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pl-16 pr-16 ram:pl-0 ram:pr-0"> <h1 class="ydd-article-headline fnt-yle-black" itemprop="headline"> <span>Den mest dramatiska förändringen på arbetsmarknaden på flera decennier – det här är skillnaden mellan allmänt bindande och företagsspecifika kollektivavtal</span> </h1> <div class="flex items-center"> <span class="icon icon--time"></span> <span class="clr-C txt-13" property="dc:date dc:created" content="2021-10-06T17:47:38+03:00" datatype="xsd:dateTime" rel="sioc:has_creator"> <span class="published" itemprop="datePublished" content="2021-10-06T17:47:38+03:00">Publicerad 06.10.2021 17:47.</span> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2021-10-06T17:47:38+03:00"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="ydd-article-main-image mb-16 relative"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image"> <figure role="group"> <div class="ydd-image__wrapper ydd-fluid-aspect-ratio-placeholder" data-aspect-ratio="16:9"> <img alt="Tre pappersarbetare i neongula och gråa arbetskläder skär bort en extra bit på en ca 10 meter lång pappersrulle" itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_6240,h_3510,c_crop,x_0,y_136/w_700/v1633437279/39-7530985fd254374314e.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007033206/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="39-7530985fd254374314e" data-crop-coords="w_6240,h_3510,c_crop,x_0,y_136" data-image-width="6240" data-image-height="3510" data-image-version="1633437279" data-copyright="Petri Aaltonen / Yle" data-caption="" data-ydd-modal-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007033206/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_88/w_6240,h_3510,c_crop,x_0,y_136/w_6240/w_1400,h_1400,c_fit/v1633437279/39-7530985fd254374314e.jpg" data-ydd-modal-width="1400" data-ydd-modal-height="788" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007033206/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_6240,h_3510,c_crop,x_0,y_136/w_400/v1633437279/39-7530985fd254374314e.jpg"> </div> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007033206/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_6240,h_3510,c_crop,x_0,y_136/w_700/v1633437279/39-7530985fd254374314e.jpg"> <noscript><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007033206im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_6240,h_3510,c_crop,x_0,y_136/w_400/v1633437279/39-7530985fd254374314e.jpg" alt="Tre pappersarbetare i neongula och gråa arbetskläder skär bort en extra bit på en ca 10 meter lång pappersrulle"/></noscript> <figcaption class="ydd-image__captions txt-13 pt-8"> <div class="ydd-image__copyright clr-C" 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.046.718 .37.841 .437.122 .066.205 .101.234 .154.029 .053.02 .302-.095.589-.115.286-.638.548-.868.56z"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div itemprop="articleSection" content="Inrikes" class="ydd-body-content ydd-body-content--article mb-64"> <p class="ydd-lead fnt-bold"> En av de största förändringarna på flera decennier är på gång på arbetsmarknaden, och det kan påverka hela systemet för hur man förhandlar om löner och andra arbetsvillkor. Vad betyder det att man gör företagsspecifika avtal och hur skiljer det sig från allmänt bindande kollektivavtal? </p> <p>De stora arbetsgivarförbunden Skogsindustrin och Teknologiindustrin har meddelat att de önskar göra separata kollektivavtal för olika företag.</p><p>Inom Teknologiindustrin håller företagen på att dela sig i två läger - de som önskar ha allmänt bindande kollektivavtal och de som önskar sluta separata avtal för varje företags del.</p><p>Vi förklarar vad de största skillnaderna är, och vilka arbetsgivar- och arbetstagarsidans huvudargument är, i den nya förhandlingssituationen.</p><h2 class="ydd-heading-large">Vad betyder allmänt bindande kollektivavtal?</h2><p>Största delen av arbetsmarknaden i Finland regleras genom allmänt bindande kollektivavtal. Det betyder att alla arbetsgivare inom branschen omfattas av kollektivavtalen, oberoende av om arbetsgivaren hör till ett arbetsgivarförbund.</p><p>För att det här ska gälla måste minst hälften av arbetstagarna inom branschen arbeta hos arbetsgivare som hör till det arbetsgivarförbund, som har slutit kollektivavtalet.</p><p>Ett allmänt bindande kollektivavtal sätter en miniminivå för löneförhöjningar och andra arbetsvillkor. Hit hör till exempel lön för sjukledighet och föräldraledigheter, övertidsersättningar, arbetstidsarrangemang och semesterpenning. Vissa minimivillkor är reglerade i lag, men till exempel semesterpenningen regleras inte alls av lagen. Det betyder att en arbetstagare som är utan kollektivavtal kan gå miste om semesterpenningen.</p><h2 class="ydd-heading-large">Vad betyder företagsspecifika kollektivavtal?</h2><p>I ett företagsspecifikt kollektivavtal kan man förhandla om motsvarande frågor som i ett allmänbindande kollektivavtal.</p><p>Skogsindustrin vill ha företagsspecifika avtal, för att se till varje företags särskilda behov och konkurrenssituation. Arbetsgivarens målsättning är att skillnaderna i löner ska vara större än idag, så att man lokalt belönar specifika arbetsinsatser.</p><p>Därtill har skogsbolaget UPM meddelat att det eftersträvar olika kollektivavtal för olika sektorer inom företaget – ett förslag som arbetstagarsidan Pappersförbundet har sagt nej till.</p><p>I princip kan parterna besluta om samma frågor i företagsspecifika kollektivavtal som de tidigare har gjort i de allmänt bindande avtalen. Arbetstagarsidan har motsatt sig förändringen. Facket misstänker att löneskillnaderna mellan företagen kan blir större och enskilda förtroendemän kan ha svårare att förhandla om avtalen än ett helt fackförbund.</p><p>Det är oklart om parterna kommer att inleda förhandlingarna utgående från de nuvarande kollektivavtalen, eller om de kommer att börja från tomt bord. Stora Enso och Pappersförbundet använde det nuvarande kollektivavtalet som grund för den <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007033206/https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10007029">förhandlingslösning</a> som parterna nådde.</p><h2 class="ydd-heading-large">Vad betyder lokala avtal?</h2><p>I diskussionen används också begreppet lokala avtal. Det är avtal som sluts på en specifik arbetsplats, eller en avdelning. De frågor som avhandlas i lokala avtal är mindre än de som avhandlas i kollektivavtal. Enskilda lönepotter eller arbetstidsarrangemang är sådana frågor, som redan nu finns i vissa lokala avtal.</p><h2 class="ydd-heading-large">Teknologiindustrin kör på två spår</h2><p>Skogsindustrin och en del av teknologibranschen för sina förhandlingar med utgångspunkten att slopa de allmänt bindande kollektivavtalen. Största delen av den övriga arbetsmarknaden, exempelvis kemiindustrin, livsmedelsindustrin, servicebranscherna och de offentligt anställda kommer fortsättningsvis att sluta allmänt bindande avtal.</p><p>Fackförbunden motsätter sig utvecklingen, eftersom det finns en rädsla för att arbetsgivarna vill sluta allt fler avtal på företagsnivå.</p><p>Många ögonpar kommer att riktas mot Teknologiindustrin, som är teknologiföretagens arbetsgivarorganisation, under höstens förhandlingar.</p><p>Teknologiindustrin kör på två spår. De företag som vill ha ett allmänbindande avtal håller på att ansluta sig till dotterorganisationen Teknologiindustrins arbetsgivare, som kommer att förhandla för deras del. De arbetsgivare som vill sluta avtal på företagsnivå kommer inte att föra gemensamma förhandlingar.</p><h2 class="ydd-heading-large">Många förhandlingsbord ökar risken för strejker?</h2><p>Situationen leder till att antalet förhandlingsbord flerfaldigas, och vissa förhandlingar kan dra ut på tiden, eftersom samma förhandlare och experter kan sitta i flera förhandlingsbord. Enligt arbetstagarna kommer risken för strejker att öka – en uppfattning som inte delas av arbetsgivarna.</p><p>När de nuvarande kollektivavtalen löper ut för olika branscher kan det uppstå situationer då arbetstagarna och arbetsgivarna har olika åsikter om vilka villkor som gäller under en mellanperiod, innan man har ett nytt avtal. Det är brukligt att de allmänbindande avtalen gäller tillsvidare. Men det är också möjligt att arbetsgivaren går in för att enbart använda sig av de minimivillkor som bestäms i lagen.</p><p><em>Källor: Tidigare artiklar publicerade på yle.fi och </em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007033206/https://www.sak.fi/ajankohtaista/liittojen-tyoehtoneuvottelut"><em>FFC:s nätsida</em></a><em>.</em></p> </div> <div class="-ml-16 -mr-16"> <details class="ydd-article-tags__details mb-32 ml-16 mt-32"> <summary class="ydd-article-tags__summary cursor-pointer flex pb-16 pointer-events-none relative summary-reset user-select-none"> <div class="flex"> <div class="ydd-article-tags__pill bg-clr-H border-clr-B border-solid br flex items-center pointer-events-auto"> <span id="aria-article-tags" class="ydd-article-tags__pill-text clr-C truncate">Taggar: <span aria-hidden="true" itemprop="keywords" content="arbetsmarknadspolitik, arbetsmarknaden, arbetsmarknadsorganisationer, kollektivavtal, kollektivavtals allmänt bindande verkan, Skogsindustrin i Finland, högteknologisk industri">Arbetsmarknadspolitik, Arbetsmarknaden</span> </span> <span class="ydd-article-tags__toggle ml-8"></span> </div> </div> </summary> <div class="ydd-article-tags__content pl-8"> <ul class="ydd-article-tags__list break-word list-reset relative w-full" aria-labelledby="aria-article-tags"> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211007033206/https://svenska.yle.fi/t/18-219610">Arbetsmarknadspolitik</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211007033206/https://svenska.yle.fi/t/18-207255">Arbetsmarknaden</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211007033206/https://svenska.yle.fi/t/18-209438">Arbetsmarknadsorganisationer</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211007033206/https://svenska.yle.fi/t/18-218581">Kollektivavtal</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211007033206/https://svenska.yle.fi/t/18-330207">Kollektivavtals allmänt bindande verkan</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211007033206/https://svenska.yle.fi/t/18-302223">Skogsindustrin i Finland</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211007033206/https://svenska.yle.fi/t/18-212702">Högteknologisk industri</a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> <div class="ydd-comments mb-32" id="comments"> <h2 class="visually-hidden">Diskussion om artikeln</h2> <div id="yle-comments-plugin" class="js-ydd-comments-plugin lazyload" data-id="7-10006968"></div> </div> <aside id="ydd-article-related-content"> <div 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