu o l'é quéllo di <a href="/wiki/Liguri_Antighi" title="Liguri Antighi">Lìguri antîghi</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A ògni mòddo e informaçioìn a dispoxiçión in sce sta léngoa chi són pöche e bén bén limitæ<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pe cóntra l'é bén bén ciù vàsta a testimoniànsa lasciâ da-e génte ch'àn pigiiòu o pòsto i Lìguri, sàiva a dî i <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A8lti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cèlti (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cèlti</a>, di quæ gh'é dónca de conoscénse ciù precîze<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A l'época, l'infloénsa lengoìstica di Cèlti in scê popolaçioìn da Lonbardîa a l'é stæta ciù marcâ, tànto da dâ a-a giornâ d'ancheu o nómme a-o grùppo de léngoe gàllo-itàliche (co-i Cèlti che, defæti, són ciamæ "Gàlli" ascì)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A ògni mòddo, l'é stæto a dominaçión <a href="/wiki/Popolo_roman" title="Popolo roman">romànn-a</a>, ch'a l'à pigiòu o pòsto de quélla cèltica, a modelâ a léngoa da Lonbardîa, tànto chò-u sò léscico e a sò gramàtica són de derivaçión <a href="/wiki/Lengoe_romanse" title="Lengoe romanse">romànza</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A ògni mòddo, l'infloénsa do <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_lat%C3%ACnn-a" title="Léngoa latìnn-a">latìn</a> a no l'é stæta a mæxima da tùtte e pàrte<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, co-e léngoe locâli che, a sò vòtta, êan stæte infloensæ da-i <i>strata</i> lengoìstichi de prìmma<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ògni zöna, defæti, a l'êa caraterizâ da 'n gràddo diferénte de caraterizaçión da-o lìgure antîgo e/ò de léngoe cèltiche<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Gh'é de tràcce che vêgnan da-a <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_longob%C3%A0rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léngoa longobàrda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">léngoa longobàrda</a> ascì, sàiva a dî quélla parlâ da-a <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2poli_germ%C3%A0nichi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pòpoli germànichi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">popolaçión germànica</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longob%C3%A0rdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longobàrdi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Longobàrdi</a>, ch'a l'à dominòu a ciù pàrte da penîzoa, inclûza a Lonbardîa, pasâ a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A9ita_de_l%27Inp%C3%AAro_Rom%C3%A0n_de_Pon%C3%A9nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chéita de l'Inpêro Romàn de Ponénte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">chéita de l'Inpêro Romàn de Ponénte</a>. Sta léngoa chi a l'à ciù tàrdi formòu o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratum_(lengo%C3%ACstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratum (lengoìstica) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)"><i>superstratum</i> lengoìstico</a> da léngoa lonbàrda, dæto che i longobàrdi no l'àn inpòsto o sò parlâ, lasciàndo sôlo de tràcce sénsa germanizâ goæi o lonbàrdo, ch'o l'é coscì restòu 'na léngoa romànza<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Gh'é pöi da consciderâ a sovénte modìfica, co-o pasâ di sécoli, di confìn che dividéivan e tære lonbàrde, con di remésci ch'àn cangiòu a léngoa parlâ ascì: a l'época di Cèlti gh'êa o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sci%C3%B9mme_%C3%80dda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciùmme Àdda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sciùmme Àdda</a> a divìdde ste popolaçioìn chi da-e tribù di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cenom%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cenomén (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cenomén</a> méntre, con l'instituçión inte l'<a href="/wiki/7" title="7">ànno 7 dòppo Crìsto</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regio%C3%ACn_ougust%C3%AAe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regioìn ougustêe (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">regioìn ougustêe</a>, o confìn o l'êa pasòu a-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sci%C3%B9mme_%C3%92ggio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciùmme Òggio (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sciùmme Òggio</a>, stocàndo l'unitæ teritoriâle ch'a s'êa creâ co-a creaçión, quàrche decénio prìmma, da <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A0llia_Cisarp%C3%ACnn-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gàllia Cisarpìnn-a (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Gàllia Cisarpìnn-a</a>. In particolâ, o sciùmme Òggio o dividéiva e regioìn ougutêe <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regio_XI_Transpadana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regio XI Transpadana (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">XI Transpadana</a></i> e <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regio_X_Venetia_et_Histria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regio X Venetia et Histria (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">X Venetia et Histria</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Co-a rifórma aministratîva vosciûa da l'inperatô <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocle%C3%A7i%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diocleçiàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Diocleçiàn</a> o confìn tra e dôe <i>regiones</i> o l'é stæto mesciòu a l'Àdda, sciùmme ch'o l'é tornòu a divìdde a Lonbardîa da-o <a href="/wiki/XV_secolo" title="XV secolo">sécolo XV</a> scìnn-a l'época do Napolión, dæto che pe de chi ghe pasâva a frontêa tra o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc%C3%A2to_de_Mil%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ducâto de Milàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Ducâto de Milàn</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%B9brica_de_Ven%C3%A9%C3%A7ia" title="Repùbrica de Venéçia">Repùbrica de Venéçia</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, divixón ch'a l'à portòu a-a diferenzaçión tra o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonb%C3%A0rdo_de_pon%C3%A9nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonbàrdo de ponénte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">lonbàrdo de ponénte</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonb%C3%A0rdo_de_lev%C3%A0nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonbàrdo de levànte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">quéllo de levànte</a>. L'unitæ aministratîva da Lonbardîa lengoìstica l'é stæta ristorâ co-a creaçión da pàrte de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Inp%C3%AAro_oustro-ung%C3%A0rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inpêro oustro-ungàrico (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Inpêro oustro-ungàrico</a>, into <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>, do <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9gno_Lonb%C3%A0rdo-V%C3%A9neto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régno Lonbàrdo-Véneto (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Régno Lonbàrdo-Véneto</a>, scitoaçión aministratîva ch'a l'é stæta confermâ dòppo o <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> ascì<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difuxón"><span id="Difux.C3.B3n"></span>Difuxón</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modìfica a seçión Difuxón" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Difuxón"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Visconti_XIV_century_-_Lombard_language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Visconti_XIV_century_-_Lombard_language.svg/250px-Visconti_XIV_century_-_Lombard_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Visconti_XIV_century_-_Lombard_language.svg/375px-Visconti_XIV_century_-_Lombard_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Visconti_XIV_century_-_Lombard_language.svg/500px-Visconti_XIV_century_-_Lombard_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Paragón tra i domìnni di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visc%C3%B3nti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viscónti (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Viscónti</a> into <a href="/wiki/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo">sécolo XIV</a> (in vèrde) e a difuxón d'ancheu da léngoa lonbàrda (lìnia giâna).</figcaption></figure> <p>A difuxón giögràfica do lonbàrdo, conscideràndo tùtte e sò variànte<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, a repìggia sôlo in pàrte i confìn da modèrna región aministratîva da <a href="/wiki/Lombard%C3%AFa" title="Lombardïa">Lonbardîa</a>. Defæti, l'estensción lengoìstica d'ancheu a l'é in pàrte pægia a-i antîghi confìn, inte l'<a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A6_de_M%C3%ABzo" title="Etæ de Mëzo">Etæ de Mêzo</a>, do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc%C3%A2to_de_Mil%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ducâto de Milàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Ducâto de Milàn</a>, che scìnn-a-o <a href="/wiki/1426" title="1426">1426</a> o l'àiva 'n'estensción ciù ò mêno conpréiza tra i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sci%C3%B9mme_S%C3%A9zia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciùmme Sézia (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sciùmmi Sézia</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sci%C3%B9mme_%C3%80dige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciùmme Àdige (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Àdige</a> e che, dòppo a pèrdia di teritöi do levànte, sàiva a dî e <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_B%C3%A8rgamo" title="Provinsa de Bèrgamo">provìnse de Bèrgamo</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Br%C3%A9scia" title="Provinsa de Bréscia">Bréscia</a>, in favô da <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%B9brica_de_Ven%C3%A9%C3%A7ia" title="Repùbrica de Venéçia">Repùbrica de Venéçia</a>, de quélli ciù a ponénte, ö sæ e modèrne <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Nov%C3%A6a" title="Provinsa de Novæa">provìnsa de Novâra</a> e do <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_do_Verb%C3%A0n_C%C3%BBsio_%C3%92ssola" title="Provinsa do Verbàn Cûsio Òssola">Verbàn-Côzio-Òsola</a>, a-o <a href="/wiki/Regno_de_Sardegna" title="Regno de Sardegna">Régno de Sardégna</a>, e de quélli ciù a nòrd (o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Tic%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Ticìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cantón Ticìn</a>) a-a <a href="/wiki/Svissea" title="Svissea">Svìsera</a>, o l'à continoòu a-avéi 'na fórte infloénsa colturâle in sce ste tære chi, inclûza quélla in sciâ léngoa<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Vèrso ponénte o lonbàrdo o l'é parlòu inte provìnse piemontéixi de Novâra, scìnn-a-o confìn naturâle marcòu da-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sci%C3%B9mme_S%C3%A9zia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciùmme Sézia (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sciùmme Sézia</a>, e do Verbàn-Côzio-Òsola<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, chi con l'eceçión di doî comùn de <a href="/wiki/Formazza" title="Formazza">Formàssa</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Macugnaga" title="Macugnaga">Macognâga</a>, che són di pàixi de <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_walser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léngoa walser (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">léngoa <i>walser</i></a>. De lóngo into <a href="/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte">Piemónte</a> gh'é de infloénse lonbàrde in scî parlæ da <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Lisciandria" title="Provinsa de Lisciandria">provìnsa de Lusciàndria</a>, spécce a livèllo do léscico. A levànte, in sciô confìn co-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triv%C3%A9neto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trivéneto (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Trivéneto</a>, o lonbàrdo o l'é parlòu inta pàrte de ponénte da <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Tr%C3%A9nto" title="Provinsa de Trénto">provìnsa de Trénto</a>, inte valàdde de Léddro, de Rendénn-a e de Bónn-a, dond'o l'à conservòu di træti antîghi e, fòscia, 'n'antîgo <i>stratum</i> lengoìstico <a href="/wiki/Lengua_ladin-a" title="Lengua ladin-a">ladìn</a> ascì<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In sciâ rîva de levànte do <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A2go_de_G%C3%A0rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lâgo de Gàrda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Lâgo de Gàrda</a> se trêuvan ancón de fórte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_bresci%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto bresciàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">infloénse bresciànn-e</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_gardez%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto gardezàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">scî parlæ</a> di comùn veronéixi de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torri_del_Benaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torri del Benaco (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Tôre do Benàco</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Gàrda</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcesine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcesine (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Mâcexìnn-e</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>E variànte lonbàrde de <a href="/wiki/Arpi" title="Arpi">Àrpe</a> se pàrlan bén bén ciù in la di confìn de stâto, co-a prezénsa stòrica inti teritöi svìseri do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Tic%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Ticìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cantón Ticìn</a>, fêua chò-u comùn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Gurin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosco Gurin (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Bòsco Gurìn</a>, e do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Grix%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Grixón (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cantón Grixón</a>, dond'o l'é parlòu, con de infloénse retoromànze che vêgnan da-o <a href="/wiki/Lengua_romancia" title="Lengua romancia">romàncio</a>, inte çìnque valàdde ciù a sùd, sàiva a dî e valàdde Bregàggia, Calànca, Sursétte, Mesolcìnn-a e Poscciâvo<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Inta pàrte ciù a sùd da Lonbardîa, lóngo o córso do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sci%C3%B9mme_P%C3%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciùmme Pò (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sciùmme Pò</a>, gh'é de tære de léngoa no lonbàrda: in particolâ o teritöio do Casalàsco inta <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Cremonn-a" title="Provinsa de Cremonn-a">provìnsa de Cremónn-a</a> e tòsto a <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Mantova" title="Provinsa de Mantova">provìnsa intrêga de Màntova</a><sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> són de tære de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_emili%C3%A0nn-a" title="Léngoa emiliànn-a">léngoa emiliànn-a</a> méntre, inte l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Otrap%C3%B2_Pav%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otrapò Pavéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Otrapò Pavéize</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_otrapad%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto otrapadàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">parlâ do pòsto</a> o gh'à prìmma de fórte infloénse da-a léngoa emiliànn-a e, a-a sò pónta ciù a sùd, gh'é o pasàggio a-a <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_ligure" title="Lengoa ligure">léngoa lìgure</a>, inte l'èrta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A0dda_do_St%C3%A0fora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valàdda do Stàfora (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">valàdda do Stàfora</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gh'é di parlæ de pasàggio inta Lomelìnn-a de ponénte ascì, dónde gh'é di pàixi a-a croxêa tra a léngoa piemontéize e quélla lonbàrda che són difìçile da clascicâ inte un ò l'âtro grùppo<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A léngoa lonbàrda a l'é parlâ into comùn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botuver%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botuverá (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Botuverá</a> ascì, pàize do <a href="/wiki/Brax%C3%AE" title="Braxî">Braxî</a> into stâto de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Catarina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Catarina (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Santa Catarina</a> scitoòu inta coscì dîta región da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A0dda_do_Itaja%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valàdda do Itajaí (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Valàdda do Itajaí</a>. Sto pàize chi o l'é stæto fondòu da emigræ lonbàrdi ch'arivâvan sorviatùtto da-a cianûa tra <a href="/wiki/Treviglio" title="Treviglio">Trevìggio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Crema_(Italia)" title="Crema (Italia)">Crémma</a> e ch'àn conservòu a sò léngoa d'òrìgine<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caràteri"><span id="Car.C3.A0teri"></span>Caràteri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modìfica a seçión Caràteri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Caràteri"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologîa_e_fonética"><span id="Fonolog.C3.AEa_e_fon.C3.A9tica"></span>Fonologîa e fonética</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modìfica a seçión Fonologîa e fonética" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Fonologîa e fonética"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Isoglosse-del-lombardo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Isoglosse-del-lombardo.png/250px-Isoglosse-del-lombardo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Isoglosse-del-lombardo.png/375px-Isoglosse-del-lombardo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Isoglosse-del-lombardo.png/500px-Isoglosse-del-lombardo.png 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>E isoglòsse ciù inportànti de l'ària lonbàrda:<p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%;text-align:left"><span style="border:none;background-color:#CC0000;color:#CC0000;">██</span> Prezénsa de vocâle <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/y/</span></a> e <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ø/</span></a></p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%;text-align:left"><span style="border:none;background-color:#FF9900;color:#FF9900;">██</span> Chéita de vocâle finâle fêua chi-â <i>-a</i></p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%;text-align:left"><span style="border:none;background-color:#996600;color:#996600;">██</span> Chéita de <i>-r</i> inte l'infinîo di vèrbi</p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%;text-align:left"><span style="border:none;background-color:#FFFF00;color:#FFFF00;">██</span> Conservaçión de vocâle àtone no a-a fìn de pòule</p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%;text-align:left"><span style="border:none;background-color:#CC00CC;color:#CC00CC;">██</span> Infinîo da prìmma coniugaçión inte <i>-à</i></p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%;text-align:left"><span style="border:none;background-color:#0000CC;color:#0000CC;">██</span> Prìmma persónn-a do prezénte indicatîvo inte <i>-i</i> òpû <i>-e</i></p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%;text-align:left"><span style="border:none;background-color:#009900;color:#009900;">██</span> Negaçión dòppo o vèrbo</p></figcaption></figure> <p>A léngoa lonbàrda a gh'à vàrri caràteri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonolog%C3%AEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologîa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">fonològichi</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fon%C3%A9tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonética (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">fonétichi</a> che se pêuan trovâ inte âtre <a href="/wiki/Lengoe_romanse" title="Lengoe romanse">léngoe romànze</a> ò inte <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoe_g%C3%A0llo-it%C3%A0liche" title="Léngoe gàllo-itàliche">quélle gàllo-itàliche</a>, méntre di fenòmeni ciù specìfichi caraterìzan i parlæ lonbàrdi drénto a-o <i><a href="/wiki/Continuum_lengoistico" title="Continuum lengoistico">continuum</a></i>. Pe conveçión, s'é adotòu 'na conbinaçión de træ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isogl%C3%B2ssa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoglòssa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">isoglòsse</a> pe identificâ o confìn lengoìstico tra o lonbàrdo e-e léngoe parlæ da-arénte<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>a conservaçión da <i>-à</i> inte l'infinîo di vèrbi da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%ACmma_coniuga%C3%A7i%C3%B3n_lat%C3%ACnn-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prìmma coniugaçión latìnn-a (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">prìmma coniugaçión latìnn-a</a>, ch'a ségna o confìn de ponénte co-o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_piemont%C3%A9ize" title="Léngoa piemontéize">piemontéize</a>; prezénpio "cantâ" o l'é <i>cantà</i> in lonbàrdo e <i>canté</i> in piemontéize.</li> <li>a conservaçión de <a href="/wiki/Vocale" title="Vocale">vocâle</a> àtone se no a-a fìn de pòule, che pe cóntra càzan into lonbàrdo ascì, ùtile a marcâ o confìn lengoìstico vèrso sùd con l'<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_emili%C3%A0nn-a" title="Léngoa emiliànn-a">emiliàn</a>; prezénpio "uspiâ" o l'é <i>ospedal</i> in lonbàrdo e <i>zbdel</i> in emiliàn.</li> <li>a prezénsa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voc%C3%A2le_bril%C3%A0nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocâle brilànte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">vocâle brilànte</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariondam%C3%A9nto_(fon%C3%A9tica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariondaménto (fonética) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">ariondæ</a> (sàiva a dî <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/y/</span></a> e <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ø/</span></a>), conosciûe co-o nómme de vocâle sciâtæ ascì, ch'a màrca o confìn de levànte co-o <a href="/wiki/Lengua_veneta" title="Lengua veneta">véneto</a>; prezénpio "fêugo" o l'é <i>fögh</i> in lonbàrdo e <i>fogo</i> in véneto coscì cómme "dûo" o vêgne <i>dür</i> in lonbàrdo e <i>duro</i> in véneto.</li></ul> <p>'N'âtra caraterìstica comùn a-a ciù pàrte de variêtæ lonbàrde e de diferenziaçión da quélle vixìnn-e a l'é a prezénsa da dexinénsa <i>-i</i> òpû <i>-e</i> inta prìmma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pers%C3%B3nn-a_(lengo%C3%ACstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persónn-a (lengoìstica) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">persónn-a</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prez%C3%A9nte_indicat%C3%AEvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prezénte indicatîvo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">prezénte indicatîvo</a>; prezénpio "mi pòsso" o l'é <i>mi pödi</i> in milanéize e <i>mé pöde</i> in bergamàsco<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>De âtre caraterìstiche di parlæ lonbàrdi, comùn però a-e âtre léngoe gàllo-itàliche ò romànze ascì, són<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scenpiam%C3%A9nto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scenpiaménto (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">degeminaçión de consonànte</a> (prezénpio <i>spala</i>, "spàlla")</li> <li>chéita de vocâle a-a fìn de pòule fêua chi-â "a", derivâ da 'n procèsso de <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ACncope_(lengo%C3%ACstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sìncope (lengoìstica) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sìncope</a> cómme into <a href="/wiki/Lengua_fran%C3%A7%C3%A9ise" title="Lengua françéise">françéize</a> (prezénpio <i>mund</i>, da-o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_lat%C3%ACnn-a" title="Léngoa latìnn-a">latìn</a> <i>mundum</i>, "móndo")</li> <li>chéita de "r" a-a fìn di vèrbi a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Infin%C3%AEo_(m%C3%B2ddo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infinîo (mòddo) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">infinîo</a>, a diferénsa de l'emiliàn (prezénpio <i>cantà</i>, cantâ)</li> <li>a negaçión a và dòppo o vèrbo (prezénpio <i>lü al màngia minga</i>, lê o no màngia)</li> <li>a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatiza%C3%A7i%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatizaçión (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">palatizaçión</a> di conplèsci latìn <span style="font-variant:small-caps">cl-</span> e <span style="font-variant:small-caps">gl-</span> inte <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ʧ/</span></a> e <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ʤ/</span></a> (prezénpio <i>ciamà</i>, da-o latìn <span style="font-variant:small-caps">clamare</span>, "ciamâ" ò <i>gèra</i>, da-o latìn <span style="font-variant:small-caps">glarea</span>, "giæa")</li> <li>a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni%C3%A7i%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leniçión (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">leniçión</a>, de sòlito co-a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonoriza%C3%A7i%C3%B3n_(fon%C3%A9tica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonorizaçión (fonética) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sonorizaçión</a> ma de vòtte co-a <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ACncope_(lengo%C3%ACstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sìncope (lengoìstica) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">chéita</a> ascì, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conson%C3%A0nte_%C3%B2clux%C3%AEva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonànte òcluxîva (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">consonànte òcluxîve</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conson%C3%A0nte_s%C3%B3rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonànte sórda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sórde</a> intervocàliche (prezénpio <i>fadiga</i>, da-o latìn <span style="font-variant:small-caps">fatigam</span>, "fatîga" ò <i>moneda</i>/<i>muneda</i>, da-o latìn <span style="font-variant:small-caps">monetam</span>, "monæa")</li> <li>a leniçión da <i>-v-</i> intervocàlica (<i>nö(v)a</i>, "nêuva" ma - in zenéize no do céntro - "nêua" ascì)</li> <li>l'evoluçión da "ū" latìnn-a - <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/u:/</span></a> - inte <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/y/</span></a> (prezénpio <i>pü</i> - <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/py:/</span></a> -, da-o latìn <span style="font-variant:small-caps">plus</span> <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/pɫu:s/</span></a>, "ciù")</li> <li>l'evoluçión da "ŏ" latìnn-a - <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ɔ/</span></a> - inte <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ø/</span></a> (prezénpio <i>öcc</i> - <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/øt͡ʃ:/</span></a> -, da-o latìn <span style="font-variant:small-caps">oculus</span>, "êuggio")</li></ul> <p>A prezénsa de ste dôe vocâle chi, into pasòu conosciûe co-o nómme de "vocâle sciâtæ", a l'é consciderâ unn-a de caraterìstiche ciù particolæ do lonbàrdo<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e 'na raxón de vixinànsa a-o <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_ligure" title="Lengoa ligure">piemontéize</a>, a-o <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_ligure" title="Lengoa ligure">lìgure</a> e a çèrte variànte de l'<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_emili%C3%A0nn-a" title="Léngoa emiliànn-a">emiliàn</a>, dæto che màncan into rèsto de l'emiliàn, into <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_romagn%C3%B2lla" title="Léngoa romagnòlla">romagnòllo</a> e into <a href="/wiki/Lengua_veneta" title="Lengua veneta">véneto</a>. Pe de ciù, o lonbàrdo o l'é destacòu da-o piemontéize e da-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_pav%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto pavéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">pavéize</a> pi-â fàrta da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scev%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scevâ (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">scevâ</a>, a coscì dîta "tèrsa vocâle piemontéize" (de sòlito scrîta co-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%AAma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafêma (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">grafêma</a> <i>ë</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morfologîa_e_scintàsci"><span id="Morfolog.C3.AEa_e_scint.C3.A0sci"></span>Morfologîa e scintàsci</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modìfica a seçión Morfologîa e scintàsci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Morfologîa e scintàsci"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:St%C3%BCa_Pus%27ciavina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/St%C3%BCa_Pus%27ciavina.jpg/250px-St%C3%BCa_Pus%27ciavina.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/St%C3%BCa_Pus%27ciavina.jpg/375px-St%C3%BCa_Pus%27ciavina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/St%C3%BCa_Pus%27ciavina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Inségna in lonbàrdo de 'n locâle a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poschiavo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poschiavo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Poscciâvo</a>, into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Grix%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Grixón (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cantón Grixón</a></figcaption></figure> <p>E caraterìstiche morfològiche e scintàtiche ciù inportànti da léngoa lonbàrda són: </p> <ul><li>A frâze afermatîva lonbàrda a l'adêuvia pe fórsa o pronómme inta fórma do clìtico, con ò sénsa o pronómme personâ tònico; prezénpio "lê o dîxe" o l'é <i>(luu) el dis</i> (con <i>el</i> prononçiòu <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/al/</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/el/</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ol/</span></a> ò <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ul/</span></a> in sciâ bâze de variànte)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Inta frâze interogatîva o sogétto clìtico o se méscia dòppo a-o vèrbo, pe formâ 'na spécce de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suf%C3%ACsso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufìsso (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">sufìsso</a> verbâle: prezénpio <i>se disel?</i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Inte interogatîve che coménsan pe avèrbio o pronómme ghe veu spésse vòtte o pronómme <i>che</i>, coscì cómme i avèrbi e i pronómmi de frâze afermatîve: prezénpio <i>cumè che l'é?</i>, "comm'a l'é?" ò <i>induè che te l'è mandaa(t)?</i>, "dónde ti l'æ mandòu?"<sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nega%C3%A7i%C3%B3n_(lengo%C3%ACstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negaçión (lengoìstica) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">negaçión</a> a se métte dòppo a-o vèrbo ò a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A8rbo_ouzili%C3%A2re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vèrbo ouziliâre (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">ouziliâre</a>: prezénpio <i>a parlen no</i>, "no pàrlan" ò <i>han no/minga/mia parlaa</i>, "no àn parlòu"<sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Gh'é 'na série de quantificatoî che bàstan a formâ negatîva, coscì cómme inta <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8ngoa_ingleise" title="Lèngoa ingleise">léngoa ingléize</a>; prezénpio <i>hoo vist nissu(n)</i>, "no ò vìsto nisciùn"<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Gh'é l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Inperat%C3%AEvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inperatîvo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">inperatîvo</a> negatîvo, coscì cómme into lìgure, in de fórme ancón ciù lìbere: <i>va no int'la nita!</i>, "no stæ a caciâte inta bràtta!".</li> <li>A-o pòsto do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti%C3%A7%C3%ACpio_prez%C3%A9nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partiçìpio prezénte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">partiçìpio prezénte</a> e do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B3ndio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geróndio (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">geróndio</a>, che màncan into lonbàrdo, l'é dêuviòu pò-u geróndio l'espresción <i>son(t) (a)dré a</i> inte 'n mòddo scìmile a-o lìgure "són aprêuvo a" (prezénpio <i>te set (a) dré a cantà?</i>, "ti t'ê aprêuvo a cantâ") méntre o partiçìpio o vêgne <i>quell che 'l canta</i>, "quéllo ch'o cànta".</li> <li>Inta léngoa lonbàrda o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pas%C3%B2u_lont%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasòu lontàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">pasòu lontàn</a> o l'é chéito ancón prìmma do lìgure, mancàndo za da-a fìn do Sèteçénto<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, e a-o sò pòsto l'é dêuviòu o pasòu ò o trapasòu pròscimo<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variêtæ"><span id="Vari.C3.AAt.C3.A6"></span>Variêtæ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modìfica a seçión Variêtæ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Variêtæ"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Dialetti_lombardi_colors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dialetti_lombardi_colors.svg/250px-Dialetti_lombardi_colors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dialetti_lombardi_colors.svg/375px-Dialetti_lombardi_colors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dialetti_lombardi_colors.svg/500px-Dialetti_lombardi_colors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>Sudivixoìn dialetâli do Lonbàrdo<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: * A: Lonbàrdo arpìn * B: Lonbàrdo de ponénte * C: Lonbàrdo de levànte * D: Trentìn de ponénte * E: Variêtæ de pasàggio con l'emiliàn</figcaption></figure><p>E dôe variêtæ lengoìstiche ciù inportànti da léngoa lonbàrda, cómme za indicòu a-a meitæ do <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">sécolo XIX</a> inta clasificaçión do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardino_Biondelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardino Biondelli (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Bernardino Biondelli</a>, són quélla de levànte (dîta transabdoàn ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Or%C3%B2bia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oròbia (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">oròbico</a> ascì) e quélla de ponénte (dîta cisabdoàn<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ins%C3%B4bria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insôbria (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">insôbre</a> ascì)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, variànte che se diferénçian sorviatùtto da-o pónto de vìsta da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonolog%C3%AEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologîa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">fonologîa</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Méntre o Biondelli o l'à pöi spartîo i doî grùppi inti parlæ ciù inportànti (<a href="/wiki/Dialetto_milaneize" title="Dialetto milaneize">milanéize</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_l%C3%B6digi%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto lödigiàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">lödigiàn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_com%C3%A0sco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto comàsco (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">comàsco</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_valtelin%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto valtelinéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">valtelinéize</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_bormi%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto bormiéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">bormiéize</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_verban%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto verbanéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">verbanéize</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_ticin%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto ticinéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">ticinéize</a> a ponénte e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_bergam%C3%A0sco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto bergamàsco (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">bergamàsco</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_crem%C3%A0sco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto cremàsco (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">cremàsco</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_bresci%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto bresciàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">bresciàn</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_cremon%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto cremonéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">cremonéize</a> a levànte) e clasificaçioìn ciù modèrne àn portòu a l'indentificaçión de zöne con træti d'unitæ fonològica e gramaticâle che pìgian in conscideraçión 'n nùmero ciù grànde de variêtæ<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grafîa"><span id="Graf.C3.AEa"></span>Grafîa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modìfica a seçión Grafîa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Grafîa"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A modèrna Lonbardîa lengoìstica a no l'à mâi avûo o svilùppo de 'na sò <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koin%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koiné (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">koiné</a></i> a livèllo regionâle, mànco prìmma do <a href="/wiki/XVI_secolo" title="XVI secolo">Çinqueçénto</a>, quànde co-o nómme de "léngoa lonbàrda" s'indicâva ancón a coscì dîta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koin%C3%A9_pad%C3%A0nn-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koiné padànn-a (a pàgina a no l'exìste)"><i>koiné</i> padànn-a</a> (ciamâ lonbàrdo-véneta ascì), difûza inta Cianûa Padànn-a intrêga prìmma de l'afermaçión da nòrma toscànn-a<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pe sta raxón chi, ancheu gh'é di bèlli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scist%C3%AAma_de_scrit%C3%BBa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scistêma de scritûa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">scistêmi de scritûa</a> pe-i diferénti parlæ lonbàrdi. </p><p>A ògni mòddo, tra e régole de scritûa ghe n'é dôe ciù inportànti, che se trêuvan inte 'na scitoaçión de digrafîa in sciô teritöio: sàiva a dî quéllo de tîpo "clàscico", svilupæ a partî da-o Seiçénto da-a letiatûa milanéize, e quéllo de tîpo "modèrno", inspiræ a-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%AEa_ticin%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafîa ticinéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">modèllo ticinéize</a> do prinçìpio do <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">Nêuveçénto</a><sup id="cite_ref-:7_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Gh'é pöi 'na série de grafîa sperimentâli, che se són svilupæ a partî da-i ànni 2000 e ch'amÎan de creâ 'n scistêma de scritûa unitâio pe tùtti i parlæ lonbàrdi, pigiàn l'inspiraçión ségge da-i scistêmi za dêuviæ che renovàndoli do tùtto<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grafîa_clàscica"><span id="Graf.C3.AEa_cl.C3.A0scica"></span>Grafîa clàscica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modìfica a seçión Grafîa clàscica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Grafîa clàscica"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Maggi_Carlo_Maria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maggi_Carlo_Maria.jpg/220px-Maggi_Carlo_Maria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maggi_Carlo_Maria.jpg/330px-Maggi_Carlo_Maria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maggi_Carlo_Maria.jpg/440px-Maggi_Carlo_Maria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>O <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0rlo_M%C3%A0ia_M%C3%A0ggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Càrlo Màia Màggi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Càrlo Màia Màggi</a>, scritô e comediògrafo milanéize, outô do prìmmo scistêma de scritûa pi-â léngoa lonbàrda</figcaption></figure> <p>O l'é o scistêma ciù avoxòu pe stöia e tradiçión, creòu da-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0rlo_M%C3%A0ia_M%C3%A0ggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Càrlo Màia Màggi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Càrlo Màia Màggi</a> into <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">sécolo XVII</a> pò-u milanéize clàscico e codificòu inte l'<a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">Eutoçénto</a> da-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Cherubini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Cherubini (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Francesco Cherubini</a>. De chi, o l'é stæto dêuviòu scìnn-a-a prìmma meitæ do <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">sécolo XX</a>, con de diferénse picìnn-e ligæ a-e despæge ezigénse fonétiche locâli de vàrie tære lonbardòfone: bazòu in sciô scistêma de scritûa do toscàn, o gh'à 'na série d'eleménti specìfiche pe trascrîve i fonêmi caraterìstichi do lonbàrdo cómme, prezénpio, o grùppo "oeu" pe scrîve, cómme into françéize, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voc%C3%A2le_bril%C3%A0nte_m%C3%AAza_ser%C3%A2_ariond%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocâle brilànte mêza serâ ariondâ (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">vocâle brilànte mêza serâ ariondâ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ø/</span></a>, prezénpio <i>coeur</i>, "cheu") òpû a <i>u</i> pò-u són <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/y/</span></a> e a <i>ó</i> pi-â coscì dîta "<i>u</i> toscànn-a", a <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/u/</span></a>. </p><p>A grafîa clàscica a no veu ni de <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9gni_diacr%C3%ACtichi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ségni diacrìtichi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">diacrìtichi</a> ni de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Di%C3%AArexi_(s%C3%A9gno_diacr%C3%ACtico)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diêrexi (ségno diacrìtico) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">diêrexi</a>, adantàndose dónca con no goæi de problêmi a-i scistêmi de scritûa do toscàn. A ògni mòddo, aprêuvo a-o sò svilùppo a grafîa clàscica a s'adàtta ciù mêgio a-e variêtæ do lonbàrdo de ponénte<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grafîe_modèrne"><span id="Graf.C3.AEe_mod.C3.A8rne"></span>Grafîe modèrne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modìfica a seçión Grafîe modèrne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Grafîe modèrne"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grafîa_ticinéize"><span id="Graf.C3.AEa_ticin.C3.A9ize"></span>Grafîa ticinéize</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modìfica a seçión Grafîa ticinéize" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Grafîa ticinéize"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Gr%C3%BCgee,_cartello.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gr%C3%BCgee%2C_cartello.png/250px-Gr%C3%BCgee%2C_cartello.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gr%C3%BCgee%2C_cartello.png/375px-Gr%C3%BCgee%2C_cartello.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gr%C3%BCgee%2C_cartello.png/500px-Gr%C3%BCgee%2C_cartello.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Cartéllo da localitæ de <i>Grügee</i> into comùn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castel_San_Pietro_(Sv%C3%ACsera)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castel San Pietro (Svìsera) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Castéllo Sàn Pê</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Tic%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Ticìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">CH-TI</a>), scrîto co-a grafîa ticinéize.</figcaption></figure> <p>O segóndo scistêma de scritûa ch'o se svilupòu o l'é quéllo da coscì dîta grafîa ticinéize, codificâ into <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a> da-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Salvioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Salvioni (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Carlo Salvioni</a> pi-â redaçión do <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocabolario_dei_dialetti_della_Svizzera_italiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocabolario dei dialetti della Svizzera italiana (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Vocabolario dei dialetti della Svizzera italiana</a></i>, ch'a l'é 'n scistêma de tîpo fonològico (sàiva a dî che a ògni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fon%C3%AAma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonêma (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">fonêma</a> ghe corispónde 'n çèrto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%AAma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafêma (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">grafêma</a> ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digr%C3%A0mma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digràmma (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">digràmma</a>) ch'o l'adêuvia i mæximi eleménti etimològichi da nòrma toscànn-a, a-i quæ l'é azónto l'ûzo de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Di%C3%AArexi_(s%C3%A9gno_diacr%C3%ACtico)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diêrexi (ségno diacrìtico) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">diêrexi</a> pi-â raprezentaçión de vocâle sciâtæ (<i>ö</i> pi-â <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ø/</span></a> e <i>ü</i> pi-â <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/y/</span></a>, cómme inta <a href="/wiki/Lengua_tedesca" title="Lengua tedesca">léngoa tedésca</a>). </p><p>A codìfica e l'evoluçión de sta grafîa chi a l'é cuâ da-o <i>Centro di dialettologia e di etnografia del Canton Ticino</i><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, raxón pi-â quæ a l'é l'ùnica grafîa lonbàrda che d'ancheu a l'àgge 'na spécce d'oficializaçión inte l'ûzo pùblico, vegnìndo dêuviâ inta segnalética stradâle (spécce pe indicâ di topònimi locâli)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ségge into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Tic%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Ticìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cantón Ticìn</a> che into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Grix%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Grixón (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cantón Grixón</a>. </p><p>A caraterìstica ciù inportànte de sta grafîa chi, co-ina fórte diferénsa da quélla clàscica, a l'é dónca l'adataménto do scrîto a-a pronónçia di parlànti, eséndo stæta creâ pi-â trascriçión e o stùdio di sénci parlæ lonbàrdi da Svìsera. Ciù tàrdi, quésto scistêma o l'é stæto adotòu squæxi da tùtte e pàrte da Lonbardîa lengoìstica, vengìndo declinòu inte despæge ezigénse locâli<sup id="cite_ref-:7_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grafîa_modèrna"><span id="Graf.C3.AEa_mod.C3.A8rna"></span>Grafîa modèrna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modìfica a seçión Grafîa modèrna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Grafîa modèrna"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Claudio_beretta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Claudio_beretta.jpg/250px-Claudio_beretta.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Claudio_beretta.jpg/375px-Claudio_beretta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Claudio_beretta.jpg/500px-Claudio_beretta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudio_Beretta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudio Beretta (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Claudio Beretta</a>, creatô da coscì dîta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%AEa_mod%C3%A8rna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafîa modèrna (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">grafîa modèrna</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tra i adataménti da ticinéize, o ciù inportànte o l'é de a coscì dîta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%AEa_mod%C3%A8rna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafîa modèrna (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">grafîa modèrna</a>, propòsta into <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> da-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudio_Beretta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudio Beretta (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Claudio Beretta</a>, scritô, stòrico e lengoìstica óltre che prescidénte do <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circolo_Filologico_Milanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circolo Filologico Milanese (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Circolo Filologico Milanese</a></i>, pe superâ i lìmiti da grafîa milanéize clàscica. A diferénsa ciù grànde da-a ticinéize a l'é l'introduçión do caràtere "ʃ" pe marcâ a "s sonöra" (sàiva a dî a <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/z/</span></a>), de mòddo de levâ l'ûzo da <i>-ss-</i> intervocàlica pe indicâ a "s sórda" (sàiva a dî a <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/s/</span></a>), cómme fâ a grafîa clàscica, e tùtti i âtri câxi de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemina%C3%A7i%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geminaçión (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">geminaçión</a> gràfica de consonànte (fêua de <i>-nn</i>, ch'o l'ìndica a <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/n/</span></a>, pe marcâ a diferénsa da-a <i>-n</i>, ö sæ a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naz%C3%A2le_vel%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazâle velâ (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">nazâle velâ</a> <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ŋ/</span></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ciù tàrdi, into <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>, o Beretta mæximo o n'à propòsto 'na nêuva versción conosciûa cómme "grafîa lonbàrda senplificâ"<sup id="cite_ref-:9_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, cangiâ de mòddo da poéila dêuviâ pe tùtti i parlæ lonbàrdi. A ògni mòddo, e ciù grénde dificoltæ a scrîve con sto scistêma chi e di problêmi d'adataménto co-o lonbàrdo de levànte, àn portòu a limitâne bén bén l'ûzo<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grafîa_bergamàsca"><span id="Graf.C3.AEa_bergam.C3.A0sca"></span>Grafîa bergamàsca</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modìfica a seçión Grafîa bergamàsca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Grafîa bergamàsca"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tra e grafîe derivæ da-a ticinéize gh'é pöi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%AEa_bergam%C3%A0sca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafîa bergamàsca (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">quélla bergamàsca</a>, svilupâ inta prìmma meitæ <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">sécolo XX</a> da l'asociaçión locâle <i>Ducato di Piazza Pontida</i> e pertànto conosciûa cómme "Grafîa do Ducâto". Sto scistêma chi o l'é stæto adatòu p'amegioâ a réiza scrîta do bergamàsco e do rèsto do lonbàrdo de levànte e, prezénpio, a-o pòsto da grafîa milanéize modèrna a prevédde l'ûzo do trætìn a-o pòsto de l'apòstrofo inti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digr%C3%A0mma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digràmma (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">digràmmi</a> <i>s'c</i> e <i>s'g</i> e a pronónçia da <i>z</i> de lóngo cómme "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fricat%C3%AEva_alviol%C3%A2re_son%C3%B6ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fricatîva alviolâre sonöra (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">s sonöra</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/z/</span></a>, <i>zét</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grafîe_sperimentâli"><span id="Graf.C3.AEe_speriment.C3.A2li"></span>Grafîe sperimentâli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modìfica a seçión Grafîe sperimentâli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Grafîe sperimentâli"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A ògni mòddo, gh'é de tentatîvi ciù modèrni de svilupâ di scistêmi gràfichi alternatîvi e adàtti a l'ûzo pe tùtte e variànte do lonbàrdo. Tra sti chi, gh'é in particolâ o tentatîvo de svilupâ 'na grafîa unificâ (<i>urtugrafia ünificada</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che però o no l'à avûo goæi de sucèsso aprêuvo a-a sò grànde conplescitæ e a-o scistêma pöco intoîtîvo, adêuviàndo di scìnboli cómme <i>ç</i> pe <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/z/</span></a> e <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ʧ/</span></a> ò <i>ə</i> pe-e vocâle àtone <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/a/</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ə/</span></a> ò <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/e/</span></a>, óltre a l'òbrigo de marcâ a longhéssa de vocâle, scibén che gh'é l'eliminaçión di acénti in sciô prìmmo grafêma do digrâfo (dónca <i>aa</i> e no <i>àa</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A partî da-o <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> l'é stæto svilupòu a coscì dîta grafîa insóbrica unificâ (<i>insübrica ünificada</i>), creâ da-o giornâle <i>La Vus de l'Insübria</i> pî-a scritûa di parlæ lonbàrdi de ponénte. Sto scistêma chi, bazòu in sciâ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%AEa_ticin%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafîa ticinéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">grafîa ticinéize</a>, o l'é inta pràtica pægio a-a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%AEa_mod%C3%A8rna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafîa modèrna (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">milanéize modèrna</a> ma co-a fàrta do caràtere ʃ pi-â <a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/z/</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De stöie do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudyard_Kipling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudyard Kipling (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Rudyard Kipling</a> són stæte tradûte in lonbàrdo da-o lengoìsta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Tamburelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Tamburelli (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Marco Tamburelli</a> dêuviàndo, con quàrche adataménto, a grafîa insùbrica unificâ<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Vèrso a fìn di ànni 2000, pe voéi do cantoutô <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissander_Brasca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissander Brasca (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Lissander Brasca</a>, l'é stæto svilupòu o scistêma polinòmico <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scriver_Lombard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scriver Lombard (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Scriver Lombard</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, creòu pe permétte 'na scritûa ciù unifórme a-e despæge variêtæ do lonbàrdo e co-ina raprezentaçión fonética ciù contegnûa: inte quésto scistêma l'é poscibile che o mæximo scìnbolo gràfico o l'àgge de pronónçie diferénti, in sciâ bâze da variànte parlâ. O <i>scriver lombard</i> o l'amîa dónca de fonçionâ cómme 'na grafîa-téito pe-e diferénti variêtæ do lonbàrdo, abandonàndo de conveçioìn lengoìstiche de derivaçión toscànn-a e ricuperàndo i ûxi tìpichi de <i>scriptae</i> cançelerésche de l'Etæ de Mêzo. Scibén chò-u <i>Scriver Lombard</i> o no gh'à de bezéugno de ségni particolæ, o sò ûzo o no l'é goæi intoîtîvo pe chi o no sàcce o scistêma e, dónca, inta pràtica quésta a grafîa a gh'à 'na difuxón limitâ a pöchi outoî<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, scibén che gh'é di editoî ch'àn comensòu a dêuviâla ascì<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Inte l'ànno <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a> l'é stæto propòsto 'n âtro scistême polinòmico de scritûe de tùtte e variêtæ do lonbàrdo conosciûo co-o nómme de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noeuva_Ortografia_Lombarda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noeuva Ortografia Lombarda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Noeuva Ortografia Lombarda</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-:11_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ch'o l'é bazòu sorviatùtto in sciâ grafîa milanéize clàscica e in scê sò variànte che s'êan svilupæ inta Lonbardîa de levànte, scentàndo però prìmma da fìn do sécolo XIX<sup id="cite_ref-:10_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Grafîa<br />clàscica<br /><small>(1600-)</small> </th> <th>Grafîa<br />ticinéize<br /><small>(1907-)</small> </th> <th>Grafîa<br />modèrna<br /><small>(1979-)</small> </th> <th><i>Scriver</i><br /><i>Lombard</i><br /><small>(2011-)</small> </th> <th><i>Noeuva</i><br /><i>Ortografia</i><br /><i>Lombarda</i><br /><small>(2020-)</small> </th> <th>Trascriçión<br />fonémica<br /><small>(AFI)</small> </th> <th><b>Traduçión<br />in zenéize</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>lombard </td> <td>lumbaart </td> <td>lumbàrt </td> <td>lombard </td> <td>lombard </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/lum'ba:rt/</span></a> </td> <td>lonbàrdo </td></tr> <tr> <td>su </td> <td>sü<br />sö </td> <td>sü<br />sö </td> <td>su<br />sœ </td> <td>su<br />soeu </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/sy/</span></a> (ponénte)<br /><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/sø/</span></a> (levànte) </td> <td>sciù </td></tr> <tr> <td>fiœu </td> <td>fiöö<br />fiöl </td> <td>fiöö<br />fiöl </td> <td>fiœl </td> <td>fioeul </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/fjø:/</span></a> (ponénte)<br /><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/fjøl/</span></a> (levànte) </td> <td>figeu </td></tr> <tr> <td>comun </td> <td>cumün<br />comü </td> <td>cumün<br />comü </td> <td>comun </td> <td>comun </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA">/</a><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">ku'myn/</span></a> (ponénte)<br /><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ko'my/</span></a> (levànte) </td> <td>comùn </td></tr> <tr> <td>nazion </td> <td>nassiù(n)<br />nazziù(n) </td> <td>nasiù(n)<br />naziù(n) </td> <td>nazion </td> <td>nazzion </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/na'sju(n)/</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/na'tsju(n)/</span></a> </td> <td>naçión </td></tr> <tr> <td>giamò </td> <td>giamò </td> <td>giamò </td> <td>jamò </td> <td>sgiamò </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ʤa'mɔ/</span></a> </td> <td>de za </td></tr> <tr> <td>casetta </td> <td>caseta </td> <td>caʃèta </td> <td>caseta </td> <td>caseta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/ka'zɛta/</span></a> </td> <td>cazétta </td></tr> <tr> <td>gatt </td> <td>gatt </td> <td>gàt </td> <td>gat </td> <td>gat </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/gat/</span></a> </td> <td>gàtto </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lecch </td> <td>Lecch </td> <td>Lèch </td> <td>Lec </td> <td>Lech </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/lɛk/</span></a> </td> <td>Lécco </td></tr> <tr> <td>Còmm </td> <td>Comm<br />Cumm </td> <td>Còm<br />Cum </td> <td>Com </td> <td>Com </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/kɔm/</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/kum/</span></a> </td> <td>Cómmo </td></tr> <tr> <td>parlaa </td> <td>parlaa<br />parlàt </td> <td>parla<br />parlàt </td> <td>parlad </td> <td>parlad </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/par'la:/</span></a> (ponénte)<br /><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/par'lat/</span></a> (levànte) </td> <td>parlòu </td></tr> <tr> <td>pajœu </td> <td>pajöö<br />pajöl </td> <td>paiöö<br />paiöl </td> <td>paiœl </td> <td>pajoeul </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/pa'jø:/</span></a> (ponénte)<br /><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/pa'jøl/</span></a> (levànte) </td> <td>poieu </td></tr> <tr> <td>dur </td> <td>düür </td> <td>düür </td> <td>dur </td> <td>dur </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA"><span title="Quésta l'è 'na trascriçión IPA da pronónçia. Védde l'alfabêto fonètico internaçionâle." class="IPA">/dy:r/</span></a> </td> <td>dûo </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letiatûa"><span id="Letiat.C3.BBa"></span>Letiatûa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modìfica a seçión Letiatûa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Letiatûa"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Da-e_òrìgine_a-o_Trexénto"><span id="Da-e_.C3.B2r.C3.ACgine_a-o_Trex.C3.A9nto"></span>Da-e òrìgine a-o Trexénto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modìfica a seçión Da-e òrìgine a-o Trexénto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Da-e òrìgine a-o Trexénto"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Bonvesin_de_la_Riva_-_Meraviglie_di_Milano.djvu" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bonvesin_de_la_Riva_-_Meraviglie_di_Milano.djvu/page1-220px-Bonvesin_de_la_Riva_-_Meraviglie_di_Milano.djvu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bonvesin_de_la_Riva_-_Meraviglie_di_Milano.djvu/page1-330px-Bonvesin_de_la_Riva_-_Meraviglie_di_Milano.djvu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bonvesin_de_la_Riva_-_Meraviglie_di_Milano.djvu/page1-440px-Bonvesin_de_la_Riva_-_Meraviglie_di_Milano.djvu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1861" /></a><figcaption>Frontespìççio de l'òpera <i>De magnalibus urbis Mediolani</i> do Bonvesin de la Riva, inta ristànpa do 1921 cuâ da-a câza editôa Cogliati</figcaption></figure> <p>E prìmme testimoniànse scrîte do <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_vorg%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léngoa vorgâ (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">vorgâ</a> lonbàrdo remóntan a-o <a href="/wiki/XIII_secolo" title="XIII secolo">sécolo XIII</a>. Són pi-â ciù pàrte de òpere de tîpo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%AAx%C3%AEa_didasc%C3%A0lica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poêxîa didascàlica (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">didascàlico</a>-religiôzo, cómme prezénpio o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sermon_Divin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sermon Divin (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Sermon Divin</a></i> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%AAo_da_Barsegap%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pêo da Barsegapè (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Pêo da Barsegapè</a>, ch'o cónta a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasci%C3%B3n_do_Segn%C3%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasción do Segnô (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">pasción do Segnô</a><sup id="cite_ref-:13_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r177718">.mw-parser-output .citazione-table{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .citazione-table td{padding:0 1.2em 0 2.4em}.mw-parser-output .citazione-lang{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .citazione-lang td{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .citazione-lang td:first-child{padding:0 0 0 2.4em}.mw-parser-output .citazione-lang td:nth-child(2){padding:0 1.2em}</style><table class="citazione-table"> <tbody><tr class="citazione-lang"><td>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) <p>«No è cosa in sto mundo, tal è lla mia credença, ki se possa fenir, se no la se comença. Petro da Barsegapè si vol acomençare e per raxon ferire, segondo ke l ge pare. Ora omiunca homo intença e stia pur in pax, sed kel ne ge plaxe audire d'un bello sermon verax: cumtare eo se volio e trare per raxon una istoria veraxe de libri e de sermon, in la qual se conten guangii e anche pistore, e del novo e del vedre testamento de Criste.» </p> </td> </tr> <tr><td>(<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%AAo_da_Barsegap%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pêo da Barsegapè (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Pêo da Barsegapè</a>, <i>Sermon Divin</i>, vèrsci 1-10</small>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tra i âtri outoî, l'é stæto bén inportànte o contribûto a-a léngoa lonbàrda do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonvesin_de_la_Riva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonvesin de la Riva (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Bonvesin de la Riva</a>, ch'o l'à scrîto o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libro_dre_Tre_Scrigiure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libro dre Tre Scrigiure (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Libro dre Tre Scrigiure</a></i>, òpera dedicâ a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Inf%C3%A8rno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infèrno (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">infèrno</a>, a-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parad%C3%AEzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradîzo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">paradîzo</a> e a-a pasción do Segnô<sup id="cite_ref-:13_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Inte st'òpera chi gh'é numerôxi eleménti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegor%C3%AEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegorîa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">alegòrichi</a> óltre a un de prìmmi ûxi leterâi da lézze do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrap%C3%A0sso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrapàsso (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">contrapàsso</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tra i scrîti do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonvesin_de_la_Riva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonvesin de la Riva (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Bonvesin de la Riva</a> gh'é ancón 'n'òpera in sciâ vìtta de l'época a <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milàn</a>, o <i>De magnalibus urbis Mediolani</i> e 'n lìbbro de <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A0ibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gàibo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">gàibo</a>, o <i>De quinquaginta curialitatibus ad mensam</i><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A ògni mòddo, a léngoa scrîta a l'época a no l'êa goæi scìmile a-o lonbàrdo parlòu, ma ànsi se destacâva da sta chi somegiàndo de ciù a-a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koin%C3%A9_pad%C3%A0nn-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koiné padànn-a (a pàgina a no l'exìste)"><i>koiné</i> padànn-a</a>, sàiva a dî o <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_vorg%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léngoa vorgâ (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">vorgâ</a> erudîo latinezànte dêuviòu inte quélli ànni in <a href="/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte">Piemónte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombard%C3%AFa" title="Lombardïa">Lonbardîa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emìlia-Romàgna</a> e <a href="/wiki/Venneto" title="Venneto">Véneto</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A ciù antîga mençión conosciûa da léngoa lonbàrda che, fòscia, a fâva za riferiménto a-o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoe_g%C3%A0llo-it%C3%A0liche" title="Léngoe gàllo-itàliche">lengoàggio gàllo-itàlico</a> a-o pòsto da <i>koiné</i>, a remónta a-o <a href="/wiki/1280" title="1280">1280</a>: inte 'n tèsto de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salimbene_de_Adam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salimbene de Adam (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Salimbene de Adam</a> gh'é defæti scrîto che "[...] <i>optime loquebatur gallice tuscice et lombardice</i> [...]", sàiva a dî "o parlâva bén françéize, toscàn e lonbàrdo"<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Into còdice poêtico òcitàn <i>Leys d'amors</i>, do <a href="/wiki/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo">sécolo XIV</a>, a léngoa lonbàrda a l'é minsonâ insémme a de âtre léngoe eoropêe: "[...] <i>Apelam lengatge estranh coma frances, engles, espanhol, lombard</i> [...]", sàiva a dî "lengoàggi forèsti cómme françéize, ingléize, spagnòllo, lonbàrdo"<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Da-o_Quatroçénto_a-o_Seiçénto"><span id="Da-o_Quatro.C3.A7.C3.A9nto_a-o_Sei.C3.A7.C3.A9nto"></span>Da-o Quatroçénto a-o Seiçénto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modìfica a seçión Da-o Quatroçénto a-o Seiçénto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Da-o Quatroçénto a-o Seiçénto"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_-_Portrait_of_Giovanni_Bressani_(1490_-_1560)_-_NG_2347_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_-_Portrait_of_Giovanni_Bressani_%281490_-_1560%29_-_NG_2347_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg/220px-Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_-_Portrait_of_Giovanni_Bressani_%281490_-_1560%29_-_NG_2347_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_-_Portrait_of_Giovanni_Bressani_%281490_-_1560%29_-_NG_2347_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg/330px-Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_-_Portrait_of_Giovanni_Bressani_%281490_-_1560%29_-_NG_2347_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_-_Portrait_of_Giovanni_Bressani_%281490_-_1560%29_-_NG_2347_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg/440px-Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_-_Portrait_of_Giovanni_Bressani_%281490_-_1560%29_-_NG_2347_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption>O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A2ne_Bres%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zâne Bresàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Zâne Bresàn</a>, outô de poêxîe satìriche in bergamàsco</figcaption></figure> <p>Into córso do <a href="/wiki/XV_secolo" title="XV secolo">sécolo XV</a> a letiatûa lonbàrda a l'à visciûo o prinçìpio de l'afermaçión do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_tosc%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto toscàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">toscàn</a> leterâio, co-a progrescîva sostituçión di vorgæ padén che, scibén ch'êan za stæti infloensæ da-o fiorentìn, àivan avûo scìnn-a quéllo moménto 'n inportànte ròllo aministratîvo e giurìdico<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Tra i foutoî da toscanizaçión da coltûa lonbàrda gh'é stæto pròpio o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Govern%C3%A0nti_de_Mil%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Governànti de Milàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">dùcca de Milàn</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludov%C3%AEco_o_M%C3%B6o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludovîco o Möo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Ludovîco o Möo</a> che, inti ànni do sò régno, o l'àiva ciamòu a-a sò córte di òmmi de coltûa da-a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rep%C3%B9brica_de_Fir%C3%A9nse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repùbrica de Firénse (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Repùbrica de Firénse</a>, cómme prezénpio o <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Lionàrdo da Vìnci</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Inti mæximi ànni, a-a córte di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sf%C3%B3rsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfórsa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Sfórsa</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanc%C3%ACn_C%C3%B9rzio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancìn Cùrzio (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Lancìn Cùrzio</a> o l'à scrîto de òpere into parlâ milanéize<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Tra i <a href="/wiki/XV_secolo" title="XV secolo">sécoli XV</a> e <a href="/wiki/XVI_secolo" title="XVI secolo">XVI</a> di leteræ toschén comm'o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%AEgi_P%C3%B9lci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loîgi Pùlci (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Loîgi Pùlci</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben%C3%A9ito_D%C3%AAi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benéito Dêi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Benéito Dêi</a> àn publicòu, cómme 'na spécce de parodîa, di tèsti che contêgnan di caràteri lengoìstichi do parlâ de Milàn che, a ògni mòddo, no àn goæi de valô leterâio<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, coscì cómme a <i>Commedia e farse carnovalesche nei dialetti astigiano, milanese e francese misti con latino barbaro composte sul fine del sec. XV</i> de l'astigiàn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A2ne_Z%C3%B3rzo_Ali%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zâne Zórzo Alión (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Zâne Zórzo Alión</a>, dónde gh'é 'na pàrte scrîta inte 'n milanéize parodizòu<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. L'umanìsta fiorentìn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lion%C3%A0rdo_Salvi%C3%A2ti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lionàrdo Salviâti (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Lionàrdo Salviâti</a>, un di fondatoî de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mia_do_Br%C3%A9nno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Académia do Brénno (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Académia do Brénno</a>, o l'à publicòu a traduçión inte vàrri vorgæ (inclûzo o bergamàsco e o milanéize) de 'na stöia do <a href="/wiki/Zane_Boca%C3%A7%C3%A7o" title="Zane Bocaçço">Bocàccio</a>, pe poéili paragonâ a-o toscàn, che, pe cónto sò lê, o l'êa quéllo de regìstro ciù èrto e erudîo<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A partî da-o sécolo XV gh'é stæto i prìmmi svilùppi de 'na vêa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Letiat%C3%BBa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letiatûa lonbàrda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">letiatûa lonbàrda</a>. Inta pàrte de levànte s'ascìste a-a publicaçión de poêxîe satìriche do bergamàsco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A2ne_Bres%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zâne Bresàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Zâne Bresàn</a> e da <i>Massera da bé</i>, 'na <i>frottola</i> (sàiva a dî 'na spécce de diàlogo tiatrâle) do bresciàn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gali%C3%A0sso_di_%C3%92rzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galiàsso di Òrzi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Galiàsso di Òrzi</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pe cóntra, da-e tære do lonbàrdo de ponénte sciòrte i <i>Rabisch</i> (arabéschi), òpera de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mia_di_Fach%C3%ACn_da_val%C3%A0dda_de_Bl%C3%AAnio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Académia di Fachìn da valàdda de Blênio (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Académia di Fachìn da valàdda de Blênio</a>, a l'época sott'a-a direçión do pitô <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manier%C3%ACsmo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manierìsmo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">manierìsta</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A2ne_P%C3%B2ulo_Lom%C3%A0sso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zâne Pòulo Lomàsso (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Zâne Pòulo Lomàsso</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Meneghino_-_stampa_ottocento.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Meneghino_-_stampa_ottocento.jpg/220px-Meneghino_-_stampa_ottocento.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Meneghino_-_stampa_ottocento.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>O Meneghìn, personàggio do tiâtro milanéize diventòu pöi 'na màschera avoxâ da comédia de l'àrte</figcaption></figure> <p>Do prinçìpio do <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">sécolo XVII</a> gh'é e òpere do milanéize <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A0bio_Var%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fàbio Varéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Fàbio Varéize</a>, conosciûo da-a crìtica co-a nominâta de "poêta maledétto" <i>ante litteram</i>, mòrto de <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A8sta_do_1630&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pèsta do 1630 (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">pèsta into 1630</a> e outô de poêxîe de crìtica sociâle, pàrte do rìcco filón <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clascic%C3%ACsmo_(%C3%A0rte)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clascicìsmo (àrte) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">anticlascicìsta</a> de quélli ànni<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Into <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a> l'é sciortîo o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varon_milanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varon milanes (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Varon milanes de la lengua de Milan</a></i>, 'na spécce de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Di%C3%A7ion%C3%A2io_etimol%C3%B2gico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diçionâio etimològico (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">diçionâio etimològico</a> ch'o contêgne 'n çèrto nùmero de pòule milanéixi ascì, òpera de l'òsolàn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A2ne_Capis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zâne Capis (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Zâne Capis</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De quélli ànni gh'é 'n âtro tratâto inportànte ascì, sàiva a dî o <i>Prissian</i> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A2ne_Br%C3%AAuxo_B%C3%ACffi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zâne Brêuxo Bìffi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Zâne Brêuxo Bìffi</a>, tèsto do tùtto in milanéize dónde, pi-â prìmma vòtta, se parlâva de questioìn da pronónçia e da grafîa do vorgâ de Milàn<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p> Tra i ezénpi de milanéize antîgo gh'é sto tòcco chi de <i>Il falso filosofo</i> do <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>, a-a scêna XIV do tèrso àtto, dónde o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menegh%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meneghìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Meneghìn</a>, personàggio do tiâtro milanéize che ciù tàrdi o l'é diventòu 'na <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A0schera_(com%C3%A9dia_de_l%27%C3%A0rte)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Màschera (comédia de l'àrte) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">màschera</a> da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Com%C3%A9dia_de_l%27%C3%A0rte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comédia de l'àrte (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">comédia de l'àrte</a>, o se prezénta depoî a-o tribunâ:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r177718"></p><table class="citazione-table"> <tbody><tr class="citazione-lang"><td>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) <p>«E mì interrogatus ghe responditt.<br /> Sont Meneghin Tandœuggia,<br /> Ciamæ par sora nomm el Tananan,<br /> Del condamm Marchionn ditt el Sginsgiva;<br /> Sont servitor del sior Pomponi Gonz,<br /> C'al è trent agn che'l servj» </p> </td> <td>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="ligure">LIJ</abbr></span>) <p>«E mi <i>interrogatus</i><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gh'ò rispòsto.<br /> Són o Meneghìn Tarlùcco<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<br /> ciamòu pe nomiâgio o Genòu<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<br /> do sciô<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marchionne dîto o Zenzîa;<br /> són servitô do sciô Ponpónio Gónzo,<br /> ch'a sèrvo da trent'ànni» </p> </td></tr> <tr><td>(<small>O Meneghìn o se prezénta a-o tribunâ inte <i>Il falso filosofo</i> (1698), àtto III, scêna XIV<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Into <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">sécolo XVII</a> gh'é stæto l'afermaçión da figûa do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dramat%C3%B9rgo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dramatùrgo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">dramatùrgo</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0rlo_M%C3%A0ia_M%C3%A0ggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Càrlo Màia Màggi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Càrlo Màia Màggi</a>, personàggio da-a grànde inportànsa p'avéi normalizòu a grafîa do milanéize e p'êse stæto o creatô da màschera milanéize do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menegh%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meneghìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Meneghìn</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De ciù, se peu ancón aregordâ o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7%C3%A9sco_De_Lem%C3%AAne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Françésco De Lemêne (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Françésco De Lemêne</a>, amîgo e corispondénte do Màggi, ch'o l'é stæto l'outô de <i>La sposa Francesca</i>, prìmma òpera leterâia into modèrno parlâ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_l%C3%B6digi%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto lödigiàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">lödigiàn</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, e de 'na traduçión da <i><a href="/wiki/A_Gerusalemme_liber%C3%A2" title="A Gerusalemme liberâ">Geruzalèmme liberâ</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Inta Lonbardîa de levànte, sott'a-o contròllo da <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%B9brica_de_Ven%C3%A9%C3%A7ia" title="Repùbrica de Venéçia">Repùbrica de Venéçia</a>, gh'êa pe cóntra l'inportànte figûa do <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0rlo_As%C3%B2nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Càrlo Asònica (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Càrlo Asònica</a> che, co-a sò traduçión da <i>Geruzalèmme liberâ</i>, o l'à scrîto a ciù inportànte òpera leterâia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_bergam%C3%A0sco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto bergamàsco (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">bergamàsca</a> do sécolo XVII<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De lóngo into Seiçénto l'é stæto publicòu e prìmme <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosinade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosinade (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">bosinade</a></i>, de poêxîe popolâri d'òcaxón scrîte in sce di papê volànti da atacâ inte ciàsse òpû da lêze ò cantâ in pùblico, ch'àn avûo tànto sucèsso da restâ bén bén comùn scìnn-a-i prìmmi decénni do <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">sécolo XX</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sèteçénto_e_Eutoçénto"><span id="S.C3.A8te.C3.A7.C3.A9nto_e_Euto.C3.A7.C3.A9nto"></span>Sèteçénto e Eutoçénto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modìfica a seçión Sèteçénto e Eutoçénto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Sèteçénto e Eutoçénto"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Carlo_Porta_1844.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Carlo_Porta_1844.jpg/220px-Carlo_Porta_1844.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Carlo_Porta_1844.jpg/330px-Carlo_Porta_1844.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Carlo_Porta_1844.jpg/440px-Carlo_Porta_1844.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Porta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Porta (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Carlo Porta</a>, màscimo poêta da letiatûa lonbàrda</figcaption></figure> <p>A letiatûa milanéize into <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">sécolo XVIII</a> a l'à avûo 'n fórte svilùppo: gh'é stæto di gréndi scritoî comm'o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl%27Antonio_Tanzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl'Antonio Tanzi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Carl'Antonio Tanzi</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domenico_Balestrieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domenico Balestrieri (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Domenico Balestrieri</a>, asociæ a 'na série de âtre figûe interesànte cómme, de lóngo da-e pàrte de Milàn, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Bertani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Bertani (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Giuseppe Bertani</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girolamo_Birago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girolamo Birago (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Girolamo Birago</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Girolamo_Corio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Girolamo Corio (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Francesco Girolamo Corio</a>; pe de ciù, l'avoxòu poêta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Parini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Parini (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Giuseppe Parini</a> o l'à scrîto di conponiménti inta léngoa lonbàrda ascì<sup id="cite_ref-:14_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fêua di confìn de Milàn o præve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biagio_Bellotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biagio Bellotti (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Biagio Bellotti</a> o l'à scrîto a <i>Mommena bustese</i>, 'na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Com%C3%A9dia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comédia (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">comédia</a> into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_bust%C3%B2cco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto bustòcco (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">parlâ bustòcco</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9scia" title="Bréscia">Bréscia</a> l'êa atîvo o canònico <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Girelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Girelli (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Carlo Girelli</a>, outô de poêxîe d'òcaxón. Tra i ciù inportànti scritoî lonbàrdi de quélli ànni, gh'é pöi stæto l'abòu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Rota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Rota (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Giuseppe Rota</a>, outô de 'n gràn vocabolâio bergamàsco-toscàn-latìn inédito e de vàrie òpere poêtiche in oròbico, da lê de lóngo ciamòu "léngoa"<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'é da sto perîodo chi che coménsan a svilupâse inte 'n mòddo ciæo e caraterìstiche do lonbàrdo d'ancheu, fêua de quàrche particolaritæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fon%C3%A9tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonética (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">fonética</a> e da prezénsa do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pas%C3%B2u_lont%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasòu lontàn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">pasòu lontàn</a>, che de pöco in sa o l'aviéiva comensòu a scentâ partìndo pròpio da Milàn, dónde e sò ùrtime testimoniànse remóntan a-o <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a>, pe pöi càzze inte âtre çitæ, dónde coscì o s'é pèrso tra i <a href="/wiki/Anni_1840" title="Anni 1840">ànni '40</a> e '<a href="/wiki/Anni_1850" title="Anni 1850">50</a> de l'Eutoçénto, pe rexìste dónca sôlo inte localitæ ciù sperdûe scìnn-a-o <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, moménto da sò ùrtima testimoniànsa e da-o quæ o l'é stæto sostitoîo da tùtte e pàrte co-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perf%C3%A8tto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perfètto (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">perfètto</a>. </p><p>O prinçìpio do <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">sécolo XIX</a> o l'é caraterizòu da-a figûa do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Porta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Porta (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Carlo Porta</a>, conscideròu da-i studiôxi comm'o màscimo poêta da letiatûa lonbàrda, tànto ch'o l'é inclûzo tra i ciù gréndi poêti da letiatûa toscànn-a ascì<sup id="cite_ref-:15_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In particolâ, inte sò òpere gh'é çèrte tra e pónte ciù èrte de l'esprescivitæ da léngoa lonbàrda, cómme se peu védde inte di conponiménti cómme <i>La Ninetta del Verzee</i>, <i>Desgrazzi de Giovannin Bongee</i>, <i>La guerra di pret</i> e <i>Lament del Marchionn de gamb avert</i><sup id="cite_ref-:15_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A ògni mòddo, di ànni do Porta, gh'é di âtri outoî inportànti ascì, cómme o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Bossi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Bossi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Giuseppe Bossi</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Alfonso_Maria_Pellizzoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Alfonso Maria Pellizzoni (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Carlo Alfonso Maria Pellizzoni</a> e, sorviatùtto, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Grossi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tommaso Grossi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Tommaso Grossi</a><sup id="cite_ref-:14_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lê, amîgo do <a href="/wiki/Lisci%C3%A0ndro_Manz%C3%B4ni" title="Lisciàndro Manzôni">Manzoni</a> e gràn amiratô do Porta, o l'à scrîto de òpere satìriche cóntra a-o govèrno oustrìaco (<i>La Prineide</i>), di romànzi in vèrsci (<i>La fuggitiva</i>) e di romànzi stòrichi in pröza (<i>Marco Visconti</i>) e in poêxîa ascì (<i>Ildegonda</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A produçión poêtica in milanéize a l'êa coscì arivâ a 'na çèrta inportànsa tànto che, into <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>, o studiôzo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Cherubini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Cherubini (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Francesco Cherubini</a> o l'à stanpòu 'n'antologîa da letiatûa lonbàrda inte quàttro volùmmi, ch'a conprénde e òpere da-o sécolo XVII scìnn-a quélle a lê contenporànie<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nêuveçénto_e_ancheu"><span id="N.C3.AAuve.C3.A7.C3.A9nto_e_ancheu"></span>Nêuveçénto e ancheu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modìfica a seçión Nêuveçénto e ancheu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Nêuveçénto e ancheu"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Immaggine:Felice_Musazzi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Felice_Musazzi.JPG/250px-Felice_Musazzi.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Felice_Musazzi.JPG/375px-Felice_Musazzi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Felice_Musazzi.JPG/500px-Felice_Musazzi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>O monuménto a-o Felice Musazzi e a-a màschera da <i>Teresa</i> a Legàn</figcaption></figure> <p>Inta prìmma pàrte do <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">sécolo XX</a> o raprezentànte ciù avoxòu da letiatûa lonbàrda o l'é stæto l'avocâto milanéize <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delio_Tessa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delio Tessa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Delio Tessa</a>, ch'o s'é destacòu da-a tradiçión portiànn-a dàndo a-i sò scrîti di fórti træti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esprescion%C3%ACsmo_(letiat%C3%BBa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esprescionìsmo (letiatûa) (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">esprescionìsti</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Into méntre, a <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8rgamo" title="Bèrgamo">Bèrgamo</a> o scrivéiva o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bortolo_Belotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bortolo Belotti (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Bortolo Belotti</a>, avocâto lê ascì óltre che stòrico, minìstro e deputòu pe ciù legislatûe<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Tra i personàggi de sto perîodo chi se peu ancón aregordâ o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Speri_Della_Chiesa_Jemoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speri Della Chiesa Jemoli (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Speri Della Chiesa Jemoli</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Vareise" title="Vareise">Varéize</a>, e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gian_Stefano_Cremaschi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gian Stefano Cremaschi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Gian Stefano Cremaschi</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Lodi" title="Lodi">Lödi</a><sup id="cite_ref-:16_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gh'êa pöi o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Loi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Loi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Franco Loi</a> che, destacàndose pe têmi e grafîa da-a tradiçión leterâia milanéize o l'é ariêscîo a êse un di outoî ciù òriginâli da segónda meitæ do Nêuveçénto<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Da-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B3n_Tic%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantón Ticìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Cantón Ticìn</a> gh'é e òpere de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Orelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Orelli (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Giovanni Orelli</a>, ch'o l'à scrîto into sò parlâ, tìpico da Valàdda Leventìnn-a<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De sto sécolo chi gh'é ancón e òpere d'outoî ch'àn dêuviòu o lonbàrdo pe òcaxoìn e ûxi ciù despægi, cómme l'<a href="/wiki/Enzo_Jannacci" title="Enzo Jannacci">Enzo Jannacci</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Gaber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Gaber (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Giorgio Gaber</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanni_Svampa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanni Svampa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Nanni Svampa</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dario_Fo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dario Fo (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Dario Fo</a>, ch'o l'à goâgnòu o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9mmio_Nobel_pi-%C3%A2_letiat%C3%BBa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prémmio Nobel pi-â letiatûa (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">prémmio Nobel pi-â letiatûa</a> into <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a><sup id="cite_ref-:16_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>D'ancheu, a léngoa lonbàrda a l'é conosciûa de fêua di sò confìn lengoìstichi gràçie a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Legnanesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I Legnanesi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">I Legnanesi</a></i> ascì, 'na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conpagn%C3%AEa_de_ti%C3%A2tro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conpagnîa de tiâtro (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">conpagnîa de tiâtro</a> ch'a raprezénta de comédie into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dial%C3%A9tto_legnan%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialétto legnanéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">parlâ legnanéize</a> e ch'a l'é l'ezénpio ciù avoxòu do tiâtro <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_travesti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En travesti (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">en travesti</a></i> inta penîzoa<sup id="cite_ref-:17_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Defæti a conpagnîa, fondâ a <a href="/wiki/Legnano" title="Legnano">Legnàn</a> into <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> da-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felice_Musazzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felice Musazzi (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Felice Musazzi</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Barlocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Barlocco (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Tony Barlocco</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Cavalleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Cavalleri (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Luigi Cavalleri</a>, a l'é tra e ciù conosciûe into panoràmma do tiâtro eoropêo de léngoe regionâli. Inte sò raprezentaçioìn còmiche i comediànti de <i>I Legnanesi</i> propónn-an a-o pùblico de figûe satìriche da tìpica <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3rte_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Córte lonbàrda (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">córte lonbàrda</a><sup id="cite_ref-:17_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Co-o prinçìpio do <a href="/wiki/XXI_secolo" title="XXI secolo">sécolo XXI</a> l'é comensòu l'ûzo do lonbàrdo inta mûxica contenporània ascì, co-i péssi do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davide_Van_De_Sfroos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davide Van De Sfroos (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Davide Van De Sfroos</a><sup id="cite_ref-:16_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e-e traduçioìn in lonbàrdo de òpere do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Dylan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Dylan (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Bob Dylan</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gh'é pöi e clàsciche traduçioìn, ciù ò mêno lìbere, di gréndi scrîti da letiatûa mondiâle, con vàrie verscioìn lonbàrde de òpere cómme <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pin%C3%B2chio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinòchio (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Pinòchio</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/I_Spozo%C3%A9i_Inprom%C3%ACssi" title="I Spozoéi Inpromìssi">I Spozoéi Inpromìssi</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_pr%C3%ACn%C3%A7ipe_pic%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O prìnçipe picìn (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">O prìnçipe picìn</a></i>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Divinn-a_Com%C3%A9dia" title="Divinn-a Comédia">Divìnn-a Comédia</a></i> e, pi-â letiatûa religiôza, i <a href="/wiki/Evang%C3%AAio" title="Evangêio">Evangêi</a> ascì<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtte"><span id="N.C3.B2tte"></span>Nòtte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modìfica a seçión Nòtte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Nòtte"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Nòtte a-o tèsto</dt></dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fêua chi-â <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Mantova" title="Provinsa de Mantova">provìnsa de Màntova</a>, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Otrap%C3%B2_Pav%C3%A9ize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otrapò Pavéize (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Otrapò Pavéize</a> e o Casalàsco inta <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Cremonn-a" title="Provinsa de Cremonn-a">provìnsa de Cremónn-a</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inte <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_de_Nov%C3%A6a" title="Provinsa de Novæa">provìnse de Novâra</a> e do <a href="/wiki/Provinsa_do_Verb%C3%A0n_C%C3%BBsio_%C3%92ssola" title="Provinsa do Verbàn Cûsio Òssola">Verbàn-Côzio-Òsola</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inte valàdde de Rendénn-a, de Bónn-a e de Léddro</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fêua che <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Gurin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosco Gurin (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Bosco Gurin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inte pàrte ciù a sùd</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botuver%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botuverá (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Botuverá</a>, pàize fondòu da emigræ che arivâvan sorviatùtto da-a cianûa tra <a href="/wiki/Treviglio" title="Treviglio">Trevìggio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Crema_(Italia)" title="Crema (Italia)">Crémma</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Segóndo a grafîa milanéize clàscica</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Segóndo a grafîa ticinéize</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Pò-u Biondelli, scentàndo in prìmmo lêugo into milanéize (vèddi <cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBiondelli,_1853">Biondelli, 1853</a></cite>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Interrogatus</i> a l'é 'na fórma latìnn-a dêuviâ inti verbâli ofiçiæ di interogatöi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tandœuggia</i> o l'é <i>Babbuasso</i> pe <cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFArrighi,_1896">Arrighi, 1896</a>, p. 743</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tananan</i> o l'é <i>Scricciolo</i> ò <i>Ciampichino</i> pe <cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFArrighi,_1896">Arrighi, 1896</a>, p. 743</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Condamm</i> a l'é stropiatûa da-o latìn <i>quondam</i>, dêuviòu inti àtti ofiçiæ</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Nòtte bibliogràfiche</dt></dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">1,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1">1,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2">1,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3">1,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-4">1,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-5">1,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-6">1,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-7">1,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-8">1,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-9">1,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-10">1,10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-11">1,11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-12">1,12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-13">1,13</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Giovanni Bonfadini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dialetti-lombardi_(Enciclopedia-dell'Italiano)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lombardi, dialetti</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>, 2010. <small>URL consultòu o 16 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Mary C. Jones e Claudia Soria, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=v-ZBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA130"><span style="font-style:italic;">Assessing the effect of official recognition on the vitality of endangered languages: a case of study from Italy</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Policy and Planning for Endangered Languages</span>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015, p. 130, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/1-316-35241-2" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/1-316-35241-2">1-316-35241-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Lombard"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lombard</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">thefreedictionary.com</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 16 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-3">4,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-4">4,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-5">4,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFAgnoletto,_1992">Agnoletto, 1992</a>, p. 120</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFD'Ilario,_2003">D'Ilario, 2003</a>, p. 28</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFD'Ilario,_2003">D'Ilario, 2003</a>, p. 29</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lagobba.it/?p=652"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il milanese crogiuolo di tanti idiomi</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">lagobba.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 16 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRognoni,_2005">Rognoni, 2005</a>, p. 9</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Tullo Massarani e Carlo Tenca, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=b7lGAAAAIAAJ&hl=it&pg=PA169#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Prose e poesie scelte di Carlo Tenca</span></a>, vol. 2, Milàn, Ulrico Hoepli, 1888, p. 169.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFLoporcaro,_2009">Loporcaro, 2009</a>, p. 97</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Giovanni Bonfadini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=YvjBnAEACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">I dialetti trentini occidentali</span></a>, in Aldo Bertoluzza, <span style="font-style:italic;">Atti del II convegno sui dialetti del Trentino: 18-19-20 ottobre 1991</span>, Trénto, Centro culturale "Fratelli Bronzetti" Editore,, 1992, pp. 35-60.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) Karl Jaberg e Jakob Jud, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211234046/http://www3.pd.istc.cnr.it/navigais-web/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sprach und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">www3.pd.istc.cnr.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small> <small>(archiviòu da l'<abbr title="http://www3.pd.istc.cnr.it/navigais-web/">url òriginâle</abbr> l'11 dexénbre 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) AA. VV., <span style="font-style:italic;">Rivista italiana di dialettologia, Volumi 17-18</span>, Cooperativa libraria universitaria editrice, 1994, p. 55.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBiondelli,_1853">Biondelli, 1853</a>, p. 55</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Fabio Foresti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dialetti-emiliano-romagnoli_(Enciclopedia-dell'Italiano)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Emiliano-romagnoli, dialetti</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>, 2010. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Guiu Sobiela-Caanitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rivistaetnie.com/piemontese-110-e-lode/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Genesi della nazione piemontese</span></a>, 1983.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/52581/Thesis.pdf?sequence=1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Brazilian Bergamasch: an Italian language spoken in Botuverá (Santa Catarina, Brazil)</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">openaccess.leidenuniv.nl</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Giovan Battista Pellegrini, <span style="font-style:italic;">La carta dei dialetti d'Italia</span>, Pîza, Pacini editore, 1977.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Cecilia Poletto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512223617/http://egg.auf.net/05/docs/handouts/Cecilia/EGGdialectspoletto.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dialectal Variation in the Northern Italian Domain</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="docoménto inte formâto PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">egg.auf.net</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small> <small>(archiviòu da l'<abbr title="http://egg.auf.net/05/docs/handouts/Cecilia/EGGdialectspoletto.pdf">url òriginâle</abbr> o 12 màzzo 2014)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-1">20,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilsizzi.wordpress.com/2016/10/11/la-sintassi-lombarda/"><span style="font-style:italic;">La sintassi lombarda</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">ilsizzi.wordpress.com</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Raffaella Zanuttini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=AOpwbxbZi3wC"><span style="font-style:italic;">Negation and clausal structure: A comparative study of Romance languages</span></a>, USA, Oxford University Press, 1997, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/0-195-35978-X" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/0-195-35978-X">0-195-35978-X</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veja.it/2012/06/07/la-lingua-padana-o-padanese-prima-parte/"><span style="font-style:italic;">La lingua padana o padanese</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">veja.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Clemente Merlo, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'Italia dialettale</span>, n. 1, 1924, pp. 12-26.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBiondelli,_1853">Biondelli, 1853</a>, pp. 4-5</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lmo"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ethnologue report for language "lmo"</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">ethnologue.com</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Andrea Rognoni, <span style="font-style:italic;">La divisione della Lombardia in aree o sezioni</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Centro delle culture lombarde, Grammatica dei dialetti della Lombardia</span>, Milàn, Mondadori, 2005, pp. 8-9.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Glauco Sanga, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=mV1nQgAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Koinè in Italia dalle origini al Cinquecento</span></a>, in Glauco Sanga, <span style="font-style:italic;">La lingua lombarda. Dalla koinè alto-italiana delle origini alla lingua cortegiana</span>, Bèrgamo, Lubrina, 1990, pp. 79-163, pp. 146-147, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-77-66089-9" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-77-66089-9">88-77-66089-9</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_37-0">28,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_37-1">28,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Gabriele Iannàccaro e Vittorio Dell'Aquila, <span style="font-style:italic;">Per una tipologia dei sistemi di scrittura spontanei in area romanza</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Estudis Romànics</span>, n. 30, 2008, p. 323.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_38-0">29,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_38-1">29,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_38-2">29,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_38-3">29,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_38-4">29,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_38-5">29,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Emanuele Miola, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=0FoeswEACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chì pòdom tucc scriv come voeurom. Scrivere in lombardo on-line</span></a>, in Silvia Dal Negro, Federica Guerini e Gabriele Iannàccaro, <span style="font-style:italic;">Elaborazione ortografica delle varietà non standard: esperienze spontanee in Italia e all'estero</span>, Bèrgamo, Bergamo University Press-Sestante edizioni, 2015, pp. 79-96, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-66-42192-8" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-66-42192-8">88-66-42192-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.ti.ch/decs/dcsu/ac/cde/cde/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Centro di dialettologia e di etnografia del Canton Ticin</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">www4.ti.ch</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Patrick Stopper, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tio.ch/ticino/attualita/1357638/smonta-il-cartello-perche-non-le-piace-il-nuovo-nome-della-via"><span style="font-style:italic;">Smonta il cartello perché non le piace il nuovo nome della via</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">tio.ch</span>, 13 màrso 2019. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBeretta,_2003">Beretta, 2003</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:9_42-0">33,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:9_42-1">33,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBeretta,_2003">Beretta, 2003</a>, pp. 23-24</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Gianni Pisoni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.facoetti.com/images/stories/pdf/P221%20NozioniGrammDialeBerg.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nozioni di grammatica del dialetto bergamasco</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="docoménto inte formâto PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), Ducato di Piazza Pontida. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Jørgen Giorgio Bosoni, <span style="font-style:italic;">Una proposta di grafia unificata per le varietà linguistiche lombarde: regole per la trascrizione</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Bollettino Storico dell'Alta Valtellina</span>, n. 6, 2003, pp. 195-298.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Claudi Meneghin, <span style="font-style:italic;">Rebuilding the Rhaeto-Cisalpine written language: Guidelines and criteria, 2007-2010. Part I: ORS-Orthography. Part II: Morphology, I: noun, article and personal pronoun. Part III. Morphology, II: adjectives, pronouns, invariables. Part IV. Morphology, III: the verb</span>, Ianua 7 (2007): 37-72; 8 (2008): 113-152; 9 (2009): 37-94; 10 (2010): 33-72.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) Marc Tambürèl, <span style="font-style:italic;">Scerna de stori del Rudyard Kipling</span>, 2009.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) Lissander Brasca, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inlombard.eu5.net/Lissander_Flip_corretto/Scriver_Lombard_L99_Lissander_Brasca.html#p=2"><span style="font-style:italic;">Scriver Lombard</span></a>, Mónsa, Menaresta, 2011, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-96-75110-1" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-96-75110-1">88-96-75110-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Paolo Coluzzi, <span style="font-style:italic;">The new speakers of Lombard</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2018-0017">abstract</a>), in <span style="font-style:italic;">Multilingua</span>, vol. 38, n. 2, 2019, pp. 187-211.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Paolo Coluzzi, Lissander Brasca e Emanuele Miola, <span style="font-style:italic;">Writing systems for Italian regional languages</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2018.1531875">abstract</a>), in <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development</span>, vol. 40, n. 6, 2019.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Paolo Coluzzi, Lissander Brasca, Marco Trizzino e Simona Scuri, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=kZbrtwEACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Language planning for Italian regional languages: the case of Lombard and Sicilian</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Linguistic Regionalism in Eastern Europe and Beyond: Minority, Regional and Literary Microlanguages</span>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Studies on Language and Culture in Central and Eastern Europe</span>, vol. 31, Berlìn, Peter Lang, 2018, pp. 274-298, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/3-631-75151-6" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/3-631-75151-6">3-631-75151-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:10_51-0">42,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:10_51-1">42,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Athos Birra, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:164943"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il dialetto ticinese nella comunicazione mediata dal computer. Analisi di un corpus</span></a>, Université de Genève, 2022. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) Emilio Alessandro Manzotti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=prpiAQAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Fliça</span></a>, BookTribu, 2017, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-99-09913-8" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-99-09913-8">88-99-09913-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://valtellinanews.it/lessico-lombardo/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lessico lombardo</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">valtellinanews.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) Kahlil Gibran e Marco Tamburelli (traduçión de), <span style="font-style:italic;">El profeta</span>, Mónsa, Menaresta, 2015, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-96751-17-9" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-96751-17-9">88-96751-17-9</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) Altan, Agnese Baruzzi e Lissander Brasca (traduçión de), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=ES0KzgEACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">La Pimpa la va a Milan</span></a>, Franco Cosimo Panini, 2020, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-57-01669-2" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-57-01669-2">88-57-01669-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:11_56-0">47,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:11_56-1">47,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academiabonvesin.eu/noeuva-ortografia-lombarda/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Noeuva Ortografia Lombarda</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">academiabonvesin.eu</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:13_57-0">48,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:13_57-1">48,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Angelo Bascapè, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=LwcOAQAAMAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Arte e religione nei poeti lombardi del Duecento</span></a>, Firénse, Olschki, 1964, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-22-21476-5" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-22-21476-5">88-22-21476-5</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Luigi Spagnolo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/articoli/percorsi/percorsi_105.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">L'oltretomba senz'anima (o quasi) di Bonvesin da la Riva</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807175653/http://www.classicitaliani.it/index139.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bonvesin de la Riva - òpere</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">classicitaliani.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small> <small>(archiviòu da l'<abbr title="http://www.classicitaliani.it/index139.htm">url òriginâle</abbr> o 7 agósto 2019)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Rosario Coluccia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/koine_(Enciclopedia-dell'Italiano)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Koine</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>, 2010. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) Emmanuel Bury, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=3yTkbnZIeSwC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=optime+loquebatur+gallice+tuscice+et+lombardice&source=bl&ots=bP79mXQafO&sig=uCLpYq9Ln5Zat6phCyd5yhkw5Bo&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi16K_R3ozWAhWHUBQKHRcXBDcQ6AEIJjAC#v=onepage&q=optime%20loquebatur%20gallice%20tuscice%20et%20lombardice&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tous vos gens a latin: le latin, langue savante, langue mondaine (XIVe-XVIIe siècles)</span></a>, Ginêvra, Librairie Droz, 2005, p. 35, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/2-600-00975-2" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/2-600-00975-2">2-600-00975-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=Ou6qCQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA31&lpg=RA1-PA31&dq=Apelam+lengatge+estranh+coma+frances,+engles,+espanhol,+lombard&source=bl&ots=J5rgy8eJF_&sig=jblseWv-S9aIxAjZuYx5t_t4spE&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibuufE34zWAhUFVhoKHdTTBqMQ6AEIIDAB#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">XIV Congresso Internationale di Linguistica e Filologia Romanza: Napoli, 15–20 Aprile 1974, Atti</span></a>, Amsterdàn, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1978, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/90-27-26802-9" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/90-27-26802-9">90-27-26802-9</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Josh Brown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818052204/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-437059133.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Testimonianze Di Una Precoce Toscanizzazione Nelle Lettere Commerciali del Mercante Milanese Francesco Tanso (?-1398)</span></a>, Pròu, Archivio Datini <small>(archiviòu da l'<abbr title="https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-437059133.html">url òriginâle</abbr> o 18 agósto 2018)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storico.org/umanesimo_rinascimento/ludovico_moro.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ludovico il Moro e l'età aurea della Grande Milano</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">storico.org</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Mirko Tavoni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=OYbtCgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=it&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Storia della lingua italiana. Il Quattrocento</span></a>, libreriauniversitaria.it edizioni, 2015, pp. 153 ss, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-62-92538-7" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-62-92538-7">88-62-92538-7</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Mirko Tavoni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=OYbtCgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=it&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Storia della lingua italiana. Il Quattrocento</span></a>, libreriauniversitaria.it edizioni, 2015, p. 152, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-62-92538-7" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-62-92538-7">88-62-92538-7</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Alberto Asor Rosa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gian-giorgio-alione_(Dizionario-Biografico)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">ALIONE, Gian Giorgio</span></a>, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 2, 1960.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Leonardo Salviati, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=0zE8AAAAcAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Degli avvertimenti della lingua sopra il Decamerone</span></a>, Venéçia, 1584.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Hermann W. Haller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=_F4C4AXtLFIC&pg=PA106"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Other Italy: The Literary Canon in Dialect</span></a>, Toronto, University of Press, 1999, p. 106, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/0-802-04424-7" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/0-802-04424-7">0-802-04424-7</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Roberto Ciardi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-paolo-lomazzo_(Dizionario-Biografico)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">LOMAZZO, Giovanni Paolo</span></a>, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 65, 2005.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Mirko Tavoni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canzon.milan.it/letteratura_milanese/varese.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Letteratura Milanese - Fabio Varese</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">canzon.milan.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Guglielmo Stefani, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=q7fAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA65"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario corografico del Novarese</span></a>, 2ª ed., Milàn, Lampi di stampa, 2010, p. 65, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-48-81157-4" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-48-81157-4">88-48-81157-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-ambrogio-biffi_(Dizionario_Biografico)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">BIFFI, Giovanni Ambrogio</span></a>, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 10, 1968.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Càrlo Màia Màggi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=kPQmkrFoPdYC&pg=PA100"><span style="font-style:italic;">Comedie e rime in lingua milanese</span></a>, vol. 4, Milàn, 1701, pp. 100-101.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Atlante del Sapere, <span style="font-style:italic;">Maschere italiane</span>, Firénse, Edizioni Demetra, 2002, p. 116.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Francesco De Lemene e Dante Isella (a cûa de), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=a6SBngEACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">La Sposa Francesca</span></a>, Torìn, Giulio Einaudi Editore, 1979.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-de-lemene/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lemène, Francesco de</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Ulisse Guidi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=UtPtM-rLyooC&hl=it&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Annali delle edizioni e delle versioni della Gerusalemme liberata e d'altri lavori al poema relativi</span></a>, Libreria Guidi Bologna, 1868, p. 105.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Emmanuele Antonio Cigogna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=ZA0RY0GFzy4C&hl=it&pg=PA152#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Delle inscrizioni veneziane raccolte ed illustrate da Emmanuele Antonio Cigogna, cittadino veneto</span></a>, vol. III, Venéçia, Giuseppe Picotti Stampatore, 1830, pp. 152-154.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/bosinada.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bosinada</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:14_85-0">72,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:14_85-1">72,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anticacredenzasantambrogiomilano.org/linguastoria/7001.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Letteratura milanese - Il '700</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">anticacredenzasantambrogiomilano.org</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.unicatt.it/search~S13*ita?/cFONDO+Silvio+Cipriani-E-75/cfondo+silvio+cipriani+e+++++++75/-3,-1,,E/browse"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sistema bibliotecario e documentale</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">opac.unicatt.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Luigi Ferrario, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=VJwBAAAAQAAJ&hl=it&pg=PA172#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Busto Arsizio: notizie storico-statistiche</span></a>, Bùsto Arsìçio, Tipografia Sociale di Busto Arsizio, 1864, pp. 172-175.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBiondelli,_1853">Biondelli, 1853</a>, p. 106</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academiabonvesin.eu/2022/09/el-passad-lontan-in-lombard/"><span style="font-style:italic;">El passad lontan in lombard</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">academiabonvesin.eu</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:15_90-0">77,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:15_90-1">77,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/carlo-porta"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pòrta, Carlo</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tommaso-grossi"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gròssi, Tommaso</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-cherubini"><span style="font-style:italic;">Cherubini, Francesco</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Mauro Novelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=TTUcAQAAIAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">I saggi lirici di Delio Tessa</span></a>, LED, 2001, pp. 52-54, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-79-16146-6" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-79-16146-6">88-79-16146-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://servizi.ct2.it/ssl/wiki/index.php?title=Bortolo_Belotti"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bortolo Belotti,</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">servizi.ct2.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:16_95-0">82,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:16_95-1">82,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:16_95-2">82,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/lombardofonia/home"><span style="font-style:italic;">Antologia lombarda</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">sites.google.com</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/franco-loi"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lòi, Franco</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-orelli"><span style="font-style:italic;">Orèlli, Giovanni</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:17_98-0">85,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:17_98-1">85,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiorno.it/milano/cronaca/2014/03/23/1042734-antonio-provasio-legnanesi-intervista.shtml#1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Antonio Provasio, capocomico dei Legnanesi: "Milano mi dà il pane e mi riempie il cuore"</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">ilgiorno.it</span>, 23 màrso 2014. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Luigi Bolognini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/musica/2016/10/17/news/bob_dylan-149853920/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il tempismo è perfetto, Bob Dylan è in dialetto lombardo: "È l'emblema dei cantastorie"</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">repubblica.it</span>, 17 òtôbre 2016. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patrimonilinguistici.it/letteratura-lingua-locale-quale-futuro/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Letteratura in lingua locale: quale futuro?</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">patrimonilinguistici.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografîa"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.AEa"></span>Bibliografîa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modìfica a seçión Bibliografîa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografîa"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Stùddi generâli</b> </p> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBiondelli,_1853" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Bernardino Biondelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archive.org/stream/saggiosuidialet02biongoog#page/n8/mode/1up"><span style="font-style:italic;">Saggio sui dialetti Gallo-italici</span></a>, Milàn, Giuseppe Bernardoni, 1853, p. 55.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDevoto_&_Giacomelli,_1972" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Giacomo Devoto e Gabriella Giacomelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=8nYIAQAAIAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">I dialetti delle regioni d'Italia</span></a>, 2ª ed., Firénse, Sansoni, 1972.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSanga,_1984" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Glauco Sanga, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=ghddAAAAMAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dialettologia lombarda. Lingue e culture popolari</span></a>, Pavîa, Dipartimento di scienza della letteratura, Università di Pavia, 1984.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCortelazzo,_1988" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Manlio Cortelazzo, <span style="font-style:italic;">Profilo dei dialetti italiani</span>, Pîza, Pacini, 1988.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLoporcaro,_2009" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Michele Loporcaro, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=rEQqAQAAIAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Profilo linguistico dei dialetti italiani</span></a>, Rómma-Bâri, Laterza, 2009, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-42-08920-6" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-42-08920-6">88-42-08920-6</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrasca,_2020" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Lissander Brasca, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/44519431/Un_problema_nella_classificazione_delle_lingue_del_gruppo_gallo_italico_allinterno_della_famiglia_romanza"><span style="font-style:italic;">Un problema nella classificazione delle lingue del gruppo gallo-"italico" all'interno della famiglia romanza</span></a>, in Marco Trizzino, <span style="font-style:italic;">Il varco della Sfinge - Nuove etimologie nell'odierno orizzonte linguistico-etnografico</span>, Rómma, LAS, 2020, pp. 153-170.</cite></li></ul> <p><b>Diçionâi, gramàtiche e séncie variànte</b> </p> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Francesco Cherubini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=sV1JAAAAMAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Vocabolario milanese-italiano</span></a>, Milàn, Stamperia reale, 1814.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFArrighi,_1896" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Cletto Arrighi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=DLQvAQAAMAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario milanese-italiano</span></a>, Milàn, Ulrico Hoepli, 1896.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAzimonti,_1939" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Carlo Azimonti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=DLQvAQAAMAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Linguaggio bustocco</span></a>, Milàn, Industria d'arti grafiche P. Pellegatta, 1939.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZahner,_1989" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Gérard Zahner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=Isz_7i4Mu3sC"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il dialetto della Val San Giacomo (Valle Spluga)</span></a>, Milàn, Vita e Pensiero, 1989, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-34-30439-X" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-34-30439-X">88-34-30439-X</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFD'Ilario,_2003" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Giorgio D'Ilario, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=kThAcgAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario legnanese</span></a>, Legnàn, Artigianservice, 2003.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBeretta,_2003" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Claudio Beretta, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=ZkWFAAAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Parlate e dialetti della Lombardia. Lessico comparato</span></a>, Milàn, Mondadori, 2003, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spe%C3%A7iale:Ri%C3%A7ercaISBN/88-04-51475-2" title="Speçiale:RiçercaISBN/88-04-51475-2">88-04-51475-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRognoni,_2005" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Andrea Rognoni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=UJRiAAAAMAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Grammatica dei dialetti della Lombardia</span></a>, Milàn, Mondadori, 2005.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBertolli,_2015" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Francesco Bertolli, <span style="font-style:italic;">La parlata popolare di Lonate Pozzolo</span>, Pro Loco Lonate Pozzolo, 2015.</cite></li></ul> <p><b>Âtro</b> </p> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFSalvi,_1975" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Sergio Salvi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=7WQOAAAAIAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Le lingue tagliate: storia delle minoranze linguistiche in Italia</span></a>, Milàn, Rizzoli, 1975.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSaibene,_1986" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Cesare Saibene, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=VH8gAQAAIAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Guide d'Italia: Milano, i laghi prealpini e la Brianza, la pianura lombarda</span></a>, Milàn, Fabbri, 1986.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAgnoletto,_1992" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Attilio Agnoletto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-ricerca-avanzata/-/opac-adv/detail/CFI0249761?"><span style="font-style:italic;">San Giorgio su Legnano dalla preistoria a oggi: storia, società, ambiente</span></a>, Comùn de Sàn Zórzo in sciô Legnàn, 1992.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMacchione,_1998" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Pietro Macchione, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=f_P_GgAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Olona: il fiume, la civiltà, il lavoro</span></a>, Varéize, Macchione Editore, 1998.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Regina Casey Thompson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publish.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1210&context=honorstheses"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Erosion of Brianzolo: The Impact of Standard Italian on a Dialect and a Cultural Identity</span></a>, College of William & Mary Undergraduate Honors Theses, Paper 206, 2015.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Âtri_progètti"><span id=".C3.82tri_prog.C3.A8tti"></span>Âtri progètti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modìfica a seçión Âtri progètti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Âtri progètti"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Collabora a Wikipedia"><img alt="Collabora a Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/18px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/36px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> a gh'à 'n'ediçión in <b><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="lmo:">léngoa lonbàrda (lmo.wikipedia.org)</a></b></li></ul> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Lombard language"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lombard_language?uselang=lij">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> a contêgne di files in sce <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lombard_language?uselang=it">Lonbàrdo</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conligaménti_estèrni"><span id="Conligam.C3.A9nti_est.C3.A8rni"></span>Conligaménti estèrni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modìfica a seçión Conligaménti estèrni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoa_lonb%C3%A0rda&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Conligaménti estèrni"><span>modìfica wikitèsto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lmo"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lombard</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">Ethnologue: Languages of the World</span>, Ethnologue.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-382.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger - Lombard</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">unesco.org</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latuamilano.com/vocabolario_milanese.php"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario milanese-italiano</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">latuamilano.com</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ducatodipiazzapontida.it/cultura-tradizioni-folclore/vocabolario-italiano-bergamasco/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario bergamasco-italiano</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">ducatodipiazzapontida.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="lombardo">LMO</abbr>, <abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lingualombarda.it/"><span style="font-style:italic;">LinguaLombarda - bibliotêca lonbàrda in sciâ Ræ</span></a>, in sce <span style="font-style:italic;">lingualombarda.it</span>. <small>URL consultòu o 17 màrso 2023</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r174886">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#ddf;padding:0 10px}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Lengue_do_Gruppo_Italico"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9ngoe_it%C3%A0liche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léngoe itàliche (a pàgina a no l'exìste)">Léngoe itàliche</a> <small><small>(<a href="/wiki/Lengoe_romanse" title="Lengoe romanse">Romànze</a>)</small></small></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Léngoe romànze</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">De ponénte</th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Ibêro-romànze</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lengua_aragoneise" title="Lengua aragoneise">Aragonéize</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_asturiann-a" title="Lengoa asturiann-a">Asturiàn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_galissiann-a" title="Lengua galissiann-a">Galiçiàn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_leonesa" title="Lengoa leonesa">Leonéize</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_portogheize" title="Lengoa portogheize">Portoghéize</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_spagn%C3%B2lla" title="Lengua spagnòlla">Spagnòllo</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dialetto_andaluso" title="Dialetto andaluso">andalôzo</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Òcitàn-romànze</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lengua_catalann-a" title="Lengua catalann-a">Catalàn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_oc%C3%A7itann-a" title="Lengoa ocçitann-a">Òcitàn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_provens%C3%A2le" title="Lengoa provensâle">Provensâ</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Gàllo-romànze</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lengua_fran%C3%A7%C3%A8ise" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengua françèise">Françéize</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_franco-provens%C3%A2" title="Lengua franco-provensâ">Frànco-provensâ</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_furlan-a" title="Lengua furlan-a">Friolàn</a><sup id="cite_ref-a_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_ladin-a" title="Lengua ladin-a">Ladìn</a><sup id="cite_ref-a_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_romancia" title="Lengua romancia">Romàncio</a><sup id="cite_ref-a_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_vallon-a" title="Lengua vallon-a">Valón</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoe_g%C3%A0llo-it%C3%A0liche" title="Léngoe gàllo-itàliche">Gàllo-itàliche</a><sup id="cite_ref-a_101-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lengoa_ligure" title="Lengoa ligure">Lìgure</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Lengoa_zeneize" title="Lengoa zeneize">zenéize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dialettu_savuneize" title="Dialettu savuneize">savonéize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dialettu_ventemigliusu" title="Dialettu ventemigliusu">vintimigiôzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dial%C3%A8to_spezin" title="Dialèto spezin">spezìn</a> et al., véddi <b><a href="/wiki/Vari%C3%A0nte_l%C3%ACguri" title="Variànte lìguri">chi</a></b>)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_piemont%C3%A9ize" title="Léngoa piemontéize">Piemontéize</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lonbàrdo</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dialetto_milaneize" title="Dialetto milaneize">milanéize</a>)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_emili%C3%A0nn-a" title="Léngoa emiliànn-a">Emiliàn</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dialetto_piaxentin" title="Dialetto piaxentin">piâxentìn</a>)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_romagn%C3%B2lla" title="Léngoa romagnòlla">Romagnòllo</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Ìtalo-dàlmate</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lengua_corsa" title="Lengua corsa">Còrso</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_itali%C3%A0nn-a" title="Léngoa italiànn-a">Italiàn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengoa_istri%C3%B2ta" title="Lengoa istriòta">Istriòto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_napolitann-a" title="Léngoa napolitann-a">Napolitàn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_si%C3%A7iliann-a" title="Lengua siçiliann-a">Siciliàn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lengua_veneta" title="Lengua veneta">Véneto</a><sup id="cite_ref-a_101-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">De levànte</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lengua_romenn-a" title="Lengua romenn-a">Romêno</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Romànze de îzoe</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lengua_sarda" title="Lengua sarda">Sàrdo</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Âtre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_fr%C3%A0nca_mediter%C3%A0nia" title="Léngoa frànca mediterània">Léngoa frànca mediterània</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Léngoe antîghe</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_lat%C3%ACnn-a" title="Léngoa latìnn-a">Latìn</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow" style="text-align:left;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-a_101-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-a_101-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-a_101-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-a_101-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-a_101-4">1,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Clasificaçión contestâ</span> </li> </ol></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r166297">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid 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