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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Portuguese_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Portuguese era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dutch era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>British era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>After independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_capital_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_capital_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>National capital status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_capital_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suburbs_and_postal_codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs_and_postal_codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Suburbs and postal codes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Suburbs_and_postal_codes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Suburbs and postal codes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Suburbs_and_postal_codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>City limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement_and_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Law enforcement and crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Harbour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harbour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Harbour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harbour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.1</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.3</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.4</span> <span>Ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.5</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colombo_Fort" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombo_Fort"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Colombo Fort</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombo_Fort-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch-era_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch-era_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Dutch-era buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch-era_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British-era_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British-era_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>British-era buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British-era_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annual_cultural_events_and_fairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_cultural_events_and_fairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Annual cultural events and fairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_cultural_events_and_fairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_art_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_art_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Museums and art collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_art_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Colombo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%8E%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A6" title="ኮሎምቦ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮሎምቦ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="كولمبو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كولمبو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombu" title="Colombu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Colombu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol%C3%B3mbo" title="Kolómbo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kolómbo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B" title="কলম্বো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কলম্বো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Каломба – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каломба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Каломба – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каломба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B" title="कोलंबो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोलंबो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁོ་ལུམ་པོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁོ་ལུམ་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Colombo (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Colombo (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AE%DE%85%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%84%DE%AA" title="ކޮޅުނބު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކޮޅުނބު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B" title="कोलम्बो – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कोलम्बो" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF" title="Κολόμπο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κολόμπο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo_(urbo)" title="Kolombo (urbo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kolombo (urbo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonbo" title="Kolonbo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kolonbo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="کلمبو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلمبو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Kolombo (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kolombo (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B" title="કોલંબો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કોલંબો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A1%AC%EB%B3%B4" title="콜롬보 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콜롬보" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8" title="Կոլոմբո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոլոմբո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B" title="कोलंबो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोलंबो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3lomb%C3%B3" title="Kólombó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kólombó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Colombo (Sri Lanka) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colombo (Sri Lanka)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95" title="קולומבו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולומבו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8A" title="ಕೊಲಂಬೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊಲಂಬೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D" title="კოლომბო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოლომბო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonbo" title="Kolonbo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kolonbo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE_(%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Коломбо (Шри-Ланка) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Коломбо (Шри-Ланка)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbum_(Srilanca)" title="Columbum (Srilanca) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Columbum (Srilanca)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombas" title="Kolombas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolombas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_(%C3%A7it%C3%A6)" title="Colombo (çitæ) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Colombo (çitæ)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Colombo (Sri Lanka) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Colombo (Sri Lanka)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B" title="कोलम्बो – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कोलम्बो" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B" title="കൊളംബോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊളംബോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B" title="कोलंबो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोलंबो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D" title="კოლომბო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოლომბო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="كولمبو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كولمبو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="کلمبو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کلمبو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကိုလံဘိုမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုလံဘိုမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_(stad)" title="Colombo (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Colombo (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B" title="कोलम्बो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कोलम्बो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C" title="コロンボ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロンボ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8B" title="କଲୋମ୍ବୋ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କଲୋମ୍ବୋ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B" title="ਕੋਲੰਬੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਲੰਬੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="کولمبو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کولمبو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC" title="កូឡុំបូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កូឡុំបូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Colombo (Sri Lanka) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Colombo (Sri Lanka)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B" title="कोलम्बो – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोलम्बो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱚ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9" title="කොළඹ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොළඹ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="ڪولمبو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪولمبو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol%C5%AFmbo" title="Kolůmbo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kolůmbo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonbo" title="Kolonbo – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kolonbo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="கொழும்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொழும்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B" title="కొలంబో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొలంబో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A" title="โคลัมโบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โคลัมโบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Коломбо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коломбо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="کولمبو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کولمبو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="كولومبو – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كولومبو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_(sit%C3%A0)" title="Colombo (sità) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Colombo (sità)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Colombo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%A6%E5%9D%A1" title="科伦坡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科伦坡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1" title="哥林堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哥林堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kolombo" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%80%AB%E5%9D%A1" title="可倫坡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="可倫坡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35381#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombo&params=6_56_04_N_79_50_34_E_region:LK_type:city(752993)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°56′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°50′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.93444°N 79.84278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.93444; 79.84278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Executive and judicial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Columbo" title="Columbo">Columbo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Colombo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Colombo (disambiguation)">Colombo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Western Province, Sri Lanka</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Colombo</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">කොළඹ</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>)</span><br /><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">கொழும்பு</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> (<a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_from_Kingsbury_Hotel,_Colombo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sunset_from_Kingsbury_Hotel%2C_Colombo.jpg/238px-Sunset_from_Kingsbury_Hotel%2C_Colombo.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sunset_from_Kingsbury_Hotel%2C_Colombo.jpg/357px-Sunset_from_Kingsbury_Hotel%2C_Colombo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sunset_from_Kingsbury_Hotel%2C_Colombo.jpg/476px-Sunset_from_Kingsbury_Hotel%2C_Colombo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Skyline over <a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Green" title="Galle Face Green">Galle Face Green</a> (middle), with <a href="/wiki/Shangri-La_Colombo" title="Shangri-La Colombo">Shangri-La Hotel</a> and <a href="/wiki/One_Galle_Face" title="One Galle Face">One Galle Face</a> (left), and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> (right)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seema_Malaka_-_Buddha_statues.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Seema_Malaka_-_Buddha_statues.jpg/118px-Seema_Malaka_-_Buddha_statues.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Seema_Malaka_-_Buddha_statues.jpg/177px-Seema_Malaka_-_Buddha_statues.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Seema_Malaka_-_Buddha_statues.jpg/236px-Seema_Malaka_-_Buddha_statues.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> statues at <a href="/wiki/Seema_Malaka" title="Seema Malaka">Seema Malaka</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Commemoration_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Independence_Commemoration_Hall.jpg/116px-Independence_Commemoration_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Independence_Commemoration_Hall.jpg/174px-Independence_Commemoration_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Independence_Commemoration_Hall.jpg/232px-Independence_Commemoration_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3613" data-file-height="2459" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Memorial_Hall" title="Independence Memorial Hall">Independence Memorial Hall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:78px;max-width:78px"><div style="height:50px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slave_Island_Murugan_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Slave_Island_Murugan_Temple.jpg/76px-Slave_Island_Murugan_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Slave_Island_Murugan_Temple.jpg/114px-Slave_Island_Murugan_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Slave_Island_Murugan_Temple.jpg/152px-Slave_Island_Murugan_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Murugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murugan">Murugan</a> Hindu temple in <a href="/wiki/Company_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Company Roads">Company Roads</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:78px;max-width:78px"><div style="height:50px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LK-colombo-yorkstreet-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/LK-colombo-yorkstreet-1.jpg/76px-LK-colombo-yorkstreet-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/LK-colombo-yorkstreet-1.jpg/114px-LK-colombo-yorkstreet-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/LK-colombo-yorkstreet-1.jpg/152px-LK-colombo-yorkstreet-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Oriental_Hotel" title="Grand Oriental Hotel">Grand Oriental Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_(Colombo)" title="Fort (Colombo)">Fort</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:80px;max-width:80px"><div style="height:50px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_auditorium_entrance_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/The_auditorium_entrance_2.JPG/78px-The_auditorium_entrance_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="78" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/The_auditorium_entrance_2.JPG/117px-The_auditorium_entrance_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/The_auditorium_entrance_2.JPG/156px-The_auditorium_entrance_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Nelum_Pokuna_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre" title="Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre">Nelum Pokuna</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg/238px-LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg/357px-LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg/476px-LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Skyline of Fort featuring <a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_Building,_Colombo" title="Old Parliament Building, Colombo">Old Parliament Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ceylon" title="Bank of Ceylon">Bank of Ceylon</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(Colombo)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Center (Colombo)">WTC twin towers</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Colombo_MC.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Colombo"><img alt="Flag of Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Colombo_MC.svg/100px-Flag_of_Colombo_MC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Colombo_MC.svg/150px-Flag_of_Colombo_MC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Colombo_MC.svg/200px-Flag_of_Colombo_MC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="284" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Colombo_Municipal_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Colombo"><img alt="Official seal of Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombo_Municipal_Council.svg/78px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombo_Municipal_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombo_Municipal_Council.svg/118px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombo_Municipal_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombo_Municipal_Council.svg/157px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombo_Municipal_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="652" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Colombo" title="Seal of Colombo">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_district_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colombo is located in Colombo District"><img alt="Colombo is located in Colombo District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Colombo_district_location_map.svg/250px-Colombo_district_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Colombo_district_location_map.svg/375px-Colombo_district_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Colombo_district_location_map.svg/500px-Colombo_district_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="684" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.006%;left:7.184%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Colombo"><img alt="Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Colombo</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Colombo District</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Lanka_adm-2_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colombo is located in Sri Lanka"><img alt="Colombo is located in Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sri_Lanka_adm-2_location_map.svg/250px-Sri_Lanka_adm-2_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sri_Lanka_adm-2_location_map.svg/375px-Sri_Lanka_adm-2_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sri_Lanka_adm-2_location_map.svg/500px-Sri_Lanka_adm-2_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.99%;left:25.539%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Colombo"><img alt="Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Colombo</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sri Lanka</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colombo is located in Asia"><img alt="Colombo is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.791%;left:35.145%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Colombo"><img alt="Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Colombo</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombo&params=6_56_04_N_79_50_34_E_region:LK_type:city(752993)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°56′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°50′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.93444°N 79.84278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.93444; 79.84278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Provinces of Sri Lanka">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Western Province, Sri Lanka">Western Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Districts of Sri Lanka">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colombo_District" title="Colombo District">Colombo District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal Council</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Municipal_Council" title="Colombo Municipal Council">Colombo Municipal Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Town_Hall_(Colombo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Hall (Colombo)">Town Hall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Colombo" title="Mayor of Colombo">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Vacant</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> (<a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">37.31 km<sup>2</sup> (14.41 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">699 km<sup>2</sup> (270 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,684 km<sup>2</sup> (1,422 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 m (3 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> (<a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">752,993</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">20,182/km<sup>2</sup> (52,270/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,323,826</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,648,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Standard_Time" title="Sri Lanka Standard Time">SLST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Postal codes in Sri Lanka">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">0xxxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Telephone numbers in Sri Lanka">011</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://colombo.mc.gov.lk">colombo<wbr />.mc<wbr />.gov<wbr />.lk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Colombo</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">kə-<span style="font-size:90%">LUM</span>-boh</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>: <span lang="si">කොළඹ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Sinhala-language romanization"><i lang="si-Latn">Koḷam̆ba</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="si-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈkoləᵐbə]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">கொழும்பு</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">Koḻumpu</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ta-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">[koɻumbɯ]</a></span>) is the executive and judicial <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> by population. The Colombo metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 5.6 million,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 752,993<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the municipal limits. It is the financial centre of the island and a tourist destination.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Region_Megapolis" title="Western Region Megapolis">Greater Colombo area</a> which includes <a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a>, the legislative capital of Sri Lanka, and <a href="/wiki/Dehiwala-Mount_Lavinia" title="Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia">Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia</a>. Colombo is often referred to as the capital since Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is situated within the Colombo metro area. It is also the administrative capital of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Western Province, Sri Lanka">Western Province</a> and the district capital of <a href="/wiki/Colombo_District" title="Colombo District">Colombo District</a>. Colombo is a busy and vibrant city with a mixture of modern life, colonial buildings and monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-rweb1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rweb1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was made the capital of the island when Sri Lanka was ceded to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> in 1815,<sup id="cite_ref-HoC_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> retaining its capital status when Sri Lanka gained <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_independence_movement" title="Sri Lankan independence movement">independence in 1948</a>. In 1978, when administrative functions were moved to <a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a>, Colombo was designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92.JPG/150px-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92.JPG/225px-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92.JPG/300px-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2168" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Colombo from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Dutch Ceylon</a> era, depicting a <a href="/wiki/Mango_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango tree">mango tree</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The name 'Colombo', first introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_explorers" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese explorers">Portuguese explorers</a> in 1505, is believed to be derived from the classical <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a> name <span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">කොලොන් තොට</span></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">கொல்லம் துறைமுகம்</span></span> <i>Kolon thota</i>, meaning "port on the river <a href="/wiki/Kelani_River" title="Kelani River">Kelani</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-so1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-so1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another belief is that the name is derived from the Sinhala name <span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">කොල-අඹ-තොට</span></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">பெருங்குடல் துறைமுகம்</span></span> <i>Kola-amba-thota</i> which means 'Harbour with leafy/green mango trees'.<sup id="cite_ref-we1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-we1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This coincides with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Knox_(sailor)" title="Robert Knox (sailor)">Robert Knox</a>'s history of the island while he was a prisoner in Kandy. He writes that "On the West, the City of Columbo, so-called from a Tree the Natives call Ambo, (which bears the Mango-fruit) growing in that place; but this never bear fruit, but only leaves, which in their Language is kola and thence they called the Tree Colambo: which the Christians in honour of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> turned to Columbo." </p><p>The author of the oldest Sinhala grammar, <i>Sidatsangarava,</i> written in the 13th century wrote about a category of words that exclusively belonged to early Sinhala. It lists <i>naramba</i> (to see) and <i>kolamba</i> (fort or harbour) as deriving from the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Vedda_language" title="Vedda language">Vedda language</a>. <i>Kolamba</i> may also be the source of the name of the commercial capital Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traveller <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> who visited the island in the 14th century, referred to it as <i>Kalanpu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arabs, whose primary interests were trade, began to settle in Colombo around the eighth century AD mostly because the port helped their business by the way of controlling much of the trade between the <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a> kingdoms and the outside world. It was popularly believed that their descendants comprised the local <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moors" title="Sri Lankan Moors">Sri Lankan Moor</a> community, but their genetics are predominantly South Indian.<sup id="cite_ref-HoC_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_era">Portuguese era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Portuguese era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> explorers led by Dom <a href="/wiki/Louren%C3%A7o_de_Almeida" title="Lourenço de Almeida">Lourenço de Almeida</a> first arrived in Sri Lanka in 1505. During their initial visit they made a treaty with the King of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kotte" title="Kingdom of Kotte">Kotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parakramabahu_VIII" title="Parakramabahu VIII">Parakramabahu VIII</a> (1484–1518), which enabled them to trade in the island's crop of <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, which lay along with the coastal areas of the island, including in Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-cs1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the treaty, the Portuguese were given full authority over the coastline in exchange for the promise of guarding the coast against invaders. They were allowed to establish a <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading post</a> in Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-cs1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a short time, however, they expelled the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moors" title="Sri Lankan Moors">Muslim</a> inhabitants of Colombo and began to build a <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a> in 1517. </p><p>The Portuguese soon realised that control of Sri Lanka was necessary for the protection of their coastal establishments in India, and they began to manipulate the rulers of the Kotte kingdom to gain control of the area. After skilfully exploiting rivalries within the royal family, they took control of a large area of the kingdom and the Sinhalese King Mayadunne established a new kingdom at Sitawaka, a domain in the Kotte kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-cs1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before long he annexed much of the Kotte kingdom and forced the Portuguese to retreat to Colombo, which was repeatedly besieged by Mayadunne and the later kings of Sitawaka, forcing them to seek reinforcement from their major base in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, India. Following the fall of the kingdom in 1593, the Portuguese were able to establish complete control over the coastal area, with Colombo as their capital.<sup id="cite_ref-cs1_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cs2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This part of Colombo is still known as <a href="/wiki/Fort_(Colombo)" title="Fort (Colombo)">Fort</a> and houses the presidential palace and the majority of Colombo's <a href="/wiki/Hotel_rating" title="Hotel rating">five star</a> hotels. The area immediately outside Fort is known as <a href="/wiki/Pettah,_Sri_Lanka" title="Pettah, Sri Lanka">Pettah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>: <span lang="si">පිට කොටුව</span>,<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">புறக் கோட்டை</span> <i>piṭa koṭuva</i>, "outer fort") and is a commercial hub. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_era">Dutch era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dutch era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo,_after_Kip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Colombo%2C_after_Kip.jpg/220px-Colombo%2C_after_Kip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Colombo%2C_after_Kip.jpg/330px-Colombo%2C_after_Kip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Colombo%2C_after_Kip.jpg/440px-Colombo%2C_after_Kip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>Dutch engraving of Colombo in about 1680</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1638 the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> signed a treaty with King Rajasinha II of Kandy which assured the king assistance in his war against the Portuguese in exchange for a monopoly of the island's major trade goods. The Portuguese resisted the Dutch and the Kandyans but were gradually defeated in their strongholds beginning in 1639.<sup id="cite_ref-cs4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch captured Colombo in 1656 after an epic siege, at the end of which a mere 93 Portuguese survivors were given <a href="/wiki/Safe-conduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe-conduct">safe conduct</a> out of the fort. Although the Dutch (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Rijcklof_van_Goens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijcklof van Goens">Rijcklof van Goens</a>) initially restored the captured area back to the Sinhalese kings, they later refused to turn them over and gained control over the island's richest cinnamon lands including Colombo which then served as the capital of the Dutch maritime provinces under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> until 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-cs4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cs3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_era">British era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Colombo_(Baedeker,_1914).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Map_of_Colombo_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/220px-Map_of_Colombo_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Map_of_Colombo_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Colombo_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Map_of_Colombo_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/440px-Map_of_Colombo_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="2292" /></a><figcaption>Map of Colombo, c. 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the British captured Colombo in 1796, it remained a <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British military</a> outpost until the Kandyan Kingdom was ceded to them in 1815 and they made Colombo the capital of their newly created <a href="/wiki/British_overseas_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="British overseas territories">crown colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">British Ceylon</a>. Unlike the Portuguese and Dutch before them, whose primary use of Colombo was as a military fort, the British began constructing houses and other civilian structures around the fort, giving rise to the current City of Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-HoC_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, they placed the administration of the city under a "<a href="/wiki/District_collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District collector">Collector</a>", and John Macdowell of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras</a> Service was the first to hold the office. Then, in 1833, the <a href="/wiki/Government_Agent_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Government Agent (Sri Lanka)">Government Agent</a> of the Western Province was charged with the administration of the city. Centuries of <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial rule</a> had meant a decline of indigenous administration of Colombo and in 1865 the British conceived a Municipal Council as a means of training the local population in <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Ceylon" title="Legislative Council of Ceylon">Legislative Council of Ceylon</a> constituted the Colombo Municipal Council in 1865 and the Council met for the first time on 16 January 1866. At the time, the population of the region was around 80,000.<sup id="cite_ref-HoC_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the time they were in control of Colombo, the British were responsible for much of the planning of the present city. In some parts of the city, <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> car tracks and granite flooring laid during the era are still visible today.<sup id="cite_ref-cs3_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cs5_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs5-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_independence">After independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SL_Independence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SL_Independence.jpg/220px-SL_Independence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SL_Independence.jpg/330px-SL_Independence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SL_Independence.jpg/440px-SL_Independence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>The formal ceremony marking the start of self-rule at <a href="/wiki/Independence_Square,_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Square, Colombo">Independence Square</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>This era of colonialism ended peacefully in 1948 when Ceylon gained independence from Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-PostI_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostI-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the tremendous impact this caused on the city's inhabitants and on the country as a whole, the changes that resulted at the end of the colonial period were drastic. An entire new culture took root. Changes in laws and customs, clothing styles, religions and <a href="/wiki/Proper_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper names">proper names</a> were a significant result of the colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-PostI_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostI-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These cultural changes were followed by the strengthening of the island's economy. Even today, the influence of the Portuguese, the Dutch and the British is visible in Colombo's architecture, names, clothing, food, language and attitudes. Buildings from all three eras stand as reminders of the turbulent past of Colombo. The city and its people show an interesting mix of European clothing and lifestyles together with local customs.<sup id="cite_ref-PostI_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostI-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, Colombo referred to the area around the <i><a href="/wiki/Fort_(Colombo)" title="Fort (Colombo)">Fort</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pettah_Market" title="Pettah Market">Pettah Market</a></i> which is known for the variety of products available as well as the <a href="/wiki/Khan_Clock_Tower" title="Khan Clock Tower">Khan Clock Tower</a>, a local landmark. At present, it refers to the city limits of the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Municipal_Council" title="Colombo Municipal Council">Colombo Municipal Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More often, the name is used for the <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">Conurbation</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Greater_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Colombo">Greater Colombo</a>, which encompasses several <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">Municipal councils</a> including <a href="/wiki/Kotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotte">Kotte</a>, Dehiwela and Colombo. </p><p>Although Colombo lost its status as the capital of Sri Lanka in the 1980s to Sri Jayawardanapura, it continues to be the island's commercial centre. Despite the official capital of Sri Lanka moving to the adjacent Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte, most countries still maintain their <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">diplomatic missions</a> in Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-emb1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emb1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beira_lake_at_Nite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Beira_lake_at_Nite.jpg/400px-Beira_lake_at_Nite.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Beira_lake_at_Nite.jpg/600px-Beira_lake_at_Nite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Beira_lake_at_Nite.jpg/800px-Beira_lake_at_Nite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4244" data-file-height="1865" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Beira_Lake" title="Beira Lake">Beira Lake</a> at night</figcaption></figure> <p>The geography of Colombo consists of both land and water. The city has many canals and, in the heart of the city, the 65-hectare (160-acre) <a href="/wiki/Beira_Lake" title="Beira Lake">Beira Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-limc_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-limc-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake is one of the most distinctive landmarks of Colombo and was used for centuries by colonists to defend the city.<sup id="cite_ref-limc_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-limc-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remains a tourist attraction, hosting <a href="/wiki/Regattas" class="mw-redirect" title="Regattas">regattas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater">theatrical events</a> on its shores. The northern and north-eastern border of the city of Colombo is formed by the <a href="/wiki/Kelani_River" title="Kelani River">Kelani River</a>, which meets the sea in a part of the city known as the Modera (<i>mōdara</i> in Sinhala) which means <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river delta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colombo features a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> (<i>Af</i>). Colombo's climate is hot throughout the year. From March to April the average high temperature is around 31 °C (87.8 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only major change in the Colombo weather occurs during the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> seasons from April to June and September to November, when heavy rains occur. Colombo sees little relative diurnal range of temperature, although this is more marked in the drier winter months, where minimum temperatures average 22 °C (71.6 °F). Rainfall in the city averages around 2,500 millimetres (98 in) a year.<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Colombo, Sri Lanka (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.6<br />(3.13) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.4<br />(3.05) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.7<br />(4.04) </td> <td style="background: #007E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">248.9<br />(9.80) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">313.6<br />(12.35) </td> <td style="background: #00CF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196.7<br />(7.74) </td> <td style="background: #48FF48; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.6<br />(4.83) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.5<br />(4.55) </td> <td style="background: #006700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">264.2<br />(10.40) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">359.3<br />(14.15) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">345.8<br />(13.61) </td> <td style="background: #00FF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.7<br />(6.72) </td> <td style="background: #00CE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,397<br />(94.37) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.6 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.6 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">141.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at Daytime)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.0 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">246.4 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.5 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.5 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.5 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,621.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA (humidity, sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-WMONormals_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMONormals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attractions">Attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InsideSeema.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/InsideSeema.jpg/220px-InsideSeema.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/InsideSeema.jpg/330px-InsideSeema.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/InsideSeema.jpg/440px-InsideSeema.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Seema Malakaya</i> of the Gangarama Temple in the <a href="/wiki/Beira_Lake" title="Beira Lake"><i>Beira</i> Lake</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Company_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Company Roads">Company Roads</a></i> area is one of many religious structures in Colombo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_tower_and_Beira_lake_at_night_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Lotus_tower_and_Beira_lake_at_night_2023.jpg/220px-Lotus_tower_and_Beira_lake_at_night_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Lotus_tower_and_Beira_lake_at_night_2023.jpg/330px-Lotus_tower_and_Beira_lake_at_night_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Lotus_tower_and_Beira_lake_at_night_2023.jpg/440px-Lotus_tower_and_Beira_lake_at_night_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3010" data-file-height="3763" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Tower" title="Lotus Tower">Lotus Tower</a>, The tallest building structure of the country and also the 19th tallest tower in the world</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Green" title="Galle Face Green">Galle Face Green</a> is located in the heart of the city along the Indian Ocean coast and is a destination for tourists and residents alike. The <a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Hotel" title="Galle Face Hotel">Galle Face Hotel</a> is a historic landmark on the southern edge of this promenade. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gangaramaya_Temple" title="Gangaramaya Temple">Gangaramaya Temple</a> is one of the most important temples in Colombo. The temple's architecture demonstrates an eclectic mix of Sri Lankan, Thai, Indian and Chinese architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Keells_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Keells-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Viharamahadevi_Park" title="Viharamahadevi Park">Viharamahadevi Park</a> (formerly Victoria Park) is an urban park located next to the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Colombo">National Museum of Colombo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Town_Hall,_Colombo" title="Town Hall, Colombo">Town Hall</a>. It is the oldest and largest park in Colombo and features a large Buddha statue. </p><p>As part of the Urban Regeneration Program of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Government of Sri Lanka">Government of Sri Lanka</a>, many old sites and buildings were revamped into modern public recreational spaces and shopping precincts. These include <a href="/wiki/Independence_Memorial_Hall" title="Independence Memorial Hall">Independence Memorial Hall Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pettah_Floating_Market" title="Pettah Floating Market">Pettah Floating Market</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Colombo_Dutch_Hospital" title="Old Colombo Dutch Hospital">Old Dutch Hospital</a>, among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Gray; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 687.15418461364px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 344.20225766692px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:86.074202700394px 50.904141575037px 0 0; border-top-color:Deeppink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Deeppink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 92.7307768331px 100px 0; border-right-color:Coral"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Coral"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Ethnicity in Colombo Municipality area (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Coral; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a> (36.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Deeppink; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Sri Lankan Tamils</a> (29.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moors" title="Sri Lankan Moors">Sri Lankan Moors</a> (29.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Pink; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka">Indian Tamils</a> (2.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gray; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others (5%)</div> </div> </div></div><p>Colombo is a multi-religious, multi-ethnic and multi-cultural city. The population of Colombo is a mix of numerous ethnic groups, mainly <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Moor">Sri Lankan Moor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Sri Lankan Tamils</a>, . There are also small communities of people with <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Chinese people in Sri Lanka">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Burghers" title="Portuguese Burghers">Portuguese Burgher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Burghers" title="Dutch Burghers">Dutch Burgher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Malays" title="Sri Lankan Malays">Malay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Indians in Sri Lanka">Indian</a> origins living in the city, as well as numerous European expatriates. Colombo is the most populous city in Sri Lanka, with 642,163 people living within the city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-cen01_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen01-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1866 the city had a population of around 80,000.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 5304.5364363156px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 74.59201717918px; border-left-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:71.153567720929px 70.264996979885px 0 0; border-top-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 42.529898085737px 100px 0; border-right-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Colombo Municipality area (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (31.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (31.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (22.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (14.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Other (0.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_Municipal_Council.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Colombo_Municipal_Council.JPG/250px-Colombo_Municipal_Council.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Colombo_Municipal_Council.JPG/375px-Colombo_Municipal_Council.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Colombo_Municipal_Council.JPG/500px-Colombo_Municipal_Council.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>Colombo Municipal Council</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colombo is a <a href="/wiki/Charter_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter city">charter city</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">mayor-council government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor and council members are elected through local government elections held once in five years. For the past 50 years the city had been ruled by the <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a> (UNP), a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right</a> leaning party, whose business-friendly policies resonate with the population of Colombo. However, the UNP nomination list for the 2006 Municipal elections was rejected,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an Independent Group supported by the UNP won the elections.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Uvais_Mohamed_Imitiyas" title="Uvais Mohamed Imitiyas">Uvais Mohamed Imitiyas</a> was subsequently appointed Mayor of Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city government provides sewer, road and waste management services to the residents. In the case of water, electricity and telephone utility services, the council liaises with the <a href="/wiki/National_Water_Supply_and_Drainage_Board" title="National Water Supply and Drainage Board">National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Telecommunications in Sri Lanka">telephone service providers</a> operating in the country respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_capital_status">National capital status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: National capital status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colombo was the capital of the coastal areas controlled by the Portuguese, the Dutch and the British from the 1700s to 1815 when the British gained control of the entire island following the <a href="/wiki/Kandyan_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandyan convention">Kandyan convention</a>. From then until the 1980s the national capital of the island was Colombo. </p><p>During the 1980s plans were made to move the administrative capital to <a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a> and thus move all governmental institutions out of Colombo to make way for commercial activities. As a primary step, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Parliament</a> was moved to a new complex in Kotte, with several ministries and departments also relocated. However, the move was never completed. </p><p>Today, many governmental institutions still remain in Colombo. These include the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House,_Colombo" title="President's House, Colombo">President's House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Secretariat_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)">Presidential Secretariat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_House_(Colombo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's House (Colombo)">Prime Minister's House</a> (Temple Trees), <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Colombo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's Office (Colombo)">Prime Minister's Office</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court of Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Central Bank of Sri Lanka">Central Bank of Sri Lanka</a>, important government ministries and departments; such as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_and_Planning_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance and Planning (Sri Lanka)">Finance</a> (Treasury), <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Ministry of Defence (Sri Lanka)">Defence</a>, Public Administration & Home affairs, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Foreign affairs</a>, Justice and the <a href="/wiki/Army_Headquarters_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Army Headquarters (Sri Lanka)">Military headquarters</a>, Naval headquarters (<a href="/wiki/SLNS_Parakrama" title="SLNS Parakrama">SLNS Parakrama</a>), Air Force headquarters (<a href="/wiki/SLAF_Colombo" title="SLAF Colombo">SLAF Colombo</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police" title="Sri Lanka Police">Police</a> national and field force headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suburbs_and_postal_codes">Suburbs and postal codes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Suburbs and postal codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_sunset_aerial_Pano_(29446036634).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial sunset view"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Colombo_sunset_aerial_Pano_%2829446036634%29.jpg/800px-Colombo_sunset_aerial_Pano_%2829446036634%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Colombo_sunset_aerial_Pano_%2829446036634%29.jpg/1200px-Colombo_sunset_aerial_Pano_%2829446036634%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Colombo_sunset_aerial_Pano_%2829446036634%29.jpg/1600px-Colombo_sunset_aerial_Pano_%2829446036634%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9445" data-file-height="3069" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_sunset_aerial_Pano_(29446036634).jpg" title="File:Colombo sunset aerial Pano (29446036634).jpg"> </a></div>Aerial sunset view</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_limits">City limits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: City limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bambalapitiya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bambalapitiya.jpg/220px-Bambalapitiya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bambalapitiya.jpg/330px-Bambalapitiya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bambalapitiya.jpg/440px-Bambalapitiya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Bambalapitiya area</figcaption></figure> <p>Colombo is divided into 15 numbered areas for the purposes of postal services. Within these areas are the suburbs with their corresponding post office. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ColomboMapCoolGin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ColomboMapCoolGin.png/220px-ColomboMapCoolGin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/ColomboMapCoolGin.png 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Map of Colombo showing its administrative districts.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:100px;">Postal number</td> <td>City suburb </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_(Colombo)" title="Fort (Colombo)">Fort</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slave_Island" title="Slave Island">Slave Island</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Union_Place" title="Union Place">Union Place</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kollupitiya" title="Kollupitiya">Kollupitiya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bambalapitiya" title="Bambalapitiya">Bambalapitiya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Town" title="Havelock Town">Havelock Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirulapana" title="Kirulapana">Kirulapone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirilapone_North" title="Kirilapone North">Kirulapone North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narahenpita" title="Narahenpita">Narahenpita</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wellawatte" title="Wellawatte">Wellawatte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamankada" title="Pamankada">Pamankada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_Gardens" title="Cinnamon Gardens">Cinnamon Gardens</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borella" title="Borella">Borella</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dematagoda" title="Dematagoda">Dematagoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maradana" title="Maradana">Maradana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panchikawatte" title="Panchikawatte">Panchikawatte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pettah,_Sri_Lanka" title="Pettah, Sri Lanka">Pettah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hulftsdorp" title="Hulftsdorp">Hulftsdorp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotahena" title="Kotahena">Kotahena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloemendhal" title="Bloemendhal">Bloemendhal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grandpass" title="Grandpass">Grandpass</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombo 15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modara" title="Modara">Modara/Mutwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mattakkuliya" title="Mattakkuliya">Mattakkuliya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madampitiya" title="Madampitiya">Madampitiya</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Tower_Floating_Market-Colombo_Srilanka-Andres_Larin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lotus_Tower_Floating_Market-Colombo_Srilanka-Andres_Larin.jpg/220px-Lotus_Tower_Floating_Market-Colombo_Srilanka-Andres_Larin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lotus_Tower_Floating_Market-Colombo_Srilanka-Andres_Larin.jpg/330px-Lotus_Tower_Floating_Market-Colombo_Srilanka-Andres_Larin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lotus_Tower_Floating_Market-Colombo_Srilanka-Andres_Larin.jpg/440px-Lotus_Tower_Floating_Market-Colombo_Srilanka-Andres_Larin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Colombo City is the hub of Sri Lanka's economic activity</figcaption></figure> <p>The great majority of Sri Lankan corporations have their head offices in Colombo including <a href="/wiki/Aitken_Spence" title="Aitken Spence">Aitken Spence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceylinco_Consolidated" title="Ceylinco Consolidated">Ceylinco Corporation</a>, Stassen group of companies, <a href="/wiki/John_Keells_Holdings" title="John Keells Holdings">John Keells Holdings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cargills_(Ceylon)" title="Cargills (Ceylon)">Cargills</a>, Hemas Holdings, SenzMate and Akbar Brothers. Some of the industries include chemicals, textiles, glass, cement, leather goods, furniture and jewellery. In the city centre is the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Colombo" title="World Trade Center Colombo">World Trade Centre</a>. The 40-story <a href="/wiki/Twin_Tower" title="Twin Tower">Twin Tower</a> complex is the centre of important commercial establishments, in the Fort district, the city's nerve centre. Right outside the Fort area is Pettah which is derived from the Sinhala word <i>pita</i> which means 'out' or 'outside'.<sup id="cite_ref-onlineColombo_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onlineColombo-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg/220px-LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg/330px-LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg/440px-LK-Colombo-altes-parlament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_Building,_Colombo" title="Old Parliament Building, Colombo">Old Parliament Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ceylon" title="Bank of Ceylon">Bank of Ceylon</a> building and <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Colombo" title="World Trade Center Colombo">WTC twin towers</a> in the Colombo financial district of <a href="/wiki/Fort_(Colombo)" title="Fort (Colombo)">Fort</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Colombo Metropolitan area has a GDP (PPP) of $122 billion or 40% of the GDP, making it the most important aspect of the Sri Lankan economy. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="GDP figure is unsourced. The source provided at end of the sentence (Sri Lankan Central Banks' communiqué) is outdated and does not mention the figure presented on Wikipedia, it is therefore inadequate. The latest figure I could find was 4697 Bn LKR ( approx 27Bn USD) for 2016, far from the 48Bn figure referenced by Wikipedia. https://www.cbsl.gov.lk/sites/default/files/press_20171130_Provincial_GDP_2016_e.pdf (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>The per capita income of the Colombo Metro area stood at US$8623 and purchasing power per capita of $25,117, making it one of the most prosperous regions in South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-cbsl.gov.lk_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsl.gov.lk-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Colombo Metropolitan (CM) area is the most important industrial, commercial and administrative centre in Sri Lanka. A major share of the country's export-oriented manufacturing takes place in the CM area, which is the engine of growth for Sri Lanka. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_-_Galle_Face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Colombo_-_Galle_Face.jpg/220px-Colombo_-_Galle_Face.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Colombo_-_Galle_Face.jpg/330px-Colombo_-_Galle_Face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Colombo_-_Galle_Face.jpg/440px-Colombo_-_Galle_Face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Green" title="Galle Face Green">Galle Face Green</a>, where many major events take place, is a favourite location for many. It is in close proximity to many of the major hotels. Formerly, it was the site of the city's racecourse, golf course and the cricket field</figcaption></figure><p> The Western province contributes less than 40% to the GDP and about 80% of industrial value additions although it accounts for only 5.7% of the country's geographic area and 25% of the national population. Given its importance as the primary international gateway for Sri Lanka and as the main economic driver of the country, the government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) has launched an ambitious program to transform Colombo and its area into a metropolis of international standards. Bottlenecks are preventing the Colombo metropolitan area from realizing its full economic potential. To facilitate the transformation of Colombo, the government has to address these bottlenecks which have for long been obstructing economic and physical urban regeneration.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pettah is more crowded than the Fort area. Pettah's roads are always packed and <a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">pavements</a> are full of small stalls selling items from delicious <a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">sharbat</a> to <a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">shirts</a>. Main Street consists mostly of clothes shops and the crossroads, which are known as Cross-Streets where each of the five streets specialises in a specific business. For example, First Cross Street is mostly <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronic</a> goods shops, the Second <a href="/wiki/Cellular_phones" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular phones">cellular phones</a> and fancy goods. Most of these businesses are dominated by Muslim traders. At the end of Main Street further away from Fort is Sea Street – Sri Lanka's gold market – dominated by Tamil interests. This mile-long street is full of jewellery shops,<sup id="cite_ref-onlineColombo_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onlineColombo-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the former head office of <a href="/wiki/SriLankan_Airlines" title="SriLankan Airlines">SriLankan Airlines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_enforcement_and_crime">Law enforcement and crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Law enforcement and crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg/220px-Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg/330px-Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg/440px-Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court of Sri Lanka</a> is located in Colombo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police" title="Sri Lanka Police">Sri Lanka Police</a>, the main law enforcement agency of the island, liaise with the municipal council but is under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Ministry of Defence (Sri Lanka)">Ministry of Defence</a> of the central government.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Policing in Colombo and its suburbs falls within the <i>Metropolitan Range</i> headed by the Deputy Inspector General of Police (Metropolitan), this also includes the Colombo Crime Division.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with most Sri Lankan cities, the magistrate court handles felony crimes while the district court handles civil cases. </p><p>As in other large cities around the world, Colombo experiences certain levels of <a href="/wiki/Street_crime" title="Street crime">street crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a>. Indeed, the corruption extends to the very top, US reports show. In addition, in the period from the 1980s to 2009, there have been a number of major terrorist attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="LTTE">LTTE</a> has been linked to most of the bombings and assassinations in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Welikada_Prison" title="Welikada Prison">Welikada Prison</a> is situated in Colombo and it is one of the largest maximum-security prisons in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_Port_City_seem_from_galle_road..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colombo_Port_City_seem_from_galle_road..jpg/220px-Colombo_Port_City_seem_from_galle_road..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colombo_Port_City_seem_from_galle_road..jpg/330px-Colombo_Port_City_seem_from_galle_road..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colombo_Port_City_seem_from_galle_road..jpg/440px-Colombo_Port_City_seem_from_galle_road..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Colombo Galle face road in the evening </figcaption></figure> <p>Colombo has most of the amenities that a modern city has. Compared to other parts of the country, Colombo has the highest degree of infrastructure. Electricity, water and transport to street lights and phone booths are to a considerably good standard. Apart from that, many luxurious hotels, clubs and restaurants are in the city. In recent times there has been an outpour of <a href="/wiki/High-rise" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise">high-rise</a> condominiums, mainly due to the very high land prices.<sup id="cite_ref-Lanka-houses_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanka-houses-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harbour">Harbour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Harbour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ColomboHarbour-SriLanka02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ColomboHarbour-SriLanka02.jpg/220px-ColomboHarbour-SriLanka02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ColomboHarbour-SriLanka02.jpg/330px-ColomboHarbour-SriLanka02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ColomboHarbour-SriLanka02.jpg/440px-ColomboHarbour-SriLanka02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Container handling at Colombo Port.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Colombo" title="Port of Colombo">Colombo Harbour</a> is the largest and one of the busiest <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">ports</a> in Sri Lanka. Colombo was established primarily as a port city during the colonial era, with an artificial harbour that has been expanded over the years. The <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Navy" title="Sri Lanka Navy">Sri Lanka Navy</a> maintains a <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a>, <i>SLNS Rangalla</i>, within the harbour. </p><p>The Port of Colombo handled 3.75 million <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">twenty-foot equivalent units</a> in 2008, 10.6% up on 2007 (which itself was 9.7% up on 2006), bucking the global economic trend. Of those, 817,000 were local shipments with the rest transshipments. With a capacity of 5.7 million TEUs and a dredged depth of over 15 m (49 ft), the Colombo Harbour is one of the busiest ports in the world and ranks among the top 25 ports (23rd). Sri Lanka's Port of Colombo is said to be the busiest, largest port in the Indian Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colombo is part of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Maritime_Silk_Road" title="21st Century Maritime Silk Road">21st Century Maritime Silk Road</a> that runs from the Chinese coast to the Upper Adriatic region with its rail connections to <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colombo has an extensive public transport system based on buses operated both by private operators and the government-owned <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Transport_Board" title="Sri Lanka Transport Board">Sri Lanka Transport Board (SLTB)</a>. The three primary bus terminals – Bastian Mawatha, Central and the Gunasinghapura Bus Terminals – are in Pettah.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bastian Mawatha handles long-distance services whereas Gunasinghapura and Central handle local services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Train_track_on_the_beach_in_Colombo_(16779050855).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Train_track_on_the_beach_in_Colombo_%2816779050855%29.jpg/220px-Train_track_on_the_beach_in_Colombo_%2816779050855%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Train_track_on_the_beach_in_Colombo_%2816779050855%29.jpg/330px-Train_track_on_the_beach_in_Colombo_%2816779050855%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Train_track_on_the_beach_in_Colombo_%2816779050855%29.jpg/440px-Train_track_on_the_beach_in_Colombo_%2816779050855%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Commuter rail within the city</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Railways" title="Sri Lanka Railways">Sri Lanka Railways</a></div> <p>Train transport <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Railways#Commuter_Rail" title="Sri Lanka Railways">in the city</a> is limited since most trains are meant for transport to and from the city rather than within it and are often overcrowded. However, the Central Bus Stand and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Railway_Station_(Colombo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Railway Station (Colombo)">Fort Railway Station</a> function as the island's primary hub for bus and rail transport respectively. Up until the 1970s, the city had <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> services, which were discontinued. Other means of transport include <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaws" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto rickshaws">auto rickshaws</a> (commonly called "three-wheelers") and <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxicabs</a>. Three-wheelers are entirely operated by individuals and hardly regulated whilst cab services are run by private companies and are metered. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Main_Line_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Main Line (Sri Lanka)">Main Line</a></b> – Colombo Fort to Veyangoda; onwards to <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badulla" title="Badulla">Badulla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matale" title="Matale">Matale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurunegala" title="Kurunegala">Kurunegala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kankesanturai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankesanturai">Kankesanturai</a>. <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee_railway_station" title="Trincomalee railway station">Trincomalee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa_railway_station" title="Batticaloa railway station">Batticaloa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talaimannar" title="Talaimannar">Talaimannar</a> (presently just <a href="/wiki/Mannar_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannar Line">Madhu Road</a>).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Line_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Line (Sri Lanka)">Coastal Line</a></b> – Colombo to <a href="/wiki/Panadura" title="Panadura">Panadura</a>; onwards to <a href="/wiki/Galle" title="Galle">Galle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matara,_Sri_Lanka" title="Matara, Sri Lanka">Matara</a> and Beliaththa.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Puttalam_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Puttalam Line">Puttalam Line</a></b> – Colombo to <a href="/wiki/Ja-Ela" title="Ja-Ela">Ja-Ela</a>; onwards to <a href="/wiki/Negombo" title="Negombo">Negombo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puttalam" title="Puttalam">Puttalam</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kelani_Valley_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelani Valley Line">Kelani Valley Line</a></b> – Colombo to <a href="/wiki/Avissawella" title="Avissawella">Avissawella</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads">Roads</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Post-war development in the Colombo area also involves the construction of numerous expressway grade arterial road routes. The first of these constructed is the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Expressway_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Expressway (Sri Lanka)">Southern Expressway</a>, which goes from <a href="/wiki/Kottawa" title="Kottawa">Kottawa</a>, a southern suburb of Colombo, to <a href="/wiki/Matara,_Sri_Lanka" title="Matara, Sri Lanka">Matara</a> City in the south of the country. Expressways constructed in the Colombo metropolitan area include the <a href="/wiki/Colombo%E2%80%93Katunayake_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo–Katunayake Expressway">Colombo–Katunayake Expressway</a>, which was opened in October 2013 and the Colombo orbital bypass Outer Circular Highway (<a href="/wiki/Outer_Circular_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer Circular Highway">Arthur C. Clarke Expressway</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Colombo-Katunayake_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo-Katunayake Expressway">Colombo-Katunayake Expressway</a> (E03) runs from <a href="/wiki/Peliyagoda" title="Peliyagoda">Peliyagoda</a>, a northern suburb of Colombo, to <a href="/wiki/Colombo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo International Airport">Colombo International Airport</a> and it is linked with one of the major commercial hubs and a major tourist destination of the country, the city of <a href="/wiki/Negombo" title="Negombo">Negombo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A1_highway_(Sri_Lanka)" title="A1 highway (Sri Lanka)">A1 highway</a> connects Colombo with <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A2_highway_(Sri_Lanka)" title="A2 highway (Sri Lanka)">A2 highway</a> connects Colombo with <a href="/wiki/Galle" title="Galle">Galle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matara,_Sri_Lanka" title="Matara, Sri Lanka">Matara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A3_highway_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="A3 highway (Sri Lanka)">A3 highway</a> connects Colombo with <a href="/wiki/Negombo" title="Negombo">Negombo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puttalam" title="Puttalam">Puttalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A4_highway_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="A4 highway (Sri Lanka)">A4 highway</a> connects Colombo with <a href="/wiki/Ratnapura" title="Ratnapura">Ratnapura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ferry">Ferry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An international ferry liner, the <a href="/wiki/Scotia_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotia Prince">Scotia Prince</a>, is conducting a ferry service to <a href="/wiki/Tuticorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuticorin">Tuticorin</a>, India. Ferry services between the two countries have been revived after more than 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air">Air</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_Airport_Ratmalana_Landside_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Colombo_Airport_Ratmalana_Landside_View.jpg/220px-Colombo_Airport_Ratmalana_Landside_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Colombo_Airport_Ratmalana_Landside_View.jpg/330px-Colombo_Airport_Ratmalana_Landside_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Colombo_Airport_Ratmalana_Landside_View.jpg/440px-Colombo_Airport_Ratmalana_Landside_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>Ratmalana Airport</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ratmalana_Airport" title="Ratmalana Airport">Ratmalana Airport</a> is the city's airport, located 15 km (9.3 mi) south of the city centre. It commenced operating in 1935 and was the country's first international airport until it was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandaranaike Airport">Bandaranaike Airport</a> in 1967. Ratmalana Airport now primarily services domestic flights, aviation training and international corporate flights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_Skyline_Jan_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Colombo_Skyline_Jan_2022.jpg/220px-Colombo_Skyline_Jan_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Colombo_Skyline_Jan_2022.jpg/330px-Colombo_Skyline_Jan_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Colombo_Skyline_Jan_2022.jpg/440px-Colombo_Skyline_Jan_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>Colombo Skyline – 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The two <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Colombo" title="World Trade Center Colombo">World Trade Centre</a> towers used to be the most recognised landmarks of the city. Before they were completed in 1997, the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ceylon" title="Bank of Ceylon">Bank of Ceylon</a> tower was the tallest structure and the most prominent city landmark. Before the skyscrapers were built, the Old Parliament Building that stood in the Fort district with the <a href="/wiki/Old_Colombo_Lighthouse" title="Old Colombo Lighthouse">Old Colombo Lighthouse</a> close to it used to be the tallest building. Another important landmark is the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Commemoration_Hall_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Commemoration Hall (Sri Lanka)">Independence Hall</a> at Independence Square in Cinnamon Gardens. </p><p>Another landmark is St.Paul's Church <a href="/wiki/Milagiriya" title="Milagiriya">Milagiriya</a>, one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a> in Sri Lanka, first built by the Portuguese and rebuilt by the British in 1848. The Cargills & Millers building in Fort is also a protected building of historical significance. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">Cannons</a> that were once mounted on the rampart of the old fort of Colombo were laid out for observance and prestige at the Green. The colonial styled <a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Hotel" title="Galle Face Hotel">Galle Face Hotel</a>, known as Asia's Emerald on the Green since 1864, is adjacent to Galle Face Green. The hotel has played host to guests such as the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">British Royal Family</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royal</a> guests and celebrities. After a stay at the hotel, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_Countess_of_Frederiksborg" title="Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg">Princess Alexandra</a> of Denmark commented that "the peacefulness and generosity encountered at the <a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Hotel" title="Galle Face Hotel">Galle Face Hotel</a> cannot be matched."<sup id="cite_ref-Galleface_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galleface-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also facing Galle Face Green is the <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Inter-Continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon Inter-Continental">Ceylon Inter-Continental</a> Hotel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg/220px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg/330px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg/440px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal College Colombo">Royal College Colombo</a>, the oldest public school in the city.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Education in Sri Lanka">Education in Sri Lanka</a></div> <p>Education institutions in Colombo have a long history. Colombo has many of the prominent <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (UK)">public schools</a> in the country, some of them government-owned and others private. Most of the prominent schools in the city date back to the 1800s when they were established during the British colonial rule,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal College Colombo">Royal College Colombo</a> established in 1835. Certain urban schools of Sri Lanka have some religious alignment; this is partly due to the influence of the British, who established Christian missionary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-edu_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edu-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-edu2_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edu2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_College_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Bishop's College (Sri Lanka)">Bishop's College</a>(1875); the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_College_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesley College Colombo">Wesley College Colombo</a> (1874); the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ananda_College" title="Ananda College">Ananda College</a> (1886); the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zahira_College,_Colombo" title="Zahira College, Colombo">Zahira College</a> (1892); the <a href="/wiki/St._Benedict%27s_College,_Colombo" title="St. Benedict's College, Colombo">St. Benedict's College, Colombo</a> (1985), the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_College,_Colombo" title="St. Joseph's College, Colombo">St. Joseph's College</a> (1896). The religious alignments do not affect the curriculum of the school except for the demographics of the student population.<sup id="cite_ref-edu_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edu-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The secular schools <a href="/wiki/D._S._Senanayake_College" title="D. S. Senanayake College">D. S. Senanayake College</a> (1967) and <a href="/wiki/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike_Vidyalaya" title="Sirimavo Bandaranaike Vidyalaya">Sirimavo Bandaranaike Vidyalaya</a> (1973) have been established in the post independence era. Colombo has many International Schools that have come up in recent years. </p><p>Higher education in the city has a long history, beginning with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo Medical School">Colombo Medical School</a> (1870), the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Law_College" title="Sri Lanka Law College">Colombo Law College</a> (1875), the School of Agriculture (1884) and the Government Technical College (1893). The first step in the creation of a university in Colombo was taken in 1913 with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/University_College_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="University College Colombo">University College Colombo</a> which prepared students for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London_External_System" class="mw-redirect" title="University of London External System">external examinations</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>. This was followed by the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ceylon" title="University of Ceylon">University of Ceylon</a> in Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-cmb.ac.lk_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmb.ac.lk-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colombo" title="University of Colombo">University of Colombo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Visual_%26_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Visual & Performing Arts">University of the Visual & Performing Arts</a> are state universities in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Institute_of_Information_Technology" title="Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology">Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology</a> has a metropolitan campus in the city centre. There are several private higher education institutions in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Red_Mosque.jpg/220px-Red_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Red_Mosque.jpg/330px-Red_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Red_Mosque.jpg/440px-Red_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>The Red Mosque</figcaption></figure> <p>Colombo has widely varying architecture that spans centuries and depicts many styles. <a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture" title="Colonial architecture">Colonial</a> buildings influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Portugal">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Architecture of the Netherlands">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Architecture of the United Kingdom">British</a> exist alongside structures built in <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_architecture" title="Buddhist architecture">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_architecture" title="Hindu architecture">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a> architectural styles. No other place is this more evident than in the Fort area. Here, one may find new, towering skyscrapers as well as historic buildings dating far back as the 1700s.<sup id="cite_ref-oldCMB1_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldCMB1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oldCMB2_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldCMB2-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombo_Fort">Colombo Fort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Colombo Fort"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Portuguese were the first colonists to settle in Colombo. Establishing a small trading post, they had laid the foundations for a small fort which in time became the largest colonial fort on the island. The Dutch expanded the fort, thus creating a well fortified harbour. This came into the possession of the British in the late 1700s, and by the late 19th century, seeing no threat to the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo Harbour">Colombo Harbour</a>, began demolishing the ramparts to make way for the development of the city. Although now there is nothing left of the fortifications, the area which was once the fort is still referred to as Fort. The area outside is <a href="/wiki/Pettah,_Sri_Lanka" title="Pettah, Sri Lanka">Pettah, Sri Lanka</a> or <span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">පිටකොටුව</span></span> <i>Pitakotuwa</i> in Sinhala which means outer fort.<sup id="cite_ref-oldCMB1_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldCMB1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oldCMB2_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldCMB2-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voclogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Voclogo.jpg/220px-Voclogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Voclogo.jpg/330px-Voclogo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Voclogo.jpg/440px-Voclogo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption> The VOC (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie) logo of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> on the gates of <a href="/wiki/Wolvendaal_Church" title="Wolvendaal Church">Wolvendaal Church</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch-era_buildings">Dutch-era buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Dutch-era buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are none of the buildings of the Portuguese era and only a few from the Dutch period. These include the oldest building in the fort area, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Colombo_Dutch_Hospital" title="Old Colombo Dutch Hospital">former Dutch Hospital</a>, the Dutch House which is now the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Dutch_Museum" title="Colombo Dutch Museum">Colombo Dutch Museum</a> and several churches. The <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House,_Colombo" title="President's House, Colombo">President's House</a> (formerly the Queen's House) was originally the Dutch governor's house and successive British governors made it their office and residence. However, it has undergone much change since the Dutch period. Adjoining the President's House are the Gordon Gardens, now off-limits to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-oldCMB1_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldCMB1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oldCMB2_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldCMB2-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British-era_buildings">British-era buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: British-era buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the old buildings of the fort area and in other parts of the city date back to British times; these include governmental, commercial buildings, and private houses. Some of the notable government building of British colonial architecture includes the old Parliament building, which is now the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Secretariat_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)">Presidential Secretariat</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Republic_Building,_Colombo" title="Republic Building, Colombo">Republic Building</a>, which houses the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Ministry of Foreign affairs</a> but once housed the Ceylon Legislative council; the <a href="/wiki/General_Treasury_Building" title="General Treasury Building">General Treasury Building</a>; the old <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office,_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="General Post Office, Colombo">General Post Office</a>, an Edwardian-style building opposite the President's House; the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Colombo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's Office (Colombo)">Prime Minister's Office</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Central_Telegraph_Office,_Colombo" title="Central Telegraph Office, Colombo">Central Telegraph Office</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Royal_College_Building,_Colombo" title="Old Royal College Building, Colombo">Mathematics department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colombo" title="University of Colombo">University of Colombo</a> (formally the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College,_Colombo" title="Royal College, Colombo">Royal College, Colombo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-cmb.ac.lk_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmb.ac.lk-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable commercial buildings of the British era include the <a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Hotel" title="Galle Face Hotel">Galle Face Hotel</a>, Cargills and Millers' complex, and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Oriental_Hotel" title="Grand Oriental Hotel">Grand Oriental Hotel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oldCMB1_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldCMB1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oldCMB2_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldCMB2-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img25_Cargills_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The historical Cargills & Millers building continues as the headquarters of Cargills"><img alt="The historical Cargills & Millers building continues as the headquarters of Cargills" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img25_Cargills_Building.jpg/250px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img25_Cargills_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img25_Cargills_Building.jpg/375px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img25_Cargills_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img25_Cargills_Building.jpg/500px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img25_Cargills_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7366" data-file-height="3683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The historical Cargills & Millers building continues as the headquarters of Cargills</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Parliament_Building,_Colombo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Old Parliament Building near the Galle Face Green, now the Presidential Secretariat"><img alt="The Old Parliament Building near the Galle Face Green, now the Presidential Secretariat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Old_Parliament_Building%2C_Colombo.JPG/250px-Old_Parliament_Building%2C_Colombo.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Old_Parliament_Building%2C_Colombo.JPG/375px-Old_Parliament_Building%2C_Colombo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Old_Parliament_Building%2C_Colombo.JPG/500px-Old_Parliament_Building%2C_Colombo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4965" data-file-height="3310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_Building,_Colombo" title="Old Parliament Building, Colombo">Old Parliament Building</a> near the Galle Face Green, now the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Secretariat_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)">Presidential Secretariat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img10_National_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Neoclassical style Colombo National Museum"><img alt="The Neoclassical style Colombo National Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img10_National_Museum.jpg/250px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img10_National_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img10_National_Museum.jpg/375px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img10_National_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img10_National_Museum.jpg/500px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img10_National_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7508" data-file-height="4223" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical style</a> <a href="/wiki/Colombo_National_Museum" title="Colombo National Museum">Colombo National Museum</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annual_cultural_events_and_fairs">Annual cultural events and fairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Annual cultural events and fairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesak_in_SriLanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vesak_in_SriLanka.jpg/220px-Vesak_in_SriLanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vesak_in_SriLanka.jpg/330px-Vesak_in_SriLanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vesak_in_SriLanka.jpg/440px-Vesak_in_SriLanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>Vesak Thorana in Colombo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christmas1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Christmas1.JPG/220px-Christmas1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Christmas1.JPG/330px-Christmas1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Christmas1.JPG/440px-Christmas1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Christmas Celebrations in Colombo</figcaption></figure> <p>Colombo's most popular festival is the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a>'s birth, enlightenment and death all falling on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-vesak_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vesak-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sinhala this is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-vesak_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vesak-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this festival, much of the city is decorated with lanterns, lights and special displays of light (known as <i>thoran</i>). The festival falls in mid-May and lasts a week. Many Sri Lankans visit the city to see the lantern competitions and decorations. During this week people distribute, rice, drinks and other food items for free in <i>dunsal</i> which means charity place. These <i>dunsal</i> are popular amongst visitors from the suburbs. </p><p>Since there is a large number of Muslims in Colombo. Eid Ul Fitr and Eid Ul Adha are two Islamic festivals that are celebrated in Colombo. Many businesses flourish during the eventual countdown for Eid Ul Fitr which is a major Islamic festival celebrated by Muslims after a month-long fasting. Colombo is generally very busy on the eve of the festivals as people do their last-minute shopping. </p><p>Christmas is another major festival. Although Sri Lanka's Christians make up only just over 7% of the population, Christmas is one of the island's biggest festivals. Most streets and commercial buildings light up from the beginning of December and festive sales begin at all shopping centres and department stores. Caroling and nativity plays are frequent sights during the season. </p><p>The Sinhalese and Hindu Aluth Awurudda' is a cultural event that takes place on 13 and 14 April. This is the celebration of the Sinhalese and Hindu new year. The festivities include many events and traditions that display a great deal of Sri Lankan culture. Several old clubs of the city give a glimpse of the British equestrian lifestyle; these include the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Club" title="Colombo Club">Colombo Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orient_Club" title="Orient Club">Orient Club</a>, the 80 Club, and the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Cricket_Club" title="Colombo Cricket Club">Colombo Cricket Club</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_landmark_Nelum_Pokuna_(Lotus_Pond)_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/The_landmark_Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG/223px-The_landmark_Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG" decoding="async" width="223" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/The_landmark_Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG/335px-The_landmark_Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/The_landmark_Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG/446px-The_landmark_Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nelum_Pokuna_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre" title="Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre">Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre</a> is a major venue for the performing arts</figcaption></figure> <p>Colombo has several <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a> centres, which are popular for their musical and theatrical performances, including the <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Wendt_Art_Centre" title="Lionel Wendt Art Centre">Lionel Wendt Theatre</a>, the Elphinstone, and Tower Hall, all of which were made for western-style productions. The <a href="/wiki/Navarangahala" title="Navarangahala">Navarangahala</a> found in the city is the country's first <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">national</a> <a href="/wiki/Theatre_(structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre (structure)">theatre</a> designed and built for Asian and local style musical and theatrical productions. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nelum_Pokuna_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre" title="Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre">Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre</a> is a world-class theatre that opened in December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Pokuna_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pokuna-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed in the form of the Lotus Pond in <a href="/wiki/Polonnaruwa" title="Polonnaruwa">Polonnaruwa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Treasure_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treasure-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="source claims to repeat info from the theatre's website, but that info does not appear to be on theatre's website (February 2016)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the theatre is a major theatre destination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_art_collections">Museums and art collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Museums and art collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Colombo_National_Museum" title="Colombo National Museum">National Museum of Colombo</a>, established on 1 January 1877 during the tenure of the British Colonial Governor <a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Gregory" title="William Henry Gregory">William Henry Gregory</a>, is in the Cinnamon Gardens area.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum houses the <a href="/wiki/Crown_jewels" title="Crown jewels">crown jewels</a> and throne of the last king of the kingdom of Kandy, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Vikrama_Rajasinha" title="Sri Vikrama Rajasinha">Sri Vikrama Rajasinha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Dutch_Museum" title="Colombo Dutch Museum">Colombo Dutch Museum</a> detailing the Dutch colonial history of the country. Colombo does not boast a very big art gallery. There is a small collection of random Sri Lankan paintings at the Art Gallery in Green Path; next to it is the Natural History Museum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_Racecourse_ground,_Sri_Lanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Colombo_Racecourse_ground%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/220px-Colombo_Racecourse_ground%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Colombo_Racecourse_ground%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/330px-Colombo_Racecourse_ground%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Colombo_Racecourse_ground%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/440px-Colombo_Racecourse_ground%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Colombo Racecourse ground</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most popular sports in Sri Lanka is <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>. The country emerged as champions of the 1996 <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a> and became runners up in 2007 and 2011. In the <a href="/wiki/ICC_World_Twenty20" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC World Twenty20">ICC World Twenty20</a> they became runners up in 2009 and 2012 and winners in 2014. The sport is played in parks, playgrounds, beaches and even in the streets. Colombo is the home for two of the country's most popular <a href="/wiki/International_structure_of_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="International structure of cricket">international cricket</a> stadiums, <a href="/wiki/Singhalese_Sports_Club" title="Singhalese Sports Club">Singhalese Sports Club</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cricket_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricket Stadium">Cricket Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/R._Premadasa_Stadium" title="R. Premadasa Stadium">R. Premadasa Stadium</a> (named after late president <a href="/wiki/Premadasa" title="Premadasa">Premadasa</a>). <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo Stars">Colombo Stars</a> represents the city in <a href="/wiki/Lanka_Premier_League" title="Lanka Premier League">Lanka Premier League</a>. </p><p>Colombo has the distinction of being the only city in the world to have four cricket test venues in the past: <a href="/wiki/Paikiasothy_Saravanamuttu_Stadium" title="Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium">Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singhalese_Sports_Club_Cricket_Ground" title="Singhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground">Singhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Cricket_Club_Ground" title="Colombo Cricket Club Ground">Colombo Cricket Club Ground</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranasinghe_Premadasa_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranasinghe Premadasa Stadium">Ranasinghe Premadasa Stadium</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sugathadasa_Stadium" title="Sugathadasa Stadium">Sugathadasa Stadium</a> is an international standard stadium for <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">athletics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">football</a>, also held the <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Games" title="South Asian Games">South Asian Games</a> in 1991 and 2006. Situated in Colombo the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Colombo_Golf_Club" title="Royal Colombo Golf Club">Royal Colombo Golf Club</a> is one of the oldest in Asia. Other sporting clubs in Colombo include <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Swimming_Club" title="Colombo Swimming Club">Colombo Swimming Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Rowing_Club" title="Colombo Rowing Club">Colombo Rowing Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yachting_Association_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Yachting Association of Sri Lanka">Yachting Association of Sri Lanka</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby</a> is also a popular sport at the club and school levels. Colombo has its local football team <a href="/wiki/Colombo_FC" title="Colombo FC">Colombo FC</a> and the sport is being developed as a part of the FIFA Goal program. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Port_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo Port City">Colombo Port City</a> is to include a new Formula One track, constructed in the vicinity of the Colombo Harbour. According to Dr Priyath Wickrama, the Chairman of the Sri Lanka Ports Authority, an eight-lane F1 track will "definitely" be a part of the New Port City. This would host the Sri Lankan Grand Prix. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Marathon" title="Colombo Marathon">Colombo Marathon</a> is an internationally recognised <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a> established in 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Television in Sri Lanka">Television in Sri Lanka</a></div> <p>Almost all major media businesses in Sri Lanka operate from Colombo. The state media has its offices in Bullers Road and carries out regional transmissions from there. These include the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation</a> (SLBC), formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Radio_Ceylon" title="Radio Ceylon">Radio Ceylon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Rupavahini_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation">Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation</a>. The SLBC is the oldest radio station in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and the second oldest in the world. Many private broadcasting companies have their offices and transmission stations in or around Colombo. As with most metro areas, radio bands are highly utilised for radio communications. Some of the prominent radio stations broadcasting in the Colombo area are <a href="/wiki/Sirasa_FM" title="Sirasa FM">Sirasa FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/FM_Derana" title="FM Derana">FM Derana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiru_FM" title="Hiru FM">Hiru FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shakthi_FM" title="Shakthi FM">Shakthi FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vettri_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Vettri FM">Vettri FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sooriyan_FM" title="Sooriyan FM">Sooriyan FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiss_FM_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Kiss FM (Sri Lanka)">Kiss FM</a>, Lite FM, <a href="/wiki/Yes_FM" title="Yes FM">Yes FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold_FM_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Gold FM (Sri Lanka)">Gold FM</a>, Sith FM, Y FM, E FM and many more. </p><p>Television networks operating in the Colombo metro area include the state-owned television broadcasting networks which are broadcast by the Rupavahini Corporation of Sri Lanka, broadcasting television in the official languages Sinhala and Tamil. English language television is also broadcast, more targeted to the demographics of the English speaking Sri Lankans, expatriate communities and tourists. There are as well several private operators. Many of the privately run television station networks were often based upon operational expansions of pre-existing commercial radio networks and broadcast infrastructure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>City </th> <th>State / Region </th> <th>Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Biratnagar" title="Biratnagar">Biratnagar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morang_District" title="Morang District">Morang District</a> </td> <td>1874 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a> </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaafu_Atoll" title="Kaafu Atoll">Kaafu Atoll</a> </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maroshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroshi">Maroshi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaviyani_Atoll" title="Shaviyani Atoll">Shaviyani Atoll</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Colombo" title="Category:People from Colombo">Category:People from Colombo</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img01_Wolvendaal_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colombo's colonial heritage is visible throughout the city, as in the historical Wolvendaal Church, established by the Dutch in 1749"><img alt="Colombo's colonial heritage is visible throughout the city, as in the historical Wolvendaal Church, established by the Dutch in 1749" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img01_Wolvendaal_Church.jpg/120px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img01_Wolvendaal_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img01_Wolvendaal_Church.jpg/180px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img01_Wolvendaal_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img01_Wolvendaal_Church.jpg/240px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img01_Wolvendaal_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5894" data-file-height="3684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Colombo's colonial heritage is visible throughout the city, as in the historical <a href="/wiki/Wolvendaal_Church" title="Wolvendaal Church">Wolvendaal Church</a>, established by the Dutch in 1749</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelum_Pokuna_(Lotus_Pond)_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Nelum Pokuna Theatre at night"><img alt="The Nelum Pokuna Theatre at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG/120px-Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG/180px-Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG/240px-Nelum_Pokuna_%28Lotus_Pond%29_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Nelum_Pokuna_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelum Pokuna Theatre">Nelum Pokuna Theatre</a> at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_Town_Hall_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Town Hall of Colombo at night, it is the headquarters of the Colombo Municipal Council and the office of the Mayor of Colombo"><img alt="The Town Hall of Colombo at night, it is the headquarters of the Colombo Municipal Council and the office of the Mayor of Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Colombo_Town_Hall_1.JPG/120px-Colombo_Town_Hall_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Colombo_Town_Hall_1.JPG/180px-Colombo_Town_Hall_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Colombo_Town_Hall_1.JPG/240px-Colombo_Town_Hall_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Town_Hall_of_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Hall of Colombo">Town Hall of Colombo</a> at night, it is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Municipal_Council" title="Colombo Municipal Council">Colombo Municipal Council</a> and the office of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Colombo" title="Mayor of Colombo">Mayor of Colombo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Lucia%27s_Cathedral,_Colombo,_Sri_Lanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Lucia's Cathedral, the seat of the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Colombo"><img alt="St. Lucia's Cathedral, the seat of the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/St._Lucia%27s_Cathedral%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/120px-St._Lucia%27s_Cathedral%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/St._Lucia%27s_Cathedral%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/180px-St._Lucia%27s_Cathedral%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/St._Lucia%27s_Cathedral%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/240px-St._Lucia%27s_Cathedral%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="1476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._Lucia%27s_Cathedral" title="St. Lucia's Cathedral">St. Lucia's Cathedral</a>, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Colombo" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Colombo">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Colombo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beira_Lake_and_Gangaramaya_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beira Lake and southern side of the Gangaramaya Temple"><img alt="Beira Lake and southern side of the Gangaramaya Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beira_Lake_and_Gangaramaya_Temple.jpg/120px-Beira_Lake_and_Gangaramaya_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beira_Lake_and_Gangaramaya_Temple.jpg/180px-Beira_Lake_and_Gangaramaya_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beira_Lake_and_Gangaramaya_Temple.jpg/240px-Beira_Lake_and_Gangaramaya_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Beira_Lake" title="Beira Lake">Beira Lake</a> and southern side of the <a href="/wiki/Gangaramaya_Temple" title="Gangaramaya Temple">Gangaramaya Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img22_Jami_Ul-Alfar_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jami Ul-Alfar Mosque is one of the oldest Mosques in Colombo"><img alt="The Jami Ul-Alfar Mosque is one of the oldest Mosques in Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img22_Jami_Ul-Alfar_Mosque.jpg/120px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img22_Jami_Ul-Alfar_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img22_Jami_Ul-Alfar_Mosque.jpg/180px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img22_Jami_Ul-Alfar_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img22_Jami_Ul-Alfar_Mosque.jpg/240px-SL_Colombo_asv2020-01_img22_Jami_Ul-Alfar_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5055" data-file-height="5055" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Jami_Ul-Alfar_Mosque" title="Jami Ul-Alfar Mosque">Jami Ul-Alfar Mosque</a> is one of the oldest Mosques in Colombo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AngCatSL.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of Christ the Living Saviour is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Colombo"><img alt="Cathedral of Christ the Living Saviour is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AngCatSL.JPG/120px-AngCatSL.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AngCatSL.JPG/180px-AngCatSL.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AngCatSL.JPG/240px-AngCatSL.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Living_Saviour" title="Cathedral of Christ the Living Saviour">Cathedral of Christ the Living Saviour</a> is the seat of the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Colombo" title="Bishop of Colombo">Bishop of Colombo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHstatue22.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The statue of Sir Charles Henry de Soysa at De Soysa-Liptons Circus, is the first of a native, in Colombo.[78]"><img alt="The statue of Sir Charles Henry de Soysa at De Soysa-Liptons Circus, is the first of a native, in Colombo.[78]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/CHstatue22.JPG/79px-CHstatue22.JPG" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/CHstatue22.JPG/119px-CHstatue22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/CHstatue22.JPG/159px-CHstatue22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The statue of Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_de_Soysa" title="Charles Henry de Soysa">Charles Henry de Soysa</a> at De Soysa-Liptons Circus, is the first of a native, in Colombo.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viharamahadevi_Park_incl._Town_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Viharamahadevi Park, (formerly Victoria Park) is the oldest and largest park in Colombo"><img alt="The Viharamahadevi Park, (formerly Victoria Park) is the oldest and largest park in Colombo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Viharamahadevi_Park_incl._Town_Hall.jpg/120px-Viharamahadevi_Park_incl._Town_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Viharamahadevi_Park_incl._Town_Hall.jpg/180px-Viharamahadevi_Park_incl._Town_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Viharamahadevi_Park_incl._Town_Hall.jpg/240px-Viharamahadevi_Park_incl._Town_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4344" data-file-height="2890" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Viharamahadevi_Park" title="Viharamahadevi Park">Viharamahadevi Park</a>, (formerly Victoria Park) is the oldest and largest park in Colombo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LK-colombo-uhrturm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Built in 1857, the Old Colombo Lighthouse also known as the Colombo Fort Clock Tower is the oldest clock-tower"><img alt="Built in 1857, the Old Colombo Lighthouse also known as the Colombo Fort Clock Tower is the oldest clock-tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/LK-colombo-uhrturm.jpg/79px-LK-colombo-uhrturm.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/LK-colombo-uhrturm.jpg/119px-LK-colombo-uhrturm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/LK-colombo-uhrturm.jpg/159px-LK-colombo-uhrturm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Built in 1857, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Colombo_Lighthouse" title="Old Colombo Lighthouse">Old Colombo Lighthouse</a> also known as the Colombo Fort Clock Tower is the oldest clock-tower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20160122_Sri_Lanka_3645_Colombo_sRGB_(25144304823).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The BMICH Conference Hall"><img alt="The BMICH Conference Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/20160122_Sri_Lanka_3645_Colombo_sRGB_%2825144304823%29.jpg/120px-20160122_Sri_Lanka_3645_Colombo_sRGB_%2825144304823%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/20160122_Sri_Lanka_3645_Colombo_sRGB_%2825144304823%29.jpg/180px-20160122_Sri_Lanka_3645_Colombo_sRGB_%2825144304823%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/20160122_Sri_Lanka_3645_Colombo_sRGB_%2825144304823%29.jpg/240px-20160122_Sri_Lanka_3645_Colombo_sRGB_%2825144304823%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/BMICH" class="mw-redirect" title="BMICH">BMICH</a> Conference Hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Colombo_galle_face.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceylon bank headquarters and world trade center."><img alt="Ceylon bank headquarters and world trade center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/View_of_Colombo_galle_face.JPG/120px-View_of_Colombo_galle_face.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/View_of_Colombo_galle_face.JPG/180px-View_of_Colombo_galle_face.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/View_of_Colombo_galle_face.JPG/240px-View_of_Colombo_galle_face.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceylon bank headquarters and world trade center.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombo_Galle_Face_Green.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galle Face Green"><img alt="Galle Face Green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Colombo_Galle_Face_Green.jpg/120px-Colombo_Galle_Face_Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Colombo_Galle_Face_Green.jpg/180px-Colombo_Galle_Face_Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Colombo_Galle_Face_Green.jpg/240px-Colombo_Galle_Face_Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="766" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Galle Face Green</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcade_Independence_Square,_Colombo,_Sri_Lanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arcade Independence Square shopping mall"><img alt="Arcade Independence Square shopping mall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Arcade_Independence_Square%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/120px-Arcade_Independence_Square%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Arcade_Independence_Square%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/180px-Arcade_Independence_Square%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Arcade_Independence_Square%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg/240px-Arcade_Independence_Square%2C_Colombo%2C_Sri_Lanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4990" data-file-height="3507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arcade_Independence_Square" title="Arcade Independence Square">Arcade Independence Square</a> shopping mall</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Town_Guard" title="Colombo Town Guard">Colombo Town Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Colombo" title="Mayor of Colombo">List of mayors of Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Sri Lanka">List of tallest buildings and structures in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial,_Colombo" title="National War Memorial, Colombo">National War Memorial, Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_names_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Place names in Sri Lanka">Place names in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian capitals">South Asian capitals</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101151718/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop32&gp=Activities&tpl=3">"A6 : Population by ethnicity and district according to Divisional Secretary's Division, 2012"</a>. <i>Census of Population & Housing, 2011</i>. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop32&gp=Activities&tpl=3">the original</a> on 1 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+Population+%26+Housing%2C+2011&rft.atitle=A6+%3A+Population+by+ethnicity+and+district+according+to+Divisional+Secretary%27s+Division%2C+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.lk%2FPopHouSat%2FCPH2011%2Findex.php%3FfileName%3Dpop32%26gp%3DActivities%26tpl%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Colombo". <i>Collins English Dictionary</i> (13th ed.). HarperCollins. 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-008-28437-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-008-28437-4"><bdi>978-0-008-28437-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Colombo&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-008-28437-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Colombo">"Colombo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306022806/https://www.britannica.com/place/Colombo">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Colombo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FColombo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumarage_A2007" class="citation web cs1">Kumarage A, Amal (1 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051304/http://www.globalurban.org/GUDMag07Vol3Iss1/Kumerage%20PDF.pdf">"Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure and Services on Urban Poverty and Land Development in Colombo, Sri Lanka"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Global Urban Development Volume 3 Issue 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalurban.org/GUDMag07Vol3Iss1/Kumerage%20PDF.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The World Bank. 21 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412070149/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/03/21/colombo-heartbeat-sri-lanka">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colombo%3A+The+Heartbeat+of+Sri+Lanka%2F+Metro+Colombo+Urban+Development+Project&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2F2013%2F03%2F21%2Fcolombo-heartbeat-sri-lanka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044031/http://www.unhabitat.lk/downloads/wburbanpolicy.pdf">"Turning Sri Lanka's Urban Vision into Policy and Action"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UN Habitat. p. 7. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propertypost.lk/blog/colombo-the-famous-business-hub-of-sri-lanka/">the original</a> on 20 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colombo%2C+The+Famous+Business+Hub+of+Sri+Lanka+%E2%80%93+Stories+%26+Advice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propertypost.lk%2Fblog%2Fcolombo-the-famous-business-hub-of-sri-lanka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rweb1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rweb1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayewarden" class="citation web cs1">Jayewarden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/colombo.html">"How Colombo Derived its Name"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205052615/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/colombo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Colombo+Derived+its+Name&rft.au=Jayewarden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.ancestry.com%2F~lkawgw%2Fcolombo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HoC-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HoC_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HoC_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HoC_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HoC_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111202185302/http://www.cmc.lk/History.asp">"History of Colombo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmc.lk/History.asp">the original</a> on 2 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Colombo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmc.lk%2FHistory.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-so1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-so1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2004/02/15/fea15.html">"Colombo – then and now"</a>. <i>Padma Edirisinghe</i>. The Sunday Observer. 14 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930171524/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2004/02/15/fea15.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Padma+Edirisinghe&rft.atitle=Colombo+%E2%80%93+then+and+now&rft.date=2004-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.sundayobserver.lk%2F2004%2F02%2F15%2Ffea15.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-we1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-we1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>World Executive</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldexecutive.com/locations/asia_pacific/sri_lanka/colombo/">Colombo Hotels and City Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302145548/http://www.worldexecutive.com/locations/asia_pacific/sri_lanka/colombo/">Archived</a> 2016-03-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndrapala2007" class="citation book cs1">Indrapala, Karthigesu (2007). <i>The evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils in Sri Lanka C. 300 BCE to C. 1200 CE</i>. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-955-1266-72-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-955-1266-72-1"><bdi>978-955-1266-72-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+an+ethnic+identity%3A+The+Tamils+in+Sri+Lanka+C.+300+BCE+to+C.+1200+CE&rft.place=Colombo&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Vijitha+Yapa&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-955-1266-72-1&rft.aulast=Indrapala&rft.aufirst=Karthigesu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGair1998" class="citation book cs1">Gair, James (1998). <i>Studies in South Asian Linguistics</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: Oxford University Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509521-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509521-0"><bdi>978-0-19-509521-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+South+Asian+Linguistics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509521-0&rft.aulast=Gair&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Still" title="John Still">John, Still</a> (1996). <i>Index to the Mahawansa:Together with Chronological Table of Wars and Genealogical Trees</i>. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Educational_Services" title="Asian Educational Services">AES</a>. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1203-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1203-7"><bdi>978-81-206-1203-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+to+the+Mahawansa%3ATogether+with+Chronological+Table+of+Wars+and+Genealogical+Trees&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=AES&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-206-1203-7&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Still&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProf._Manawadu" class="citation web cs1">Prof. Manawadu, Samitha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321051032/http://www.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/4-30.pdf">"Cultural Routes of Sri Lanka As Extensions of International Itineraries : Identification of Their Impacts on Tangible & Intangible Heritage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/4-30.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cultural+Routes+of+Sri+Lanka+As+Extensions+of+International+Itineraries+%3A+Identification+of+Their+Impacts+on+Tangible+%26+Intangible+Heritage&rft.pages=3&rft.aulast=Prof.+Manawadu&rft.aufirst=Samitha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icomos.org%2Fxian2005%2Fpapers%2F4-30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cs1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cs1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cs1_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/8.htm">"European Encroachment and Dominance:The Portuguese"</a>. <i>Sri Lanka: A Country Study</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005225344/http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/8.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sri+Lanka%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.atitle=European+Encroachment+and+Dominance%3AThe+Portuguese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fsri-lanka%2F8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cs2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cs2_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossSavada,_Andrea_Matles1990" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Russell R.; Savada, Andrea Matles (1990). <i>Sri Lanka: A Country Study</i>. 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Colombo Municipal Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmc.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64&Itemid=85">the original</a> on 6 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administrative+Districts+of+the+Colombo+Municipal+Council&rft.pub=Colombo+Municipal+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmc.lk%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D64%26Itemid%3D85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (February 2016)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emb1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emb1_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>GoAbroad.com</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://embassy.goabroad.com/embassies-in/sri-lanka">Embassies located in Sri Lanka</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302031441/http://embassy.goabroad.com/embassies-in/sri-lanka">Archived</a> 2016-03-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-limc-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-limc_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-limc_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lankalibrary.com/phpBB/viewtopic.php?t=1799">The lake in the middle of Colombo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019211142/http://lankalibrary.com/phpBB/viewtopic.php?t=1799">Archived</a> 2007-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Lanka Library</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dailynews.lk/2003/10/25/spo03.html">35th boat race and 31st Regatta: Oarsmen of Royal and S. Thomas' clash on Beira waters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219193243/http://archives.dailynews.lk/2003/10/25/spo03.html">Archived</a> 2014-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, </i>Daily News<i>, October 10, 2003</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091005234250/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/CEXX0001?from=_bottomnav_business">"Colombo weather"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/CEXX0001?from=_bottomnav_business">the original</a> on 5 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colombo+weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.com%2Foutlook%2Ftravel%2Fbusinesstraveler%2Fwxclimatology%2Fmonthly%2Fgraph%2FCEXX0001%3Ffrom%3D_bottomnav_business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=227">"World Weather Information Service – Colombo"</a>. World Meteorological Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218124526/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=227">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Colombo&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2Fen%2Fcity.html%3FcityId%3D227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMONormals-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMONormals_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/SriLanka/CSV/Colombo_43466.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Colombo"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseline+climate+means+%281961%E2%80%931990%29+from+stations+all+over+the+world&rft.atitle=Klimatafel+von+Colombo+%28Kolamba%29+%2F+Sri+Lanka+%28Ceylon%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_434660_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Keells-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_Keells_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510172524/http://www.johnkeellshotels.com/Colombo_GangaramayaTemple.htm">"Gangaramaya Temple"</a>. John Keells Hotels Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnkeellshotels.com/Colombo_GangaramayaTemple.htm">the original</a> on 10 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gangaramaya+Temple&rft.pub=John+Keells+Hotels+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnkeellshotels.com%2FColombo_GangaramayaTemple.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101151718/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop32&gp=Activities&tpl=3">"Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka – Population by ethnicity and district according to Divisional Secretary's Division, 2012"</a>. 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Archived from the original on 26 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>. <q>The totals are calculated through enumerations made from Colombo Divisional Secretariat and the Thimbirigasyaya Divisional Secretariat, which is also part of Colombo Municipal Council.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+case+of+Colombo%2C+Sri+Lanka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fdpu-projects%2FGlobal_Report%2Fpdfs%2FColumbo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/LKA_Port_of_Colombo_44.php">Port of Colombo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718115215/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/LKA_Port_of_Colombo_44.php">Archived</a> 2011-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. World Port Source.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101151718/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop32&gp=Activities&tpl=3">"Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka – Population by divisional secretariat division, religion and sex 2012"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop32&gp=Activities&tpl=3">the original</a> on 1 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://colombo.mc.gov.lk/colombo.php">the original</a> on 13 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Supreme+Court+of+Sri+Lanka&rft.pub=Justice+Ministry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justiceministry.gov.lk%2Fcourts%2520of%2520Law%2FTHE%2520SUPREME%2520COURT%2520OF%2520SRI%2520LANKA.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070309224646/http://www.gov.lk/public/groups.asp?xi=91&groupname=Ministries+of+Sri+Lanka+Government">"Ministries of Sri Lanka Government"</a>. Government of Sri Lanka. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Speedy+and+safe+journey+to+Galle&rft.pub=Dailynews.lk&rft.date=2011-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.dailynews.lk%2F2011%2F08%2F16%2Ffea14.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamini_Gunaratna,_Sri_Lanka_News_Paper_by_LankaPage.com_(LLC)2011" class="citation web cs1">Gamini Gunaratna, Sri Lanka News Paper by LankaPage.com (LLC) (7 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903220847/http://www.colombopage.com/archive_11B/Nov07_1320645974JR.php">"Nearly half of the work completed on outer circular highway around Sri Lankan capital"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nearly+half+of+the+work+completed+on+outer+circular+highway+around+Sri+Lankan+capital&rft.pub=Colombopage.com&rft.date=2011-11-07&rft.au=Gamini+Gunaratna%2C+Sri+Lanka+News+Paper+by+LankaPage.com+%28LLC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colombopage.com%2Farchive_11B%2FNov07_1320645974JR.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tuticorin-Colombo-ferry-sets-sail-/articleshow/8842845.cms?referral=PM">Tuticorin-Colombo ferry sets sail</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161003062309/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tuticorin-Colombo-ferry-sets-sail-/articleshow/8842845.cms?referral=PM">Archived</a> 2016-10-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Times of India. (2011-06-14).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Galleface-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Galleface_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070413052940/http://www.gallefacehotel.com/html_classic/the_hotel.htm">"Princess Alexandra's Visit"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallefacehotel.com/html_classic/the_hotel.htm">the original</a> on 13 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Princess+Alexandra%27s+Visit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallefacehotel.com%2Fhtml_classic%2Fthe_hotel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110411221808/http://www.moe.gov.lk/Education_his_1.3.html">"Historical Overview of Education in Sri Lanka, The British Period: (1796–1948)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.lk/Education_his_1.3.html">the original</a> on 11 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Overview+of+Education+in+Sri+Lanka%2C+The+British+Period%3A+%281796%E2%80%931948%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.lk%2FEducation_his_1.3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edu-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edu_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edu_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarshaPaul_GlewweWisniewski_Suzanne2007" class="citation web cs1">Harsha, Aturupane; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Glewwe" title="Paul Glewwe">Paul Glewwe</a>; Wisniewski Suzanne (July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOUTHASIA/Resources/ImpactOfSchoolQuality_July2007.pdf">"The Impact of School Quality, Socio-Economic Factors and Child Health on Students' Academic Performance: Evidence from Sri Lankan Primary Schools"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+School+Quality%2C+Socio-Economic+Factors+and+Child+Health+on+Students%27+Academic+Performance%3A+Evidence+from+Sri+Lankan+Primary+Schools&rft.place=Colombo&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2007-07&rft.aulast=Harsha&rft.aufirst=Aturupane&rft.au=Paul+Glewwe&rft.au=Wisniewski+Suzanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTSOUTHASIA%2FResources%2FImpactOfSchoolQuality_July2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edu2-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edu2_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarshaPaul_GlewweWisniewski_Suzanne2005" class="citation book cs1">Harsha, Aturupane; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Glewwe" title="Paul Glewwe">Paul Glewwe</a>; Wisniewski Suzanne (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOUTHASIA/Resources/TreasuresInTheEducationSystem_February2005.pdf"><i>Treasures of the Education System in Sri Lanka: Restoring Performance, Expanding Opportunities and Enhancing Prospects</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Voyage&rft.atitle=Asia.+Dutch+Colonial+Remains+16th-18th+centuries&rft.aulast=Ramerini&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colonialvoyage.com%2Fasia-dutch-colonial-remains-16th-18th-centuries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vesak-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vesak_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vesak_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenerable_Mahinda" class="citation web cs1">Venerable Mahinda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhanet.net/vesak.htm">"Significance of Vesak"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=Nelum+Pokuna&rft.date=2011-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Fcaption-story%2F15485-nelum-pokuna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treasure-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Treasure_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrins" class="citation web cs1">Prins, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundaytimes.lk/110821/Plus/plus_01.5.html">"A National Treasure"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110821030317/http://sundaytimes.lk/110821/Plus/plus_01.5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.craftrevival.org/detailsMuseums.asp?CountryName=SRI%20LANKA&MuseumCode=002246">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Colombo+National+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.craftrevival.org%2FdetailsMuseums.asp%3FCountryName%3DSRI%2520LANKA%26MuseumCode%3D002246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.craftrevival.org/SouthAsia/detailsMuseums.asp?CountryName=SRI%20LANKA&MuseumCode=002246">"History of Colombo National Museum"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Colombo+National+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.craftrevival.org%2FSouthAsia%2FdetailsMuseums.asp%3FCountryName%3DSRI%2520LANKA%26MuseumCode%3D002246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombo" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VNEaTmc9dS4C&pg=PP5&q=Soysa%20statue%20Ceylon">Ceylon, the Land of Eternal Charm</a>, Ali Foad Toulba (Asian Educational Services) p.237 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120614949" title="Special:BookSources/9788120614949">9788120614949</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Colombo</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Colombo" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Colombo">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Colombo" class="extiw" title="c:Colombo">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Colombo" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Colombo">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Colombo" class="extiw" title="q:Colombo">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Colombo" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Colombo">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Colombo" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Colombo">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Colombo" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Colombo">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Colombo" class="extiw" title="voy:Colombo">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <p>The following books contain major components on Colombo: </p> <ul><li><i>Changing Face of Colombo (1501–1972): Covering the Portuguese, Dutch and British Periods</i>, by R.L. Brohier, 1984 (Lake House, Colombo)</li> <li><i>The Port of Colombo 1860–1939</i>, K. Dharmasena, 1980 (Lake House, Colombo)</li> <li><i>Decolonizing Ceylon: Colonialism, Nationalism and the Politics of Space in Sri Lanka</i>, by Nihal Perera, 1999 (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>)</li> <li><i>the Essential guide for Colombo and its region</i>, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Fabry" class="extiw" title="fr:Philippe Fabry">Philippe Fabry</a>, Negombo, Viator Publications, 2011, 175 p., ISBN 978-955-8736-09-8</li> <li><i>The impact of the Tsunami on households and vulnerable groups in two districts in Sri Lanka : Galle and Colombo,</i> Swarna Jayaweera, Centre for Women's Research, Colombo, 2005</li> <li><i>Patterns of Community Structure in Colombo, Sri Lanka, An investigation of Contemporary Urban Life in South Asia</i>, Neville S. Arachchige-Don, University Press, Maryland, 1994</li> <li><i>Colombo</i>, Carl Muller, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 1995</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colombo185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombo" title="Template:Colombo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombo" title="Template talk:Colombo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colombo185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Colombo">History of Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo Fort">Colombo Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Dutch Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">British Ceylon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OldParliament-November2015-01.JPG/270px-OldParliament-November2015-01.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OldParliament-November2015-01.JPG/405px-OldParliament-November2015-01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OldParliament-November2015-01.JPG/540px-OldParliament-November2015-01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3687" data-file-height="2074" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Municipal_Council" title="Colombo Municipal Council">Colombo Municipal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Town_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo Town Hall">Colombo Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Colombo" title="Mayor of Colombo">Mayor of Colombo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Colombo">Greater Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_District" title="Colombo District">Colombo District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Western Province, Sri Lanka">Western Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Lake" title="Beira Lake">Beira Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo Harbour">Colombo Harbour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and<br />landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House,_Colombo" title="President's House, Colombo">President's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Secretariat_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)">Old Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's House">Temple Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Hotel" title="Galle Face Hotel">Galle Face Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Colombo_Dutch_Hospital" title="Old Colombo Dutch Hospital">Old Colombo Dutch Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Parks and Gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Green" title="Galle Face Green">Galle Face Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Park" title="Havelock Park">Havelock Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viharamahadevi_Park" title="Viharamahadevi Park">Viharamahadevi Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Colombo">National Museum of Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelum_Pokuna_Performing_Arts_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelum Pokuna Performing Arts Theatre">Nelum Pokuna Performing Arts Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Dutch_Museum" title="Colombo Dutch Museum">Colombo Dutch Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Sports_Club_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhalese Sports Club Ground">SSC Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Premadasa_Stadium" title="R. Premadasa Stadium">R. Premadasa Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Cricket_Club" title="Colombo Cricket Club">Colombo Cricket Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Colombo_Golf_Club" title="Royal Colombo Golf Club">Royal Colombo Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Racecourse" title="Colombo Racecourse">Colombo Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugathadasa_Stadium" title="Sugathadasa Stadium">Sugathadasa Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_clubs_in_Colombo" title="List of sports clubs in Colombo">List of sports clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colombo" title="University of Colombo">University of Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal College Colombo">Royal College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_College" title="Ananda College">Ananda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda_College,_Colombo" title="Nalanda College, Colombo">Nalanda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakha_Vidyalaya" title="Visakha Vidyalaya">Visakha Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Benedict%27s_College,_Colombo" title="St. Benedict's College, Colombo">St. Benedict's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Medical_College" title="Ceylon Medical College">Ceylon Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colombo_School_of_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colombo School of Computing">UCSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Law_College" title="Sri Lanka Law College">Sri Lanka Law College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka#Colombo_District" title="List of schools in Western Province, Sri Lanka">List of schools in Colombo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Colombo" title="Category:Colombo">Category:Colombo</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suburbs_of_Colombo124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Suburbs_of_Colombo" title="Template:Suburbs of Colombo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Suburbs_of_Colombo" title="Template talk:Suburbs of Colombo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suburbs_of_Colombo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Suburbs of Colombo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Suburbs_of_Colombo124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suburbs of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombo</a> Inner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambalapitiya" title="Bambalapitiya">Bambalapitiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloemendhal" title="Bloemendhal">Bloemendhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borella" title="Borella">Borella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_Gardens" title="Cinnamon Gardens">Cinnamon Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dematagoda" title="Dematagoda">Dematagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_(Colombo)" title="Fort (Colombo)">Fort (Colombo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandpass" title="Grandpass">Grandpass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Town" title="Havelock Town">Havelock Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulftsdorp" title="Hulftsdorp">Hulftsdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirilapone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirilapone">Kirulapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirilapone_North" title="Kirilapone North">Kirulapone North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollupitiya" title="Kollupitiya">Kollupitiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotahena" title="Kotahena">Kotahena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohuwala" title="Kohuwala">Kohuwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madampitiya" title="Madampitiya">Madampitiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maligawatta" title="Maligawatta">Maligawatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maradana" title="Maradana">Maradana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattakkuliya" title="Mattakkuliya">Mattakkuliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modara" title="Modara">Modara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahenpita" title="Narahenpita">Narahenpita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamankada" title="Pamankada">Pamankada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikawatte" title="Panchikawatte">Panchikawatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettah,_Sri_Lanka" title="Pettah, Sri Lanka">Pettah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Island" title="Slave Island">Slave Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Place" title="Union Place">Union Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellawatte" title="Wellawatte">Wellawatte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri J'pura-Kotte</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nawala" title="Nawala">Nawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nugegoda" title="Nugegoda">Nugegoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagiriya" title="Rajagiriya">Rajagiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welikada" title="Welikada">Welikada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dehiwala-Mount_Lavinia" title="Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia">Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehiwala" title="Dehiwala">Dehiwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalubowila" title="Kalubowila">Kalubowila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohuwala" title="Kohuwala">Kohuwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount-Lavinia" title="Mount-Lavinia">Mount-Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratmalana" title="Ratmalana">Ratmalana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colombo Outer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battaramulla" title="Battaramulla">Battaramulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homagama" title="Homagama">Homagama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja-Ela" title="Ja-Ela">Ja-Ela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadawatha" title="Kadawatha">Kadawatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduwela,_Western_Province" title="Kaduwela, Western Province">Kaduwela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandana" title="Kandana">Kandana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katunayake" title="Katunayake">Katunayake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelaniya" title="Kelaniya">Kelaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribathgoda" title="Kiribathgoda">Kiribathgoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonnawa" title="Kolonnawa">Kolonnawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koswatte" title="Koswatte">Koswatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottawa" title="Kottawa">Kottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharagama" title="Maharagama">Maharagama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabe" title="Malabe">Malabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moratuwa" title="Moratuwa">Moratuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oruwala" title="Oruwala">Oruwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannipitiya" title="Pannipitiya">Pannipitiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peliyagoda" title="Peliyagoda">Peliyagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piliyandala" title="Piliyandala">Piliyandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragama" title="Ragama">Ragama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalawathugoda" title="Thalawathugoda">Thalawathugoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattala" title="Wattala">Wattala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickramasinghapura" title="Wickramasinghapura">Wickramasinghapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial_capitals_of_Sri_Lanka59" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Template:Provincial capitals of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_capitals_of_Sri_Lanka59" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Provinces of Sri Lanka">Provincial</a> capitals of Sri Lanka</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galle" title="Galle">Galle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurunegala" title="Kurunegala">Kurunegala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badulla" title="Badulla">Badulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnapura" title="Ratnapura">Ratnapura</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/50px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/75px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/100px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sri_Lankan_cities_with_a_50,000+_population124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_Sri_Lankan_cities" title="Template:Largest Sri Lankan cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_Sri_Lankan_cities" title="Template talk:Largest Sri Lankan cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_Sri_Lankan_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest Sri Lankan cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sri_Lankan_cities_with_a_50,000+_population124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of cities in Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan cities</a> with a 50,000+ population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000 and more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehiwala-Mount_Lavinia" title="Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia">Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moratuwa" title="Moratuwa">Moratuwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000–249,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negombo" title="Negombo">Negombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmunai" title="Kalmunai">Kalmunai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavuniya" title="Vavuniya">Vavuniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galle" title="Galle">Galle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katunayake" title="Katunayake">Katunayake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dambulla" title="Dambulla">Dambulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonnawa" title="Kolonnawa">Kolonnawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnapura" title="Ratnapura">Ratnapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_Sri_Lanka324" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_and_Urban_areas_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Template:Municipalities and Urban areas of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_and_Urban_areas_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Template talk:Municipalities and Urban areas of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_and_Urban_areas_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities and Urban areas of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_Sri_Lanka324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of cities in Sri Lanka">Metropolitan cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National capitals<sup>#</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombo</a><sup>*</sup></b> <small>(Commercial)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a></b> <small>(Administrative)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/80px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/120px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/160px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_councils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Municipal councils of Sri Lanka">Municipal councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galle" title="Galle">Galle</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnapura" title="Ratnapura">Ratnapura</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badulla" title="Badulla">Badulla</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurunegala" title="Kurunegala">Kurunegala</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaduwela,_Western_Province" title="Kaduwela, Western Province">Kaduwela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehiwala-Mount_Lavinia" title="Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia">Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moratuwa" title="Moratuwa">Moratuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negombo" title="Negombo">Negombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmunai" title="Kalmunai">Kalmunai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matara,_Sri_Lanka" title="Matara, Sri Lanka">Matara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gampaha" title="Gampaha">Gampaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matale" title="Matale">Matale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkaraipattu" title="Akkaraipattu">Akkaraipattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandarawela" title="Bandarawela">Bandarawela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" title="Nuwara Eliya">Nuwara Eliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dambulla" title="Dambulla">Dambulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hambantota" title="Hambantota">Hambantota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_councils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Urban councils of Sri Lanka">Urban councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambalangoda" title="Ambalangoda">Ambalangoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampara" title="Ampara">Ampara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangoda" title="Balangoda">Balangoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beruwala" title="Beruwala">Beruwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boralesgamuwa" title="Boralesgamuwa">Boralesgamuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavakachcheri" title="Chavakachcheri">Chavakachcheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilaw" title="Chilaw">Chilaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embilipitiya" title="Embilipitiya">Embilipitiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravur" title="Eravur">Eravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gampola" title="Gampola">Gampola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haputale" title="Haputale">Haputale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatton,_Sri_Lanka" title="Hatton, Sri Lanka">Hatton</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dickoya" title="Dickoya">Dickoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikkaduwa" title="Hikkaduwa">Hikkaduwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horana" title="Horana">Horana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja-Ela" title="Ja-Ela">Ja-Ela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadugannawa" title="Kadugannawa">Kadugannawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalutara" title="Kalutara">Kalutara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattankudy" title="Kattankudy">Kattankudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katunayake" title="Katunayake">Katunayake Seeduwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegalle" title="Kegalle">Kegalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesbewa" title="Kesbewa">Kesbewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinniya" title="Kinniya">Kinniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonnawa" title="Kolonnawa">Kolonnawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuliyapitiya" title="Kuliyapitiya">Kuliyapitiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharagama" title="Maharagama">Maharagama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannar,_Sri_Lanka" title="Mannar, Sri Lanka">Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuwangoda" title="Minuwangoda">Minuwangoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawalapitiya" title="Nawalapitiya">Nawalapitiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panadura" title="Panadura">Panadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peliyagoda" title="Peliyagoda">Peliyagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Pedro" title="Point Pedro">Point Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttalam" title="Puttalam">Puttalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avissawella" title="Avissawella">Seethawakapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talawakelle" title="Talawakelle">Talawakelle</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lindula" title="Lindula">Lindula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangalle" title="Tangalle">Tangalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valvettithurai" title="Valvettithurai">Valvettithurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavuniya" title="Vavuniya">Vavuniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattala" title="Wattala">Wattala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattegama" title="Wattegama">Wattegama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weligama" title="Weligama">Weligama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i><b>Note:</b></i> <sup>*</sup> also a <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of capitals in Sri Lanka">Provincial capital</a>, <sup>#</sup> also a Municipal council</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35381#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1923" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35381#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1923" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35381#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010404-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81028138">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119527547">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119527547">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Colombo (Srí Lanka)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge638226&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5682281">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nqp41v4ddk29l">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552871705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620264706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e1b5a7e3-31fd-4ed9-bff8-96cfc044c824">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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