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aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Interes" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Interes" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Interes" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Interes" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jatorria_eta_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jatorria_eta_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jatorria eta historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jatorria_eta_historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Jatorria eta historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jatorria_eta_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Matematikaren_historian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matematikaren_historian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Matematikaren historian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matematikaren_historian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interes motak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interes_motak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Interes motak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interes_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maileguaren_gaineko_interes_tasaren_justifikazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maileguaren_gaineko_interes_tasaren_justifikazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Maileguaren gaineko interes tasaren justifikazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maileguaren_gaineko_interes_tasaren_justifikazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_moten_izenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_moten_izenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interes moten izenak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interes_moten_izenak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Interes moten izenak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interes_moten_izenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Interes-tasa_finkoa_eta_interes_aldakorra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes-tasa_finkoa_eta_interes_aldakorra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Interes-tasa finkoa eta interes aldakorra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes-tasa_finkoa_eta_interes_aldakorra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes-tasa_nominala_-_ITN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes-tasa_nominala_-_ITN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Interes-tasa nominala - ITN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes-tasa_nominala_-_ITN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urteko_tasa_baliokidea_-_UTB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urteko_tasa_baliokidea_-_UTB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Urteko tasa baliokidea - UTB</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urteko_tasa_baliokidea_-_UTB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes-tasa_erreala_edo_hertsia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes-tasa_erreala_edo_hertsia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Interes-tasa erreala edo hertsia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes-tasa_erreala_edo_hertsia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_finkoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_finkoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Interes finkoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes_finkoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_aldakorra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_aldakorra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Interes aldakorra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes_aldakorra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_mistoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_mistoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Interes mistoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes_mistoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_bakuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_bakuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Interes bakuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes_bakuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_konposatua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_konposatua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Interes konposatua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes_konposatua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_nominala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_nominala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Interes nominala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes_nominala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benetako_interesa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benetako_interesa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Benetako interesa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benetako_interesa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merkatuko_interes-tasak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merkatuko_interes-tasak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Merkatuko interes-tasak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Merkatuko_interes-tasak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Merkatuko interes-tasak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Merkatuko_interes-tasak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aukera-kostua_eta_kontsumo_geroratua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aukera-kostua_eta_kontsumo_geroratua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Aukera-kostua eta kontsumo geroratua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aukera-kostua_eta_kontsumo_geroratua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inflazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Inflazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inflazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lehenespenez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehenespenez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Lehenespenez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lehenespenez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes-tasen_osaera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes-tasen_osaera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Interes-tasen osaera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes-tasen_osaera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lehenetsitako_interesak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehenetsitako_interesak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Lehenetsitako interesak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lehenetsitako_interesak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denboraldia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denboraldia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Denboraldia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denboraldia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gobernuaren_esku-hartzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gobernuaren_esku-hartzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Gobernuaren esku-hartzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gobernuaren_esku-hartzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interes_tasak_eta_kreditu_arriskua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interes_tasak_eta_kreditu_arriskua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Interes tasak eta kreditu arriskua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interes_tasak_eta_kreditu_arriskua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dirua_eta_inflazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dirua_eta_inflazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Dirua eta inflazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dirua_eta_inflazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Likidezia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Likidezia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Likidezia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Likidezia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urrezko_arauak_(78_eta_72ko_erregelak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urrezko_arauak_(78_eta_72ko_erregelak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Urrezko arauak (78 eta 72ko erregelak)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urrezko_arauak_(78_eta_72ko_erregelak)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Urrezko arauak (78 eta 72ko erregelak) azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Urrezko_arauak_(78_eta_72ko_erregelak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-72ko_erregela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#72ko_erregela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>72ko erregela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-72ko_erregela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-78ko_erregela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#78ko_erregela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>78ko erregela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-78ko_erregela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interesgarriak_izan_daitezkeen_interes-teorien_azalpenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interesgarriak_izan_daitezkeen_interes-teorien_azalpenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Interesgarriak izan daitezkeen interes-teorien azalpenak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interesgarriak_izan_daitezkeen_interes-teorien_azalpenak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Interesgarriak izan daitezkeen interes-teorien azalpenak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interesgarriak_izan_daitezkeen_interes-teorien_azalpenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aristotelesen_interesenganako_iritzia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aristotelesen_interesenganako_iritzia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Aristotelesen interesenganako iritzia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aristotelesen_interesenganako_iritzia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wicksell-en_teoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wicksell-en_teoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Wicksell-en teoria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wicksell-en_teoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keynesen_interes-tasaren_teoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keynesen_interes-tasaren_teoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Keynesen interes-tasaren teoria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keynesen_interes-tasaren_teoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 72 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rente" title="Rente – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rente" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zins" title="Zins – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zins" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8E%E1%88%88%E1%8B%B5" title="ዎለድ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዎለድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="فائدة – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فائدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90_(%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%9A%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܗܢܝܢܐ (ܡܡܫܚܘܬܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܢܝܢܐ (ܡܡܫܚܘܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter%C3%A9s" title="Interés – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Interés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zins" title="Zins – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zins" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8nte" title="Rènte – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rènte" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лихва – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лихва" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6" title="সুদ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamata" title="Kamata – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kamata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter%C3%A8s" title="Interès – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Interès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Arok" title="Úrok – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Úrok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rente" title="Rente – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rente" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zins" title="Zins – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zins" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τόκος – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόκος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest" title="Interest – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Interest" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interezo" title="Interezo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interezo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter%C3%A9s" title="Interés – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intress" title="Intress – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Intress" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87" title="بهره – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بهره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korko" title="Korko – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt_(finance)" title="Intérêt (finance) – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Intérêt (finance)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuro" title="Xuro – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xuro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ריבית – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्याज – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्याज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamata" title="Kamata – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kamata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamat" title="Kamat – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kamat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Տոկոսագումար – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոկոսագումար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_bunga" title="Suku bunga – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku bunga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interesto" title="Interesto – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Interesto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vextir" title="Vextir – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vextir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interesse_finanziario" title="Interesse finanziario – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interesse finanziario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%AD%90" title="利子 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="利子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬಡ್ಡಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಡ್ಡಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90" title="이자 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usura" title="Usura – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Usura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%8D" title="ດອກເບ້ຍ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດອກເບ້ຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C5%ABkanos" title="Palūkanos – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Palūkanos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procenti" title="Procenti – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Procenti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Камата – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Камата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="व्याज – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्याज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faedah" title="Faedah – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Faedah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="साधारण व्याज – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साधारण व्याज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rente" title="Rente – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rente" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rente" title="Rente – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rente" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9C" title="ਵਿਆਜ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਆਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odsetki" title="Odsetki – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odsetki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juro" title="Juro – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Juro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dob%C3%A2nd%C4%83" title="Dobândă – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dobândă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Процентный доход – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Процентный доход" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="وياج – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وياج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamata" title="Kamata – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kamata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest" title="Interest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Interest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Arok" title="Úrok – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Úrok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obresti" title="Obresti – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obresti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interesi" title="Interesi – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Interesi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Камата – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камата" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4nta" title="Ränta – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ränta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="வட்டி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%80" title="వడ్డీ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వడ్డీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2" title="ดอกเบี้ย – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอกเบี้ย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6terim" title="Göterim – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Göterim" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patubo" title="Patubo – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patubo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faiz" title="Faiz – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Faiz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8)" title="Відсоток (фінанси) – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відсоток (фінанси)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="سود – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interes" title="Interes – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Interes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%81%AF" title="利息 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="利息" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ריבית – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ריבית" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%81%AF" title="利息 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利息" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%81%AF" title="利息 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="利息" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170924#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Interes" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Interes&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" 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alt="Bideo honek Ikusgela proiektuko bideo bat barneratzen du" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ikusgela-logoa_%282%29.png/20px-Ikusgela-logoa_%282%29.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ikusgela-logoa_%282%29.png/30px-Ikusgela-logoa_%282%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ikusgela-logoa_%282%29.png/40px-Ikusgela-logoa_%282%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3335" data-file-height="3334" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><div class="rellink noprint"><i>«Korritu» orriak hona dakar. Bestelako esanahiei buruzko orria hau da: «<a href="/wiki/Korritu_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Korritu (argipena)">Korritu (argipena)</a>»</i></div></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Finantzak" title="Finantzak">Finantzetan</a>, <b>interesa</b> edo <b>korritua</b> <a href="/wiki/Aktibo" title="Aktibo">aktibo</a> bat da, oro har, dirua maileguan hartzeagatik ordaindu beharreko ordainsaria, mailegatutakoa itzultzeaz gainera. Interesa dirua <a href="/wiki/Alokairu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alokairu">alokairuan</a> hartzeagatik ordaindu beharreko errenta dela esan daiteke. Gehienetan, dirua maileguan hartzeagatik ordaindu beharreko interesak <a href="/wiki/Interes-tasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Interes-tasa">interes-tasa</a> jakin batez kalkulatzen dira. Horrela, <a href="/wiki/Banku" title="Banku">banku</a> batera joan eta 1000 euro mailegatuta hartzen badira, urtebetera eta % 10eko interes-tasaz, urtearen buruan ordaindu beharrekoa mailegu nagusia (1000 euro) gehi interesak (1000×0.1=100 euro) izango da. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jatorria_eta_historia">Jatorria eta historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jatorria eta historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Jatorria eta historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uste denez, kreditua milaka urte atzera begira sortu zen. <a href="/wiki/Kreditu_(finantza)" title="Kreditu (finantza)">Kredituaren</a> lehen instantzia erregistratua Kristo aurretik 3000 urte eman zen ezkutuko dokumentu zaharren bilduma batean. Horiek kredituaren erabilera sistematikoa erakusten dute, eta bertan metalak mailegatzen ziren. Interes kontzeptua ezezaguna da, nahiz eta historialariek Kristo aurreko 3000. urtean sortua zela uste duten. Animaliak edo haziak ekoizpen-helburuekin alokatzetik sortua izan zitekeela esaten dute. </p><p>Interes konposatuko lehen idatzizko ebidentzia 2400 kristo aurrekoa da gutxi gorabehera. Urteko interes-tasa % 20 ingurukoa izan zen. Interes konposatua beharrezkoa zen nekazaritza garatzeko eta garrantzitsua urbanizaziorako. </p><p>Kristo aurreko 2. milurtekoaren hasieran, haziaren truke erabilitako zilarra berez biderkatzerik ez zegoenez, lege batzuk ezarri ziren eta lege horiek interes legaleko tasa ezarri zuten, dote-gordailuen gainean bereziki. Lehen musulmanek riba deitu zioten honi, gaur egun interesen kobrantza bezala esaten dena. </p><p>Niceako Lehen Kontzilioak, 325ean eman zenak, debekua ezarri zioten % 1etik gorako interesak zituzten <a href="/wiki/Mailegu_(finantza)" title="Mailegu (finantza)">maileguetan</a> parte hartzeari. IX. mendean araudi hori laikoei aplikatu zitzaien. Eliza Katolikoak interesarekiko zuen aurkakotasuna eskolastikoen aroan gogortu zen, hura defendatzea ere heresiatzat jotzen zenean. Tomas Akinikoak, Eliza Katolikoko teologo nagusiak, argudiatu zuen interesak kobratzea ez zela zuzena, “kobrantza bikoitzaren” baliokidea delako, gauzagatik zein gauzaren erabileragatik kobratuz. </p><p>Erdi Aroko ekonomian, maileguak beharraren ondorio ziren (uzta txarrak, sutea lantoki batean…) eta baldintza horietan, moralki gaitzesgarria zen interesa kobratzea. Moralki ere zalantzazkotzat jotzen zen, ez baitzen ondasunik ekoizten diru-maileguaren bidez, eta beraz, ez zen konpentsatu behar zuzeneko ekoizpen fisikoa zuten beste jarduera batzuetan ez bezala, hala nola errementaritzan edo nekazaritzan. Arrazoi beragatik, interes hori sarritan gutxietsi izan da islamiar zibilizazioan, eta ia aditu guztiak ados daude Koranak interesak kobratzea esplizituki debekatzen duela esatean. </p><p>Errenazimenduaren garaian, pertsonen mugikortasun handiagoari esker, merkataritzak gora egin zuen eta <a href="/wiki/Enpresaburu" title="Enpresaburu">enpresaburu</a>ek <a href="/wiki/Negozio" title="Negozio">negozio</a> berriak eta irabazizko negozioak hasteko baldintza egokiak agertu ziren. Maileguan utzitako dirua kontsumorako ez ezik, produkziorako ere bazenez, interesa jada ez zen modu berean ikusten. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Diru_eskaintza" title="Diru eskaintza">Diru-eskaintza</a>ren manipulazioaren bidez, interes-tasak kontrolatzeko lehen saiakera Frantziako Bankuak egin zuen 1847an. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matematikaren_historian">Matematikaren historian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Matematikaren historian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Matematikaren historian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jacob Bernoullik etengabeko matematika aurkitu zuela uste da, interes konposatuari buruzko galdera bat aztertuz. 1.00$-rekin hasten den kontu bat eta urteko % 100eko interesa ordaintzen badugu, urtearen amaieran, balioa $2.00 da; baina interesa urtean bi aldiz kalkulatzen eta gehitzen bada, $1.00 bider 1.5 biderkatuko da, $1.00x1.5= $2.25 produzituz. </p><p>Bernullik ohartu zuen konposizioaren maiztasuna mugarik gabe handitzen bada, sekuentzia hau honela molda daitekeela: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Bernulliren_formula.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Bernulliren_formula.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Interes hori zenbat aldiz kapitalizatu behar den urtebetean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interes_motak">Interes motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Interes motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maileguaren_gaineko_interes_tasaren_justifikazioa">Maileguaren gaineko interes tasaren justifikazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Maileguaren gaineko interes tasaren justifikazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Maileguaren gaineko interes tasaren justifikazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekonomia eta finantzetan, beste batzuei dirua ematen dien pertsonak edo <a href="/wiki/Finantza-erakunde" title="Finantza-erakunde">finantza-erakundeak</a>, konpentsatuak izango direla espero da, epe jakin baten barruan. Ohikoena dirua ematea da, hasieran emandakoa baino pixka bat gehiago itzuliko den itxaropenarekin. Mailegu hori kontsumoaren atzerapenagatik konpentsatuko da, dirua denbora batez ezin izango delako erabili, baina baita ere, hartutako arriskuagatik konpentsazioa jasotzea espero da. Arrisku horiek, mailegua ez itzultzea edo itzultzen den kopuruak inflazioaren ondorioz erosteko ahalmen txikiagoa izatea lirateke, adibidez. Konpentsazio-kopuru horri zorraren interesa esaten zaio, eta ehunekotan adierazten da interes-tasa gisa. </p><p>Mailegu-emaileak hiru faktore mota kontuan hartuko dituen interes-tasa nominala (ITN) finkatuko du, non hasierako zenbatekoa gehi interes-tasa nominalak emandako kopuru horren zati bat jasoko duen. </p><p>Mailegu-hartzaileak hiru arrisku mota konpentsatu behar ditu maileguan: arrisku sistematikoa, erregulazio-arriskua eta inflazio-arriskua. </p> <ul><li>Arrisku sistematikoak barne hartzen du mailegu-hartzaileak garaiz itzultzeko aukera, hasieran adostutako baldintzen arabera.</li> <li>Erregulazio-arriskuaren barruan sartzen da zerga-erreformaren edo lege-erreformaren baten ondorioz mailegu-emaileari hasieran aurreikusitakoaz bestelako kopururen bat ordaintzera behartzea.</li> <li>Hirugarren arrisku-motak, inflazio-arriskuak, kontuan hartzen du itzulitako diruak ez duela jatorrizkoak adinako erosketa-ahalmenik, prezioak igo badira gauza gutxiago erosi ahal izango baitira diru-kopuru berarekin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interes_moten_izenak">Interes moten izenak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes moten izenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Interes moten izenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes-tasa_finkoa_eta_interes_aldakorra">Interes-tasa finkoa eta interes aldakorra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes-tasa finkoa eta interes aldakorra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Interes-tasa finkoa eta interes aldakorra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes-tasa finkoaren eta interes-tasa aldakorraren kontzeptuak finantza-, ekonomia- eta hipoteka-eragiketa askotan erabiltzen dira —adibidez, etxebizitza erostean<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>— eta kontuan hartu behar da hipoteka kalkulatzeko orduan. </p><p>Interes finkoa aplikatzeak esan nahi du interesa tasa bakar edo egonkor bat aplikatuz kalkulatzen dela (kapitalaren ehuneko bera) maileguak edo gordailuak irauten duen bitartean. </p><p>Interes aldakorreko aplikazioan, interes-tasa (aplikatutako kapitalaren gaineko portzentajea) aldatuz doa denboran zehar. Aldi bakoitzean aplikatzen den interes-tasa aldakorra bi zifra edo motaz osatuta dago, eta bien baturaren emaitza da: erreferentziako interes-indize edo -tasa bat (adibidez <a href="/wiki/Euribor" title="Euribor">Euribor</a>) eta portzentaje edo marjina diferentzial bat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes-tasa_nominala_-_ITN">Interes-tasa nominala - ITN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes-tasa nominala - ITN»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Interes-tasa nominala - ITN"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes-tasa nominala (ITN) interesen ordainketa egiten denean aplikatzen den portzentaiari deitzen zaio. Adibidez: </p> <ul><li>Urtean % 6ko interes nominala izanez gero, eta urtean behin urte amaieran aplikatzen bada, % 6 ordainduko da aurreztutakoa (edo kredituan jasotakoa).</li> <li>Hilean behin aplikatuko balitz, urtean behin aplikatu ordez, aurreztutakoaren % 0,5 izango litzateke: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \%6/{(12\ hilabete)}=\%\ 0,5}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> <mn>6</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>h</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>b</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \%6/{(12\ hilabete)}=\%\ 0,5}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/911c7c3e8b4ef7739a5ccaa672981b9c097256d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:26.018ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \%6/{(12\ hilabete)}=\%\ 0,5}"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd>Baina, hurrengo hilabetean, ITNa aplikatzen zaio aurreztutakoa gehi interesek sortutakoari. Beraz, urte amaieran % 6 baino gehiagoko interesa balu bezala da:</dd> <dd><span class="texhtml"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {6/100}{12}}\right)^{12}\approx 1,0617=1+\%6,17}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>6</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> <mn>12</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0617</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> <mn>6</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>17</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {6/100}{12}}\right)^{12}\approx 1,0617=1+\%6,17}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8d0610d4113078ae20f4b7e136172dba53e8e134" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:39.452ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {6/100}{12}}\right)^{12}\approx 1,0617=1+\%6,17}"></span></span></dd> <dd></dd> <dd>Zehazki, urteko tasa baliokidea (UTB) % 6,17 izango litzateke. UTB horrek aukera ematen du edozein interes-tasa nominal alderatzeko, dela aurreztua, dela ordaindua, dela egunero, astero edo hilero, eta, beraz, oro har, interes nominala baino argiagoa da.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urteko_tasa_baliokidea_-_UTB">Urteko tasa baliokidea - UTB</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Urteko tasa baliokidea - UTB»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Urteko tasa baliokidea - UTB"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urte amaierako irabazia modu normalizatuan erakusteko (aplikazio-aldiak eta beste faktore batzuk kontuan hartu gabe), urteko tasa baliokidea (UTB) erabiltzen da. </p> <ul><li>% 6ko UTBa urtean behin % 6ko interes nominalaren berdina izango litzateke.</li> <li>Hilean % 6ko interes nominala aplikatuko balitz, % 6,17ko UTBa izango luke. UTBa kalkulatzeko, formula hau erabiltzen da:</li></ul> <p><span class="texhtml"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {i}{n}}\right)^{n}=1+UTB}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {i}{n}}\right)^{n}=1+UTB}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/384bcd89330f5861cdfc0d6f00a79988f79c665b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.158ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {i}{n}}\right)^{n}=1+UTB}"></span></span> </p><p>Non: </p><p><big><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}"></span></big> = Interes nominala (bateko hainbeste). </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> = Interesa aplikatuko den zatikiak. Adibidez: hilean behin aplikatzen bada, urtean 12 dira; beraz, kasu horretan, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=12}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>12</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=12}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/38fb7dfd38b5db65d78bb6f2c1bf9e6e6cd07c14" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.818ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=12}"></span>. Hala, 6 balioko du aplikazioa bi hilean behin egiten bada, 4 hiru hilean behin egiten bada, 3 hilean behin eginez gero, 2 hilean behin eginda, eta 1 urtean behin eginda. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle UTB}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle UTB}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4426bc1c1b4ff08809e67d073f5839f9e3e7d3c7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.183ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle UTB}"></span> = Urteko tasa baliokidea. Adibidea: % 6ko interes nominala eta 12 ordainketa urtean izanda, % 6,17ko UTBa ateratzen da: </p><p><span class="texhtml"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {0,06}{12}}\right)^{12}-1=0,0617}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>06</mn> </mrow> <mn>12</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0617</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {0,06}{12}}\right)^{12}-1=0,0617}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5b376b1d217292cc2ff537a2a818d0959b8a8ccf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:28.605ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(1+{\frac {0,06}{12}}\right)^{12}-1=0,0617}"></span></span> </p><p>Urte amaieran, 600 euro: </p><p><span class="texhtml"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 600\cdot 0,0617=37}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>600</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0617</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>37</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 600\cdot 0,0617=37}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d30a4e12349bb34384985cd95b692182bd9dc2e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.436ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 600\cdot 0,0617=37}"></span> €</span> </p><p>Erlazio bat dago urtean behin, hilean behin, astean behin edo egunero ordaintzen den interes-tasa nominalaren eta UTBaren artean: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>UTB </th> <th>ITN<sub>a</sub> </th> <th>ITN<sub>m</sub> </th> <th>ITN<sub>s</sub> </th> <th>ITN<sub>d</sub> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>baliokidea </th> <th>urterokoa </th> <th>hilerokoa </th> <th>asterokoa </th> <th>egunerokoa </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{UTB}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>UTB</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{UTB}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1027d6a3d5f92b0bf27d002e143459f0d09801e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.454ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{UTB}}\,}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{UTB}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>UTB</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{UTB}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1027d6a3d5f92b0bf27d002e143459f0d09801e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.454ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{UTB}}\,}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{12}}-1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>U</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>12</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{12}}-1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79286e4c3698a290cde80a1734cc9c4e3a5500ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.987ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{12}}-1}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{52}}-1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>U</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>52</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{52}}-1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33d8b5dfb508a7f9d2ecc8baf7055b16f74f391b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.987ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{52}}-1}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{365}}-1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>U</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>365</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{365}}-1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/25832c78e45939e51b8fd77500c3c8126fb1917a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.987ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\ln(1+{UTB})}{365}}-1}"></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\rho }=1+{\mbox{UTB}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>UTB</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\rho }=1+{\mbox{UTB}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/76180084665da1858cb44dc0cf69d36c90e47216" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:14.721ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\rho }=1+{\mbox{UTB}}\,}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\rho }=1+{\mbox{TIN}}_{a}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>TIN</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\rho }=1+{\mbox{TIN}}_{a}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6258efd3a26e8c6c5459843f7f8fec141da53d0e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.017ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\rho }=1+{\mbox{TIN}}_{a}\,}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{12}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{m}}{12}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ρ</mi> <mn>12</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>TIN</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mn>12</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{12}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{m}}{12}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/830d527db12f7d2804c7e629786b50696e240359" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:17.36ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{12}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{m}}{12}}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{52}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{s}}{52}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ρ</mi> <mn>52</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>TIN</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mn>52</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{52}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{s}}{52}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ea9b7f6de4f8111b65661948d74249f7e0341ac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:16.688ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{52}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{s}}{52}}}"></span> </td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{365}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{d}}{365}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ρ</mi> <mn>365</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>TIN</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mn>365</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{365}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{d}}{365}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/15985bab15575dfb2cff19d91e72c368ef329cad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:17.444ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\frac {\rho }{365}}=1+{\frac {{\mbox{TIN}}_{d}}{365}}}"></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 1 </td> <td>% 1 </td> <td>% 0,99 </td> <td>% 0,99 </td> <td>% 0,99 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 2 </td> <td>% 2 </td> <td>% 1,98 </td> <td>% 1,98 </td> <td>% 1,98 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 3 </td> <td>% 3 </td> <td>% 2,96 </td> <td>% 2,96 </td> <td>% 2,96 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 4 </td> <td>% 4 </td> <td>% 3,92 </td> <td>% 3,92 </td> <td>% 3,92 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 5 </td> <td>% 5 </td> <td>% 4,89 </td> <td>% 4,88 </td> <td>% 4,88 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 5 </td> <td>% 5 </td> <td>% 4,89 </td> <td>% 4,88 </td> <td>% 4,88 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 6 </td> <td>% 6 </td> <td>% 5,84 </td> <td>% 5,83 </td> <td>% 5,82 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 10 </td> <td>% 10 </td> <td>% 9,57 </td> <td>% 9,54 </td> <td>% 9,53 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 20 </td> <td>% 20 </td> <td>% 18,37 </td> <td>% 18,26 </td> <td>% 18,24 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 30 </td> <td>% 30 </td> <td>% 26,52 </td> <td>% 26,30 </td> <td>% 26,24 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>% 50 </td> <td>% 50 </td> <td>% 41,24 </td> <td>% 40,70 </td> <td>% 40,57 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Interes-tasa nominalak zenbakiz handiagoak direnez, urteko zatiki handiago bat hartzen denean, historikoki, bankuek UTBa ematen dute gordailuengatik ordaintzen duten interesaren erreferentzia gisa (zenbakiz handiagoa da), nahiz eta kredituak ematen dituztenean hileko interes-tasa nominala ematen duten (zenbakiz txikiagoa da); hala, bezeroek beren diruagatik kobratzen dutena beren gordailuengatik ematen dutena baino zerbait txikiagoa dela ematen du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes-tasa_erreala_edo_hertsia">Interes-tasa erreala edo hertsia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes-tasa erreala edo hertsia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Interes-tasa erreala edo hertsia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm/220px-seek%3D33-Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="331" data-mwtitle="Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm/Ikusgela-Inflazioa.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Inflazioa.webm&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela" title="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero."><img alt="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/40px-Ikusgela-logoa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/60px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/80px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption>Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero.</figcaption></figure><b>Inflazioa</b> zer den, zergatik gertatzen den eta zer ondorio dituen azaltzen duen bideoa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Interes-tasa errealak erakusten du kreditu-eragiketaren bat egiten duen inbertitzaileak benetan lortuko duen errentagarritasuna. Oro har, ehunekotan adierazten da. Sistema horrek kontuan hartzen du ekonomiek izaten duten inflazioa, eta, beraz, denboraren joanak eta erosteko ahalmenaren galerak eragindako dibisaren debaluazioa islatzen du. </p><p>Interes-tasa nominaletik eta espero den inflazio-tasatik abiatuta lortzen da. </p><p><span class="texhtml"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1+r_{N}}{1+\pi }}=1+r_{R}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1+r_{N}}{1+\pi }}=1+r_{R}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5b8b1c31ea69b782fcc8a9b4aa50a92705fe0bdc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:17.209ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1+r_{N}}{1+\pi }}=1+r_{R}}"></span></span> </p><p>Non: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{N}=}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{N}=}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/66b3cb9b981635ee39f2af8ed36da8764a2417ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.193ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{N}=}"></span> Interes-tasa nominala.</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{R}=}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{R}=}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcd6fe3e33043fee4dac04c013e03d616504954e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.982ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{R}=}"></span> Interes-tasa erreala.</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \,\,\,\,\pi =}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>π</mi> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \,\,\,\,\pi =}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bb5dba41ffd146f29656949c451d6c30d017aedb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.334ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \,\,\,\,\pi =}"></span> Espero den inflazioa.</dd></dl> <p>Bada modu sinpleago bat, baina gutxi gorabeherakoa, benetako interes-tasa zenbatesteko, eta balio posiblearen ideia bat egiteko balio du, unean bertan, Fisherren zerrenda izenekoa: </p><p><b>Interes tipo erreala ≈ Interes tipo nominala – Inflazio-tasa</b> </p><p>Hala ere, diru-kopuru txikietarako hurbilketa hori onargarria bada ere, kopuru handiagoetarako, arestian aipatutako kalkulutik nahiko urrun dago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes_finkoa">Interes finkoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes finkoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Interes finkoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>maileguaren iraupenean zehar ez da aldatzen eta merkatuaren aldaketengan independentea da. Interes orokorrak gora egitekotan, ez ginateke kaltetuko; baina interesak behera egingo balu, ez genituzke horren onurak jasoko<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zelan kalkulatzen da: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Hasierakokapitala(K_{0})\times interes-tasa=Interesa}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>×</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Hasierakokapitala(K_{0})\times interes-tasa=Interesa}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f824a3c383dac9fb17e718899abce1c34457bd48" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:53.583ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Hasierakokapitala(K_{0})\times interes-tasa=Interesa}"></span> </p><p><i>Adibidea</i>: </p><p>X entitateak Y enpresari 1000 euroko mailegua egin dio interes finkoan eta urteroko % 6ko interes-tasan. Zein da Y enpresak ordaindu behar duen interesa? </p><p><i>Ebazpena:</i> </p><p>1000 x 0,06 = 60. Y enpresak ordaindu behar duen interesa 60 eurokoa da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes_aldakorra">Interes aldakorra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes aldakorra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Interes aldakorra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maileguaren iraupenean zehar aldatzen doan interes mota da. <a href="/wiki/Tasa_(zerga)" title="Tasa (zerga)">Tasa</a> berrikusi eta eguneratu egiten da finantza entitateak ezarritako epeen arabera. Interes mota honetan, interes orokorrak behera egitekotan onura jasoko dugu; baina igotekotan, kaltetuta aterako gara <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zelan kalkulatzen da: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Interes_aldakorra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Interes_aldakorra.png/404px-Interes_aldakorra.png" decoding="async" width="404" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Interes_aldakorra.png 1.5x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Adibidea: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Banku" title="Banku">Banku</a>ak <a href="/wiki/Hipoteka" title="Hipoteka">hipoteka</a> bat eskaintzen digu 12 hilabetetarako, <a href="/wiki/Euribor" title="Euribor">euribor</a>ra +% 2 delarik interes-tasa. Hilean 1000 euroko kuotak ordaindu behar baditugu, zenbatekoa izango da ordaindu beharreko interesa? Demagun, lehenengo hiruhilabetean euriborra -% 0,5ekoa dela, eta hiruhilabete bakoitzean % 0,5 igoten dela. </p><p>Ebazpena: </p><p>Kuota euriborraren balioari lotuta egongo da, baina diferentzial gisa % 2a mantenduko duela beti. Interes-tasak: t1= % 1,5 ; t2= % 2 ; t3= % 2,5 ; </p><p>t4= % 3. </p><p>(1000 x 3 x 0,015) + (1000 x 3 x 0,02)+(1000 x 3 x 0,025)+(1000 x 3 x 0,03) = 270. </p><p>Hipotekagatik ordaindu beharreko interesa 270 eurokoa da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes_mistoa">Interes mistoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes mistoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Interes mistoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes finkoaren eta interes aldakorraren arteko nahastea da. Maileguaren iraupenaren zati batean interesa finko mantenduko da eta epe hori igarotakoan aldakorra bihurtuko da <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zelan kalkukatzen da: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Interes_mistoa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Interes_mistoa.png/355px-Interes_mistoa.png" decoding="async" width="355" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Interes_mistoa.png 1.5x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="28" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Adibidea: </p><p>Bankuak hipoteka bat eskaintzen digu 12 hilabetetarako interes mistoan. Hilabeteko kuota 1000 eurokoa da,  lehenengo seihilabetekoan % 5eko interes-tasa finkoarekin. Bigarren seihilabetekoa bi hiruhilabetetan banatuta dago, eta euriborra +% 2 izango da interes-tasa. Zenbatekoa izango da ordaindu beharreko interesa? Demagun, euriborra lehenengo hiruhilabetean % 0,4koa dela eta bigarren hiruhilabetean % 0,9koa. </p><p>Ebazpena: </p><p>(1000 x 6 x 0,05)+(1000 x 3 x 0,024)+(1000 x 3 x 0,029) = 300 + 159 = 459. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes_bakuna">Interes bakuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes bakuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Interes bakuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes bakunaren kasuan, interesak urtearen amaieran edo adostutako aldiaren amaieran likidatzen dira <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zelan kalkulatzen da: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Interes_bakuna.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Interes_bakuna.png/346px-Interes_bakuna.png" decoding="async" width="346" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Interes_bakuna.png 1.5x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="31" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Adibidea: </p><p>Bankuak 20.000 euroko mailegua utzi dizu % 12ko interes bakunean. </p><p>Mailegua 3 urte barru ordaindu behar da. Zenbateko interesak ordainduko </p><p>dituzu? </p><p>Ebazpena: </p><p>20.000 x 3 x 0,12 = 7200. Ordaindu beharreko interesak 7200 eurokoak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes_konposatua">Interes konposatua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes konposatua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Interes konposatua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes konposatuaren kasuan, sortzen doazen interesak hasierako kapitalari gehitzen doaz akordioaren amaierararte <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zelan kalkulatzen da: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Interes_konposatua.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Interes_konposatua.png/374px-Interes_konposatua.png" decoding="async" width="374" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Interes_konposatua.png 1.5x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="39" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Adibidea: </p><p>10.000 euro baditugu eta urteko % 8ko interes konposatuan sartzen baditugu fondo batean, 2 urte barru izango dugun zenbatekoa kalkulatu. Zenbat izango dira interesak? </p><p>Ebazpena: </p><p>10.000 x ((1+0,08)^2-1) = 1.664; Ordaindu beharreko interesak 1.664 eurokoak dira. </p><p>10.000+1.664=11.664; Lortutako zenbatekoa 11.664 eurokoa izango da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes_nominala">Interes nominala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes nominala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Interes nominala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes nominala mailegu-eragiketa bateko diruaren kostu osoa edo aurrezki- edo inbertsio-eragiketa bateko guztizko errentagarritasuna adierazten duen ehunekoa da. Interesak interes motak adierazten duen epean likidatzen dira <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zelan kalkulatzen da: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Interes_nominala.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Interes_nominala.png/452px-Interes_nominala.png" decoding="async" width="452" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Interes_nominala.png 1.5x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Adibidez hiruhileko interes-tasa ematen badigute, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i_{m}=\%5}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> <mn>5</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i_{m}=\%5}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3108517480d8a8d3d5e4db0205cff55cd82d08c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.674ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i_{m}=\%5}"></span>, hortik abiatuz urteroko interes-tasa nominala kalkulatu behar da (hiruhilekoa denez m=4 izango litzateke: kapitalizazio bakunean,  <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J_{m}=m\times i_{m}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>J</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J_{m}=m\times i_{m}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/493f932572b75051f26c0069fd113a3edac92c09" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.422ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J_{m}=m\times i_{m}}"></span> formularekin kalkulatzen da; aldiz, kapitalizazio konposatuan,  <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J_{m}=m\times i_{m}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>J</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J_{m}=m\times i_{m}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/493f932572b75051f26c0069fd113a3edac92c09" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.422ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J_{m}=m\times i_{m}}"></span> formularekin kalkulatzen da baina aldaketa batekin, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i_{m}=((1+i)^{1/m}-1)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>i</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i_{m}=((1+i)^{1/m}-1)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/353a04b38e25cda75532e2da34bc05f466c60de1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.322ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i_{m}=((1+i)^{1/m}-1)}"></span> baita. </p><p>Beraz, </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Interes_nominala_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Interes_nominala_2.png/456px-Interes_nominala_2.png" decoding="async" width="456" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Interes_nominala_2.png 1.5x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="35" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Adibidea: </p><p>Demagun bi urtetarako 5.000 euroko mailegua eskatu dugula eta finantza erakundeak lauhileroko % 4ko interes-tasa nominala eskaini digula. Zenbatekoa izango litzateke ordaindu beharreko interesa? </p><p>Ebazpena: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ebazpena.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ebazpena.png/505px-Ebazpena.png" decoding="async" width="505" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Ebazpena.png 1.5x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="116" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benetako_interesa">Benetako interesa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Benetako interesa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Benetako interesa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes mota honek finantza aktibo edo pasibo batek jaso duen edo jasoko duen tasa adierazten du kostu guztiak, amortizazioak, interes esplizituak eta interes inplizituak kontuan hartuz<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Benetako interesa eta interes nominalaren arteko desberdintasuna inflazioa da. Benetako interesa interes nominalaren tasari inflazio-tasa kenduz kalkulatzen da <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zelan kalkulatzen da: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Benetako_interesa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Benetako_interesa.png/454px-Benetako_interesa.png" decoding="async" width="454" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Benetako_interesa.png 1.5x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="36" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Adibidea: </p><p>Demagun mailegu bat eskatu dugula % 5eko interes-tasa nominalean. Kontuan izanik gaur egun herrialde honetan dagoen inflazio-tasa % 3,7koa dela, zenbatekoa izango da benetako interes-tasa? </p><p>Ebazpena: </p><p>0,05 - 0,037 = 0,013. Benetako interes-tasa % 1,3koa da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Merkatuko_interes-tasak">Merkatuko interes-tasak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Merkatuko interes-tasak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Merkatuko interes-tasak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes-tasak finkatzen dituzten inbertsio-merkatuak daude (moneta-merkatua, bonuen merkatua eta txikizkako finantza-erakundeak banku gisa). Berariazko zor bakoitzak faktore hauek hartzen ditu kontuan bere interes-tasa zehazteko: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aukera-kostua_eta_kontsumo_geroratua">Aukera-kostua eta kontsumo geroratua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aukera-kostua eta kontsumo geroratua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Aukera-kostua eta kontsumo geroratua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aukera-kostuak diruaren beste edozein erabilera hartzen du bere baitan, mailegua beste batzuei ematea, beste toki batzuetan inbertitzea, eskudirua edukitzea edo funtsen gastua. </p><p>Inflazioaren pareko interesak kobratzeak mailegu-emailearen erosteko ahalmena gordetzen du, baina ez du konpentsatzen diruaren aldi baterako balioa termino errealetan. Mailegu-emaileak hobe du beste produktu batean inbertitzea kontsumitu beharrean. Inbertsio lehiakideetatik lor dezaketen etekina faktore bat da eskatzen duten interes-tasa zehazteko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflazioa">Inflazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Inflazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Inflazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mailegu-emaileak kontsumoa atzeratzen duenez, gutxienez, inflazioak eragindako ondasunen kostuaren igoera ordaintzeko adina berreskuratu nahi dute. Etorkizuneko inflazioa ezagutzen ez denez, hau lortzeko hiru modu daude: </p> <ul><li>Kargatu % X interesa "gehi inflazioa", gobernu askok "benetako errendimendua" edo "inflazio indexatua" bonuak jaulkitzen dituzte. Zenbateko nagusia edo interesen ordainketak etengabe handitzen dira inflazio-tasarekin..</li> <li>"Itxarondako" inflazio-tasaren arabera erabakitzea. Horrek mailegu-emaileari "ustekabeko" inflazio-arriskua uzten dio oraindik.</li> <li>Interes-tasa aldizka aldatzen uztea. "Interes-tasa finkoa" berdina da zorraren bizitza osoan, baina "aldakorrak" edo "flotagarriak" berrezar daitezke. Produktu eratorri batzuei esker, bi horien arteko estaldura eta trukea lor daiteke.</li></ul> <p>Hala ere, interes-tasak merkatuak finkatzen ditu, eta maiz gertatzen da ez direla nahikoak inflazioa konpentsatzeko: adibidez, inflazio handiko uneetan, adibidez, petrolioaren krisian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lehenespenez">Lehenespenez</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehenespenez»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Lehenespenez"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mailegu-hartzaileak mailegua eten, abzesu edo ez ordaintzeko arriskua du beti. <a href="/wiki/Arrisku_prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrisku prima">Arrisku-prima</a> mailegu-hartzailearen osotasuna, enpresaren arrakasta-arriskua eta agindutako edozein bermeren segurtasuna neurtzen saiatzen da. Adibidez, garapen-bidean dauden herrialdeentzako maileguek Estatu Batuetako gobernukoek baino arrisku-prima handiagoak dituzte, kaudimen-aldea dela eta. Enpresa batentzako eragiketa-kredituko linea batek hipoteka-mailegu batek baino tasa handiagoa izango du. </p><p>Enpresen kaudimena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreditu_kallifikazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreditu kallifikazio (sortu gabe)">kreditu-kalifikazioko</a> zerbitzuen eta kreditu-bulegoen banakako kreditu-kalifikazioen bidez neurtzen da. Banakako zor baten arriskuek aukeren desbideratze estandar handia izan dezakete. Mailegu-emaileak bere arrisku handiena estali nahi izan dezake, baina mailegu-emaileek zor-karteren bidez arrisku-prima murriztu dezakete emaitzarik probableena bakarrik estaltzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes-tasen_osaera">Interes-tasen osaera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes-tasen osaera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Interes-tasen osaera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekonomian, interesa kredituaren prezioa da, eta beraz, inflazioak eragindako distortsioen mende ere badago. Interes-tasa nominala, inflaziora egokitu aurreko prezioari dagokiona, kontsumitzailearentzat ikusgai dagoena da (hau da, mailegu-kontratu batean etiketatutako interesa, kreditu-txartelaren aitorpena, etab.). Interes nominala interes errealeko tasak eta inflazioak osatzen dute, besteak beste. Hau da interes nominalerako gutxi gorabeherako formula: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=r+\pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=r+\pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a3d4497135978e1f55dacf4a259fe049a347e668" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.122ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=r+\pi }"></span> </p><p>Non: </p> <dl><dd><i>i</i> interes-tasa nominala den</dd> <dd><i>r</i> interes-tasa erreala den</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }"></span> inflazioa den</dd></dl> <p>Hala ere, mailegu-hartzaile eta mailegu-emaile guztiek ez dute interes-tasa bera, ezta inflazio bera ere. Bestalde, etorkizuneko inflazio-aukerak aldatu egiten dira, eta, beraz, interes-tasa erakargarri bat ezin da egon benetako interes-tasa bakar baten eta aurreikusitako inflazio-tasa bakar baten mende. </p><p>Interes-tasak kreditu-kalitatearen edo ez ordaintzeko arriskuaren mende ere badaude. Gobernuak zordun oso fidagarriak izaten dira, eta balio publikoen gaineko interes-tasa, normalean, beste mailegu-hartzaile batzuentzat eskuragarri dagoen interes-tasa baino txikiagoa izaten da. </p><p>Ekuazioa: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=r+\pi +c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>π</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=r+\pi +c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0b3556ed56ffda97259163244ca3094e5ad3d3e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.969ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=r+\pi +c}"></span> </p><p>Inflazio-itxaropenak eta kreditu-arriskua mailegu baten bizitzan zehar aurreikusitako interes-tasa erreal izendatuekin erlazionatzen ditu, kasu hauetan: </p> <dl><dd><i>i</i> aplikatutako interes nominala da</dd> <dd><i>r</i> itxarondako interes erreala da</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }"></span> itxarondako inflazioa da</dd> <dd><i>c</i> errendimendu-diferentziala da, hartutako kreditu-arriskuaren araberakoa.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lehenetsitako_interesak">Lehenetsitako interesak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehenetsitako interesak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Lehenetsitako interesak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ez ordaintzeagatiko interesa mailegu-hartzaileak mailegu-itun bat nabarmen urratu ondoren ordaindu behar duen interes-tasa da. </p><p>Ez ordaintzeagatiko interesa jatorrizko interes-tasa baino askoz handiagoa izaten da, mailegu-hartzailearen finantza-arriskuaren larriagotzea adierazten baitu. Lehenetsitako interesak mailegu-emaileari konpentsatzen dio arrisku erantsia. </p><p>Mailegu-hartzailearen ikuspuntutik, horrek esan nahi du ordainketa erregularra ordainketa aldi batean edo bitan egiten ez bada edo mailegu-bermeagatik zergak edo aseguru-primak ordaintzen ez badira, interes askoz handiagoak sortuko direla maileguaren gainerako aldi osoan. </p><p>Bankuek mailegu-hitzarmenetan lehenetsitako interesak gehitzeko joera dute, egoera desberdinen artean banatzeko. </p><p>Jurisdikzio batzuetan, interes-klausula lehenetsiak ezin dira aplikatu ordena publikoarekin alderatuta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denboraldia">Denboraldia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Denboraldia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Denboraldia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denboraldi laburrenetan, askotan, ez ordaintzeko eta inflazioaren eraginpean egoteko arrisku txikiagoa izaten da, gertuko etorkizuna errazago aurreikus baitaiteke. Egoera horretan, epe laburreko interes-tasak epe luzeko interes-tasak baino txikiagoak dira (goranzko errendimendu-kurba). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gobernuaren_esku-hartzea">Gobernuaren esku-hartzea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gobernuaren esku-hartzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Gobernuaren esku-hartzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interes-tasak, oro har, merkatuak zehazten ditu, baina Gobernuaren esku-hartzeak —normalean, <a href="/wiki/Banku_zentral" title="Banku zentral">banku zentral</a> batek— eragin handia izan dezake epe laburreko interes-tasetan, eta moneta-politikaren tresna nagusietako bat da. Banku zentralak diru-kopuru handiak maileguan hartzeko aukera ematen du, berak ezarritako tasan. Horrek, eragin handia du eskaintzan eta eskaeran, eta, beraz, baita merkatuko interes-tasetan ere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interes_tasak_eta_kreditu_arriskua">Interes tasak eta kreditu arriskua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interes tasak eta kreditu arriskua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Interes tasak eta kreditu arriskua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gero eta gehiago onartzen da ziklo ekonomikoan interes-tasak eta kreditu-arriskua elkarri estu lotuta daudela. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jarrow_Turnbull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jarrow Turnbull (sortu gabe)">Jarrow Turnbull</a> eredua izan zen bere nukleoan zorizko interes-tasak esplizituki zituen kreditu-arriskuaren lehen eredua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dirua_eta_inflazioa">Dirua eta inflazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Dirua eta inflazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Dirua eta inflazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maileguek eta bonuek diruaren ezaugarri batzuk dituzte, eta diruaren hornidura zabalean sartzen dira. </p><p>Gobernu nazionalek (baldin eta herrialdeak, jakina, bere moneta mantendu badu) eragina izan dezakete interes-tasetan eta, beraz, mailegu horien eskaintzan eta eskaeran, eta, hala, jaulkitako mailegu eta bonuen kopurua aldatu. Oro har, interes-tasa erreal handiago batek murriztu egiten du diru-eskaintza. </p><p>Diru-kopuruaren teoriaren bidez, diru-eskaintza handitzeak inflaziora garamatza. Horrek esan nahi du interes-tasek eragina izan dezaketela etorkizuneko inflazioan.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Likidezia">Likidezia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Likidezia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Likidezia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Likidezia da aktibo bat balio justuan edo ia justuan bizkor saltzeko gaitasuna. Inbertitzaileak, aktibo ilikidoetan, aktibo likidoetan baino errendimendu handiagoa lortu nahi du, edozein unetan saltzeko aukeraren galera konpentsatzeko. Estatu Batuetako altxor-bonuak oso likidoak dira, eta bigarren mailako merkatu aktiboa dute; beste zor batzuk, berriz, ez dira hain likidoak. Hipoteka-merkatuan, tasarik txikienak mailegu tituludun gisa sal daitezkeen maileguen gainean ematen dira maiz. Mailegu ez-tradizionalek, hala nola saltzailearen finantziazioak, interes-tasa handiagoak izaten dituzte likidezia faltagatik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urrezko_arauak_(78_eta_72ko_erregelak)"><span id="Urrezko_arauak_.2878_eta_72ko_erregelak.29"></span>Urrezko arauak (78 eta 72ko erregelak)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Urrezko arauak (78 eta 72ko erregelak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Urrezko arauak (78 eta 72ko erregelak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="72ko_erregela">72ko erregela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «72ko erregela»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: 72ko erregela"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>72ko araua <a href="/wiki/Finantzak" title="Finantzak">finantza</a>-formula bat da, eta  inbertsio bat bikoizteko behar den denboraren gutxi gorabeherako kalkulua eskaintzen du <sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, hau da, arau honek 1.000 euro inbertituta, kantitate hau bikoizteko eta 2.000 izateko zenbat denbora beharko denaren hurbilpen bat egiten du. </p><p>Gainera, buelta eman ahal zaio, eta formula berdinarekin denbora tarte jakin batean dirua bikoizteko zein interes behar den kalkulatu daiteke <sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, hau da, demagun 1.000 euro inbertitzen direla eta lau urte barru zifra hau bikoiztu nahi dela. Formula honek adieraziko du gutxi gorabehera zein izan beharko den inbertsioaren interesa, inbertitutako 1.000 euro horiek 4 urtetan bikoiztu daitezen. </p><p>Aipatzekoa da formula honekin lortutako emaitzak ez direla zehatzak, gutxi gorabeherakoak baizik. Hala ere, oso tresna erabilgarria izaten jarraitzen du. Arau hau interes konposatuko inbertsioetan aplika daiteke soilik; inbertsio hauetan bigarren urtetik aurrera interesa ez da  hasierako inbertsioaren gainean kalkulatzen, baizik eta inbertsio horren gainean eta horren aurretik sortutako interesen gainean. </p><p>Erraz erabil daitekeen araua da; izan ere, inbertitutako <a href="/wiki/Kapitala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapitala">kapitala</a> bikoizteko beharko diren urteak kalkulatzeko, nahikoa da 72 zenbakia zati inbertsioaren gaineko interes-tasa (finkoa izan behar dena) egitea <sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:72ko_erregela.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/72ko_erregela.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="41" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="41" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Aipatu bezala, era berean, jakin daiteke inbertsio batek zer interes-tasa beharko duen urte kopuru jakin batean bikoiztua izateko. Horretarako, 72 zenbakia inbertsioa bikoizteko espero den urte kopuruarekin zatitu baino ez da egin behar, eta lortutako emaitza  denbora horretan inbertsioa bikoizteko beharko duzun interes-tasa izango da <sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hau da, </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:72ko_erregela_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/72ko_erregela_2.png" decoding="async" width="206" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="43" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Arau honek abantailak eta desabantailak ditu. Abantailen artean, arau sinplea dela esan dezakegu; kalkulu oso zailak izan gabe; gogoratzeko erraza; azkarra; moldakorra, alde batetik, erabilgarria delako kalkulatzeko zenbat denbora behar den inbertsio bat bikoizteko eta, bestetik, erabilgarria delako ere, denbora tarte batean inbertsio kopuru bat bikoizteko behar den interes-ehunekoa kalkulatzeko; eta, azkenik, edozein inbertsio motatarako balio duen araua dela, hau da, berdin da higiezinetan, <a href="/wiki/Burtsa_(merkatua)" title="Burtsa (merkatua)">burtsa</a>n edo eperako gordailuetan inbertitzen bada, arau hau edozein inbertsio motarako baliagarria da <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Desabantailen artean, esan dezakegu arau honek ez dituela gorabeherak, inflazioa eta fiskalitatea kontuan hartzen, zehaztasuna galtzen duela errentagarritasun-tarte jakin batzuetan, hala nola, interesa % 5etik beherakoa edo % 12tik gorakoa denean, eta ez duela ezer esaten inbertsioak nola joango diren inguruan <sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>72. araua zertan oinarritzen den azaldu ondoren, praktikan jarriko dugu: demagun etxean erreforma bat egin nahi duzula eta aurrezki-kontuan 6.000 euro besterik ez dituzula. Diru hori erabiliz gero, zure aurrezki guztiak gastatuko dituzu; beraz, marjina  handiagoa lortzeko helburuarekin nahiago duzu itxaron, nahiz eta ez jakin zenbat itxaron beharko duzun 6.000 euro horiek 12.000 bihurtzeko. Kontuan hartuta kopuru hori lortzeko 6.000 euro inbertitzea erabaki duzula, urteko % 8ko interes-tasarekin, 72ko arauaren formula aplikatuko duzu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\frac {72}{8}}=9)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>72</mn> <mn>8</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\frac {72}{8}}=9)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c75fb9dfe1b5adff8b739d98c0c521f0f9856e12" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.231ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\frac {72}{8}}=9)}"></span>, eta konturatuko zara gutxi gorabehera 9 urte beharko dituzula aurrezkiak bikoizteko. </p><p>Hori gutxi balitz, lehen esan dugun bezala, 6.000 euro bikoiztu nahi badituzu 5 urte barru erreforma egin ahal izateko, zer interes-ehunekotan inbertitu behar duzun kalkulatu daiteke 72 zati 5 eginez. Horrela, interes-tasa % 14,4koa izan behar dela konturatuko zara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="78ko_erregela">78ko erregela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «78ko erregela»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: 78ko erregela"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lindsay VanSomerenek <sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aipatzen duen bezala, 78ko araua mailegu-emaileari ia beti mesede egiten dion araua da. Arau engainagarria da, mailegu-emaileei bermatzen diena mailegu-hartzaileek aldez aurretik gehiago ordainduko dutela aldez aurretik kalkulatutako interes-karguei esker. Hau da, 78ko araua aplikatzen denean, mailegu-hartzaileak interesak ordaintzen ditu modu batean bermatzen diona mailegu-emaileari irabazien bere zatia lortuko duela, baita mailegua denbora baino lehen ezeztatzen bada ere <sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Kontzeptua hobeto ulertzeko, adibide bat jarriko dugu. </p><p>Demagun 5.000 euroko mailegu pertsonal bat eskatu nahi dugula, 48 hilabetez % 11ko interes-tasarekin eta 150 euroko hileroko ordainketekin. 78ko erregela aplikatuko bagenu, orduan interesaren zenbatekoa 89,80 eurokoa izango litzateke ordainketaren lehen hilabetean. Hala ere, mailegua interes sinplearen metodoa erabiliz kalkulatuko balitz, interesaren zenbatekoa 45,83 eurokoa izango litzateke lehen hilabetean, 78ko arauarena baino ia % 50 txikiagoa. </p><p>Laburbilduz, Holly Johnson-ek dioenez <sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, arau honen bidez, mailegu-emaileak bermatu egiten du mailegua denbora baino lehen ezeztatzen bada ere, irabaziak izan ditzakeela. Metodo honen kalkulua hobeto ulertzeko, Lindsay VanSomerek <sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eskaintzen duen adibidea erabiliko dugu: </p><p>Suposatu 12 hilabeteko mailegua eskatuko duzula, interesen 500 euroko zenbatekoarekin. </p><p>1.Batu maileguaren hilabete-kopuruaren digituak. </p><p>Adb: 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12 </p><p>2. Hilabeteko zenbakiaren ordena alderantzikatu, hilabete bakoitzari zenbaki bat esleitzeko. </p><p>Adb: lehen hilabeteko zenbakia 12 izango da, bigarren hilabeteko zenbakia 11, hirugarren hilabeteko zenbakia 10, laugarren hilabeteko zenbakia 9... </p><p>3. Zatitu hilabete bakoitzari dagokion zenbakia izendatzailearekin, hau da, 1. urratsean atera zaigun zenbakiarekin, kasu honetan 78. Ondoren, ehuneko bilakatzeko 100 zenbakiarekin biderkatu. Kalkulu honek  hilero interes guztien zer ehuneko ordaintzen ari zaren kalkulatzeko balioko du. </p><p>Adb.: lehen hilabetean <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {12}{78}}\times 100}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>12</mn> <mn>78</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>100</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {12}{78}}\times 100}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/16ea0b55d37ad0ed606e337c097076dec06bdbed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.489ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {12}{78}}\times 100}"></span>, bigarren hilabetean <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {11}{78}}\times 100}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>11</mn> <mn>78</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>100</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {11}{78}}\times 100}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a7b2df607a69fd2fc3396afb68ffff8876a0f28c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.489ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {11}{78}}\times 100}"></span>, … </p><p>4. Biderka ezazu aurreko urratsean lortu duzun hileko ehunekoa, maileguaren iraupeneko interes osoaren zenbatekoagatik. Horrela, hilero zenbat interes ordaintzen den kalkulatuko dugu. </p><p>Adb.: lehenengo hilabetean 15,4 x 500, bigarren hilabetean 14,1 x 500, … </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1.Urratsa </th> <th>2.Urratsa </th> <th>Izendatzailea </th> <th>3.urratsa <p>Interes osoaren ehunekoa </p> </th> <th>4.urratsa <p>Hileko interesa </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <th>12 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 15,4 </th> <th>77 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 14,1 </th> <th>70,5 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 12,8 </th> <th>64 € </th></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>%11,5 </th> <th>57,5 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>%10,3 </th> <th>51,5 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 9 </th> <th>45 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 7,7 </th> <th>38,5 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 6,4 </th> <th>32 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 5,1 </th> <th>25,5 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 3,8 </th> <th>19 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>11 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 2,6 </th> <th>13 <b>€</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>78 </th> <th>% 1,3 </th> <th>6,5 <b>€</b> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Aipatu beharrekoa da, 78ko araua debekatu egin zela Espainian 1992tik aurrera 61 hilabete baino gehiago irauten duten maileguetarako <sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interesgarriak_izan_daitezkeen_interes-teorien_azalpenak">Interesgarriak izan daitezkeen interes-teorien azalpenak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Interesgarriak izan daitezkeen interes-teorien azalpenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Interesgarriak izan daitezkeen interes-teorien azalpenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aristotelesen_interesenganako_iritzia">Aristotelesen interesenganako iritzia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aristotelesen interesenganako iritzia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Aristotelesen interesenganako iritzia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a>ek gogor kritikatu zuen interesa duen maileguaren ideia, lukurreriatzat hartzen baitzuen; izan ere, krematistika komertzial hori ez du dirua bere izaeraren arabera erabiltzen, hau da, salgaien <a href="/wiki/Truke" title="Truke">truke</a>ak errazteko, diru gehiago irabazteko baizik <sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>”Eta lukurreria gorrotatzen da arrazoi onenarekin, irabazia diru beretik baitator, eta ez asmatu zenerako, trukerako egin baitzen, eta lukurrerian, diruak berak bakarrik diru gehiago ekoizten du. Horregatik hartu du izen hori, sortutakoa bere sortzaileen izaera berekoa delako, eta interesa beste diru batetik sortutako dirua delako. Beraz, negozio guztietatik hau da naturalena”<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wicksell-en_teoria">Wicksell-en teoria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Wicksell-en teoria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Wicksell-en teoria"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knut Wicksellek 1898an argitaratu zuen "Interesa eta <a href="/wiki/Prezio" title="Prezio">prezio</a>ak" liburua, eta <a href="/wiki/Krisi_ekonomiko" title="Krisi ekonomiko">ekonomia-krisi</a>en teoria integrala egin zuen, interes-tasa naturalen eta nominalen arteko bereizketa batean oinarrituta. </p><p>Wicksellek bi ekarpen egin zituen: </p><p>- Lehenik eta behin, bereizi egin zituen diru-interesaren tasa eta tasa "natural" hipotetikoa, truke-ekonomia bateko kapital-eskaintzaren eta -eskariaren orekaren ondorio izango zena. Gainera, diruaren presentzia hutsaren ondorioz, merkatu-tasa efektiboa gaur egungo tasa ideal horrekin bat ez zetorrela suposatu zuen. </p><p>- Gero, kredituaren mekanismoaren bidez, interes-tasak prezioetan eragiten zuela suposatu zuen; tasa monetarioa maila "naturaletik" gora igotzeak jaitsiera bat eragiten zuela, eta maila horretatik behera jaisteak prezioak igotzea eragiten zuela. Baina Wicksellek ondorioztatu zuen tasa naturala moneta-tasarekin bat etorriko balitz, prezioen egonkortasunari eutsiko ziola. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keynesen_interes-tasaren_teoria">Keynesen interes-tasaren teoria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Keynesen interes-tasaren teoria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Keynesen interes-tasaren teoria"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a>en 1936ko “<a href="/wiki/Enplegu" title="Enplegu">Enplegu</a>, interes eta diruaren teoria orokorra” liburuan garatutako teoria ekonomikoen osagai nagusietako bat da interesa. 13. kapituluan likideziaren (diru-eskariaren) aldeko lehentasunaren hasierako deskribapenean, eskari hau interes-tasaren funtzio bat besterik ez da; eta eskaintza egin eta oreka onartzen denez, interes-tasa diru-eskaintzak zehazten du. </p><p>Ondorengo azalpenean (15. kapitulua), interesa ezin da beste aldagai ekonomiko batzuetatik bereizi, eta horiekin batera aztertu behar da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interes&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clientebancario.bde.es/pcb/es/menu-horizontal/productosservici/relacionados/tiposinteres/">«Tipos de interés - Cliente Bancario, Banco de España»</a> <i>clientebancario.bde.es</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-03)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clientebancario.bde.es/pcb/es/menu-horizontal/productosservici/financiacion/hipotecas/">«Hipotecas - Cliente Bancario, Banco de España»</a> <i>clientebancario.bde.es</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-11-03)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><b>d</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><b>e</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5"><sup><b>f</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-6"><sup><b>g</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-7"><sup><b>h</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFadmin2021-06-11">admin.  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