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height="9" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.5625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപാഠശാല സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപാഠശാല സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപാഠശാല സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപാഠശാല സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ml.wikibooks.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>സംഭാവന ചെയ്യുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ml.wikibooks.org&uselang=ml"><span>സംഭാവന ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽ നിന്നും ചെയ്തിട്ടുള്ള തിരുത്തുകളുടെ പട്ടിക [y]" accesskey="y"><span>സംഭാവനകൾ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var 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class="mw-page-title-main">കമ്പ്യൂട്ടിങ്ങ്</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ഭാഷകൾ ചേർക്കുക</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem?site=mlwikibooks&page=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82%3A%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="അന്തർഭാഷാകണ്ണികൾ ചേർക്കുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ ചേർക്കുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-വിഷയം" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="View the subject page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>വിഷയം</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="വിവരദായക താളിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചർച്ച (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഭാഷയുടെ ചരം മാറ്റുക" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">മലയാളം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ദർശനീയത"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D&action=edit" title="ഈ താൾ തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D&action=history" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ പഴയ പതിപ്പുകൾ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</div> <button 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D&action=edit" title="ഈ താൾ തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D&action=history"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> സാർവത്രികം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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[j]" accesskey="j"><span>ഈ താളിലേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" rel="nofollow" title="താളുകളിലെ പുതിയ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>അനുബന്ധ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ml" title="പ്രമാണങ്ങൾ അപ്‌ലോഡ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപാഠശാല, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര ഉള്ളടക്കത്തോടുകൂടിയ പാഠശാല.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><p><<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D" title="വിഷയം:പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ വിഷയം തിരിച്ച്">പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ വിഷയം തിരിച്ച്</a> </p> <div style="border: 1px solid #2A62A1;"> <div style="border: 1px solid #2A62A1; border-width: 0px 0px 1px 0px; background-color: #9EB8D6; padding: 3px"><b>കമ്പ്യൂട്ടിങ്ങ്</b><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gnome-computer.svg/30px-Gnome-computer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gnome-computer.svg/45px-Gnome-computer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gnome-computer.svg/60px-Gnome-computer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="padding: 5px; background-color: #F4EED7">വിവരങ്ങൾ സൂക്ഷിക്കുവാനും സംസ്കvvdvരിച്ചെടുക്കുവാനും വേണ്ടിയുള്ള ഒരു വൈദ്യുത ഉപകരണമാണ് കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ. നിർദേശങ്ങളുടെ ഒരു സമാഹാരം മുഖേന വിവരങ്ങൾ നടപടിക്കു വിധേയമാക്കാൻ കഴിവുള്ള ഒരു പ്രയോഗോപകരണം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഇലക്ട്രോണിക്ക് യന്ത്രം ആണത്. കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ സാങ്കേതികവിദ്യയുടെ വികസനം, കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ഹാർഡ്‌വെയർ, സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയർ തുടങ്ങിയവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട പുസ്തകങ്ങളാണ്‌ ഈ വിഷയത്തിൽ ലഭ്യമാവുക.</div></div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border: 1px solid #2A62A1; 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href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit">തിരുത്തുക</a></small></div></li></ul> </td> <td style="width: 50%;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="vertical-align: top; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #2A62A1; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; background-color: #F0F8FF;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="border: 1px solid #2A62A1; border-width: 0px 0px 1px 0px; background-color: #9EB8D6; padding: 3px"><b>ഉപവിഷയങ്ങൾ</b><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chart_organisation.svg/24px-Chart_organisation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chart_organisation.svg/36px-Chart_organisation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chart_organisation.svg/48px-Chart_organisation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 3px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വിഷയം:കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ശാസ്ത്രം">കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ശാസ്ത്രം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="വിഷയം:കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ഹാർഡ്‌വെയർ">കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ഹാർഡ്‌വെയർ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="വിഷയം:കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ നെറ്റ്വർക്കിങ്ങ്">കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ നെറ്റ് വർക്കിങ്ങ്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="വിഷയം:കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ്ങ്">കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ്ങ്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="വിഷയം:കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ സോഫ്റ്റ് വെയർ">കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ സോഫ്റ്റ് വെയർ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="വിഷയം:വിവരസാങ്കേതികവിദ്യ">വിവരസാങ്കേതികവിദ്യ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="വിഷയം:ഇന്റർനെറ്റ്">ഇന്റർനെറ്റ്</a><div class="editsection noprint editlink plainlinks" align="right" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"><small><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit">തിരുത്തുക</a></small></div></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="border: 1px solid #2A62A1; border-width: 1px 0px 1px 0px; background-color: #9EB8D6; padding: 3px"><b>തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ</b><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nuvola_filesystems_services.svg/24px-Nuvola_filesystems_services.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nuvola_filesystems_services.svg/36px-Nuvola_filesystems_services.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nuvola_filesystems_services.svg/48px-Nuvola_filesystems_services.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 3px;"><div class="editsection noprint editlink plainlinks" align="right" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"><small><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit">തിരുത്തുക</a></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="border: 1px solid #2A62A1; border-width: 1px 0px 1px 0px; background-color: #9EB8D6; padding: 3px"><b>അച്ചടിക്കാൻ പാകത്തിലുള്ളവ</b><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/24px-Printer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/36px-Printer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/48px-Printer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 3px;"><div class="editsection noprint editlink plainlinks" align="right" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"><small><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit">തിരുത്തുക</a></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="border: 1px solid #2A62A1; border-width: 1px 0px 1px 0px; background-color: #9EB8D6; padding: 3px"><b>പി.ഡി.എഫ്. പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ</b><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Noia_64_apps_acroread.png/24px-Noia_64_apps_acroread.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Noia_64_apps_acroread.png/36px-Noia_64_apps_acroread.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Noia_64_apps_acroread.png/48px-Noia_64_apps_acroread.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 3px;"><div class="editsection noprint editlink plainlinks" align="right" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"><small><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D._%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit">തിരുത്തുക</a></small></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table>    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