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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="بوسكو نتاجاندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوسكو نتاجاندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bosco Ntaganda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%A1%94%E7%94%98%E8%BE%BE" title="博斯科·恩塔甘达 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="博斯科·恩塔甘达" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Congolese war criminal and rebel</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Bosco Ntaganda</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1973-11-05</span>) </span>5 November 1973<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 51)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Kiningi, Rwanda</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congolese</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">The Terminator<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Jean Bosco Ntaganda<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charges</th><td class="infobox-data">War crimes (13 counts)<br /> Crimes against humanity (5 counts)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">30 years in prison<br />Ordered to pay $30 million in restitution</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Incarcerated</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bosco Ntaganda</b> (born 5 November 1973)<sup id="cite_ref-ti_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ti-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a convicted <a href="/wiki/War_criminal" class="mw-redirect" title="War criminal">war criminal</a> and the former military <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of staff (military)">chief of staff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_for_the_Defense_of_the_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress for the Defense of the People">National Congress for the Defense of the People</a> (CNDP), an armed <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> group operating in the <a href="/wiki/North_Kivu" title="North Kivu">North Kivu</a> province of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> (DRC).<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iwpr_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwpr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Patriotic_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Rwandan Patriotic Army">Rwandan Patriotic Army</a> and allegedly a former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Forces_for_the_Liberation_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo">Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo</a> (FPLC), the military wing of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Congolese_Patriots" title="Union of Congolese Patriots">Union of Congolese Patriots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until March 2013, he was wanted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC) for the <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> of enlisting and conscripting children under the age of fifteen and using them to participate actively in hostilities.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to his surrender, Ntaganda had been allegedly involved in the rebel group <a href="/wiki/March_23_Movement" title="March 23 Movement">March 23 Movement</a>, a military group based in eastern areas of the DRC. On 18 March 2013, Ntaganda voluntarily handed himself in to the U.S. Embassy in Rwanda, asking to be transferred to the ICC. On 22 March, he was taken into custody by the ICC. On 8 July 2019, the ICC convicted him of <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCJuly19_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCJuly19-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnnconvictreport_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnconvictreport-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbcconvictreport_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcconvictreport-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was subsequently sentenced to 30 years for crimes against humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Ntaganda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ntaganda was born in the small town of <a href="/wiki/Kinigi" title="Kinigi">Kinigi</a>, situated in the foothills of Rwanda's <a href="/wiki/Virunga_Mountains" title="Virunga Mountains">Virunga mountain range</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Musanze_District" title="Musanze District">Musanze District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was a teenager, Ntaganda fled to Ngungu-Masisi in eastern DRC after attacks on his fellow ethnic <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsis</a> started taking place in <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He attended secondary school there but did not graduate; at the age of 17 he joined <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Patriotic_Front" title="Rwandan Patriotic Front">Rwandan Patriotic Front</a> rebels in southern <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At some point he acquired <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Nationality_and_citizenship" title="Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congolese citizenship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rwandan_and_Congolese_military_career">Rwandan and Congolese military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Ntaganda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rwandan and Congolese military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ntaganda fought with the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Patriotic_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Rwandan Patriotic Army">Rwandan Patriotic Army</a> in the early 1990s and participated in the overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Hutu" title="Hutu">Hutu</a>-led Rwandan government in 1994 following the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He subsequently joined the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Forces_for_the_Liberation_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo">Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo</a> (FPLC), the military wing of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Congolese_Patriots" title="Union of Congolese Patriots">Union of Congolese Patriots</a> (UPC), and became its chief of military operations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During this time, he is alleged to have been involved in numerous massacres and other serious human rights abuses.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Ntaganda was in charge of the UPC, he told child soldiers; "<i>When you're a soldier, you get a woman for free. Everything is free</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2005, Ntaganda was offered a position as a <a href="/wiki/General_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="General Officer">general</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo">Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo</a> as part of a peace process, but he refused the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 November 2005, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> committee imposed a travel ban and <a href="/wiki/Asset_freezing" title="Asset freezing">asset freeze</a> on him for violating an <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">arms embargo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNSC_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNSC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, following conflicts within the UPC, he returned to <a href="/wiki/North_Kivu" title="North Kivu">North Kivu</a>, his home province, and joined <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Nkunda" title="Laurent Nkunda">Laurent Nkunda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_for_the_Defense_of_the_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress for the Defense of the People">National Congress for the Defense of the People</a> (CNDP).<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bavier_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bavier-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of April 2008, he was believed to be living in the <a href="/wiki/Masisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masisi">Masisi</a> district of North Kivu, serving as the CNDP's chief of staff.<sup id="cite_ref-warrant_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warrant-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CNDP has since been incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">regular Congolese armed forces</a> and Ntaganda was acting as a <a href="/wiki/General_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="General (rank)">General</a> in the army, despite being wanted by the ICC.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, he was living openly in the city of <a href="/wiki/Goma" title="Goma">Goma</a> in the DRC,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on Avenue des Tulipiés, about 100 yards from the Rwandan border.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to DRC authorities, General Bosco Ntaganda had "crossed from Goma to the town of <a href="/wiki/Gisenyi" title="Gisenyi">Gisenyi</a>, Rwanda, twice in 2011, in March and again in September, despite the travel ban imposed on him. Congolese authorities reported that on both occasions Ntaganda had gone there to attend a burial, having sought official authorization to do so from his military hierarchy and from immigration authorities. Rwandan officials said that they have no objections to Ntaganda crossing the border. They claim that his status as a sanctioned individual "is not a Rwandan problem, but a Democratic Republic of the Congo problem", adding that "Bosco contributes to peace and security to the region, which converges with Rwanda's aims".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2013)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> group of experts reported in late 2011 that Ntaganda controlled the Mungwe and Fungamwaka mines, near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Numbi,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numbi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Numbi</a>, through the Great Lakes Mining Company, managed by Edson Musabarura. Ntaganda also derived profits from mineral exploitation at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyabibwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyabibwe (page does not exist)">Nyabibwe</a>, through his alliance with Colonel Saddam Ringo. At <a href="/wiki/Rubaya_mines" title="Rubaya mines">Rubaya</a>, Ntaganda gained large revenues from taxation levied by "parallel" mine police. Ntaganda ordered his troops to intervene on behalf of Krall Metal Congo at <a href="/wiki/Lueshe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lueshe">Lueshe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 April 2012, it was reported that Ntaganda and 300 loyal troops defected from the DRC and clashed with government forces in the <a href="/wiki/Rutshuru" title="Rutshuru">Rutshuru</a> region north of <a href="/wiki/Goma" title="Goma">Goma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 April 2012, president <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kabila" title="Joseph Kabila">Joseph Kabila</a> called for Ntaganda's arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 March 2013, <a href="/wiki/Sultani_Makenga" title="Sultani Makenga">Sultani Makenga</a>'s forces "seized control ... of the town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kibumba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kibumba (page does not exist)">Kibumba</a> ... Ntaganda and an estimated 200 fighters fled into the forest while hundreds of others crossed the border into Rwanda," including "about 300 uniformed <a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">M23 rebels</a> loyal to Ntaganda."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indictment_by_the_International_Criminal_Court">Indictment by the International Criminal Court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Ntaganda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indictment by the International Criminal Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 August 2006, a Pre-Trial Chamber of the ICC found that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Ntaganda bore individual criminal responsibility for <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> committed by the FPLC between July 2002 and December 2003, and issued a warrant for his arrest. He was charged with the <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> of enlisting and conscripting children under the age of fifteen and using them to participate actively in hostilities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The arrest warrant was originally issued under seal because the court decided that "public knowledge of the proceedings in this case might result in Bosco Ntaganda hiding, fleeing, and/or obstructing or endangering the investigations or the proceedings of the Court". In April 2008, the court ruled that circumstances had changed and unsealed the warrant.<sup id="cite_ref-warrant_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warrant-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 March 2013, Ntaganda handed himself in to the U.S. embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a>, Rwanda,<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnewssurrender_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnewssurrender-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he requested transfer to the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the reasons for his surrender are unknown it was speculated that he was either pressured to do so by Rwanda or feared infighting within the M23 movement and its military leader <a href="/wiki/Sultani_Makenga" title="Sultani Makenga">Sultani Makenga</a>, which had recently militarily forced a faction around <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Runiga_Lugerero" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero">Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudouin_Ngaruye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudouin Ngaruye (page does not exist)">Baudouin Ngaruye</a>, which was allegedly connected to Ntaganda, to flee the DRC into Rwanda. Though Rwanda was not a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a>, the media speculated it would be forced to turn him over to the ICC. The U.S. also had listed him on its <a href="/wiki/Rewards_for_Justice_Program" title="Rewards for Justice Program">War Crimes Rewards Program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 March, he was detained by the ICC.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made his first appearance before the ICC on 26 March.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At his first appearance before the ICC in the Hague on 26 March 2013, Ntaganda denied his guilt.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial">Trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Ntaganda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ntaganda's trial at the ICC began on 3 September 2015. He pleaded not guilty to eighteen charges brought against him, including rape, murder, recruitment of child soldiers and sexual slavery of civilians. The trial was expected to last many months with the prosecution calling eighty witnesses, thirteen of them expert and the rest victims. Three of the witnesses were former child soldiers in Ntaganda's <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Forces_for_the_Liberation_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo">Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo</a> (FPLC).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 July 2019 he was convicted on all 18 counts<sup id="cite_ref-cnnconvictreport_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnconvictreport-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbcconvictreport_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcconvictreport-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 7 November 2019 was sentenced to 30 years in prison, the longest sentence ever handed down by the ICC.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the first person to be convicted of sexual slavery by the ICC. </p><p>On 8 March 2021 the ICC ruled that Ntaganda's victims should be compensated with USD $30 million, the highest amount ever awarded. Since Ntaganda does not have the money to pay, the Court will use its own funds to compensate victims. Ntaganda subsequently appealed his conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 30, 2021, the ICC Appeals Chamber rejected his appeal and confirmed the conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ntaganda was transferred to Leuze-en-Hainaut prison in Belgium on 14 December 2022 to serve the remainder of his sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Ntaganda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bisimwa" title="Bertrand Bisimwa">Bertrand Bisimwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultani_Makenga" title="Sultani Makenga">Sultani Makenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Runiga_Lugerero" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero">Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratko Mladic">Ratko Mladic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Ntaganda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Escritt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-warcrimes-ntaganda-court-idUSBRE92P0C620130326"><i>Congo Warlord Denies Guilt in First Appearance at Hague Court</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924180323/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/26/us-warcrimes-ntaganda-court-idUSBRE92P0C620130326">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> (26 Mar 2013 8:03 AM EDT).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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.cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPenny_Dale2012" class="citation news cs1">Penny Dale (15 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17689131">"Profile: Bosco Ntaganda the Congolese 'Terminator'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Bosco+Ntaganda+the+Congolese+%27Terminator%27&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft.au=Penny+Dale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-17689131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGettleman2009" class="citation news cs1">Gettleman, Jeffrey (25 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/25/world/africa/25congo.html?hp">"With Leader Captured, Congo Rebel Force Is Dissolving"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=With+Leader+Captured%2C+Congo+Rebel+Force+Is+Dissolving&rft.date=2009-01-25&rft.aulast=Gettleman&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F25%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F25congo.html%3Fhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ti-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ti_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/bosco-ntaganda/">"Bosco Ntaganda"</a>. <i>Trial International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trial+International&rft.atitle=Bosco+Ntaganda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrialinternational.org%2Flatest-post%2Fbosco-ntaganda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> (29 April 2008). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2008/04/29/congo18670.htm">DR Congo: Suspected War Criminal Wanted</a></i>. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iwpr-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iwpr_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwpr.net/report-news/nkunda-faces-icc-dilemma"><i>Nkunda Faces ICC Dilemma</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190519144631/https://iwpr.net/global-voices/nkunda-faces-icc-dilemma">Archived</a> 19 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_War_and_Peace_Reporting" title="Institute for War and Peace Reporting">Institute for War and Peace Reporting</a>, 1 May 2008. Retrieved on 9 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bosco-ntaganda-congo-war-crimes-murder-rape-child-soldiers-icc-hague-a8994871.html">"Congo warlord called the 'Terminator' convicted of murder, rape and recruiting child soldiers"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 8 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Congo+warlord+called+the+%27Terminator%27+convicted+of+murder%2C+rape+and+recruiting+child+soldiers&rft.date=2019-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fbosco-ntaganda-congo-war-crimes-murder-rape-child-soldiers-icc-hague-a8994871.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCJuly19-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCJuly19_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-48907866">"DR Congo's Bosco Ntaganda convicted of war crimes by ICC"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=DR+Congo%27s+Bosco+Ntaganda+convicted+of+war+crimes+by+ICC&rft.date=2019-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-48907866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnnconvictreport-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnnconvictreport_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnnconvictreport_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvana_Kottasová2019" class="citation web cs1">Ivana Kottasová (8 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/08/africa/drc-bosco-ntaganda-convicted-intl/index.html">"Former DRC general known as 'the Terminator' convicted of war crimes"</a>. <i>CNN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Former+DRC+general+known+as+%27the+Terminator%27+convicted+of+war+crimes&rft.date=2019-07-08&rft.au=Ivana+Kottasov%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F07%2F08%2Fafrica%2Fdrc-bosco-ntaganda-convicted-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbcconvictreport-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbcconvictreport_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcconvictreport_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/international-criminal-court-convicts-congo-s-ntaganda-war-crimes-n1027271">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Terminator' rebel leader convicted of war crimes in Congo"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 8 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=%27The+Terminator%27+rebel+leader+convicted+of+war+crimes+in+Congo&rft.date=2019-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Finternational-criminal-court-convicts-congo-s-ntaganda-war-crimes-n1027271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50329503">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Terminator' gets 30 years for DR Congo crimes"</a>. 7 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Terminator%27+gets+30+years+for+DR+Congo+crimes&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-50329503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-warcrimes-ntaganda-court-idUSBRE92P0C620130326">"Congo warlord denies guilt in first appearance at Hague court"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 26 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924180323/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/26/us-warcrimes-ntaganda-court-idUSBRE92P0C620130326">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Congo+warlord+denies+guilt+in+first+appearance+at+Hague+court&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-warcrimes-ntaganda-court-idUSBRE92P0C620130326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Reybrouck2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Van_Reybrouck" title="David Van Reybrouck">Van Reybrouck, David</a> (2011). <i>Congo: een geschiedenis</i>. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9023458661" title="Special:BookSources/978-9023458661"><bdi>978-9023458661</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congo%3A+een+geschiedenis&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=De+Bezige+Bij&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9023458661&rft.aulast=Van+Reybrouck&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNSC-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNSC_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Security Council Committee established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7 November 2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/sc/committees/1533/pdf/1533_list.pdf">"<i>List of individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by paragraphs 13 and 15 of Security Council Resolution 1596 (2005)</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816231652/http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1533/pdf/1533_list.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+individuals+and+entities+subject+to+the+measures+imposed+by+paragraphs+13+and+15+of+Security+Council+Resolution+1596+%282005%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fsc%2Fcommittees%2F1533%2Fpdf%2F1533_list.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(52.3 KB)</span>. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bavier-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bavier_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bavier, Joe (9 May 2008). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL09924925">Congo rebels demand proof of ICC suspect's guilt</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warrant-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-warrant_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warrant_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221025319/http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/press%20releases%20%282008%29/warrant%20of%20arrest%20against%20bosco%20ntaganda%20unsealed"><i>Warrant of Arrest against Bosco Ntaganda unsealed</i></a> press release International Criminal Court, 29 April 2008. Retrieved on 9 October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/05/congo-child-soldiers-ntaganda-monuc">"Congo conflict: 'The Terminator' lives in luxury while peacekeepers look on"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 5 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Congo+conflict%3A+%27The+Terminator%27+lives+in+luxury+while+peacekeepers+look+on&rft.date=2010-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Ffeb%2F05%2Fcongo-child-soldiers-ntaganda-monuc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/09/bosco-ntaganda-congo-warlord">I Can Find an Indicted Warlord. So Why isn't He in The Hague?</a> Mother Jones, September/October 2011. Retrieved on 14 March 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/ucla-law-students-locate-compound-congolese-militia-leader-wanted-international-criminal-1631873.htm">UCLA Law Students Locate Compound of Congolese Militia Leader Wanted by International Criminal Court</a> Retrieved on 14 March 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations Group of Experts, S/2011/738, p.149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UN Group of Experts, S/2011/738, p.150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGouby2012" class="citation news cs1">Gouby, Melanie (4 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201204040870.html">"Congo-Kinshasa: General Ntaganda and Loyalists Desert Armed Forces"</a>. <i>AllAfrica</i>. <a href="/wiki/RNW_Media" title="RNW Media">RNW Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AllAfrica&rft.atitle=Congo-Kinshasa%3A+General+Ntaganda+and+Loyalists+Desert+Armed+Forces&rft.date=2012-04-04&rft.aulast=Gouby&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F201204040870.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17683196">"Congo's 'Terminator': Kabila calls for Ntaganda arrest"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Congo%27s+%27Terminator%27%3A+Kabila+calls+for+Ntaganda+arrest&rft.date=2012-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-17683196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gulf-times.com/africa/243/details/345710/defeated-congo-rebels-surrender%20race">"Defeated Congo rebels surrender"</a>. <i>Reuters / Gulf Times</i>. 16 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Williams, Alison (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rwanda-warcrimes-idUSBRE92J0OM20130320">"U.S. working for swift transfer of Congo warlord to ICC"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=The+surrender+of+Bosco+Ntaganda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.aljazeera.com%2Fblog%2Fafrica%2Fsurrender-bosco-ntaganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorder2013" class="citation news cs1">Corder, Mike (22 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/03/22/international-court-rwandan-warlord/2009039/">"International court detains Rwandan-born warlord"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=International+court+detains+Rwandan-born+warlord&rft.date=2013-03-22&rft.aulast=Corder&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2013%2F03%2F22%2Finternational-court-rwandan-warlord%2F2009039%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/03/201332675836671516.html">"DR Congo's Ntaganda appears before ICC"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Deutsche Welle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+The+Hague%2C+trial+opens+for+Congo+warlord+Bosco+Ntaganda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fin-the-hague-trial-opens-for-congo-warlord-bosco-ntaganda%2Fa-18688983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolligan" class="citation news cs1">Holligan, Anna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-34122613">"DR Congo's Bosco Ntaganda pleads not guilty at ICC trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DR+Congo%27s+Bosco+Ntaganda+pleads+not+guilty+at+ICC+trial&rft.aulast=Holligan&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-34122613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marlise_Simons" title="Marlise Simons">Simons, Marlise</a> (2 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/03/world/africa/bosco-ntaganda-congo-international-criminal-court.html">"War Crimes Trial Opens for Bosco Ntaganda, Congolese Rebel Leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=War+Crimes+Trial+Opens+for+Bosco+Ntaganda%2C+Congolese+Rebel+Leader&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=Marlise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F03%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fbosco-ntaganda-congo-international-criminal-court.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoi" class="citation web cs1">Soi, Catherine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2015/09/congolese-warlord-bosco-terminator-ntaganda-trial-150902060514379.html">"Congolese warlord Bosco 'Terminator' Ntaganda on trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congolese+warlord+Bosco+%27Terminator%27+Ntaganda+on+trial&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.aulast=Soi&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2F2015%2F09%2Fcongolese-warlord-bosco-terminator-ntaganda-trial-150902060514379.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48907866">"DR Congo's Bosco Ntaganda convicted of war crimes by ICC"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=DR+Congo%27s+Bosco+Ntaganda+convicted+of+war+crimes+by+ICC&rft.date=2019-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-48907866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-50329503">"Bosco Ntaganda sentenced to 30 years for crimes in DR Congo"</a>. BBC News. 7 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bosco+Ntaganda+sentenced+to+30+years+for+crimes+in+DR+Congo&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-50329503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_den_Berg2021" class="citation news cs1">van den Berg, Stephanie (8 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/war-crimes-court-orders-record-115808078.html">"War crimes court orders record $30 million compensation for Congo victims"</a>. <i>news.yahoo.com</i>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=War+crimes+court+orders+record+%2430+million+compensation+for+Congo+victims&rft.date=2021-03-08&rft.aulast=van+den+Berg&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fwar-crimes-court-orders-record-115808078.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/drc/ntaganda">"Ntaganda Case"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ntaganda+Case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fdrc%2Fntaganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/337450/congolese-warlord-bosco-ntaganda-transferred-to-belgium">"Congolese warlord Bosco Ntaganda transferred to Belgium"</a>. <i>The Brussels Times</i>. 14 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brussels+Times&rft.atitle=Congolese+warlord+Bosco+Ntaganda+transferred+to+Belgium&rft.date=2024-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brusselstimes.com%2Fnews%2F337450%2Fcongolese-warlord-bosco-ntaganda-transferred-to-belgium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosco_Ntaganda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617095656/http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Situations%2Band%2BCases/Situations/Situation%2BICC%2B0104/Related%2BCases/ICC%2B0104%2B0206/ICC%2B0104%2B0206.htm">Case The Prosecutor v Bosco Ntaganda</a> — ICC records relating to the Ntaganda case</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428014744/http://www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/2008-26559">"Bosco Ntaganda on Interpol's list of wanted persons"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/2008-26559">the original</a> on 28 April 2012 – via <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interpol&rft.atitle=Bosco+Ntaganda+on+Interpol%27s+list+of+wanted+persons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2FWanted-Persons%2F%28wanted_id%29%2F2008-26559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosco+Ntaganda" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:ICC_indictees_(NavBox)" title="Template:ICC indictees (NavBox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ICC_indictees_(NavBox)" title="Template talk:ICC indictees (NavBox)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ICC_indictees_(NavBox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ICC indictees (NavBox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_publicly_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court">People publicly indicted in the International Criminal Court</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> and (*) indicate that a person was convicted by the ICC and that the conviction remains valid; a name in (parentheses) indicates that charges were dropped or a conviction was overturned; † indicates a person deceased before or during trial; (x) after a name indicates that the case was closed by the ICC because of a national-level trial of the accused</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central African Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bemba" title="Jean-Pierre Bemba">Jean-Pierre Bemba</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noureddine_Adam" title="Noureddine Adam">Noureddine Adam</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Maxime_Mokom" title="Maxime Mokom">Maxime Mokom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice-Edouard_Nga%C3%AFssona" title="Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona">Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamat_Said_Abdel_Kani" title="Mahamat Said Abdel Kani">Mahamat Said Abdel Kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Yekatom" title="Alfred Yekatom">Alfred Yekatom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Germain_Katanga" title="Germain Katanga">Germain Katanga</a></i> (*)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga_Dyilo" title="Thomas Lubanga Dyilo">Thomas Lubanga Dyilo</a></i> (*)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Callixte_Mbarushimana" title="Callixte Mbarushimana">Callixte Mbarushimana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvestre_Mudacumura" title="Sylvestre Mudacumura">Sylvestre Mudacumura</a>†</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Ngudjolo_Chui" title="Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui">Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui</a>)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosco Ntaganda</a></i> (*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">Darfur, Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Bahr_Idriss_Abu_Garda" title="Bahr Idriss Abu Garda">Bahr Abu Garda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Banda" title="Abdallah Banda">Abdallah Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Haroun" title="Ahmed Haroun">Ahmed Haroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahim_Mohammed_Hussein" title="Abdel Rahim Mohammed Hussein">Abdel Rahim Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Jerbo" title="Saleh Jerbo">Saleh Jerbo</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kushayb" title="Ali Kushayb">Ali Kushayb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Georgia" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sanakoev" title="David Sanakoev">David Sanakoev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mindzaev" title="Mikhail Mindzaev">Mikhail Mindzaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_Guchmazov" title="Hamlet Guchmazov">Hamlet Guchmazov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ivory Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bl%C3%A9_Goud%C3%A9" title="Charles Blé Goudé">Charles Blé Goudé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo" title="Laurent Gbagbo">Laurent Gbagbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Gbagbo" title="Simone Gbagbo">Simone Gbagbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">Kenya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hussein_Ali" title="Mohammed Hussein Ali">Mohammed Ali</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Henry_Kosgey" title="Henry Kosgey">Henry Kosgey</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Francis_Muthaura" title="Francis Muthaura">Francis Muthaura</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Joshua_Sang" title="Joshua Sang">Joshua Sang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gicheru" title="Paul Gicheru">Paul Gicheru</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Senussi" title="Abdullah Senussi">Abdullah Senussi</a> (x)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohami_Khaled" title="Tohami Khaled">Tohami Khaled</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Werfalli" title="Mahmoud al-Werfalli">Mahmoud al-Werfalli</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">Mali</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Faqi_al-Mahdi" title="Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi">Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi</a></i> (*)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hassan_Ag_Abdoul_Aziz" title="Al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz">al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz</a></i> (*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda">Uganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kony" title="Joseph Kony">Joseph Kony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raska_Lukwiya" title="Raska Lukwiya">Raska Lukwiya</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okot_Odhiambo" title="Okot Odhiambo">Okot Odhiambo</a>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Ongwen" title="Dominic Ongwen">Dominic Ongwen</a></i> (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Otti" title="Vincent Otti">Vincent Otti</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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