CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tel Aviv - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"64885c83-ead6-4a13-bd9a-321ceaef68e5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tel_Aviv","wgTitle":"Tel Aviv","wgCurRevisionId":1275670401,"wgRevisionId":1275670401,"wgArticleId":31453,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)","Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2022","All accuracy disputes","Accuracy disputes from June 2022","CS1 uses Hebrew-language script (he)","Articles with Hebrew-language sources (he)","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description", "Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages","Use dmy dates from September 2020","Use American English from July 2020","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using infobox designation list with unknown parameters","Pages with Hebrew IPA","Articles containing German-language text","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from June 2013","Articles lacking reliable references from November 2024","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","Articles with German-language sources (de)","Commons link from Wikidata", "Articles containing video clips","Tel Aviv District","Tel Aviv","1909 establishments in the Ottoman Empire","Cities in Israel","Cities in Tel Aviv District","Jewish villages in the Ottoman Empire","Mediterranean port cities and towns in Israel","Populated places established in 1909"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tel_Aviv","wgRelevantArticleId":31453,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":32.08,"lon":34.78},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q33935","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="591"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="394"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="315"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tel Aviv - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Tel_Aviv rootpage-Tel_Aviv skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tel+Aviv" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tel+Aviv" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tel+Aviv" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tel+Aviv" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etymology and origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jaffa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jaffa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Jaffa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jaffa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundation_in_Late_Ottoman_period_(1904–1917)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_in_Late_Ottoman_period_(1904–1917)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Foundation in Late Ottoman period (1904–1917) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_in_Late_Ottoman_period_(1904–1917)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_administration_(1917–1934)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_administration_(1917–1934)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 British administration (1917–1934) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_administration_(1917–1934)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1934_municipal_independence_from_Jaffa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1934_municipal_independence_from_Jaffa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1934 municipal independence from Jaffa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1934_municipal_independence_from_Jaffa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_of_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_of_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 State of Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_of_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Neighborhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Tourism and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Arts and museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Entertainment and performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 LGBT culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Fashion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bus_and_taxi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_and_taxi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bus and taxi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_and_taxi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Cycling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 General bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tel Aviv</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 155 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-155" aria-hidden="true" > 155 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jaffa" title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B4%E1%88%8D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%AA%E1%89%AD" title="ቴል አቪቭ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቴል አቪቭ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telfafif" title="Telfafif – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Telfafif" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="تل أبيب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تل أبيب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%A0_%DC%90%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%92" title="ܬܠ ܐܒܝܒ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܠ ܐܒܝܒ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D4%B1%D6%82%D5%AB%D6%82" title="Թել Աւիւ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թել Աւիւ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD" title="तेल अभिभ – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तेल अभिभ" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99l-%C6%8Fviv" title="Təl-Əviv – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Təl-Əviv" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="تل آویو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تل آویو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC" title="তেল আবিব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তেল আবিব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%9E" title="Тэль-Авіў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэль-Авіў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%9E" title="Тэль-Авіў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэль-Авіў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тел Авив – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тел Авив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel-Aviv" title="Tel-Aviv – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tel-Aviv" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="تل أبيب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تل أبيب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jaffa" title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%91%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B2" title="Τελ Αβίβ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τελ Αβίβ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel-Avivo" title="Tel-Avivo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tel-Avivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="تل‌آویو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تل‌آویو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jaffa" title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jaffa" title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%94%EC%95%84%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C" title="텔아비브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="텔아비브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Abib" title="Tel Abib – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tel Abib" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%BE" title="Թել Ավիվ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թել Ավիվ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5" title="तेल अविव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तेल अविव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Av%C3%ADv" title="Tel Avív – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tel Avív" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91-%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95" title="תל אביב-יפו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תל אביב-יפו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D_-_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB" title="ಟೆಲ್ ಅವೀವ್ - ಜ್ಯಾಫ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟೆಲ್ ಅವೀವ್ - ಜ್ಯಾಫ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="თელ-ავივი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თელ-ავივი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Av%C3%AEv" title="Tel Avîv – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tel Avîv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telavivum" title="Telavivum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Telavivum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telaviva" title="Telaviva – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Telaviva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jaffa" title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Avivas" title="Tel Avivas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tel Avivas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel-Aviv" title="Tel-Aviv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tel-Aviv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тел Авив – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тел Авив" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel-Aviv-Jaffa" title="Tel-Aviv-Jaffa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tel-Aviv-Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ടെൽ അവീവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെൽ അവീവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jaffa" title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terawiwi" title="Terawiwi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Terawiwi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="तेल अवीव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तेल अवीव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="თელ-ავივი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თელ-ავივი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="تل ابيب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تل ابيب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="تل آویو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تل آویو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тэль-Авив – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Тэль-Авив" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тел-Авив – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тел-Авив" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD" title="तेल अभिभ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तेल अभिभ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5" title="तेल अभिव – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तेल अभिव" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%93%E3%83%96" title="テルアビブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テルアビブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jaffa" title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jaffa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel-Aviv" title="Tel-Aviv – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tel-Aviv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5" title="ਤਲ ਅਵੀਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਲ ਅਵੀਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Awiw-Jafa" title="Tel Awiw-Jafa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tel Awiw-Jafa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авив – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тель-Авив" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱛᱮᱞ ᱟᱵᱤᱵᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱮᱞ ᱟᱵᱤᱵᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jafa" title="Tel Aviv-Jafa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jafa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A" title="ටෙල් අවිව් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටෙල් අවිව්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jafo" title="Tel Aviv-Jafo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tel Aviv-Jafo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Awiw-Jafa" title="Tel Awiw-Jafa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tel Awiw-Jafa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8E%D9%84_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%A4%DB%8C%DA%A4" title="تێل ئەڤیڤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تێل ئەڤیڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тел Авив – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тел Авив" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel-Abib" title="Tel-Abib – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tel-Abib" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="டெல் அவீவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டெல் அவீவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel-%C3%84viv" title="Tel-Äviv – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Tel-Äviv" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F" title="เทลอาวีฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทลอาวีฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Тел-Авив – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тел-Авив" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Awiw" title="Tel Awiw – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tel Awiw" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_A%CC%B1vip" title="Tel A̱vip – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tel A̱vip" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Тель-Авів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тель-Авів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="تل ابیب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تل ابیب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%81" title="تېلاۋىف – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تېلاۋىف" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%27_Aviv" title="Tel' Aviv – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tel' Aviv" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="特拉维夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91-%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95" title="תל אביב-יפו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="תל אביב-יפו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉維夫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="特拉維夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Av%C4%97vs" title="Tel Avėvs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tel Avėvs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="特拉维夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tel Aviv" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1" title="ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵉⴱ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33935#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tel_Aviv" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tel_Aviv" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tel_Aviv" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&oldid=1275670401" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tel_Aviv&id=1275670401&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTel_Aviv">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTel_Aviv">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tel_Aviv&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Yafo" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Tel_Aviv" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33935" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tel_Aviv&params=32.08_N_34.78_E_type:city(474530)_region:IL-TA">32°05′N 34°47′E / 32.08°N 34.78°E / 32.08; 34.78</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Israel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tel Aviv (disambiguation)">Tel Aviv (disambiguation)</a>.</div> This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Israel</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tel Aviv</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">תל אביב (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>) تل أبيب (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in Israel">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Tel Aviv-Yafo</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarona_CBD_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="2695" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Tel_Aviv" title="List of tallest buildings in Tel Aviv">Skyline of Tel Aviv</a> with <a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Sarona_Tower" title="Azrieli Sarona Tower">Azrieli Sarona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Center" title="Azrieli Center">Azrieli Center</a> towers</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Entamu_del_bulevar_Rothschild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Entamu_del_bulevar_Rothschild.jpg/93px-Entamu_del_bulevar_Rothschild.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Entamu_del_bulevar_Rothschild.jpg/140px-Entamu_del_bulevar_Rothschild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Entamu_del_bulevar_Rothschild.jpg/186px-Entamu_del_bulevar_Rothschild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="728" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_Boulevard" title="Rothschild Boulevard">Rothschild Boulevard</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:ISR-2015-Jaffa-Clock_tower-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ISR-2015-Jaffa-Clock_tower-cropped.jpg/91px-ISR-2015-Jaffa-Clock_tower-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ISR-2015-Jaffa-Clock_tower-cropped.jpg/137px-ISR-2015-Jaffa-Clock_tower-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ISR-2015-Jaffa-Clock_tower-cropped.jpg/182px-ISR-2015-Jaffa-Clock_tower-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="5291" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Clock_Tower" title="Jaffa Clock Tower">Jaffa Clock Tower</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_Promenade_panoramics_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tel_Aviv_Promenade_panoramics_%28cropped%29.jpg/96px-Tel_Aviv_Promenade_panoramics_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tel_Aviv_Promenade_panoramics_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-Tel_Aviv_Promenade_panoramics_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tel_Aviv_Promenade_panoramics_%28cropped%29.jpg/192px-Tel_Aviv_Promenade_panoramics_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2573" data-file-height="3256" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_promenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv promenade">Tel Aviv promenade</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabin_Squre_eco_pool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rabin_Squre_eco_pool.jpg/142px-Rabin_Squre_eco_pool.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rabin_Squre_eco_pool.jpg/213px-Rabin_Squre_eco_pool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rabin_Squre_eco_pool.jpg/284px-Rabin_Squre_eco_pool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Rabin_Square" title="Rabin Square">Rabin Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_City_Hall" title="Tel Aviv City Hall">City Hall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv-Yafo_(12275871006).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_%2812275871006%29.jpg/142px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_%2812275871006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_%2812275871006%29.jpg/213px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_%2812275871006%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_%2812275871006%29.jpg/284px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_%2812275871006%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art" title="Tel Aviv Museum of Art">Tel Aviv Museum of Art</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_68164_port_of_jaffa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PikiWiki_Israel_68164_port_of_jaffa.jpg/288px-PikiWiki_Israel_68164_port_of_jaffa.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PikiWiki_Israel_68164_port_of_jaffa.jpg/432px-PikiWiki_Israel_68164_port_of_jaffa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PikiWiki_Israel_68164_port_of_jaffa.jpg/576px-PikiWiki_Israel_68164_port_of_jaffa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="2133" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_Jaffa" title="Old Jaffa">Old Jaffa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Port" title="Jaffa Port">Jaffa Port</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tel Aviv"><img alt="Flag of Tel Aviv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/100px-Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/150px-Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/200px-Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="698" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tel_Aviv" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Tel Aviv">Flag</a></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Tel_Aviv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Emblem_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Emblem_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/90px-Emblem_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Emblem_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="859" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Tel_Aviv" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Tel Aviv">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Tel_Aviv-Yafo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Tel Aviv"><img alt="Official logo of Tel Aviv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/37/Logo_of_Tel_Aviv-Yafo.svg/100px-Logo_of_Tel_Aviv-Yafo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/37/Logo_of_Tel_Aviv-Yafo.svg/150px-Logo_of_Tel_Aviv-Yafo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/37/Logo_of_Tel_Aviv-Yafo.svg/200px-Logo_of_Tel_Aviv-Yafo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="234" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Brandmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandmark">Brandmark</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>'The first Hebrew city'</li><li>'<a href="/wiki/White_City_(Tel_Aviv)" class="mw-redirect" title="White City (Tel Aviv)">The White City</a>'</li><li>'Non-Stop City'</li><li>'The Bubble'</li><li>'TLV'</li><li>'The Big Orange'</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tel Aviv is located in Israel"><img alt="Tel Aviv is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Israel_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Israel_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Israel_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Israel_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Israel_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Israel_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.81%;left:41.538%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Tel Aviv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Tel Aviv</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Israel</div>Show map of Israel</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tel Aviv is located in Asia"><img alt="Tel Aviv is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.386%;left:7.524%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Tel Aviv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Tel Aviv</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Asia</div>Show map of Asia</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tel Aviv is located in Earth"><img alt="Tel Aviv is located in Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/250px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/375px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/500px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.178%;left:59.661%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Tel Aviv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Tel Aviv</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location on Earth</div>Show map of Earth</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tel_Aviv&params=32.08_N_34.78_E_type:city(474530)_region:IL-TA">32°05′N 34°47′E / 32.08°N 34.78°E / 32.08; 34.78</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/21px-Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg/41px-Flag_of_Tel_Aviv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="698" /> <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_District" title="Tel Aviv District">Tel Aviv</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Metropolitan area</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv metropolitan area">Gush Dan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">11 April 1909 (1909-04-11)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Abib" title="Tel Abib">Tel Abib</a> in Ezekiel 3:15,<a href="#cite_note-auto-1">[1]</a> via <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Herzl</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Altneuland" class="mw-redirect" title="Altneuland">Altneuland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_Municipality" title="Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality">Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tel_Aviv" title="Mayor of Tel Aviv">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Huldai" title="Ron Huldai">Ron Huldai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Cities_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in Israel">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">52 km2 (20 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">176 km2 (68 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,516 km2 (585 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 m (16 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Cities_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in Israel">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">474,530</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Israeli cities">2nd</a> in Israel</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">8,468.7/km2 (21,934/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Israeli cities">12th</a> in Israel</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,388,400</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">8,057.7/km2 (20,869/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,156,900</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,286/km2 (5,920/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tel Avivian<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>310 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israel_Standard_Time" title="Israel Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israel_Summer_Time" title="Israel Summer Time">IDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Israel" title="Postal codes in Israel">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">61XXXXX</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Israel" title="Telephone numbers in Israel">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+972-3</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">IL-TA</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel-aviv.gov.il/eng/Pages/HomePage.aspx">tel-aviv.gov.il</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/White_City_(Tel_Aviv)" class="mw-redirect" title="White City (Tel Aviv)">White City of Tel Aviv</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">2003</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1096">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Israel" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Tel Aviv-Yafo (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: תֵּל אָבִיב-יָפוֹ, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: Tēl ʾĀvīv-Yāfō, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[tel aˈviv jaˈfo]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: تَلّ أَبِيب – يَافَا, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Tall ʾAbīb-Yāfā), sometimes rendered as Tel Aviv-Jaffa, and usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Dan" title="Gush Dan">Gush Dan</a> metropolitan area of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Located on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_coastal_plain" title="Israeli coastal plain">Israeli Mediterranean coastline</a> and with a population of 474,530, it is the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Israel" title="Economy of Israel">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technology_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology of Israel">technological</a> center of the country and a global <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Wadi" title="Silicon Wadi">high tech hub</a>. If <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> is considered part of Israel, Tel Aviv is the country's second-most-populous city, after <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>; if not, Tel Aviv is the most populous city, ahead of <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[a]</a> Tel Aviv is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_Municipality" title="Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality">Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality</a>, headed by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ron_Huldai" title="Ron Huldai">Ron Huldai</a>, and is home to most of Israel's <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Israel" title="List of diplomatic missions in Israel">foreign embassies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a> It is a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">beta+ world city</a> and is ranked 57th in the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>. Tel Aviv has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">third- or fourth-largest economy</a> and the largest economy <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-14">[12]</a> Tel Aviv is ranked the 4th top global startup ecosystem hub.<a href="#cite_note-:04-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-16">[14]</a> The city currently has the highest cost of living in the world.<a href="#cite_note-BBCcol-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> Tel Aviv receives over 2.5 million international visitors annually.<a href="#cite_note-MasterCard_ranks_Tel_Aviv_as_fifth_most_visited_city_in_Middle_East_and_Africa-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tourists_rank_Jerusalem_and_Tel_Aviv_among_top_cities_to_visit-20">[18]</a> Tel Aviv is home to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>, the largest university in the country with more than 30,000 students. The city was founded in 1909 by the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> residents) and initially given the Hebrew name Ahuzat Bayit (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: אחוזת בית, <abbr title="literally">lit.</abbr> 'House Estate' or 'Homestead'),<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">namesake</a> of the Jewish association which established the neighbourhood as a modern housing estate on the outskirts of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> (Yafo in Hebrew), then part of the <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Its name was changed the following year to Tel Aviv, after the biblical name <a href="/wiki/Tel_Abib" title="Tel Abib">Tel Abib</a> (<abbr title="literally">lit.</abbr> "<a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">Tell</a> of Spring") adopted by <a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sokolow" title="Nahum Sokolow">Nahum Sokolow</a> as the title for his Hebrew translation of <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>'s 1902 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Old_New_Land" title="The Old New Land">Altneuland</a> ("Old New Land"). Other Jewish suburbs of Jaffa had been established before Tel Aviv, the oldest among them being <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[21]</a> Tel Aviv was given township status within the Jaffa Municipality in 1921, and became independent from Jaffa in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-Goren-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gorion-25">[23]</a> Immigration by mostly Jewish refugees meant that the growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced that of Jaffa, which had a majority <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Arab</a> population at the time.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> In 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a> was proclaimed in the city, with Tel Aviv named as the founding capital of Israel – a function it retained officially until 1950.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a>, Tel Aviv began the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_annexation" title="Municipal annexation">municipal annexation</a> of parts of Jaffa, fully unified with Jaffa under the name Tel Aviv in April 1950, and was formally renamed to Tel Aviv-Yafo in August 1950.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> Tel Aviv's <a href="/wiki/White_City_(Tel_Aviv)" class="mw-redirect" title="White City (Tel Aviv)">White City</a>, designated a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2003, comprises the world's largest concentration of <a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International Style</a> buildings, including <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> and other related <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modernist architectural</a> styles.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-times-30">[28]</a> Popular attractions include <a href="/wiki/Old_Jaffa" title="Old Jaffa">Old Jaffa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel_Museum" title="Eretz Israel Museum">Eretz Israel Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art" title="Tel Aviv Museum of Art">Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_Park" title="Yarkon Park">Yarkon Park</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Promenade" title="Tel Aviv Promenade">city's promenade and beach</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origins">Etymology and origins</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tel_Abib" title="Tel Abib">Tel Abib</a></div> Tel Aviv is the Hebrew title of <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>’s 1902 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Old_New_Land" title="The Old New Land">Altneuland</a> ("Old New Land"), as translated from German by <a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sokolow" title="Nahum Sokolow">Nahum Sokolow</a>. Sokolow had adopted the name of a <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> site near the city of Babylon mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>: "Then I came to them of the captivity at Tel Abib [Tel Aviv], that lived by the <a href="/wiki/River_Chebar" class="mw-redirect" title="River Chebar">river Chebar</a>, and to where they lived; and I sat there overwhelmed among them seven days."<a href="#cite_note-auto-1">[1]</a> The name was chosen in 1910 from several suggestions, including "<a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a>". It was found fitting as it embraced the idea of a renaissance in the ancient Jewish homeland. Aviv (אביב, or Abib) is a Hebrew word that can be translated as "spring", symbolizing renewal, and <a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">tell</a> (or tel) is an artificial mound created over centuries through the accumulation of successive layers of civilization built one over the other and symbolizing the ancient. Although founded in 1909 as a small settlement on the sand dunes north of Jaffa, Tel Aviv was envisaged as a future city from the start. Its founders hoped that in contrast to what they perceived as the squalid and unsanitary conditions of neighbouring Arab towns, Tel Aviv was to be a clean and modern city, inspired by the European cities of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shavit_2012-31">[29]</a> The marketing pamphlets advocating for its establishment stated:<a href="#cite_note-Shavit_2012-31">[29]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In this city we will build the streets so they have roads and sidewalks and electric lights. Every house will have water from wells that will flow through pipes as in every modern European city, and also sewerage pipes will be installed for the health of the city and its residents. <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Akiva Arieh Weiss, 1906</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tel_Aviv" title="Timeline of Tel Aviv">Timeline of Tel Aviv</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jaffa">Jaffa</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISR-2013-Aerial-Jaffa-Port_of_Jaffa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/ISR-2013-Aerial-Jaffa-Port_of_Jaffa.jpg/220px-ISR-2013-Aerial-Jaffa-Port_of_Jaffa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/ISR-2013-Aerial-Jaffa-Port_of_Jaffa.jpg/330px-ISR-2013-Aerial-Jaffa-Port_of_Jaffa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/ISR-2013-Aerial-Jaffa-Port_of_Jaffa.jpg/440px-ISR-2013-Aerial-Jaffa-Port_of_Jaffa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7850" data-file-height="4415" /></a><figcaption>Ancient port of <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> where, according to the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> set sail into the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> before being swallowed by a fish<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Walled_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Walled city">walled city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> is modern-day Tel Aviv-Yafo's only urban centre that existed in early modern times. Jaffa was an important port city in the region for millennia. Archaeological evidence shows signs of human settlement there starting in roughly 7,500 BC.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> The city was established around 1,800 BC at the latest. Its natural harbour has been used since the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. By the time Tel Aviv was founded as a separate city during <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule of the region, Jaffa had been ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylonians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemies" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemies">Ptolemies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmoneans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">the early Islamic caliphates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluks</a> before coming under Ottoman rule in 1515. It had been fought over numerous times. The city is mentioned in ancient Egyptian documents, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>. Other ancient sites in Tel Aviv include: <a href="/wiki/Tell_Qasile" title="Tell Qasile">Tell Qasile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Gerisa" title="Tel Gerisa">Tel Gerisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abattoir_Hill" title="Abattoir Hill">Abattoir Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Hashash" title="Tel Hashash">Tel Hashash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tell_Qudadi" title="Tell Qudadi">Tell Qudadi</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/First_Aliyah" title="First Aliyah">First Aliyah</a> in the 1880s, when Jewish immigrants began arriving in the region in significant numbers, new Jewish neighborhoods were founded outside Jaffa on the current territory of Tel Aviv. The first was <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a>, founded in 1887 by <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi Jews</a> due to overcrowding in Jaffa and built on lands owned by <a href="/wiki/Aharon_Chelouche" title="Aharon Chelouche">Aharon Chelouche</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[21]</a> Other neighborhoods were <a href="/wiki/Neve_Shalom_(neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neve Shalom (neighborhood)">Neve Shalom</a> (1890), <a href="/wiki/Yafa_Nof_(neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yafa Nof (neighborhood)">Yafa Nof</a> (1896), <a href="/wiki/Achva_(neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Achva (neighborhood)">Achva</a> (1899), <a href="/wiki/Ohel_Moshe_(neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohel Moshe (neighborhood)">Ohel Moshe</a> (1904), <a href="/wiki/Kerem_HaTeimanim" title="Kerem HaTeimanim">Kerem HaTeimanim</a> (1906), and others. Once Tel Aviv received city status in the 1920s, those neighborhoods joined the newly formed municipality, now becoming separated from Jaffa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_in_Late_Ottoman_period_(1904–1917)">Foundation in Late Ottoman period (1904–1917)</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:20em; ; font-size: 80%; color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;">Historical States</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> 1909–1917 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a> 1917–1920 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> 1920–1948 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> 1948–present </blockquote> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TelAviv-Founding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/TelAviv-Founding.jpg/220px-TelAviv-Founding.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/TelAviv-Founding.jpg/330px-TelAviv-Founding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/TelAviv-Founding.jpg/440px-TelAviv-Founding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1457" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>Lottery for the first lots, April 1909</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_49257_Nachlat_Binyamin_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/PikiWiki_Israel_49257_Nachlat_Binyamin_.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_49257_Nachlat_Binyamin_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/PikiWiki_Israel_49257_Nachlat_Binyamin_.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_49257_Nachlat_Binyamin_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/PikiWiki_Israel_49257_Nachlat_Binyamin_.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_49257_Nachlat_Binyamin_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3818" data-file-height="2358" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nahalat_Binyamin" title="Nahalat Binyamin">Nahalat Binyamin</a>, 1913</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Aliyah" title="Second Aliyah">Second Aliyah</a> led to further expansion. In 1906, a group of Jews, among them residents of Jaffa, followed the initiative of <a href="/wiki/Akiva_Aryeh_Weiss" title="Akiva Aryeh Weiss">Akiva Aryeh Weiss</a> and banded together to form the Ahuzat Bayit (lit. "homestead") society. One of the society's goals was to form a "Hebrew urban centre in a healthy environment, planned according to the rules of aesthetics and modern hygiene".<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> The urban planning for the new city was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">garden city movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> The first 60 plots were purchased in Kerem Djebali (Karm al-Jabali) near Jaffa by <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Kann" title="Jacobus Kann">Jacobus Kann</a>, a Dutch citizen, who registered them in his name to circumvent the Turkish prohibition on Jewish land acquisition.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meir_Dizengoff" title="Meir Dizengoff">Meir Dizengoff</a>, later Tel Aviv's first <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tel_Aviv" title="Mayor of Tel Aviv">mayor</a>, also joined the Ahuzat Bayit society.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> His vision for Tel Aviv involved peaceful co-existence with Arabs.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-39">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source</a>] On 11 April 1909, 66 Jewish families gathered on a desolate sand dune to parcel out the land by lottery using seashells. This gathering is considered the official date of the establishment of Tel Aviv. The lottery was organised by <a href="/wiki/Akiva_Aryeh_Weiss" title="Akiva Aryeh Weiss">Akiva Aryeh Weiss</a>, president of the building society.<a href="#cite_note-AzaryahuTroen2012-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> Weiss collected 120 sea shells on the beach, half of them white and half of them grey. The members' names were written on the white shells and the plot numbers on the grey shells. A boy drew names from one box of shells and a girl drew plot numbers from the second box. A photographer, Abraham Soskin (b. 1881 in Russia, made <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">aliyah</a> 1906<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a>), documented the event. The first water well was later dug at this site, located on what is today <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_Boulevard" title="Rothschild Boulevard">Rothschild Boulevard</a>, across from Dizengoff House.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> Within a year, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Herzl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahad_Ha%27am" title="Ahad Ha'am">Ahad Ha'am</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judah_Halevi" title="Judah Halevi">Yehuda Halevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Leib_Lilienblum" title="Moshe Leib Lilienblum">Lilienblum</a>, and Rothschild streets were built; a water system was installed; and 66 houses (including some on six subdivided plots) were completed.<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> At the end of Herzl Street, a plot was allocated for a new building for the <a href="/wiki/The_Herzliya_Hebrew_Gymnasium" class="mw-redirect" title="The Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium">Herzliya Hebrew High School</a>, founded in Jaffa in 1906.<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> The cornerstone for the building was laid on 28 July 1909. The town was originally named Ahuzat Bayit. On 21 May 1910, the name Tel Aviv was adopted.<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> The flag and city arms of Tel Aviv (see above) contain under the red Star of David 2 words from the biblical book of Jeremiah: "I (God) will build You up again and you will be rebuilt." (Jer 31:4) Tel Aviv was planned as an independent Hebrew city with wide streets and boulevards, running water for each house, and street lights.<a href="#cite_note-brit-44">[42]</a> By 1914, Tel Aviv had grown to more than 1 km2 (247 acres).<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> In 1915 a census of Tel Aviv was conducted, recording a population 2,679.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> However, growth halted in 1917 when the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> authorities <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_and_Jaffa_deportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation">expelled the residents of Jaffa and Tel Aviv</a> as a wartime measure.<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> A report published in The New York Times by United States Consul Garrels in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria, Egypt</a> described the Jaffa deportation of early April 1917. The orders of evacuation were aimed chiefly at the Jewish population.<a href="#cite_note-Turkish-46">[44]</a> Jews were free to return to their homes in Tel Aviv at the end of the following year when, with the end of World War I and the defeat of the Ottomans, the British took control of Palestine. The town had rapidly become an attraction to immigrants, with a local activist writing:<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The immigrants were attracted to Tel Aviv because they found in it all the comforts they were used to in Europe: electric light, water, a little cleanliness, cinema, opera, theatre, and also more or less advanced schools... busy streets, full restaurants, cafes open until 2 a.m., singing, music, and dancing.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_administration_(1917–1934)">British administration (1917–1934)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1930_Survey_of_Palestine_map,_with_highlighting_showing_urban_boundaries_of_Jaffa_and_Tel_Aviv_within_the_Jaffa_Municipality.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/1930_Survey_of_Palestine_map%2C_with_highlighting_showing_urban_boundaries_of_Jaffa_and_Tel_Aviv_within_the_Jaffa_Municipality.jpg/220px-1930_Survey_of_Palestine_map%2C_with_highlighting_showing_urban_boundaries_of_Jaffa_and_Tel_Aviv_within_the_Jaffa_Municipality.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/1930_Survey_of_Palestine_map%2C_with_highlighting_showing_urban_boundaries_of_Jaffa_and_Tel_Aviv_within_the_Jaffa_Municipality.jpg/330px-1930_Survey_of_Palestine_map%2C_with_highlighting_showing_urban_boundaries_of_Jaffa_and_Tel_Aviv_within_the_Jaffa_Municipality.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/1930_Survey_of_Palestine_map%2C_with_highlighting_showing_urban_boundaries_of_Jaffa_and_Tel_Aviv_within_the_Jaffa_Municipality.jpg/440px-1930_Survey_of_Palestine_map%2C_with_highlighting_showing_urban_boundaries_of_Jaffa_and_Tel_Aviv_within_the_Jaffa_Municipality.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6258" data-file-height="9964" /></a><figcaption>1930 <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_Palestine" title="Survey of Palestine">Survey of Palestine</a> map, showing urban boundaries of Jaffa (green) and the Tel Aviv township (blue) within the Jaffa Municipality (red)<a href="#cite_note-Goren-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gorion-25">[23]</a></figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv, along with the rest of the Jaffa municipality, was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire#First_World_War" title="British Empire">British imperial army</a> in late 1917 during the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai and Palestine Campaign">Sinai and Palestine Campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and became part of British-administered <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> until 1948. Tel Aviv, established as suburb of Jaffa, received "township" or local council status within the Jaffa Municipality in 1921.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goren-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gorion-25">[23]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">census</a> conducted in 1922 by the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate authorities</a>, Tel Aviv had a population of 15,185 (15,065 Jews, 78 Muslims and 42 Christians).<a href="#cite_note-Census1922-49">[47]</a> The population of Tel Aviv had increased to around 34,000 by 1925.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-50">[48]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census</a> recorded Tel Aviv as having a population of 46,101 (45,564 Jews, 288 with no religion, 143 Christians, and 106 Muslims) in 12,545 houses.<a href="#cite_note-Census1931-51">[49]</a> With increasing Jewish immigration during the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British administration</a>, friction between Arabs and Jews in Palestine increased. On 1 May 1921, the <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_riots" title="Jaffa riots">Jaffa riots</a> resulted in the deaths of 48 Arabs and 47 Jews and injuries to 146 Jews and 73 Arabs.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> In the wake of this violence, many Jews left Jaffa for Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv began to develop as a commercial center.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> In 1923, Tel Aviv was the first town to be wired to electricity in Palestine, followed by Jaffa later in the same year. The opening ceremony of the Jaffa Electric Company powerhouse, on 10 June 1923, celebrated the lighting of the two main streets of Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> In 1925, the Scottish biologist, sociologist, philanthropist and pioneering town planner <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Geddes" title="Patrick Geddes">Patrick Geddes</a> drew up the <a href="/wiki/Geddes_Plan_for_Tel_Aviv" title="Geddes Plan for Tel Aviv">Geddes Plan for Tel Aviv</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">master plan</a> for Tel Aviv which was adopted by the city council led by <a href="/wiki/Meir_Dizengoff" title="Meir Dizengoff">Meir Dizengoff</a>. Geddes's plan for developing the northern part of the township was based on <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard" title="Ebenezer Howard">Ebenezer Howard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">garden city movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-55">[53]</a> The plan consisted of four main features: a hierarchical system of streets laid out in a grid, large blocks consisting of small-scale domestic dwellings, the organization of these blocks around central open spaces, and the concentration of cultural institutions to form a civic center.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> While most of the northern area of Tel Aviv was built according to this plan, the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Aliyah" title="Fifth Aliyah">influx of European refugees in the 1930s</a> necessitated the construction of taller apartment buildings on a larger footprint in the city.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion House">Ben Gurion House</a> was built in 1930–31, part of a new workers' housing development. At the same time, Jewish cultural life was given a boost by the establishment of the Ohel Theatre and the decision of <a href="/wiki/Habima_Theatre" title="Habima Theatre">Habima Theatre</a> to make Tel Aviv its permanent base in 1931.<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1934_municipal_independence_from_Jaffa">1934 municipal independence from Jaffa</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHADAL_STREET_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/SHADAL_STREET_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91..jpg/220px-SHADAL_STREET_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/SHADAL_STREET_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91..jpg/330px-SHADAL_STREET_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/SHADAL_STREET_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91..jpg/440px-SHADAL_STREET_IN_TEL_AVIV._%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Shadal Street in 1926</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoltan_Kluger._Tel-Aviv_(Rothschild_Boulevard).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zoltan_Kluger._Tel-Aviv_%28Rothschild_Boulevard%29.jpg/220px-Zoltan_Kluger._Tel-Aviv_%28Rothschild_Boulevard%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zoltan_Kluger._Tel-Aviv_%28Rothschild_Boulevard%29.jpg/330px-Zoltan_Kluger._Tel-Aviv_%28Rothschild_Boulevard%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zoltan_Kluger._Tel-Aviv_%28Rothschild_Boulevard%29.jpg/440px-Zoltan_Kluger._Tel-Aviv_%28Rothschild_Boulevard%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2246" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_Boulevard" title="Rothschild Boulevard">Rothschild Boulevard</a> in the late 1930s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_-_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.-JNF033908.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_-_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.-JNF033908.jpeg/220px-%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_-_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.-JNF033908.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_-_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.-JNF033908.jpeg/330px-%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_-_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.-JNF033908.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_-_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.-JNF033908.jpeg/440px-%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_-_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.-JNF033908.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Tel Aviv, Allenby Street, 1940</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_-_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94-JNF001486.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_-_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94-JNF001486.jpeg/220px-%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_-_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94-JNF001486.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_-_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94-JNF001486.jpeg/330px-%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_-_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94-JNF001486.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_-_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94-JNF001486.jpeg/440px-%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_-_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94-JNF001486.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Tel_Aviv_central_bus_station" title="Old Tel Aviv central bus station">Old Tel Aviv central bus station</a>, which opened in 1941</figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv was granted the status of an independent municipality separate from Jaffa in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-Goren-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gorion-25">[23]</a> The Jewish population rose dramatically during the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Aliyah" title="Fifth Aliyah">Fifth Aliyah</a> after the Nazis came to power in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> Many new Jewish immigrants to Palestine disembarked in Jaffa, and remained in Tel Aviv, turning the city into a center of urban life. Friction during the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–39 Arab revolt</a> led to the opening of a local Jewish port, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Port" title="Tel Aviv Port">Tel Aviv Port</a>, independent of Jaffa, in 1938. It closed on 25 October 1965. <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Lydda Airport</a> (later Ben Gurion Airport) and <a href="/wiki/Sde_Dov_Airport" title="Sde Dov Airport">Sde Dov Airport</a> opened between 1937 and 1938.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a>, the Jewish population of Tel Aviv had risen to 150,000 by 1937, compared to Jaffa's mainly Arab 69,000 residents, and by 1939 rose to 160,000, which was over a third of Palestine's total Jewish population.<a href="#cite_note-JewishVL-35">[33]</a> The village statistics of 1938 listed Tel Aviv's population as 140,000, all Jews.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/German_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jews">German Jewish</a> architects trained at the <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernist</a> school of architecture in Germany, and left Germany during the 1930s. Some, like <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Sharon" title="Arieh Sharon">Arieh Sharon</a>, came to Palestine and adapted the architectural outlook of the Bauhaus and similar schools to the local conditions there, creating what is recognized as the largest concentration of buildings in the International Style in the world.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-29">[27]</a> Tel Aviv's <a href="/wiki/White_City_(Tel_Aviv)" class="mw-redirect" title="White City (Tel Aviv)">White City</a> emerged in the 1930s, and became a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> During World War II, Tel Aviv was <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Palestine_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Palestine in World War II">hit by Italian airstrikes</a> on 9 September 1940, which killed 137 people in the city.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">village statistics of 1945</a> listed Tel Aviv's population as 166,660, consisting of 166,000 Jews, 300 "other", 230 Christians, and 130 Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</a>, Jewish <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a> guerrillas launched repeated attacks against British military, police, and government targets in the city. In 1946, following the <a href="/wiki/King_David_Hotel_bombing" title="King David Hotel bombing">King David Hotel bombing</a>, the British carried out <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shark" title="Operation Shark">Operation Shark</a>, in which the entire city was searched for Jewish militants and most of the residents questioned, during which the entire city was placed under curfew. During the <a href="/wiki/March_1947_martial_law_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="March 1947 martial law in Mandatory Palestine">March 1947 martial law in Mandatory Palestine</a>, Tel Aviv was placed under martial law by the British authorities for 15 days, with the residents kept under curfew for all but three hours a day as British forces scoured the city for militants. In spite of this, Jewish guerrilla attacks continued in Tel Aviv and other areas under martial law in Palestine. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 UN Partition Plan</a> for dividing Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, Tel Aviv was to be included in the proposed <a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">Jewish state</a>. Jaffa with, as of 1945, a population of 101,580 people—53,930 Muslims, 30,820 Jews and 16,800 Christians—was designated as part of the Arab state. <a href="/wiki/1947-1948_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947-1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">Civil War</a> broke out in the country and in particular between the neighbouring cities of Tel Aviv and Jaffa, which had been assigned to the Jewish and Arab states respectively. After several months of siege, on 13 May 1948, Jaffa fell and the Arab population fled en masse. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_of_Israel">State of Israel</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_-Independence_May_14,_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Israel_-Independence_May_14%2C_1948.jpg/220px-Israel_-Independence_May_14%2C_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Israel_-Independence_May_14%2C_1948.jpg/330px-Israel_-Independence_May_14%2C_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Israel_-Independence_May_14%2C_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Crowd outside Dizengoff House (now <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall_(Israel)" title="Independence Hall (Israel)">Independence Hall</a>) to witness the proclamation and signing of Israel's Declaration of Independence in 1948</figcaption></figure> After Israel <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">declared Independence</a> on 14 May 1948, Tel Aviv was the temporary government center of the State of Israel. The city was repeatedly bombed by Egyptian warplanes and shelled by Egyptian warships during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab-Israeli_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Arab-Israeli War">Israeli War of Independence</a>, killing around 150 people. The most significant attack was the <a href="/wiki/1948_Tel_Aviv_bus_station_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Tel Aviv bus station bombing">bombing of the central bus station</a>, in which 42 people were killed.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> On 3 June 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> scored its first aerial victory over Tel Aviv when Israeli fighter pilot <a href="/wiki/Modi_Alon" title="Modi Alon">Modi Alon</a> shot down two Egyptian bombers during a raid. The city was also the scene of fighting between the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Altalena_Affair" title="Altalena Affair">Altalena Affair</a>, in which the IDF stopped an Irgun attempt to import arms for its own use. In December 1949, the Israeli government relocated to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Due to the international dispute over the <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">status of Jerusalem</a>, most embassies remained in or near Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-VTLV-64">[62]</a> The boundaries of Tel Aviv and Jaffa became a matter of contention between the Tel Aviv municipality and the Israeli government in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> The former wished to incorporate only the northern Jewish suburbs of Jaffa, while the latter wanted a more complete unification.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> The issue also had international sensitivity, since the main part of Jaffa was in the Arab portion of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan</a>, whereas Tel Aviv was not, and no armistice agreements had yet been signed.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> On 10 December 1948, the government announced the annexation to Tel Aviv of Jaffa's Jewish suburbs, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kabir" title="Abu Kabir">Abu Kabir</a>, the Arab village of <a href="/wiki/Salama,_Jaffa" title="Salama, Jaffa">Salama</a> and some of its agricultural land, and the Jewish Hatikva slum.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> On 25 February 1949, the depopulated Palestinian village of <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Muwannis" title="Al-Shaykh Muwannis">al-Shaykh Muwannis</a> was also annexed to Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> On 18 May 1949, <a href="/wiki/Manshiya" title="Manshiya">Manshiya</a> and part of Jaffa's central zone were added, for the first time including land that had been in the Arab portion of the UN partition plan.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> The government voted on the unification of Tel Aviv and Jaffa on 4 October 1949, but the decision was not implemented until 24 April 1950 due to the opposition of Tel Aviv mayor <a href="/wiki/Israel_Rokach" title="Israel Rokach">Israel Rokach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> The name of the unified city was Tel Aviv until 19 August 1950, when it was renamed Tel Aviv-Yafo in order to preserve the historical name Jaffa.<a href="#cite_note-Golan1995-28">[26]</a> Tel Aviv thus grew to 42 km2 (16.2 sq mi). In 1949, a memorial to the 60 founders of Tel Aviv was constructed.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009452359205171.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009452359205171.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009452359205171.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009452359205171.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009452359205171.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009452359205171.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009452359205171.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="1569" /></a><figcaption>Tel Aviv in 1961</figcaption></figure> In the 1960s, some of the older buildings were demolished, making way for the country's first high-rises. The historic <a href="/wiki/Herzliya_Hebrew_Gymnasium" title="Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium">Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium</a> was controversially demolished, to make way for the <a href="/wiki/Shalom_Meir_Tower" title="Shalom Meir Tower">Shalom Meir Tower</a>, which was completed in 1965, and remained <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Israel" title="List of tallest buildings in Israel">Israel's tallest building</a> until 1999. Tel Aviv's population peaked in the early 1960s at 390,000, representing 16 percent of the country's total.<a href="#cite_note-profile-66">[64]</a> By the early 1970s, Tel Aviv had entered a long and steady period of continuous population decline, which was accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">urban decay</a>. By 1981, Tel Aviv had entered not just natural population decline, but an absolute population decline as well.<a href="#cite_note-Interregional_Migration_2012_page_164-67">[65]</a> In the late 1980s the city had an aging population of 317,000.<a href="#cite_note-profile-66">[64]</a> Construction activity had moved away from the inner ring of Tel Aviv, and had moved to its outer perimeter and adjoining cities. A mass out-migration of residents from Tel Aviv, to adjoining cities like <a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a>, where better housing conditions were available, was underway by the beginning of the 1970s, and only accelerated by the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Interregional_Migration_2012_page_164-67">[65]</a> Cramped housing conditions and high property prices pushed families out of Tel Aviv and deterred young people from moving in.<a href="#cite_note-profile-66">[64]</a> From the beginning of 1970s, the common image of Tel Aviv became that of a decaying city,<a href="#cite_note-Tel_Aviv_2007_page_132-68">[66]</a> as Tel Aviv's population fell 20%.<a href="#cite_note-StrategicPlan26-69">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009323131805171.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009323131805171.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009323131805171.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009323131805171.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009323131805171.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009323131805171.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv-Yafo_997009323131805171.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Tel Aviv in 1970</figcaption></figure> In the 1970s, the apparent sense of Tel Aviv's urban decline became a theme in the work of novelists such as <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Shabtai" title="Yaakov Shabtai">Yaakov Shabtai</a>, in works describing the city such as Sof Davar (The End of Things) and Zikhron Devarim (The Memory of Things).<a href="#cite_note-Tel_Aviv_2007_page_132-68">[66]</a> A symptomatic article of 1980 asked "Is Tel Aviv Dying?" and portrayed what it saw as the city's existential problems: "Residents leaving the city, businesses penetrating into residential areas, economic and social gaps, deteriorating neighbourhoods, contaminated air – Is the First Hebrew City destined for a slow death? Will it become a ghost town?".<a href="#cite_note-Tel_Aviv_2007_page_132-68">[66]</a> However, others saw this as a transitional period. By the late 1980s, attitudes to the city's future had become markedly more optimistic. It had also become a center of nightlife and discotheques for Israelis who lived in the suburbs and adjoining cities. By 1989, Tel Aviv had acquired the nickname "Nonstop City", as a reflection of the growing recognition of its nightlife and 24/7 culture, and "Nonstop City" had to some extent replaced the former moniker of "First Hebrew City".<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> The largest project built in this era was the <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Center" title="Dizengoff Center">Dizengoff Center</a>, Israel's first shopping mall, which was completed in 1983. Other notable projects included the construction of <a href="/wiki/Marganit_Tower" title="Marganit Tower">Marganit Tower</a> in 1987, the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Dellal_Center_for_Dance_and_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater">Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater</a> in 1989, and the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Cinematheque" title="Tel Aviv Cinematheque">Tel Aviv Cinematheque</a> (opened in 1973 and located to the current building in 1989). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assassination_of_Prime_Minister_Yitzhak_Rabin,_1995_XVI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Assassination_of_Prime_Minister_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_1995_XVI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/220px-Assassination_of_Prime_Minister_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_1995_XVI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Assassination_of_Prime_Minister_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_1995_XVI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/330px-Assassination_of_Prime_Minister_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_1995_XVI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Assassination_of_Prime_Minister_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_1995_XVI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/440px-Assassination_of_Prime_Minister_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_1995_XVI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>A poster mourning the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin">assassination of Yitzhak Rabin</a> hangs in the <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Market" title="Carmel Market">Carmel Market</a> in Tel Aviv, 1995</figcaption></figure> In the early 1980s, 13 embassies in Jerusalem moved to Tel Aviv as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">UN's measures</a> responding to Israel's 1980 <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> Today, most national embassies are located in Tel Aviv or environs.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> In the 1990s, the decline in Tel Aviv's population began to be reversed and stabilized, at first temporarily due to a wave of immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">former Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-profile-66">[64]</a> Tel Aviv absorbed 42,000 immigrants from the FSU, many educated in scientific, technological, medical and mathematical fields.<a href="#cite_note-StrategicPlan26-69">[67]</a> In this period, the number of engineers in the city doubled.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> Tel Aviv soon began to emerge as a global high-tech center.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-39">[37]</a> The construction of many <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest structures in Israel">skyscrapers</a> and high-tech office buildings followed. In 1993, Tel Aviv was categorized as a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">world city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> However, the city's municipality struggled to cope with an influx of new immigrants. Tel Aviv's tax base had been shrinking for many years, as a result of its preceding long term population decline, and this meant there was little money available at the time to invest in the city's deteriorating infrastructure and housing. In 1998, Tel Aviv was on the "verge of bankruptcy".<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Economic difficulties would then be compounded by a wave of Palestinian suicide bombings in the city from the mid-1990s, to the end of the Second Intifada, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>, which affected the city's rapidly growing hi-tech sector. On 4 November 1995, Israel's prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin">was assassinated</a> at a rally in Tel Aviv in support of the Oslo peace accord. The outdoor plaza where this occurred, formerly known as Kikar Malchei Yisrael, was renamed <a href="/wiki/Rabin_Square" title="Rabin Square">Rabin Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_Patriot_missiles_being_launched_to_intercept_an_Iraqi_Scud_missile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Patriot_missiles_being_launched_to_intercept_an_Iraqi_Scud_missile.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Patriot_missiles_being_launched_to_intercept_an_Iraqi_Scud_missile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Patriot_missiles_being_launched_to_intercept_an_Iraqi_Scud_missile.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Patriot_missiles_being_launched_to_intercept_an_Iraqi_Scud_missile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Patriot_missiles_being_launched_to_intercept_an_Iraqi_Scud_missile.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Patriot_missiles_being_launched_to_intercept_an_Iraqi_Scud_missile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Patriot_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriot missiles">Patriot missiles</a> being launched to intercept an Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Scud_missile" title="Scud missile">Scud missile</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991, Tel Aviv was attacked by <a href="/wiki/Scud" class="mw-redirect" title="Scud">Scud</a> missiles from Iraq. Iraq hoped to provoke an Israeli military response, which could have destroyed the US–Arab alliance. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> pressured Israel not to retaliate, and after Israel acquiesced, the US and <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> rushed <a href="/wiki/Patriot_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriot missile">Patriot missiles</a> to defend against the attacks, but they proved largely ineffective. Tel Aviv and other Israeli cities continued to be hit by Scuds throughout the war, and every city in the Tel Aviv area except for <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a> was hit. A total of 74 Israelis died as a result of the Iraqi attacks, mostly from suffocation and heart attacks,<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> while approximately 230 Israelis were injured.<a href="#cite_note-publicpolicy.umd.edu-78">[76]</a> Extensive property damage was also caused, and some 4,000 Israelis were left homeless. It was feared that Iraq would fire missiles filled with <a href="/wiki/Nerve_agent" title="Nerve agent">nerve agents</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">sarin</a>. As a result, the Israeli government issued <a href="/wiki/Conflict_gas_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict gas mask">gas masks</a> to its citizens. When the first Iraqi missiles hit Israel, some people injected themselves with an antidote for nerve gas. The inhabitants of the southeastern suburb of Hatikva erected an angel-monument as a sign of their gratitude that "it was through a great miracle, that many people were preserved from being killed by a direct hit of a Scud rocket."<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing,_1996_I_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing%2C_1996_I_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/220px-Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing%2C_1996_I_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing%2C_1996_I_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/330px-Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing%2C_1996_I_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing%2C_1996_I_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/440px-Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing%2C_1996_I_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1223" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Center" title="Dizengoff Center">Dizengoff Center</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing" title="Dizengoff Center suicide bombing">bombing of 1996</a></figcaption></figure> Since the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a>, Tel Aviv has suffered from <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide attack</a> in Tel Aviv occurred on 19 October 1994, on the <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Street_bus_bombing" title="Dizengoff Street bus bombing">Line 5 bus</a>, when a bomber killed 22 civilians and injured 50 as part of a <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> suicide campaign.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> On 6 March 1996, another Hamas suicide bomber killed 13 people (12 civilians and 1 soldier), many of them children, in the <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing" title="Dizengoff Center suicide bombing">Dizengoff Center suicide bombing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-victims-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-82">[80]</a> Three women were killed by a Hamas terrorist in the <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Apropo_bombing" title="Café Apropo bombing">Café Apropo bombing</a> on 27 March 1997.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_19099_ruins_of_tel_aviv_dolphinarium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PikiWiki_Israel_19099_ruins_of_tel_aviv_dolphinarium.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_19099_ruins_of_tel_aviv_dolphinarium.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PikiWiki_Israel_19099_ruins_of_tel_aviv_dolphinarium.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_19099_ruins_of_tel_aviv_dolphinarium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PikiWiki_Israel_19099_ruins_of_tel_aviv_dolphinarium.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_19099_ruins_of_tel_aviv_dolphinarium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Tel Aviv Dolphinarium, demolished in 2018, site of the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Dolphinarium_discotheque_suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing">Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing</a>, in which 21 Israelis, mostly teenagers, were killed</figcaption></figure> One of the deadliest attacks occurred on 1 June 2001, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>, when a suicide bomber exploded at the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Dolphinarium_discotheque_suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing">Dolphinarium discothèque</a>, killing 21, mostly teenagers, and injuring 132.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> Another Hamas suicide bomber killed six civilians and injured 70 in the <a href="/wiki/Allenby_Street_bus_bombing" title="Allenby Street bus bombing">Allenby Street bus bombing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Twenty-three civilians were killed and over 100 injured in the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_central_bus_station_massacre" title="Tel Aviv central bus station massacre">Tel Aviv central bus station massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades">Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades</a> claimed responsibility for the attack. In the <a href="/wiki/Mike%27s_Place_suicide_bombing" title="Mike's Place suicide bombing">Mike's Place suicide bombing</a>, an attack on a bar by a <a href="/wiki/British_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="British Muslim">British Muslim</a> suicide bomber resulted in the deaths of three civilians and wounded over 50.<a href="#cite_note-jewishsf.com-97">[95]</a> Hamas and Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed joint responsibility. An Islamic Jihad bomber killed five and wounded over 50 on 25 February 2005 <a href="/wiki/Stage_Club_bombing" title="Stage Club bombing">Stage Club bombing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-98">[96]</a> The most recent suicide attack in the city occurred on 17 April 2006, when 11 people were killed and at least 70 wounded in a <a href="/wiki/2nd_Rosh_Ha%27ir_restaurant_bombing" title="2nd Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombing">suicide bombing near the old central bus station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon_variants#F-16I_Sufa" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants">F-16I Sufas</a> over Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> Another attack took place on 29 August 2011 in which a Palestinian attacker stole an Israeli taxi cab and rammed it into a police checkpoint guarding the popular <a href="/wiki/Haoman_17" title="Haoman 17">Haoman 17</a> <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a> in Tel Aviv which was filled with 2,000<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-100">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israeli</a> teenagers. After crashing, the assailant went on a stabbing spree, injuring eight people.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-98">[96]</a> Due to an <a href="/wiki/Israel_Border_Police" title="Israel Border Police">Israel Border Police</a> roadblock at the entrance and immediate response of the Border Police team during the subsequent stabbings, a much larger and fatal mass-casualty incident was avoided.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> On 21 November 2012, during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pillar_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Pillar of Defense">Operation Pillar of Defense</a>, the Tel Aviv area was targeted by rockets, and air raid sirens were sounded in the city for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>. All of the rockets either missed populated areas or were shot down by an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome">Iron Dome</a> rocket defense battery stationed near the city. During the operation, a bomb blast on a bus wounded at least 28 civilians, three seriously.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> This was described as a terrorist attack by Israel, Russia, and the United States and was condemned by the United Nations, United States, United Kingdom, France and Russia, whilst Hamas spokesman <a href="/wiki/Sami_Abu_Zuhri" title="Sami Abu Zuhri">Sami Abu Zuhri</a> declared that the organisation "blesses" the attack.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Nov21-106">[104]</a> More than 300 rockets were fired towards the Tel Aviv Metropolitan area in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm/220px-seek%3D55-Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="89" data-mwtitle="Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="768" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm/Channel2_-_Tel_Aviv.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Short video about Tel Aviv from the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_News_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli News Company">Israeli News Company</a></figcaption></figure> New laws were introduced to protect Modernist buildings, and efforts to preserve them were aided by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> recognition of Tel Aviv's White City as a world heritage site in 2003. In the early 2000s, Tel Aviv municipality focused on attracting more young residents to the city. It made significant investment in major boulevards, to create attractive pedestrian corridors. Former industrial areas like the city's previously derelict Northern <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Port" title="Tel Aviv Port">Tel Aviv Port</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_railway_station" title="Jaffa railway station">Jaffa railway station</a>, were upgraded and transformed into leisure areas. A process of gentrification began in some of the poor neighborhoods of southern Tel Aviv and many older buildings began to be renovated.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-39">[37]</a> The demographic profile of the city changed in the 2000s, as it began to attract a higher proportion of young residents. By 2012, 28 percent of the city's population was aged between 20 and 34 years old. Between 2007 and 2012, the city's population growth averaged 6.29 percent. As a result of its population recovery and industrial transition, the city's finances were transformed, and by 2012 it was running a budget surplus and maintained a credit rating of AAA+.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> In the 2000s and early 2010s, Tel Aviv received tens of thousands of illegal immigrants, primarily from <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-109">[107]</a> changing the demographic profile of areas of the city. In 2009, Tel Aviv celebrated its official centennial.<a href="#cite_note-centennial-110">[108]</a> In addition to city- and country-wide celebrations, digital collections of historical materials were assembled. These include the History section of the official Tel Aviv-Yafo Centennial Year website;<a href="#cite_note-centennial-110">[108]</a> the Ahuzat Bayit collection, which focuses on the founding families of Tel Aviv, and includes photographs and biographies;<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>'s Eliasaf Robinson Tel Aviv Collection,<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> documenting the history of the city. Today, the city is regarded as a strong candidate for <a href="/wiki/Gamma_world_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma world city">global city status</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GAWC-113">[111]</a> Over the past 60 years, Tel Aviv had developed into a <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular</a>, liberal-minded center with a vibrant nightlife and café culture.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv,_Israel_by_Planet_Labs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_by_Planet_Labs.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_by_Planet_Labs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_by_Planet_Labs.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_by_Planet_Labs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_by_Planet_Labs.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_by_Planet_Labs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2775" /></a><figcaption>Tel Aviv seen from space in 2016</figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is located around <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tel_Aviv&params=32_5_N_34_48_E_">32°5′N 34°48′E / 32.083°N 34.800°E / 32.083; 34.800</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_coastal_plain" title="Israeli coastal plain">Israeli Mediterranean coastline</a>, in central Israel, the <a href="/wiki/Via_Maris" title="Via Maris">historic land bridge</a> between Europe, Asia and Africa. Immediately north of the ancient port of Jaffa, Tel Aviv lies on land that used to be sand dunes and as such has relatively poor <a href="/wiki/Fertility_(soil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility (soil)">soil fertility</a>. The land has been flattened and has no important gradients; its most notable geographical features are bluffs above the Mediterranean coastline and the <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_River" title="Yarkon River">Yarkon River</a> mouth.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> Because of the expansion of Tel Aviv and the Gush Dan region, absolute borders between Tel Aviv and Jaffa and between the city's neighborhoods do not exist. The city is located 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Jerusalem and 90 km (56 mi) south of the city of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> Neighboring cities and towns include <a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon" title="Ramat HaSharon">Ramat HaSharon</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giv%27atayim" class="mw-redirect" title="Giv'atayim">Giv'atayim</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a> to the southeast, and <a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a> to the south.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> The city is economically stratified between the north and south. Southern Tel Aviv is considered less affluent than northern Tel Aviv with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a> and northern and north-western <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>. Central Tel Aviv is home to <a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Center" title="Azrieli Center">Azrieli Center</a> and the important financial and commerce district along <a href="/wiki/Highway_20_(Israel)" title="Highway 20 (Israel)">Ayalon Highway</a>. The northern side of Tel Aviv is home to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_Park" title="Yarkon Park">Yarkon Park</a>, and upscale residential neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Aviv" title="Ramat Aviv">Ramat Aviv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afeka" title="Afeka">Afeka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yarkoni-117">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldiers_cleaning_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Soldiers_cleaning_beach.jpg/220px-Soldiers_cleaning_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Soldiers_cleaning_beach.jpg/330px-Soldiers_cleaning_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Soldiers_cleaning_beach.jpg/440px-Soldiers_cleaning_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> soldiers cleaning the beaches at Tel Aviv, which have scored highly in environmental tests<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a></figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is ranked as the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_city" title="Sustainable city">greenest city</a> in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> Since 2008, city lights are turned off annually in support of <a href="/wiki/Earth_Hour" title="Earth Hour">Earth Hour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> In February 2009, the municipality launched a water saving campaign, including competition granting free parking for a year to the household that is found to have consumed the least water per person.<a href="#cite_note-senyorwater-121">[119]</a> In the early 21st century, Tel Aviv's municipality transformed a derelict <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power station</a> into a public park, now named "Gan HaHashmal" ("Electricity Park"), paving the way for <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">eco-friendly</a> and environmentally conscious designs.<a href="#cite_note-FT-122">[120]</a> In October 2008, Martin Weyl turned an old garbage dump near <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Ben Gurion International Airport</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Hiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiriya">Hiriya</a>, into an attraction by building an arc of plastic bottles.<a href="#cite_note-NYTPlastic-123">[121]</a> The site, which was renamed <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon_Park" title="Ariel Sharon Park">Ariel Sharon Park</a> to honor Israel's former prime minister, will serve as the centerpiece in what is to become a 2,000-acre (8.1 km2) <a href="/wiki/Urban_wilderness" title="Urban wilderness">urban wilderness</a> on the outskirts of Tel Aviv, designed by German <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architect" title="Landscape architect">landscape architect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Latz" title="Peter Latz">Peter Latz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTPlastic-123">[121]</a> At the end of the 20th century, the city began restoring historical neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a> and many buildings from the 1920s and 1930s. Since 2007, the city hosts its well-known, annual <a href="/wiki/Open_House_Tel_Aviv" title="Open House Tel Aviv">Open House Tel Aviv</a> weekend, which offers the general public free entrance to the city's famous landmarks, private houses and public buildings. In 2010, the design of the renovated Tel Aviv Port (Nemal Tel Aviv) won the award for outstanding landscape architecture at the European Biennial for Landscape Architecture in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> In 2014, the Sarona Market Complex opened, following an 8-year renovation project of <a href="/wiki/Sarona_(colony)" title="Sarona (colony)">Sarona colony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:758px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarkon_Park_Aerial_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yarkon Park from Kiryat Atidim to the Mediterranean Sea"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Yarkon_Park_Aerial_01.jpg/750px-Yarkon_Park_Aerial_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Yarkon_Park_Aerial_01.jpg/1125px-Yarkon_Park_Aerial_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Yarkon_Park_Aerial_01.jpg/1500px-Yarkon_Park_Aerial_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7464" data-file-height="2540" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarkon_Park_Aerial_01.jpg" title="File:Yarkon Park Aerial 01.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Yarkon_Park" title="Yarkon Park">Yarkon Park</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Atidim" title="Kiryat Atidim">Kiryat Atidim</a> to the Mediterranean Sea</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_52846_cities_in_israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PikiWiki_Israel_52846_cities_in_israel.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_52846_cities_in_israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PikiWiki_Israel_52846_cities_in_israel.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_52846_cities_in_israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PikiWiki_Israel_52846_cities_in_israel.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_52846_cities_in_israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3996" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rainstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainstorm">Rainstorm</a> in Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: Csa),<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> and enjoys plenty of sunshine throughout the year. Most precipitation falls in the form of rain between the months of October and April, with intervening dry summers, and there is almost no rainfall from June to September. The average annual temperature is 20.9 °C (69.6 °F), and the average sea temperature is 18–20 °C (64–68 °F) during the winter, and 24–29 °C (75–84 °F) during the summer. The city averages 528 mm (20.8 in) of precipitation annually. Summers in Tel Aviv last about five months, from June to October. August, the warmest month, averages a high of 30.6 °C (87.1 °F), and a low of 25 °C (77 °F). The high relative humidity due to the location of the city by the Mediterranean Sea, in a combination with the high temperatures, creates a <a href="/wiki/Thermal_comfort" title="Thermal comfort">thermal discomfort</a> during the summer. Summer low temperatures in Tel Aviv seldom drop below 20 °C (68 °F). Winters are mild and wet, with most of the annual precipitation falling within the months of December, January and February as intense rainfall and thunderstorms. In January, the coolest month, the average maximum temperature is 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), the minimum temperature averages 10.2 °C (50.4 °F). During the coldest days of winter, temperatures may vary between 8 °C (46 °F) and 12 °C (54 °F). Both freezing temperatures and snowfall are extremely rare in the city. Autumns and springs are characterized by sharp temperature changes, with heat waves that might be created due to hot and dry air masses that arrive from the nearby deserts. During heatwaves in autumn and springs, temperatures usually climb up to 35 °C (95 °F) and even up to 40 °C (104 °F), accompanied with exceptionally low humidity. An average day during autumn and spring has a high of 23 °C (73 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F), and a low of 15 °C (59 °F) to 18 °C (64 °F). The highest recorded temperature in Tel Aviv was 46.5 °C (115.7 °F) on 17 May 1916, and the lowest is −1.9 °C (28.6 °F) on 7 February 1950, during a cold wave that brought the <a href="/wiki/Snow_in_Israel#History" title="Snow in Israel">only recorded snowfall</a> in Tel Aviv. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tel Aviv (Temperature: 1987–2010, Precipitation: 1980–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2 (91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3 (100.9) </td> <td style="background: #DD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.9 (111.0) </td> <td style="background: #BA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.5 (115.7) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.4 (111.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.4 (106.5) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.0 (107.6) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.4 (111.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5 (92.3) </td> <td style="background: #BA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.5 (115.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 (95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.5 (95.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3 (81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.0 (75.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8 (76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.3 (68.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 (49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.4 (61.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 (46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 (51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #23FF23; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147 (5.8) </td> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111 (4.4) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 (2.4) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16 (0.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 (0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 (3.2) </td> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">583 (22.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 1200 GMT) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.2 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">200.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.6 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270.0 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">328.6 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">357.0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">368.9 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">356.5 </td> <td style="background: #F0F011; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">279.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.1 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,311 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Israel Meteorological Service<a href="#cite_note-ims-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-Precipitation_average-130">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a> for data of sunshine hours<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tel Aviv the West Coast (2005–2014) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3 (100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1 (102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4 (101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7 (98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5 (90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5 (103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5 (85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.5 (103.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6 (72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9 (75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.3 (75.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3 (66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1 (75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.2 (64.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Israel Meteorological Service databases<a href="#cite_note-imsdb-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Tel Aviv mean sea temperature ˚C (˚F)<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:115%; text-align: center;"> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17.9 (64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26.3 (79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20.6 (69.1) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tel_Aviv" title="Mayor of Tel Aviv">Mayor of Tel Aviv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayoral_elections_in_Tel_Aviv" title="Mayoral elections in Tel Aviv">Mayoral elections in Tel Aviv</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20200812_113741_Tel_Aviv-Yafo_City_Hall_and_Rabin_Square_anagoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/20200812_113741_Tel_Aviv-Yafo_City_Hall_and_Rabin_Square_anagoria.jpg/220px-20200812_113741_Tel_Aviv-Yafo_City_Hall_and_Rabin_Square_anagoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/20200812_113741_Tel_Aviv-Yafo_City_Hall_and_Rabin_Square_anagoria.jpg/330px-20200812_113741_Tel_Aviv-Yafo_City_Hall_and_Rabin_Square_anagoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/20200812_113741_Tel_Aviv-Yafo_City_Hall_and_Rabin_Square_anagoria.jpg/440px-20200812_113741_Tel_Aviv-Yafo_City_Hall_and_Rabin_Square_anagoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_City_Hall" title="Tel Aviv City Hall">Tel Aviv City Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabin_Square" title="Rabin Square">Rabin Square</a></figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is governed by a 31-member city council elected for a five-year term by in direct proportional elections,<a href="#cite_note-govt-135">[133]</a> and a mayor elected for the same term by direct elections under a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round system</a>. Like all other mayors in Israel, no <a href="/wiki/Term_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Term limits">term limits</a> exist for the Mayor of Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> All Israeli citizens over the age of 17 with at least one year of residence in Tel Aviv are eligible to vote in municipal elections. The municipality is responsible for social services, community programs, public infrastructure, urban planning, tourism and other local affairs.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> The Tel Aviv City Hall is located at <a href="/wiki/Rabin_Square" title="Rabin Square">Rabin Square</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ron_Huldai" title="Ron Huldai">Ron Huldai</a> has been mayor of Tel Aviv since 1998.<a href="#cite_note-govt-135">[133]</a> Huldai was reelected for a fifth term in the 2018 municipal elections, defeating former deputy <a href="/wiki/Asaf_Zamir" title="Asaf Zamir">Asaf Zamir</a>, founder of the Ha'Ir party.<a href="#cite_note-ToIWootliff-140">[138]</a> Huldai's has become the longest-serving mayor of the city, exceeding <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Lahat" title="Shlomo Lahat">Shlomo Lahat</a>'s 19-year term.<a href="#cite_note-ToIWootliff-140">[138]</a> The shortest-serving was <a href="/wiki/David_Bloch-Blumenfeld" title="David Bloch-Blumenfeld">David Bloch</a>, in office for two years, 1925–27. Politically, Tel Aviv is known to be a stronghold for the left, in both local and national issues. The left wing vote is especially prevalent in the city's mostly affluent central and northern neighborhoods, though not the case for its working-class southeastern neighborhoods which tend to vote for right wing parties in national elections.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> Outside the <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutzim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a> receives more votes in Tel Aviv than in any other city in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tel_Aviv_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Tel_Aviv_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tel_Aviv_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Tel_Aviv_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tel_Aviv_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Tel_Aviv_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>Tel Aviv population pyramid in 2021</figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv has a population of 474,530 spread over a land area of 52,000 dunams (52 km2; 20 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-2">[2]</a> yielding a population density of 7,606 people per square km (19,699 per square mile). According to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (CBS), as of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&action=edit">[update]</a> Tel Aviv's population was growing at an annual rate of 0.5 percent. Jews of all backgrounds formed 91.8 percent of the population, Muslims and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a> made up 4.2 percent, and the remainder belonged to other groups (including various Christian and Asian communities).<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> As Tel Aviv is a multicultural city, many languages are spoken in addition to <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>. According to some estimates, about 50,000 unregistered African and Asian <a href="/wiki/Foreign_worker" title="Foreign worker">foreign workers</a> live in the city.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> Compared with Westernised cities, crime in Tel Aviv is relatively low.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Above_Tel-Aviv_(119529360).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Above_Tel-Aviv_%28119529360%29.jpg/220px-Above_Tel-Aviv_%28119529360%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Above_Tel-Aviv_%28119529360%29.jpg/330px-Above_Tel-Aviv_%28119529360%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Above_Tel-Aviv_%28119529360%29.jpg/440px-Above_Tel-Aviv_%28119529360%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> According to Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, the average income in the city, which had an <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a> rate of 4.6% in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> is 20% above the national average.<a href="#cite_note-TA_Stats-147">[145]</a> The city's education standards are above the national average: of its 12th-grade students, 64.4 percent are eligible for <a href="/wiki/Bagrut" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagrut">matriculation certificates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TA_Stats-147">[145]</a> The age profile is relatively even, with 22.2 percent aged under 20, 18.5 percent aged 20–29, 24 percent aged 30–44, 16.2 percent aged between 45 and 59, and 19.1 percent older than 60.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> Tel Aviv's population reached a peak in the early 1960s at around 390,000, falling to 317,000 in the late 1980s as high property prices forced families out and deterred young couples from moving in.<a href="#cite_note-profile-66">[64]</a> Since the 1990s, population has steadily grown.<a href="#cite_note-profile-66">[64]</a> Today, the city's population is young and growing.<a href="#cite_note-young-149">[147]</a> In 2006, 22,000 people moved to the city, while only 18,500 left,<a href="#cite_note-young-149">[147]</a> and many of the new families had young children. The population is expected to reach 535,000 in 2030;<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> meanwhile, the average age of residents fell from 35.8 in 1983 to 34 in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-young-149">[147]</a> The population over age 65 stands at 14.6 percent compared with 19% in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-young-149">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Synagogue_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Great_Synagogue_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/220px-Great_Synagogue_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Great_Synagogue_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/330px-Great_Synagogue_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Great_Synagogue_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/440px-Great_Synagogue_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7356" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Tel_Aviv)" title="Great Synagogue (Tel Aviv)">Great Synagogue</a> is a largest synagogue in center of Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv has 544 active synagogues,<a href="#cite_note-LauINN-151">[149]</a> including historic buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Tel_Aviv)" title="Great Synagogue (Tel Aviv)">Great Synagogue</a>, established in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> In 2008, a center for secular <a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">Jewish studies</a> and a <a href="/wiki/BINA_Center_for_Jewish_Identity_and_Hebrew_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="BINA Center for Jewish Identity and Hebrew Culture">secular yeshiva</a> opened in the city.<a href="#cite_note-arfa-153">[151]</a> Tensions between religious and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">secular Jews</a> before the 2006 gay pride parade ended in vandalism of a synagogue.<a href="#cite_note-cohen-154">[152]</a> The number of churches has grown to accommodate the religious needs of diplomats and foreign workers.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> In 2019, the population was 89.9% Jewish, and 4.5% Arab; among Arabs, 82.8% were Muslim, 16.4% were Christian, and 0.8% were <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> The remaining 5 percent were not classified by religion. <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Meir_Lau" title="Yisrael Meir Lau">Israel Meir Lau</a> is <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi" title="Chief Rabbi">Chief Rabbi</a> of the city.<a href="#cite_note-lau-157">[155]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel-04688_-_Mahmadiyya_Mosque_(32851646813).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Israel-04688_-_Mahmadiyya_Mosque_%2832851646813%29.jpg/220px-Israel-04688_-_Mahmadiyya_Mosque_%2832851646813%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Israel-04688_-_Mahmadiyya_Mosque_%2832851646813%29.jpg/330px-Israel-04688_-_Mahmadiyya_Mosque_%2832851646813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Israel-04688_-_Mahmadiyya_Mosque_%2832851646813%29.jpg/440px-Israel-04688_-_Mahmadiyya_Mosque_%2832851646813%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahmoudiya_Mosque" title="Mahmoudiya Mosque">Mahmoudiya Mosque</a> is the largest mosque in Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is an ethnically diverse city. The Jewish population, which forms the majority group in Tel Aviv, consists of the descendants of immigrants from all parts of the world, including <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> from Europe, North America, South America, Australia and South Africa, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi Jews</a> from Southern Europe, North Africa, India, Central Asia, West Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula. There are also a sizable number of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Jews">Ethiopian Jews</a> and their descendants living in Tel Aviv. In addition to Muslim and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Christian">Arab Christian</a> minorities in the city, several hundred <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> Christians reside in the city, concentrated mainly in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>. There are also some Christians from the former Soviet Union who immigrated to Israel with Jewish spouses and relatives. In recent years, Tel Aviv has received many non-Jewish migrants from Asia and Africa, students, foreign workers (documented and undocumented) and refugees. There are many economic migrants and refugees from African countries, primarily <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, located in the southern part of the city.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Tel_Aviv" title="Neighborhoods of Tel Aviv">Neighborhoods of Tel Aviv</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_station_from_the_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Central_station_from_the_air.jpg/220px-Central_station_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Central_station_from_the_air.jpg/330px-Central_station_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Central_station_from_the_air.jpg/440px-Central_station_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Neve_Sha%27anan,_Tel_Aviv" title="Neve Sha'anan, Tel Aviv">Neve Sha'anan</a> and the central bus station</figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is divided into nine boroughs that have formed naturally over the city's short history. The oldest of these is Jaffa, the ancient <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port city</a> out of which Tel Aviv grew. This area is traditionally made up demographically of a greater percentage of Arabs, but recent <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> is replacing them with a young professional and artist population. Similar processes are occurring in nearby <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a>, the original Jewish neighborhood outside of Jaffa. <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Aviv" title="Ramat Aviv">Ramat Aviv</a>, a district in the northern part of the city that is largely made up of luxury apartments and includes <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>, is currently undergoing extensive expansion and is set to absorb the beachfront property of Sde Dov Airport after its decommissioning.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> The area known as <a href="/wiki/HaKirya" title="HaKirya">HaKirya</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> (IDF) headquarters and a large <a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">military base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yarkoni-117">[115]</a> Moreover, in the past few years, <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_Boulevard" title="Rothschild Boulevard">Rothschild Boulevard</a> which is beginning in Neve Tzedek has become an attraction for tourists, businesses and startups. It features a wide, tree-lined central strip with pedestrian and bike lanes. Historically, there was a demographic split between the <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> northern side of the city, including the district of Ramat Aviv, and the southern, more <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi</a> neighborhoods including <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florentin,_Tel_Aviv" title="Florentin, Tel Aviv">Florentin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-39">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KiriaPicture_036.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/KiriaPicture_036.jpg/220px-KiriaPicture_036.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/KiriaPicture_036.jpg/330px-KiriaPicture_036.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/KiriaPicture_036.jpg/440px-KiriaPicture_036.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HaKirya" title="HaKirya">HaKirya</a> neighborhood</figcaption></figure> Since the 1980s, major restoration and gentrification projects have been implemented in southern Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-39">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source</a>] Baruch Yoscovitz, city planner for Tel Aviv beginning in 2001, reworked old British plans for the Florentin neighborhood from the 1920s, adding green areas, pedestrian malls, and housing. The municipality invested two million shekels in the project. The goal was to make Florentin the <a href="/wiki/Soho" title="Soho">Soho</a> of Tel Aviv, and attract artists and young professionals to the neighborhood. Street artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Dede_(artist)" title="Dede (artist)">Dede</a>, installation artists such as <a href="/wiki/Sigalit_Landau" title="Sigalit Landau">Sigalit Landau</a>, and many others made the upbeat neighborhood their home base.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> Florentin is now known as a hip, "cool" place to be in Tel Aviv with coffeehouses, markets, bars, galleries and parties.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91.jpg/220px-%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91.jpg/330px-%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91.jpg/440px-%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4702" data-file-height="2793" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Sourasky_Medical_Center" title="Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center">Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center</a></figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is home to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Sourasky_Medical_Center" title="Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center">Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center</a>, the third-largest hospital complex in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> It contains Ichilov Hospital, the Ida Sourasky Rehabilitation Center, Lis Maternity and Women's Hospital, and Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital. The city also contains <a href="/wiki/Assuta_Medical_Center" title="Assuta Medical Center">Assuta Medical Center</a>, a private hospital which offers surgical and diagnostic services in all fields of medicine and has an <a href="/wiki/IVF" class="mw-redirect" title="IVF">IVF</a> clinic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_University_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tel_Aviv_University_01.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv_University_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tel_Aviv_University_01.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv_University_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tel_Aviv_University_01.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv_University_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3078" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a></figcaption></figure> In 2006, 51,359 children attended school in Tel Aviv, of whom 8,977 were in municipal kindergartens, 23,573 in municipal elementary schools, and 18,809 in high schools.<a href="#cite_note-TA_Stats-147">[145]</a> Sixty-four percent of students in the city are entitled to matriculation, more than 5 percent higher than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-TA_Stats-147">[145]</a> About 4,000 children are in first grade at schools in the city, and population growth is expected to raise this number to 6,000.<a href="#cite_note-young-149">[147]</a> As a result, 20 additional kindergarten classes were opened in 2008–09 in the city. A new elementary school is planned north of Sde Dov as well as a new high school in northern Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-young-149">[147]</a> The first Hebrew high school, called <a href="/wiki/Herzliya_Hebrew_Gymnasium" title="Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium">Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium</a>, was established in Jaffa in 1905 and moved to Tel Aviv after its founding in 1909, where a new campus on Herzl Street was constructed for it. <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>, the largest university in Israel, is known internationally for its <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> departments. Together with <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a> in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a>, the student population numbers over 50,000, including a sizeable <a href="/wiki/International_student" title="International student">international community</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> Its campus is located in the neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Aviv" title="Ramat Aviv">Ramat Aviv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> Tel Aviv also has several colleges.<a href="#cite_note-colleges-167">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Herzliya_Hebrew_Gymnasium" title="Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium">Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium</a> moved from Jaffa to old Tel Aviv in 1909 and moved to <a href="/wiki/Jabotinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabotinsky">Jabotinsky</a> Street in the early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> Other notable schools in Tel Aviv include <a href="/wiki/Shevah_Mofet" title="Shevah Mofet">Shevah Mofet</a>, the second <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_school" title="Hebrew school">Hebrew school</a> in the city, Ironi Alef High School for Arts and <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Israelite_Universelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance Israelite Universelle">Alliance</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azrieli_sarona_tower_and_mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Azrieli_sarona_tower_and_mall.jpg/170px-Azrieli_sarona_tower_and_mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Azrieli_sarona_tower_and_mall.jpg/255px-Azrieli_sarona_tower_and_mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Azrieli_sarona_tower_and_mall.jpg/340px-Azrieli_sarona_tower_and_mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="1293" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Sarona_Tower" title="Azrieli Sarona Tower">Azrieli Sarona Tower</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Israel" title="List of tallest buildings in Israel">tallest building in Israel</a></figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv has been ranked as the twenty-fifth most important financial center in the world.<a href="#cite_note-longfinance1-169">[167]</a> In 1926, the country's first shopping arcade, Passage Pensak, was built there.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> By 1936, as tens of thousands of middle class <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">immigrants</a> arrived from Europe, Tel Aviv was already the largest city in Palestine. A small port was built at the Yarkon estuary, and many cafes, clubs and cinemas opened. Herzl Street became a commercial thoroughfare at this time.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> Economic activities account for 17 percent of the GDP.<a href="#cite_note-profile-66">[64]</a> In 2011, Tel Aviv had an unemployment rate of 4.4 percent.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> The city has been described as a "flourishing technological center" by <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> and a "miniature Los Angeles" by <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek-174">[172]</a> In 1998, the city was described by Newsweek as one of the 10 most technologically influential cities in the world. Since then, high-tech industry in the Tel Aviv area has continued to develop.<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek-174">[172]</a> The Tel Aviv metropolitan area (including <a href="/wiki/Satellite_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite town">satellite cities</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a>) is Israel's center of high-tech, sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Wadi" title="Silicon Wadi">Silicon Wadi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-mercer-175">[173]</a> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Study_Group_and_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network">Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network</a> (GaWC) at <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a> reissued an inventory of <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">world cities</a> based on their level of advanced producer services. Tel Aviv was ranked as an <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">alpha- world city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lboro.ac.uk-176">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Atidim" title="Kiryat Atidim">Kiryat Atidim</a> <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high tech</a> zone opened in 1972 and the city has become a major world high tech hub. In December 2012, the city was ranked second on a list of top places to found a high tech <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup company</a>, just behind <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> In 2013, Tel Aviv had more than 700 startup companies and research and development centers, and was ranked the second-most innovative city in the world, behind <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a> and ahead of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>, nine of its fifteen Israeli-born billionaires live in Israel; four live in Tel Aviv and its suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">cost of living</a> in Israel is high, with Tel Aviv being its most expensive city to live in. In 2021, Tel Aviv became the world's most expensive city to live in, according to the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCcol-17">[15]</a> Shopping malls in Tel Aviv include <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Center" title="Dizengoff Center">Dizengoff Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Aviv_Mall" title="Ramat Aviv Mall">Ramat Aviv Mall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Center" title="Azrieli Center">Azrieli Shopping Mall</a> and markets such as Carmel Market, Ha'Tikva Market, and Bezalel Market. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange_-_New_Building_Lobby_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange_-_New_Building_Lobby_1.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange_-_New_Building_Lobby_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange_-_New_Building_Lobby_1.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange_-_New_Building_Lobby_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange_-_New_Building_Lobby_1.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange_-_New_Building_Lobby_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange" title="Tel Aviv Stock Exchange">Tel Aviv Stock Exchange</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RothschildBoulevardTowersMay2014Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/RothschildBoulevardTowersMay2014Cropped.jpg/220px-RothschildBoulevardTowersMay2014Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/RothschildBoulevardTowersMay2014Cropped.jpg/330px-RothschildBoulevardTowersMay2014Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/RothschildBoulevardTowersMay2014Cropped.jpg/440px-RothschildBoulevardTowersMay2014Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2079" /></a><figcaption>Towers on <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_Boulevard" title="Rothschild Boulevard">Rothschild Boulevard</a></figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is home to the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange" title="Tel Aviv Stock Exchange">Tel Aviv Stock Exchange</a> (TASE), Israel's only <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a>, which has reached record heights since the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> The Tel Aviv Stock exchange has also gained attention for its resilience and ability to recover from war and disasters. For example, the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange was higher on the last day of both the 2006 Lebanon war and the 2009 Operation in Gaza than on the first day of fighting.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> Many international <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture-capital</a> firms, <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific research</a> institutes and high-tech companies are headquartered in the city. Industries in Tel Aviv include chemical processing, textile plants and food manufacturers.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-39">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source</a>] Tel Aviv is ranked the 4th top global startup ecosystem hub according to the startup genome.<a href="#cite_note-:04-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-16">[14]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_and_recreation">Tourism and recreation</h3></div> Tel Aviv receives about 2.5 million international visitors annually, the fifth-most-visited city in the Middle East & Africa.<a href="#cite_note-MasterCard_ranks_Tel_Aviv_as_fifth_most_visited_city_in_Middle_East_and_Africa-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tourists_rank_Jerusalem_and_Tel_Aviv_among_top_cities_to_visit-20">[18]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Frank" title="Knight Frank">Knight Frank</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Global_city#World_City_Survey" title="Global city">world city survey</a> ranked it 34th globally.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> Tel Aviv has been named the third "hottest city for 2011" (behind only New York City and Tangier) by <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>, third-best in the Middle East and Africa by <a href="/wiki/Travel_%2B_Leisure" title="Travel + Leisure">Travel + Leisure magazine</a> (behind only Cape Town and Jerusalem), and the ninth-best <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">beach city</a> in the world by <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Top_10_Beach_Cities-187">[185]</a> Tel Aviv is consistently ranked as one of the top <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> destinations in the world.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> The city has also been ranked as one of the top 10 oceanfront cities.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> Tel Aviv is known as "the city that never sleeps" and a "party capital" due to its thriving <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">nightlife</a>, young atmosphere and famous <a href="/wiki/24/7" class="mw-redirect" title="24/7">24-hour culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Top_10_party_towns-191">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet.com-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> Tel Aviv has branches of some of the world's leading hotels, including the <a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza" title="Crowne Plaza">Crowne Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheraton_Hotels_and_Resorts" title="Sheraton Hotels and Resorts">Sheraton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Hotels" title="Dan Hotels">Dan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isrotel_Tower" title="Isrotel Tower">Isrotel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Hotels" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilton Hotels">Hilton</a>. It is home to many museums, architectural and cultural sites, with city tours available in different languages.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> Apart from bus tours, architectural tours, <a href="/wiki/Segway_PT" class="mw-redirect" title="Segway PT">Segway</a> tours, and walking tours are also popular.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> Tel Aviv has 44 hotels with more than 6,500 rooms.<a href="#cite_note-TA_Stats-147">[145]</a> The <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A3_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91-%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95" class="extiw" title="he:רצועת חוף תל אביב-יפו">beaches of Tel Aviv</a> and the city's <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Promenade" title="Tel Aviv Promenade">promenade</a> play a major role in the city's cultural and touristic scene, often ranked as some of the best beaches in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Top_10_Beach_Cities-187">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_Park" title="Yarkon Park">Yarkon Park</a> is the most visited <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">urban park</a> in Israel, with 16 million visitors annually. Other parks within city limits include <a href="/wiki/Charles_Clore_Park" title="Charles Clore Park">Charles Clore Park</a>, Independence Park, <a href="/wiki/Meir_Park,_Tel_Aviv" title="Meir Park, Tel Aviv">Meir Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dubnow_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnow Park">Dubnow Park</a>. About 19% of the city land are green spaces.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1108px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SkyView of Tel Aviv"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tel_Aviv_Panorama.jpg/1100px-Tel_Aviv_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1100" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tel_Aviv_Panorama.jpg/1650px-Tel_Aviv_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tel_Aviv_Panorama.jpg/2200px-Tel_Aviv_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4863" data-file-height="987" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Tel Aviv Panorama.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">SkyView of Tel Aviv</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_culture" title="Tel Aviv culture">Tel Aviv culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/White_City_(Tel_Aviv)" class="mw-redirect" title="White City (Tel Aviv)">White City (Tel Aviv)</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Tel_Aviv" title="List of tallest buildings in Tel Aviv">List of tallest buildings in Tel Aviv</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_5189_Neve_Tzedek_in_Tel-Aviv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PikiWiki_Israel_5189_Neve_Tzedek_in_Tel-Aviv.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_5189_Neve_Tzedek_in_Tel-Aviv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PikiWiki_Israel_5189_Neve_Tzedek_in_Tel-Aviv.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_5189_Neve_Tzedek_in_Tel-Aviv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PikiWiki_Israel_5189_Neve_Tzedek_in_Tel-Aviv.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_5189_Neve_Tzedek_in_Tel-Aviv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>1930s <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> (left) and 1920s <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">Eclectic</a> (right) architectural styles</figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is home to different <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural styles</a> that represent influential periods in its history. The early architecture of Tel Aviv consisted largely of European-style single-storey houses with red-tiled roofs.<a href="#cite_note-arch-199">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a>, the first neighbourhood to be built outside of Jaffa, is characterised by two-storey sandstone buildings.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-29">[27]</a> By the 1920s, a new <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">eclectic Orientalist style</a> came into vogue, combining European architecture with Eastern features such as arches, domes and ornamental tiles.<a href="#cite_note-arch-199">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pagoda_House" title="Pagoda House">Pagoda House</a> (Beit HaPagoda), designed by Alexander Levy and built in 1924, is an example of this style.<a href="#cite_note-TA-200">[198]</a> Municipal construction followed the "<a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">garden city</a>" <a href="/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy">master plan</a> drawn up by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Geddes" title="Patrick Geddes">Patrick Geddes</a>. Two- and three-storey buildings were interspersed with boulevards and public parks.<a href="#cite_note-arch-199">[197]</a> Various architectural styles, such as <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, classical and modernist also exist in Tel Aviv. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A11.jpg/220px-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A11.jpg/330px-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A11.jpg/440px-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2372" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_Museum_Tel_Aviv" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauhaus Museum Tel Aviv">Bauhaus Museum</a> displaying Bauhaus furnishings</figcaption></figure> Bauhaus architecture was introduced in the 1920s and 1930s by German Jewish architects who settled in Palestine after the rise of the Nazis. Tel Aviv's <a href="/wiki/White_City_(Tel_Aviv)" class="mw-redirect" title="White City (Tel Aviv)">White City</a>, around the city center, contains more than 5,000 Modernist-style buildings inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauhaus school">Bauhaus school</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-times-30">[28]</a> Construction of these buildings, later declared protected landmarks and, collectively, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, continued until the 1950s in the area around <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_Boulevard" title="Rothschild Boulevard">Rothschild Boulevard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-times-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> Some 3,000 buildings were created in this style between 1931 and 1939 alone.<a href="#cite_note-arch-199">[197]</a> In the 1960s, this architectural style gave way to office towers and a chain of waterfront hotels and commercial skyscrapers.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-39">[37]</a> Some of the city's Modernist buildings were neglected to the point of ruin. Before legislation to preserve this landmark architecture, many of the old buildings were demolished. Efforts are under way to refurbish Bauhaus buildings and restore them to their original condition.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel-Aviv_AzrielyTowers_T36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tel-Aviv_AzrielyTowers_T36.jpg/220px-Tel-Aviv_AzrielyTowers_T36.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tel-Aviv_AzrielyTowers_T36.jpg/330px-Tel-Aviv_AzrielyTowers_T36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tel-Aviv_AzrielyTowers_T36.jpg/440px-Tel-Aviv_AzrielyTowers_T36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2495" data-file-height="2343" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Center" title="Azrieli Center">Azrieli Center</a> complex contains some of the tallest skyscrapers in Tel Aviv.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Shalom_Meir_Tower" title="Shalom Meir Tower">Shalom Meir Tower</a>, Israel's first skyscraper, was built in Tel Aviv in 1965 and remained the country's tallest building until 1999. At the time of its construction, the building rivaled Europe's tallest buildings in height, and was the tallest in the Middle East. In the mid-1990s, the construction of skyscrapers began throughout the entire city, altering its skyline. Before that, Tel Aviv had had a generally low-rise skyline.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> In 2010, the Tel Aviv Municipality's Planning and Construction Committee launched a new master plan for the city for 2025. It decided not to allow the construction of any additional skyscrapers in the city center, while at the same time greatly increasing the construction of skyscrapers in the east. The ban extends to an area between the coast and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Gabirol_Street" title="Ibn Gabirol Street">Ibn Gabirol Street</a>, and also between the <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_River" title="Yarkon River">Yarkon River</a> and Eilat Street. It did not extend to towers already under construction or approved. One final proposed skyscraper project was approved, while dozens of others had to be scrapped. Any new buildings there will usually not be allowed to rise above six and a half stories. However, hotel towers along almost the entire beachfront will be allowed to rise up to 25 stories. According to the plan, large numbers of skyscrapers and high-rise buildings at least 18 stories tall would be built in the entire area between Ibn Gabirol Street and the eastern city limits, as part of the master plan's goal of doubling the city's office space to cement Tel Aviv as the business capital of Israel. Under the plan, "forests" of corporate skyscrapers will line both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Highway_20_(Israel)" title="Highway 20 (Israel)">Ayalon Highway</a>. Further south, skyscrapers rising up to 40 stories will be built along the old Ottoman railway between <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florentin,_Tel_Aviv" title="Florentin, Tel Aviv">Florentine</a>, with the first such tower there being the <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek_Tower" title="Neve Tzedek Tower">Neve Tzedek Tower</a>. Along nearby Shlavim Street, passing between Jaffa and south Tel Aviv, office buildings up to 25 stories will line both sides of the street, which will be widened to accommodate traffic from the city's southern entrance to the center.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_museums">Arts and museums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_in_Israel" title="Visual arts in Israel">Visual arts in Israel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_15282_Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/PikiWiki_Israel_15282_Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_15282_Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/PikiWiki_Israel_15282_Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_15282_Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/PikiWiki_Israel_15282_Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_15282_Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art" title="Tel Aviv Museum of Art">Tel Aviv Museum of Art</a>, the Herta and Paul Amir Building</figcaption></figure> In the 1920s Tel-Aviv gradually became the center of art in Israel. In 1919, several prominent Olim from <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odessa</a> arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_(ship)" title="Ruslan (ship)">Ruslan ship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:03-206">[204]</a> In 1920 some of these set up the <a href="/wiki/Ha-Tomer" title="Ha-Tomer">HaTomer</a> art cooperative as well as opened the first modern art exhibition in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-:03-206">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-:032-207">[205]</a> In the 1925 following the return of <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Frenkel" title="Yitzhak Frenkel">Isaac Frenkel Frenel</a> from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and his opening of the <a href="/wiki/Histadrut_Art_Studio" title="Histadrut Art Studio">Histadrut art studio</a>, and the introduction of <a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">École de Paris</a> influence; Tel Aviv grew to supplement <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in its cultural importance in the visual arts; especially in respect to modern art.<a href="#cite_note-:02-208">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-209">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> In the late 1920s to 1940s Tel Aviv painters were heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">École de Paris</a>, painting Tel Aviv's urban landscape, people and cafes in a manner influenced by <a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Soutine" title="Chaïm Soutine">Soutine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Pascin" title="Jules Pascin">Pascin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Frenkel" title="Yitzhak Frenkel">Frenel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a> and others from the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-208">[206]</a> Tel Aviv''s bohemian culture was characterized by cafes such as <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Kassit" title="Café Kassit">Kassit</a> which attracted numerous writers and painters.<a href="#cite_note-:2-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> Numerous exhibitions were held in the <a href="/wiki/Ohel_Theater" title="Ohel Theater">Ohel theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Herzliya_Hebrew_Gymnasium" title="Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium">Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium</a> prior to the opening of museums. <a href="/wiki/Reuven_Rubin" title="Reuven Rubin">Reuben Rubin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nachum_Gutman" title="Nachum Gutman">Nahum Gutman</a> also worked and painted in the city, painting in the naive style.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> Tel Aviv hosts the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art" title="Tel Aviv Museum of Art">Tel Aviv museum of art</a>, established in 1932 in <a href="/wiki/Meir_Dizengoff" title="Meir Dizengoff">Meir Dizengoff</a>'s house, since having moved to a new larger location in 1971, as well as numerous galleries.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> Israel has the highest number of museums per capita of any country, with three of the largest located in Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> Among these are the <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel_Museum" title="Eretz Israel Museum">Eretz Israel Museum</a>, known for its collection of archaeology and history exhibits dealing with the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art" title="Tel Aviv Museum of Art">Tel Aviv Museum of Art</a>. In 2023, the Tel Aviv Museum of Art was ranked 48th on <a href="/wiki/The_Art_Newspaper" title="The Art Newspaper">The Art Magazine</a>'s list of the 100 most popular museums in the world. Housed on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a> is <a href="/wiki/ANU_-_Museum_of_the_Jewish_People" class="mw-redirect" title="ANU - Museum of the Jewish People">ANU - Museum of the Jewish People</a>, a museum of the international Jewish diaspora that tells the story of Jewish prosperity and persecution throughout the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">centuries of exile</a>. Batey Haosef Museum specializes in <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military history</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a> Museum near Tel Aviv University offers a multimedia experience of the history of the Palmach. Right next to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Clore_Park" title="Charles Clore Park">Charles Clore Park</a> is a museum of the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Trade_Fairs_%26_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Trade Fairs & Convention Center">Israel Trade Fairs & Convention Center</a>, located in the northern part of the city, hosts more than 60 major events annually. Many offbeat museums and galleries operate in the southern areas, including the Tel Aviv Raw Art <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> gallery.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment_and_performing_arts">Entertainment and performing arts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_Opera_House_(8090164667).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tel_Aviv_Opera_House_%288090164667%29.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv_Opera_House_%288090164667%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tel_Aviv_Opera_House_%288090164667%29.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv_Opera_House_%288090164667%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tel_Aviv_Opera_House_%288090164667%29.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv_Opera_House_%288090164667%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center">Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center</a></figcaption></figure> Tel Aviv is a major center of culture and entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> Eighteen of Israel's 35 major centers for the performing arts are located in the city, including five of the country's nine large theatres, where 55% of all performances in the country and 75 percent of all attendance occurs.<a href="#cite_note-profile-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-culture-224">[222]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center">Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center</a> is home of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Opera" title="Israeli Opera">Israeli Opera</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a> was house tenor between 1962 and 1965, and the <a href="/wiki/Cameri_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameri Theater">Cameri Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> With 2,482 seats, the <a href="/wiki/Heichal_HaTarbut" title="Heichal HaTarbut">Heichal HaTarbut</a> is the city's largest theatre and home to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Israel Philharmonic Orchestra">Israel Philharmonic Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Bronfman_Auditorium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Charles_Bronfman_Auditorium.jpg/220px-Charles_Bronfman_Auditorium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Charles_Bronfman_Auditorium.jpg/330px-Charles_Bronfman_Auditorium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Charles_Bronfman_Auditorium.jpg/440px-Charles_Bronfman_Auditorium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heichal_HaTarbut" title="Heichal HaTarbut">Heichal HaTarbut</a> theatre, home to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Israel Philharmonic Orchestra">Israel Philharmonic Orchestra</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Habima_Theatre" title="Habima Theatre">Habima Theatre</a>, Israel's national theatre, was closed down for renovations in early 2008, and reopened in November 2011 after major remodeling. Enav Cultural Center is one of the newer additions to the cultural scene.<a href="#cite_note-culture-224">[222]</a> Other theatres in Tel Aviv are the Gesher Theatre and <a href="/wiki/Beit_Lessin_Theater" title="Beit Lessin Theater">Beit Lessin Theater</a>; Tzavta and <a href="/wiki/Tmuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tmuna">Tmuna</a> are smaller theatres that host <a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">musical performances</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fringe_theatre" title="Fringe theatre">fringe</a> productions. In Jaffa, the Simta and Notzar theatres specialize in fringe as well. Tel Aviv is home to the <a href="/wiki/Batsheva_Dance_Company" title="Batsheva Dance Company">Batsheva Dance Company</a>, a world-famous <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_dance" title="Contemporary dance">contemporary dance</a> troupe. The Israeli Ballet is also based in Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-culture-224">[222]</a> Tel Aviv's center for modern and classical dance is the <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Dellal_Center_for_Dance_and_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater">Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neve_Tzedek" title="Neve Tzedek">Neve Tzedek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iexplore-227">[225]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_35192_Suzan_Dalal_center.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/PikiWiki_Israel_35192_Suzan_Dalal_center.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_35192_Suzan_Dalal_center.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/PikiWiki_Israel_35192_Suzan_Dalal_center.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_35192_Suzan_Dalal_center.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/PikiWiki_Israel_35192_Suzan_Dalal_center.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_35192_Suzan_Dalal_center.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Dellal_Centre_for_Dance_and_Theatre" title="Suzanne Dellal Centre for Dance and Theatre">Suzanne Dellal Centre for Dance and Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> The city often hosts international musicians at venues such as <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_Park" title="Yarkon Park">Yarkon Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expo_Tel_Aviv" title="Expo Tel Aviv">Expo Tel Aviv</a>, the Barby Club, the Zappa Club and Live Park Rishon Lezion just south of Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-228">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-229">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ynet-230">[228]</a> The city hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">Eurovision Song Contest 2019</a> (the first Israeli-hosted Eurovision held outside of Jerusalem), following Israel's win the year prior.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> Opera and classical music performances are held daily in Tel Aviv, with many of the world's leading <a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">classical conductors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solo_(music)" title="Solo (music)">soloists</a> performing on Tel Aviv stages over the years.<a href="#cite_note-culture-224">[222]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Cinematheque" title="Tel Aviv Cinematheque">Tel Aviv Cinematheque</a> screens art movies, premieres of short and full-length Israeli films, and hosts a variety of film festivals, among them the Festival of Animation, Comics and Caricatures, "Icon" Science Fiction and Fantasy Festival, the Student Film Festival, the Jazz, Film and Videotape Festival and Salute to Israeli Cinema. The city has several <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(movie_theater)" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">multiplex cinemas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-culture-224">[222]</a> Tel Aviv is an international hub of highly active and diverse nightlife with bars, dance bars and <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a> staying open well past midnight. The largest area for nightclubs is the Tel Aviv port, where the city's large, commercial clubs and bars draw big crowds of young clubbers from both Tel Aviv and neighboring cities. The South of Tel Aviv is known for the popular <a href="/wiki/Haoman_17" title="Haoman 17">Haoman 17 club</a>, as well as for being the city's main hub of alternative clubbing, with underground venues including established clubs like the Block Club, Comfort 13 and Paradise Garage, as well as various warehouse and loft party venues. The Allenby/Rothschild area is another popular nightlife hub, featuring such clubs as the Pasaz, Radio EPGB and the Penguin. In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Absolut_Vodka" title="Absolut Vodka">Absolut Vodka</a> introduced a specially designed bottle dedicated to Tel Aviv as part of its international cities series.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_culture">LGBT culture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_Gay_Pride_Parade_2015_(18549971060).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tel_Aviv_Gay_Pride_Parade_2015_%2818549971060%29.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv_Gay_Pride_Parade_2015_%2818549971060%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tel_Aviv_Gay_Pride_Parade_2015_%2818549971060%29.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv_Gay_Pride_Parade_2015_%2818549971060%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tel_Aviv_Gay_Pride_Parade_2015_%2818549971060%29.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv_Gay_Pride_Parade_2015_%2818549971060%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Pride" title="Tel Aviv Pride">Tel Aviv Pride</a> is the largest annual <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">pride parade</a> in the Middle East and Asia.</figcaption></figure> Named "the best gay city in the world" by <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>, Tel Aviv is one of the most popular destinations for <a href="/wiki/LGBT_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT tourism">LGBT tourists</a> internationally, with a large <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> community.<a href="#cite_note-Was_Arafat_Gay?-233">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burden-234">[232]</a> Approximately 25% of Tel Aviv's population identify as <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> American journalist <a href="/wiki/David_Kaufman_(journalist)" title="David Kaufman (journalist)">David Kaufman</a> has described the city as a place "packed with the kind of 'we're here, we're queer', vibe more typically found in Sydney and San Francisco". The city hosts its well-known <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Pride" title="Tel Aviv Pride">pride parade</a>, the biggest in Asia, attracting over 200,000 people yearly.<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> In January 2008, Tel Aviv's municipality established the city's <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Municipal_LGBT_Community_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv Municipal LGBT Community Center">LGBT Community center</a>, providing all of the municipal and cultural services to the LGBT community under one roof. In December 2008, Tel Aviv began putting together a team of gay athletes for the <a href="/wiki/2009_World_Outgames" title="2009 World Outgames">2009 World Outgames</a> in Copenhagen.<a href="#cite_note-zeitun-238">[236]</a> In addition, Tel Aviv hosts an annual LGBT <a href="/wiki/Film_festival" title="Film festival">film festival</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/TLVFest" title="TLVFest">TLVFest</a>. Tel Aviv's LGBT community is the subject of <a href="/wiki/Eytan_Fox" title="Eytan Fox">Eytan Fox</a>'s 2006 film <a href="/wiki/The_Bubble_(2006_film)" title="The Bubble (2006 film)">The Bubble</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3></div> Tel Aviv has become an international center of fashion and design.<a href="#cite_note-T+L1-239">[237]</a> It has been called the "next hot destination" for fashion.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Israeli designers, such as swimwear company <a href="/wiki/Gottex" title="Gottex">Gottex</a> show their collections at leading fashion shows, including New York's <a href="/wiki/Bryant_Park" title="Bryant Park">Bryant Park</a> fashion show.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2011, Tel Aviv hosted its first <a href="/wiki/Fashion_week" title="Fashion week">fashion week</a> since the 1980s, with Italian designer <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli" title="Roberto Cavalli">Roberto Cavalli</a> as a guest of honor.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reshet_Building_Tel_Aviv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Reshet_Building_Tel_Aviv.jpg/220px-Reshet_Building_Tel_Aviv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Reshet_Building_Tel_Aviv.jpg/330px-Reshet_Building_Tel_Aviv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Reshet_Building_Tel_Aviv.jpg/440px-Reshet_Building_Tel_Aviv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reshet" title="Reshet">Reshet</a> studio building in Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> The three largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Israel" title="List of newspapers in Israel">newspaper companies</a> in Israel: <a href="/wiki/Yedioth_Ahronoth" title="Yedioth Ahronoth">Yedioth Ahronoth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maariv_(newspaper)" title="Maariv (newspaper)">Maariv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> are all based within the city limits.<a href="#cite_note-news-241">[239]</a> Several radio stations cover the Tel Aviv area, including the city-based Radio Tel Aviv.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> The two major Israeli television networks, <a href="/wiki/Keshet_Media_Group" title="Keshet Media Group">Keshet Media Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reshet" title="Reshet">Reshet</a>, are based in the city, as well as two of the most popular radio stations in Israel: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Army_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Army Radio">Galatz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galgalatz" title="Galgalatz">Galgalatz</a>, which are both based in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>. Studios of the international news channel <a href="/wiki/I24news" class="mw-redirect" title="I24news">i24news</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Port" title="Jaffa Port">Jaffa Port</a> Customs House. An English language radio station, <a href="/wiki/TLV1" title="TLV1">TLV1</a>, is based at <a href="/wiki/Kikar_Hamedina" title="Kikar Hamedina">Kikar Hamedina</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> Tel Aviv is famous for its wide variety of world-class restaurants, offering traditional Israeli dishes as well as international fare.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> More than 100 <a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">sushi</a> restaurants, the third highest concentration in the world, do business in the city.<a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> In Tel Aviv there are some dessert specialties, the most known is the <a href="/wiki/Halva_ice_cream" class="mw-redirect" title="Halva ice cream">Halva ice cream</a> traditionally topped with date syrup and pistachios. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloomfield_Stadium,_January_2022_-_42.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bloomfield_Stadium%2C_January_2022_-_42.jpg/220px-Bloomfield_Stadium%2C_January_2022_-_42.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bloomfield_Stadium%2C_January_2022_-_42.jpg/330px-Bloomfield_Stadium%2C_January_2022_-_42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bloomfield_Stadium%2C_January_2022_-_42.jpg/440px-Bloomfield_Stadium%2C_January_2022_-_42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Stadium" title="Bloomfield Stadium">Bloomfield Stadium</a>, the largest of Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> The city has a number of football stadiums, the largest of which is <a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Stadium" title="Bloomfield Stadium">Bloomfield Stadium</a>, which contains 29,400 seats used by <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Tel_Aviv_F.C." title="Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.">Hapoel Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv_F.C." title="Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.">Maccabi Tel Aviv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Yehuda_Tel_Aviv_F.C." title="Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C.">Bnei Yehuda</a>. Another stadium in the city is the <a href="/wiki/Hatikva_Neighborhood_Stadium" title="Hatikva Neighborhood Stadium">Hatikva Neighborhood Stadium</a>. <a href="/wiki/Menora_Mivtachim_Arena" title="Menora Mivtachim Arena">Menora Mivtachim Arena</a> is a large multi-purpose sports <a href="/wiki/Indoor_arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor arena">indoor arena</a>, The arena is home to the <a href="/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv_B.C." title="Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.">Maccabi Tel Aviv</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Drive_in_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive in Arena">Drive in Arena</a>, a multi-purpose hall that serves as the home ground of the <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Tel_Aviv_B.C." title="Hapoel Tel Aviv B.C.">Hapoel Tel Aviv</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Sport_Center_Tel_Aviv" title="National Sport Center Tel Aviv">National Sport Center Tel Aviv</a> (also Hadar Yosef Sports Center) is a compound of stadiums and sports facilities. It also houses the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Committee_of_Israel" title="Olympic Committee of Israel">Olympic Committee of Israel</a> and the National Athletics Stadium with the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Athletic_Association" title="Israeli Athletic Association">Israeli Athletic Association</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nokia_Arena_-_Israel_vs_Montenegro_-_August_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nokia_Arena_-_Israel_vs_Montenegro_-_August_2012.JPG/220px-Nokia_Arena_-_Israel_vs_Montenegro_-_August_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nokia_Arena_-_Israel_vs_Montenegro_-_August_2012.JPG/330px-Nokia_Arena_-_Israel_vs_Montenegro_-_August_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nokia_Arena_-_Israel_vs_Montenegro_-_August_2012.JPG/440px-Nokia_Arena_-_Israel_vs_Montenegro_-_August_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Menora_Mivtachim_Arena" title="Menora Mivtachim Arena">Menora Mivtachim Arena</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv" title="Maccabi Tel Aviv">Maccabi Tel Aviv Sports Club</a> was founded in 1906 and competes in more than 10 sport fields. Its <a href="/wiki/Basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Basketball team">basketball team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv_B.C." title="Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.">Maccabi Tel Aviv Basketball Club</a>, is a world-known professional team, that holds 57 Israeli titles, has won 46 editions of the Israel cup, and has six European Championships, and its <a href="/wiki/Football_team" title="Football team">football team</a> <a href="/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv_F.C." title="Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.">Maccabi Tel Aviv Football Club</a> has won 25 Israeli league titles and has won 24 <a href="/wiki/Israel_State_Cup" title="Israel State Cup">State Cups</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Toto_Cup" title="Toto Cup">Toto Cups</a> and two <a href="/wiki/AFC_Champions_League" class="mw-redirect" title="AFC Champions League">Asian Club Championships</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yael_Arad" title="Yael Arad">Yael Arad</a>, an athlete in Maccabi's <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a> club, won a silver medal in the <a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Olympic Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marathon_Tel_Aviv_-_Hayarkon_View.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Marathon_Tel_Aviv_-_Hayarkon_View.JPG/220px-Marathon_Tel_Aviv_-_Hayarkon_View.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Marathon_Tel_Aviv_-_Hayarkon_View.JPG/330px-Marathon_Tel_Aviv_-_Hayarkon_View.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Marathon_Tel_Aviv_-_Hayarkon_View.JPG/440px-Marathon_Tel_Aviv_-_Hayarkon_View.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Marathon" title="Tel Aviv Marathon">Tel Aviv Marathon</a> going through <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_Park" title="Yarkon Park">Yarkon Park</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Tel_Aviv" title="Hapoel Tel Aviv">Hapoel Tel Aviv Sports Club</a>, founded in 1923, comprises more than 11 sports clubs,<a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Tel_Aviv_F.C." title="Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.">Hapoel Tel Aviv Football Club</a> (13 championships, 16 State Cups, one Toto Cup and once Asian champions) which plays in <a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Stadium" title="Bloomfield Stadium">Bloomfield Stadium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Tel_Aviv_B.C." title="Hapoel Tel Aviv B.C.">Hapoel Tel Aviv Basketball Club</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Yehuda_Tel_Aviv_F.C." title="Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C.">Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv</a> (once Israeli champion, twice <a href="/wiki/Israel_State_Cup" title="Israel State Cup">State Cup</a> winners and twice <a href="/wiki/Toto_Cup" title="Toto Cup">Toto Cup</a> winner) is the Israeli football team that represents a neighborhood, the <a href="/wiki/Hatikva_Quarter" title="Hatikva Quarter">Hatikva Quarter</a> in Tel Aviv, and not a city. <a href="/wiki/Beitar_Tel_Aviv_Bat_Yam_F.C." title="Beitar Tel Aviv Bat Yam F.C.">Beitar Tel Aviv</a> formerly played in the top division, the club now playing in <a href="/wiki/Liga_Alef" title="Liga Alef">Liga Alef</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maccabi_Jaffa_F.C." title="Maccabi Jaffa F.C.">Maccabi Jaffa</a> formerly played in the top division, the club now playing in <a href="/wiki/Liga_Leumit" title="Liga Leumit">Liga Leumit</a> and represents the <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shimshon_Tel_Aviv_F.C." title="Shimshon Tel Aviv F.C.">Shimshon Tel Aviv</a> formerly played in the top division, the club now playing in <a href="/wiki/Liga_Alef" title="Liga Alef">Liga Alef</a>. There are more Tel Aviv football teams: <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Kfar_Shalem_F.C." title="Hapoel Kfar Shalem F.C.">Hapoel Kfar Shalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/F.C._Bnei_Jaffa_Ortodoxim" title="F.C. Bnei Jaffa Ortodoxim">F.C. Bnei Jaffa Ortodoxim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beitar_Ezra_F.C." title="Beitar Ezra F.C.">Beitar Ezra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beitar_Jaffa_F.C." title="Beitar Jaffa F.C.">Beitar Jaffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elitzur_Jaffa_Tel_Aviv_F.C." title="Elitzur Jaffa Tel Aviv F.C.">Elitzur Jaffa Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/F.C._Roei_Heshbon_Tel_Aviv" title="F.C. Roei Heshbon Tel Aviv">F.C. Roei Heshbon Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gadna_Tel_Aviv_Yehuda_F.C." title="Gadna Tel Aviv Yehuda F.C.">Gadna Tel Aviv Yehuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Kiryat_Shalom_F.C." title="Hapoel Kiryat Shalom F.C.">Hapoel Kiryat Shalom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Neve_Golan_F.C." title="Hapoel Neve Golan F.C.">Hapoel Neve Golan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Ramat_Yisrael_F.C." title="Hapoel Ramat Yisrael F.C.">Hapoel Ramat Yisrael</a>. Two <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a> clubs operate in Tel Aviv. The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Rowing_Club" title="Tel Aviv Rowing Club">Tel Aviv Rowing Club</a>, established in 1935 on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_River" title="Yarkon River">Yarkon River</a>, is the largest rowing club in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> Meanwhile, the beaches of Tel Aviv provide a vibrant <a href="/wiki/Matkot" title="Matkot">Matkot</a> (beach paddleball) scene.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Lightning" title="Tel Aviv Lightning">Tel Aviv Lightning</a> represent Tel Aviv in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Baseball_League" title="Israel Baseball League">Israel Baseball League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> Tel Aviv also has an annual <a href="/wiki/Half_marathon" title="Half marathon">half marathon</a>, run in 2008 by 10,000 athletes with runners coming from around the world.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Marathon" title="Tel Aviv Marathon">Tel Aviv Marathon</a> was revived after a fifteen-year hiatus, and is run annually since, attracting a field of over 18,000 runners.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Tel_Aviv" title="Transport in Tel Aviv">Transport in Tel Aviv</a></div> Tel Aviv is a major transportation hub, served by a comprehensive public transport network, with many major routes of the national transportation network running through the city. As of 2023, 56% of the residents are going to work without using cars and the plan is to expand it to 70% by the end of the decade.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_and_taxi">Bus and taxi</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_Central_Bus_Station_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tel_Aviv_Central_Bus_Station_2.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv_Central_Bus_Station_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tel_Aviv_Central_Bus_Station_2.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv_Central_Bus_Station_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tel_Aviv_Central_Bus_Station_2.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv_Central_Bus_Station_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_central_bus_station" title="Tel Aviv central bus station">Tel Aviv central bus station</a></figcaption></figure> As with the rest of Israel, bus transport is the most common form of public transport and is very widely used. The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_central_bus_station" title="Tel Aviv central bus station">Tel Aviv central bus station</a> is located in the southern part of the city. The main bus network in Tel Aviv metropolitan area operated by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Bus_Company" title="Dan Bus Company">Dan Bus Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropoline" title="Metropoline">Metropoline</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kavim" title="Kavim">Kavim</a>. the <a href="/wiki/Egged_(company)" title="Egged (company)">Egged Bus Cooperative</a>, Israels's largest bus company, provides intercity transportation.<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> The city is also served by local and inter-city <a href="/wiki/Share_taxis" class="mw-redirect" title="Share taxis">share taxis</a>. Many local and inter-city bus routes also have sherut taxis that follow the same route and display the same route number in their window. Fares are standardised within the region and are comparable to or less expensive than bus fares. Unlike other forms of public transport, these taxis also operate on Fridays and Saturdays (the Jewish sabbath "Shabbat"). Private taxis are white with a yellow sign on top. Fares are standardised and metered, but may be negotiated ahead of time with the driver.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail" title="Tel Aviv Light Rail">Tel Aviv Light Rail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Metro" title="Tel Aviv Metro">Tel Aviv Metro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tlvgenel002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tlvgenel002.jpg/220px-Tlvgenel002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tlvgenel002.jpg/330px-Tlvgenel002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tlvgenel002.jpg/440px-Tlvgenel002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Savidor_Central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv Savidor Central railway station">Tel Aviv Savidor Central railway station</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Savidor_Central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv Savidor Central railway station">Tel Aviv Savidor Central railway station</a> is the main railway station of the city, and the second-busiest station in Israel. The city has five additional <a href="/wiki/Israel_Railways" title="Israel Railways">railway stations</a> along the Ayalon Highway: three of them, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv University railway station">Tel Aviv University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_HaShalom_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv HaShalom railway station">HaShalom</a> (the busiest station in Israel, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Center" title="Azrieli Center">Azrieli Center</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_HaHagana_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv HaHagana railway station">HaHagana</a> (near the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_central_bus_station" title="Tel Aviv central bus station">Tel Aviv central bus station</a>), serve Tel Aviv directly, while the remaining two, <a href="/wiki/Holon_Junction_railway_station" title="Holon Junction railway station">Holon Junction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holon%E2%80%93Wolfson_railway_station" title="Holon–Wolfson railway station">Holon–Wolfson</a>, are within Tel Aviv's municipal boundaries but serve the southern suburb of <a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a>. It is estimated that over a million passengers travel by rail to Tel Aviv monthly. The trains do not run on Saturday and the principal Jewish festivals (Rosh Hashana (2 days), Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Simkhat Torah, Pessach (Passover) first and fifth days and Shavuot (Pentecost)). <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_railway_station" title="Jaffa railway station">Jaffa railway station</a> was the first railway station in the Middle East. It served as the terminus for the <a href="/wiki/Jaffa%E2%80%93Jerusalem_railway" title="Jaffa–Jerusalem railway">Jaffa–Jerusalem railway</a>. The station opened in 1891 and closed in 1948. In 2005–2009, the station was restored and converted into an entertainment and leisure venue marketed as "HaTachana", Hebrew for "the station" (see homepage here:<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a>). The Jaffa–Jerusalem railway also included the Tel Aviv Beit Hadar railway station, which was opened in 1920 and replaced in 1970, and the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_South_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv South railway station">Tel Aviv South railway station</a>, which was opened in 1970 to replace Beit Hadar and itself closed in 1993. The <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak%E2%80%93Ramat_HaHayal_railway_station" title="Bnei Brak–Ramat HaHayal railway station">Bnei Brak railway station</a>, while located in Bnei Brak's municipal borders, is closer to the Tel Aviv neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaHayal" title="Ramat HaHayal">Ramat HaHayal</a> than to Bnei Brak's city center and was originally called Tel Aviv North. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv_Red_Line_LRT_Carriage_Prototype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tel_Aviv_Red_Line_LRT_Carriage_Prototype.jpg/220px-Tel_Aviv_Red_Line_LRT_Carriage_Prototype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tel_Aviv_Red_Line_LRT_Carriage_Prototype.jpg/330px-Tel_Aviv_Red_Line_LRT_Carriage_Prototype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tel_Aviv_Red_Line_LRT_Carriage_Prototype.jpg/440px-Tel_Aviv_Red_Line_LRT_Carriage_Prototype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3687" data-file-height="2468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail" title="Tel Aviv Light Rail">Tel Aviv Light Rail</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail" title="Tel Aviv Light Rail">Tel Aviv Light Rail</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit">mass transit</a> system for the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv metropolitan area">Tel Aviv metropolitan area</a>. As of 2023, two LRT lines are under construction. Work on the <a href="/wiki/Red_Line_(Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail)" title="Red Line (Tel Aviv Light Rail)">Red Line</a>, the first in the project, started on September 21, 2011, following years of preparatory works,<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> and was expected to be completed and opened in late 2022 after numerous delays,<a href="#cite_note-maariv920-257">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> and was finally opened on August 18, 2023, after the opening day was postponed numerous times.<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Purple_Line_(Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail)" title="Purple Line (Tel Aviv Light Rail)">Purple Line</a> started in December 2018;<a href="#cite_note-globes-purple-260">[258]</a> work on the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail)" title="Green Line (Tel Aviv Light Rail)">Green Line</a> began in 2021 and is scheduled for completion in 2028.<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> Tel Aviv Metro is a proposed subway system for the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area">Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area</a>. It will augment the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail" title="Tel Aviv Light Rail">Tel Aviv Light Rail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel_Railways" title="Israel Railways">Israel Railways</a> suburban lines and 3 underground metro lines to form a rapid transit transportation solution for the city. Construction is expected to start in 2025, with the first public opening in 2032.<a href="#cite_note-ynet-2021-update-262">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azriely.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Azriely.jpg/220px-Azriely.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Azriely.jpg/330px-Azriely.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Azriely.jpg/440px-Azriely.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2113" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Begin_Road" title="Begin Road">Begin Road</a> as seen from <a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Center" title="Azrieli Center">Azrieli Center</a></figcaption></figure> The main highway leading to and within the city is the <a href="/wiki/Highway_20_(Israel)" title="Highway 20 (Israel)">Ayalon Highway (Highway 20)</a>, which runs in the eastern side of the city from north to south along the Ayalon River riverbed. Driving south on Ayalon gives access to <a href="/wiki/Highway_4_(Israel)" title="Highway 4 (Israel)">Highway 4</a> leading to <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel/Palestine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 1 (Israel/Palestine)">Highway 1</a>, leading to <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Ben Gurion International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Highway_431_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 431 (Israel)">Highway 431</a> leading to Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Modiin" class="mw-redirect" title="Modiin">Modiin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Highway_6_(Israel)" title="Highway 6 (Israel)">Highway 6</a> Trans-Israel Highway. Driving north on Ayalon gives access to the <a href="/wiki/Highway_2_(Israel)" title="Highway 2 (Israel)">Highway 2</a> coastal road leading to <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>. Within the city, main routes include <a href="/wiki/Kaplan_Street" title="Kaplan Street">Kaplan Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allenby_Street" title="Allenby Street">Allenby Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Gabirol_Street" title="Ibn Gabirol Street">Ibn Gabirol Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Street" title="Dizengoff Street">Dizengoff Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_Boulevard" title="Rothschild Boulevard">Rothschild Boulevard</a>, and in Jaffa the main route is Jerusalem Boulevard. Namir Road connects the city to <a href="/wiki/Highway_2_(Israel)" title="Highway 2 (Israel)">Highway 2</a>, Israel's main north–south highway, and Begin/Jabotinsky Road, which provides access from the east through Ramat Gan, <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a> and Petah Tikva. Tel Aviv, accommodating about 500,000 commuter cars daily, suffers from increasing congestion. In 2007, the Sadan Report recommended the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Road_pricing" title="Road pricing">congestion charge</a> similar to that of London in Tel Aviv as well as other Israeli cities. Under this plan, road users traveling into the city would pay a fixed fee.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben-gurion-airport-terminal--september-2012_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ben-gurion-airport-terminal--september-2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ben-gurion-airport-terminal--september-2012_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ben-gurion-airport-terminal--september-2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ben-gurion-airport-terminal--september-2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ben-gurion-airport-terminal--september-2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ben-gurion-airport-terminal--september-2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Ben Gurion International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> The main airport serving Greater Tel Aviv is <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_Airport" title="Ben Gurion Airport">Ben Gurion International Airport</a>. Located in the neighbouring city of <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a>, it handled over 20 million passengers in 2017. Ben Gurion is the main hub of <a href="/wiki/El_Al" title="El Al">El Al</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkia" title="Arkia">Arkia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israir" title="Israir">Israir Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun d'Or">Sun d'Or</a>. The airport is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi; 8.1 nmi) southeast of Tel Aviv, on <a href="/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 1 (Israel)">Highway 1</a> between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. <a href="/wiki/Sde_Dov_Airport" title="Sde Dov Airport">Sde Dov Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: SDV), in northwestern Tel Aviv, is a domestic airport and was closed in 2019 in favor of real-estate development.<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> All services to Sde Dov will be transferred to Ben Gurion Airport. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_56859_cities_in_israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/PikiWiki_Israel_56859_cities_in_israel.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_56859_cities_in_israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/PikiWiki_Israel_56859_cities_in_israel.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_56859_cities_in_israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/PikiWiki_Israel_56859_cities_in_israel.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_56859_cities_in_israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3376" data-file-height="2079" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tel-O-Fun" title="Tel-O-Fun">Tel-O-Fun</a> bicycle rental system</figcaption></figure> The Tel Aviv Municipality encourages the use of bicycles in the city. Plans called for expansion of the paths to 100 km (62.1 mi) by 2009.<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a> By 2020, the city had 140 kilometres of bicycle paths with plans to reach 300 km by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> The city is at the center of the <a href="/wiki/Ofnidan" title="Ofnidan">Ofnidan</a>, a network of bicycle paths throughout the Gush Dan metropolitan area. In April 2011, the Tel Aviv municipality launched <a href="/wiki/Tel-O-Fun" title="Tel-O-Fun">Tel-O-Fun</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">bicycle sharing system</a>, in which 150 stations of bicycles for rent were installed within the city limits.<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2></div> The municipality of Tel Aviv signed agreements with many cities worldwide. <table role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption class="nowrap">Cities that signed agreements with Tel Aviv<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">City </th> <th scope="col">Country </th> <th scope="col">Continent </th> <th scope="col">Year of signing </th> <th scope="col">Type of agreement </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1998, ratified in 2013, revoked and restored in 2023 </td> <td>friendship and collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </td> <td>1995, 2004, 2006 </td> <td>understanding, friendship and collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1983 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>friendship </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">Memorandum of understanding</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1980, expanded in 2017 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>2012, 2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">Memorandum of understanding</a> for sustainability, collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">Sister cities agreement</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> (province) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">Memorandum of understanding</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>friendship </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">Memorandum of understanding</a> for economic, trade, scientific, technological and cultural fields </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>understanding, friendship and collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>friendship </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1985, expanded in 2010 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>friendship </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>twin cities </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>economic collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td>1992, 2009 (education collaboration) </td> <td>collaboration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>friendship </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> West and East Jerusalem combined have 901,000 residents, more than twice as many as Tel Aviv-Yafo with 444,000. West Jerusalem alone has a population of 348,000.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> is Israel's capital according to the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a> passed in 1980. The presidential residence, government offices, supreme court and parliament (<a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>) are located there. The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> foresees East Jerusalem as the capital of its future state. The UN does not recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital, taking the position that the final status of Jerusalem is pending future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Countries maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv and its suburbs, or suburbs of Jerusalem, such as <a href="/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion" title="Mevaseret Zion">Mevaseret Zion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> The Czech Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Taiwan, the United States, and Vanuatu recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1203.htm#15">Ezekiel 3:15</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israelpopulations-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv">"Regional Statistics"</a>. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Regional+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fen%2Fsettlements%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fmode%3DYeshuv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzaryahu2007" class="citation book cs1">Azaryahu, Maoz (2007). Tel Aviv: Mythography of a City. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 133–134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3129-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3129-3"><bdi>978-0-8156-3129-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv%3A+Mythography+of+a+City&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E134&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-3129-3&rft.aulast=Azaryahu&rft.aufirst=Maoz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2006" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Barbara E. (2006). A Place in History: Modernism, Tel Aviv, and the Creation of Jewish Urban Space. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 148, 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5019-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5019-6"><bdi>978-0-8047-5019-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Place+in+History%3A+Modernism%2C+Tel+Aviv%2C+and+the+Creation+of+Jewish+Urban+Space&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pages=148%2C+166&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5019-6&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Barbara+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Cities Book: A Journey Through the Best Cities in the World. Melbourne, Oakland and London: Lonely Planet. 2009. pp. 380–381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74179-887-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74179-887-6"><bdi>978-1-74179-887-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cities+Book%3A+A+Journey+Through+the+Best+Cities+in+the+World&rft.place=Melbourne%2C+Oakland+and+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E380-%3C%2Fspan%3E381&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-74179-887-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.calcalist.co.il/Article.aspx?guid=3552158">"Instead of talking about national economy, we should talk about cities"</a>. calcalist.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112100135/https://m.calcalist.co.il/Article.aspx?guid=3552158">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=calcalist.co.il&rft.atitle=Instead+of+talking+about+national+economy%2C+we+should+talk+about+cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.calcalist.co.il%2FArticle.aspx%3Fguid%3D3552158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=436,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2020&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook database: October 2023"</a>. imf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112100021/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=436,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2020&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imf.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+database%3A+October+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D436%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2022%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorachChoshen" class="citation book cs1">Korach, Michal; Choshen, Maya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PUB_505_facts-and-trends_eng_2019_web.pdf">Jerusalem Facts and Trends 2019</a> (PDF). Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702012955/https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PUB_505_facts-and-trends_eng_2019_web.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Facts+and+Trends+2019&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Jerusalem+Institute+for+Policy+Research&rft.aulast=Korach&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft.au=Choshen%2C+Maya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjerusaleminstitute.org.il%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F05%2FPUB_505_facts-and-trends_eng_2019_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf">"Map of Israel"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601135924/https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2FCartographic%2Fmap%2Fprofile%2Fisrael.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> (319 KB) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/">"Israel"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 21 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210913131645/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Israel&rft.date=2022-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fisrael%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/documents/1318/GFCI23.pdf">"Global Financial Centres Index #23"</a> (PDF). longfinance.net. 22 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220617214112/https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI23.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=longfinance.net&rft.atitle=Global+Financial+Centres+Index+%2323&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fdocuments%2F1318%2FGFCI23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brookings-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/">"Global city GDP 2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. 22 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107040203/https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+city+GDP+2014&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fresearch%2Fglobal-metro-monitor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:04-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:04_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrobel2024" class="citation news cs1">Wrobel, Sharon (10 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/tel-aviv-moves-up-to-4th-place-in-annual-ranking-of-global-tech-ecosystems/">"Tel Aviv moves up to 4th place in annual ranking of global tech ecosystems"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+moves+up+to+4th+place+in+annual+ranking+of+global+tech+ecosystems&rft.date=2024-06-10&rft.aulast=Wrobel&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ftel-aviv-moves-up-to-4th-place-in-annual-ranking-of-global-tech-ecosystems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenome" class="citation web cs1">Genome, Startup. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://startupgenome.com/report/gser2024">"Startup Genome"</a>. Startup Genome. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Startup+Genome&rft.atitle=Startup+Genome&rft.aulast=Genome&rft.aufirst=Startup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstartupgenome.com%2Freport%2Fgser2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCcol-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCcol_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCcol_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-59489259">"Tel Aviv named as world's most expensive city to live in"</a>. BBC. 1 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220114231746/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-59489259">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+named+as+world%27s+most+expensive+city+to+live+in&rft.date=2021-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-59489259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKeever2021" class="citation web cs1">McKeever, Vicky (1 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/30/this-is-now-the-worlds-most-expensive-city-to-live-in-eiu.html#:~:text=Tel%20Aviv%2C%20Israel%2C%20is%20now,from%20fifth%20place%20last%20year.">"This is now the world's most expensive city to live in, study says"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124170238/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/30/this-is-now-the-worlds-most-expensive-city-to-live-in-eiu.html#:~:text=Tel%20Aviv%2C%20Israel%2C%20is%20now,from%20fifth%20place%20last%20year.">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=This+is+now+the+world%27s+most+expensive+city+to+live+in%2C+study+says&rft.date=2021-12-01&rft.aulast=McKeever&rft.aufirst=Vicky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F11%2F30%2Fthis-is-now-the-worlds-most-expensive-city-to-live-in-eiu.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DTel%2520Aviv%252C%2520Israel%252C%2520is%2520now%2Cfrom%2520fifth%2520place%2520last%2520year.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MasterCard_ranks_Tel_Aviv_as_fifth_most_visited_city_in_Middle_East_and_Africa-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MasterCard_ranks_Tel_Aviv_as_fifth_most_visited_city_in_Middle_East_and_Africa_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MasterCard_ranks_Tel_Aviv_as_fifth_most_visited_city_in_Middle_East_and_Africa_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2012" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, Yoel (12 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/mastercard-ranks-tel-aviv-as-fifth-most-visited-city-in-middle-east-and-africa/">"MasterCard ranks Tel Aviv as fifth most visited city in Middle East and Africa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615203611/http://www.timesofisrael.com/mastercard-ranks-tel-aviv-as-fifth-most-visited-city-in-middle-east-and-africa/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=MasterCard+ranks+Tel+Aviv+as+fifth+most+visited+city+in+Middle+East+and+Africa&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Yoel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fmastercard-ranks-tel-aviv-as-fifth-most-visited-city-in-middle-east-and-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tourists_rank_Jerusalem_and_Tel_Aviv_among_top_cities_to_visit-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tourists_rank_Jerusalem_and_Tel_Aviv_among_top_cities_to_visit_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tourists_rank_Jerusalem_and_Tel_Aviv_among_top_cities_to_visit_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSapty2011" class="citation news cs1">Sapty, Tanya (19 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112145431/http://www.haaretz.com/travel/travel-news/tourists-rank-jerusalem-and-tel-aviv-among-top-cities-to-visit-1.374032">"Tourists rank Jerusalem and Tel Aviv among top cities to visit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/travel/travel-news/tourists-rank-jerusalem-and-tel-aviv-among-top-cities-to-visit-1.374032">the original</a> on 12 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Tourists+rank+Jerusalem+and+Tel+Aviv+among+top+cities+to+visit&rft.date=2011-07-19&rft.aulast=Sapty&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Ftravel%2Ftravel-news%2Ftourists-rank-jerusalem-and-tel-aviv-among-top-cities-to-visit-1.374032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Christian-News/Today-in-history-Founding-of-Tel-Aviv-450852">"Today in history: Founding of Tel Aviv – Christian News – Jerusalem Post"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 11 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114230449/https://www.jpost.com/Christian-News/Today-in-history-Founding-of-Tel-Aviv-450852">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Today+in+history%3A+Founding+of+Tel+Aviv+%E2%80%93+Christian+News+%E2%80%93+Jerusalem+Post&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FChristian-News%2FToday-in-history-Founding-of-Tel-Aviv-450852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvir2015" class="citation news cs1">Dvir, Noam (Dabul) (27 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4684411,00.html">"The promised landfill: 106 years of garbage in Tel Aviv"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200523083131/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4684411,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=The+promised+landfill%3A+106+years+of+garbage+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2015-07-27&rft.aulast=Dvir&rft.aufirst=Noam+%28Dabul%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4684411%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElkayam1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Elkayam, Mordechai (1990). Yafo – Neve-Tzedek, Rashita shel Tel-Aviv (in Hebrew). Ministry of Defence. p. 199.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yafo+%E2%80%93+Neve-Tzedek%2C+Rashita+shel+Tel-Aviv&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Elkayam&rft.aufirst=Mordechai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goren-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goren_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goren_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goren_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goren_24-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoren2016" class="citation journal cs1">Goren, Tamir (2016). "Tel Aviv and the question of separation from Jaffa 1921–1936". Middle Eastern Studies. 52 (3): 473–487. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2015.1125340">10.1080/00263206.2015.1125340</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147012425">147012425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+and+the+question+of+separation+from+Jaffa+1921%E2%80%931936&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E473-%3C%2Fspan%3E487&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147012425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2015.1125340&rft.aulast=Goren&rft.aufirst=Tamir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> Page 1: "Once Tel Aviv had won municipal status (the so-called Tel Aviv Township) in 1921, it strove to amend the relevant legislation by rescission of the clauses that placed it under Jaffa municipality's supervision. In the succeeding years, this question became increasingly to the fore, and demanded a speedy solution. Together with the Tel Aviv's ambition of independence as a Hebrew city with its own autonomous Hebrew government, some members of the township's council did not favour separation from the mother city Jaffa. In the mid-1920s, the view consoli- dated among the town councillors that Tel Aviv's subjection to Jaffa municipality had to be annulled, and it must be granted its deserved status as an independent Hebrew city." Page 3: "Tel Aviv municipality strove for full municipal rights, for the status of a municipality with all its implications, in this way enjoying absolute independence. Yet it still wished to maintain its interests in Jaffa. Most obvious was the desire not to lose the Jewish influence in the Jaffa municipality, as well as reinforcing the clout of the Jews on the municipal council. In Tel Aviv's view, Jaffa enjoyed important status not only locally. At that time it was second in importance in Palestine only to Jerusalem, and was followed by Haifa, Safed and Tiberias." Page 4: "...the Mandate government took a positive view of Tel Aviv's desire for full municipal independence. But at that stage it refrained from making any changes at all in Tel Aviv's municipal status. From the closing years of the 1920s, the authorities immersed themselves in the preparation of a new framework for the Municipalities Law, which was intended to replace the Ottoman law. So as long as the new law was incomplete, the authorities avoided any change in the municipal status of Tel Aviv. [Footnote: The new Municipalities Order was published in 1934. That year Tel Aviv gained full municipal independence, becoming a municipal corporation.]" </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorion-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gorion_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorion_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorion_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorion_25-3">d</a> M. Gorion (Wager), Introduction to the History of Local Government in Israel (Jerusalem: University of Tel Aviv, 1957), pp.184–5 [Hebrew]. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> 85% in 1922, 92% in 1931 (Census reports) </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/summary/Tel-Aviv-Yafo">Tel Aviv-Yafo. Britannica</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golan1995-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan1995_28-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolan1995" class="citation journal cs1">Golan, Arnon (1995). "The demarcation of Tel Aviv-Jaffa's municipal boundaries". Planning Perspectives. 10: 383–398. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02665439508725830">10.1080/02665439508725830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planning+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+demarcation+of+Tel+Aviv-Jaffa%27s+municipal+boundaries&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E383-%3C%2Fspan%3E398&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02665439508725830&rft.aulast=Golan&rft.aufirst=Arnon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_29-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_29-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409004015/http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1096.pdf">"The White City of Tel Aviv"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1096.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+White+City+of+Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Fadvisory_body_evaluation%2F1096.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-times-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-times_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrimpel2008" class="citation news cs1">Strimpel, Zoe (16 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719184519/http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article3370349.ece">"Hip and happening in Tel Aviv"</a>. The Times. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article3370349.ece">the original</a> on 19 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Hip+and+happening+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2008-02-16&rft.aulast=Strimpel&rft.aufirst=Zoe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Flife_and_style%2Ftravel%2Fholiday_type%2Fbreaks%2Farticle3370349.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shavit_2012-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shavit_2012_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shavit_2012_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShavit2012" class="citation book cs1">Shavit, Yaacov (2012). "Telling the Story of a Hebrew City". In Azaryahu, Maoz; Ilan Troen, Selwyn (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLQrEPLDkGAC&pg=PA1">Tel-Aviv, the First Century: Visions, Designs, Actualities</a>. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22357-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22357-9"><bdi>978-0-253-22357-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005124456/https://books.google.com/books?id=yLQrEPLDkGAC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Telling+the+Story+of+a+Hebrew+City&rft.btitle=Tel-Aviv%2C+the+First+Century%3A+Visions%2C+Designs%2C+Actualities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22357-9&rft.aulast=Shavit&rft.aufirst=Yaacov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyLQrEPLDkGAC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant2008" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Sue (2008). Israel (fourth ed.). New Holland Publishers. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84773-012-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84773-012-1"><bdi>978-1-84773-012-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel&rft.pages=72&rft.edition=fourth&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84773-012-1&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313073111/http://www.palyam.org/About_us/displaySOHarticle?name=Jaffa&id=t00102b&bl=b00102b">"Jaffa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palyam.org/About_us/displaySOHarticle?name=Jaffa&id=t00102b&bl=b00102b">the original</a> on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jaffa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palyam.org%2FAbout_us%2FdisplaySOHarticle%3Fname%3DJaffa%26id%3Dt00102b%26bl%3Db00102b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAraviot2011" class="citation journal cs1">Araviot, Iris (2011). "Mythical Dimensions of the Tel-Aviv Century". The International Journal of the Arts in Society. 6 (2): 237–258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18848%2F1833-1866%2FCGP%2Fv06i02%2F35994">10.18848/1833-1866/CGP/v06i02/35994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+the+Arts+in+Society&rft.atitle=Mythical+Dimensions+of+the+Tel-Aviv+Century&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E237-%3C%2Fspan%3E258&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18848%2F1833-1866%2FCGP%2Fv06i02%2F35994&rft.aulast=Araviot&rft.aufirst=Iris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JewishVL-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishVL_35-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/geo/tahist.html">"From Spring Hill to Independence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514175515/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/geo/tahist.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Spring+Hill+to+Independence&rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FSociety_%26_Culture%2Fgeo%2Ftahist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzoulay2009" class="citation web cs1">Azoulay, Yuval (1 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/jacobus-street-corner-of-oblivion-1.273311">"Jacobus Street, corner of Oblivion"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404193456/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/jacobus-street-corner-of-oblivion-1.273311">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Jacobus+Street%2C+corner+of+Oblivion&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft.aulast=Azoulay&rft.aufirst=Yuval&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Ffeatures%2Fjacobus-street-corner-of-oblivion-1.273311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113202104/http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/people/BIOS/dizen.html">"Dizengoff, Meir"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/people/BIOS/dizen.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dizengoff%2C+Meir&rft.pub=Jewish+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jafi.org.il%2Feducation%2F100%2Fpeople%2FBIOS%2Fdizen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridger1906" class="citation book cs1">Bridger, David (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hZqpCrG3qw0C&pg=PA117">The New Jewish Encyclopedia</a>. Behrman House, Inc. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87441-120-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87441-120-1"><bdi>978-0-87441-120-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409160749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hZqpCrG3qw0C&pg=PA117">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Behrman+House%2C+Inc&rft.date=1906&rft.isbn=978-0-87441-120-1&rft.aulast=Bridger&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhZqpCrG3qw0C%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economist-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_39-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_39-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_39-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_39-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_39-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012143130/http://www.economist.com/topics/tel-aviv?city_id=TLV&folder=Facts-History">"Economist City Guide-Tel Aviv"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/topics/tel-aviv?city_id=TLV&folder=Facts-History">the original</a> on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Economist+City+Guide-Tel+Aviv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Ftopics%2Ftel-aviv%3Fcity_id%3DTLV%26folder%3DFacts-History&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AzaryahuTroen2012-40"><a href="#cite_ref-AzaryahuTroen2012_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzaryahu2012" class="citation book cs1">Azaryahu, Maoz (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLQrEPLDkGAC&pg=PA31">"Tel Aviv's Birthdays: Anniversary Celebrations, 1929–1959"</a>. In Azaryahu, Maoz; Ilan Troen, Selwyn (eds.). Tel-Aviv, the First Century: Visions, Designs, Actualities. Indiana University Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22357-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22357-9"><bdi>978-0-253-22357-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005124435/https://books.google.com/books?id=yLQrEPLDkGAC&pg=PA31#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv%27s+Birthdays%3A+Anniversary+Celebrations%2C+1929%E2%80%931959&rft.btitle=Tel-Aviv%2C+the+First+Century%3A+Visions%2C+Designs%2C+Actualities&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22357-9&rft.aulast=Azaryahu&rft.aufirst=Maoz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyLQrEPLDkGAC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosharek2009" class="citation web cs1">Kosharek, Noah (20 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221121145822/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1079400.html">"Seashell lottery"</a>. Haaretz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1079400.html">the original</a> on 21 November 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Seashell+lottery&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft.aulast=Kosharek&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1079400.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Nicole Levin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/abraham-soskin-snapshots-of-history/">"Abraham Soskin: Snapshots of History"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113105454/https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/abraham-soskin-snapshots-of-history/">Archived</a> 13 January 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Times of Israel, 26 Dec 2021. Accessed 13 Jan 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019220608/http://english.israelphilately.org.il/articles/content/en/000874">"Tel-Aviv Centennial – "Ahuzat-Bayit Land Lottery"</a>. English.israelphilately.org.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.israelphilately.org.il/articles/content/en/000874">the original</a> on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English.israelphilately.org.il&rft.atitle=Tel-Aviv+Centennial+%E2%80%93+%22Ahuzat-Bayit+Land+Lottery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.israelphilately.org.il%2Farticles%2Fcontent%2Fen%2F000874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-44"><a href="#cite_ref-brit_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernthal" class="citation magazine cs1">Bernthal, Ron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080108053105/http://www.travelwritersmagazine.com/RonBernthal/tel-aviv-and-its-bauhaus-tradition.html">"The White City: Tel Aviv And Its Bauhaus Tradition"</a>. Travel Writer's Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelwritersmagazine.com/RonBernthal/tel-aviv-and-its-bauhaus-tradition.html">the original</a> on 8 January 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Travel+Writer%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+White+City%3A+Tel+Aviv+And+Its+Bauhaus+Tradition&rft.aulast=Bernthal&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelwritersmagazine.com%2FRonBernthal%2Ftel-aviv-and-its-bauhaus-tradition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101002438/http://www.isragen.org.il/siteFiles/1/153/6574.asp">"1915 Census of Tel-Aviv"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isragen.org.il/siteFiles/1/153/6574.asp">the original</a> on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1915+Census+of+Tel-Aviv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isragen.org.il%2FsiteFiles%2F1%2F153%2F6574.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turkish-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Turkish_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lls-WnKHpccC&q=Consul+Garrels+in+Alexandria+new+york+times+jaffa">The New York Times Current History</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. 1917. p. 167. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816034429/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lls-WnKHpccC&q=Consul+Garrels+in+Alexandria+new+york+times+jaffa">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+Current+History&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&rft.date=1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLls-WnKHpccC%26q%3DConsul%2BGarrels%2Bin%2BAlexandria%2Bnew%2Byork%2Btimes%2Bjaffa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShavit2012" class="citation book cs1">Shavit, Yaacov (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLQrEPLDkGAC&pg=PA8">"Telling the Story of a Hebrew City"</a>. In Azaryahu, Maoz; Ilan Troen, Selwyn (eds.). Tel-Aviv, the First Century: Visions, Designs, Actualities. Indiana University Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22357-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22357-9"><bdi>978-0-253-22357-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005124435/https://books.google.com/books?id=yLQrEPLDkGAC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Telling+the+Story+of+a+Hebrew+City&rft.btitle=Tel-Aviv%2C+the+First+Century%3A+Visions%2C+Designs%2C+Actualities&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22357-9&rft.aulast=Shavit&rft.aufirst=Yaacov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyLQrEPLDkGAC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Tel-Aviv-Yafo">"Tel Aviv–Yafo | History, Population, & Points of Interest"</a>. Britannica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318060506/https://www.britannica.com/place/Tel-Aviv-Yafo">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv%E2%80%93Yafo+%26%23124%3B+History%2C+Population%2C+%26+Points+of+Interest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FTel-Aviv-Yafo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1922_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922">"Palestine Census (1922)"</a>. Archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive.org&rft.atitle=Palestine+Census+%281922%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPalestineCensus1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-50"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090505085933/http://www.travelnet.co.il/israel/TelAviv/History.htm">"Tel Aviv History"</a>. Travelnet.co.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelnet.co.il/israel/TelAviv/History.htm">the original</a> on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelnet.co.il&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelnet.co.il%2Fisrael%2FTelAviv%2FHistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_51-0">^</a> Mills, 1932, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas">15</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:hcpp&rft_dat=xri:hcpp:rec:1921-024927">Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the disturbances in Palestine in May, 1921</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍], with correspondence relating thereto (Disturbances), 1921, Cmd. 1540, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlass2002" class="citation book cs1">Glass, Joseph B. (1 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgqj1Ox8StsC&pg=PA298">From New Zion to Old Zion: American Jewish Immigration and Settlement in Palestine, 1917–1939</a>. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2842-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2842-2"><bdi>978-0-8143-2842-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005124541/https://books.google.com/books?id=dgqj1Ox8StsC&pg=PA298#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+New+Zion+to+Old+Zion%3A+American+Jewish+Immigration+and+Settlement+in+Palestine%2C+1917%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-2842-2&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=Joseph+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddgqj1Ox8StsC%26pg%3DPA298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamir2013" class="citation book cs1">Shamir, Ronen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GaT3AAAAQBAJ">Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine</a>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-8868-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-8868-7"><bdi>978-0-8047-8868-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005124438/https://books.google.com/books?id=GaT3AAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Flow%3A+The+Electrification+of+Palestine.&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-8868-7&rft.aulast=Shamir&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGaT3AAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levine-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Levine_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2007" class="citation journal cs1">Levine, Mark (2007). "Globalization, Architecture, and Town Planning in a Colonial City: The Case of Jaffa and Tel Aviv". Journal of World History. 18 (2): 178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjwh.2007.0013">10.1353/jwh.2007.0013</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145670872">145670872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+World+History&rft.atitle=Globalization%2C+Architecture%2C+and+Town+Planning+in+a+Colonial+City%3A+The+Case+of+Jaffa+and+Tel+Aviv&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=178&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjwh.2007.0013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145670872%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelter2009" class="citation journal cs1">Welter, Volker M. (2009). "The 1925 Master Plan for Tel-Aviv by Patrick Geddes". Israel Studies. 14 (3): 100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2FISR.2009.14.3.94">10.2979/ISR.2009.14.3.94</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146499373">146499373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=The+1925+Master+Plan+for+Tel-Aviv+by+Patrick+Geddes&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=100&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2FISR.2009.14.3.94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146499373%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Welter&rft.aufirst=Volker+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelter2009" class="citation journal cs1">Welter, Volker M. (2009). "The 1925 Master Plan for Tel-Aviv by Patrick Geddes". Israel Studies. 14 (3): 115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2FISR.2009.14.3.94">10.2979/ISR.2009.14.3.94</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146499373">146499373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=The+1925+Master+Plan+for+Tel-Aviv+by+Patrick+Geddes&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=115&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2FISR.2009.14.3.94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146499373%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Welter&rft.aufirst=Volker+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080330185558/http://geography.huji.ac.il/emppp/israel%20conflict/envcnf.apn.htm">"The Sde Dov Airport"</a>. Hebrew University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.huji.ac.il/emppp/israel%20conflict/envcnf.apn.htm">the original</a> on 30 March 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sde+Dov+Airport&rft.pub=Hebrew+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.huji.ac.il%2Femppp%2Fisrael%2520conflict%2Fenvcnf.apn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1938orig.pdf">Village Statistics</a> (PDF). 1938. p. 55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107124512/https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1938orig.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.cecs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FVillageStatistics1938orig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre" class="citation web cs1">UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131729/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1096/">"White City of Tel-Aviv – the Modern Movement"</a>. UNESCO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1096/">the original</a> on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+City+of+Tel-Aviv+%E2%80%93+the+Modern+Movement&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.au=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1096%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZamir2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zamir, Maya (7 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112084944/http://www.tam.co.il/7_9_2007/magazin1.htm">"The Day of The bombing"</a>. Tel Aviv magazine (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tam.co.il/7_9_2007/magazin1.htm">the original</a> on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv+magazine&rft.atitle=The+Day+of+The+bombing&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft.aulast=Zamir&rft.aufirst=Maya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tam.co.il%2F7_9_2007%2Fmagazin1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1945orig.pdf">Village Statistics</a> (PDF). 1945. p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221121215036/http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1945orig.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.cecs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FVillageStatistics1945orig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nli.org.il/en/hoi_egypt_tel-aviv/">When the Egyptians Bombed Tel Aviv</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-VTLV-64"><a href="#cite_ref-VTLV_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Telaviv.html">"Tel Aviv"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070601204949/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Telaviv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv&rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvie%2FTelaviv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080130002108/http://www.fodors.com/world/africa%20and%20middle%20east/israel/tel%20aviv/entity_190378.html">"Founders Monument and Fountain"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fodor%27s" title="Fodor's">Fodor's</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fodors.com/world/africa%20and%20middle%20east/israel/tel%20aviv/entity_190378.html">the original</a> on 30 January 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fodor%27s&rft.atitle=Founders+Monument+and+Fountain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fodors.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2520and%2520middle%2520east%2Fisrael%2Ftel%2520aviv%2Fentity_190378.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-profile-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-profile_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_66-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_66-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_66-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_66-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_66-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_66-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070306032523/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/english/engineering/strategy/pdf/profile-main-issues.pdf">"City Profile"</a> (PDF). Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/engineering/strategy/pdf/profile-main-issues.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 March 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Profile&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FEnglish%2Fengineering%2Fstrategy%2Fpdf%2Fprofile-main-issues.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interregional_Migration_2012_page_164-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Interregional_Migration_2012_page_164_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Interregional_Migration_2012_page_164_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeidlichHaag2012" class="citation book cs1">Weidlich, Wolfgang; Haag, Günter, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0mLvCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164">Interregional Migration: Dynamic Theory and Comparative Analysis</a>. Springer. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642730498" title="Special:BookSources/9783642730498"><bdi>9783642730498</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005124436/https://books.google.com/books?id=0mLvCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interregional+Migration%3A+Dynamic+Theory+and+Comparative+Analysis&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9783642730498&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0mLvCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tel_Aviv_2007_page_132-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tel_Aviv_2007_page_132_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tel_Aviv_2007_page_132_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tel_Aviv_2007_page_132_68-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzaryahu2007" class="citation book cs1">Azaryahu, Maoz (2007). Tel Aviv: Mythography of a City. Syracuse University Press. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv%3A+Mythography+of+a+City&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Azaryahu&rft.aufirst=Maoz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StrategicPlan26-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StrategicPlan26_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StrategicPlan26_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunicipality_of_Tel_Aviv-Yafo2006" class="citation book cs1">Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo (2006). The Strategic Plan for Tel Aviv Yafo. Israel: Strategic Planning Unit. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strategic+Plan+for+Tel+Aviv+Yafo&rft.place=Israel&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Strategic+Planning+Unit&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Municipality+of+Tel+Aviv-Yafo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzaryahu2007" class="citation book cs1">Azaryahu, Maoz (2007). Tel Aviv: Mythography of a City. Syracuse University Press. p. 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv%3A+Mythography+of+a+City&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Azaryahu&rft.aufirst=Maoz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1979-1980/119%20Foreign%20Ministry%20reaction%20to%20the%20transfer%20of%20t">"Foreign Ministry reaction to the transfer of the Dutch embassy from Jerusalem to Tel Aviv"</a>. Israel's Foreign Relations: Selected Documents. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 26 August 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019111032/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1979-1980/119%20Foreign%20Ministry%20reaction%20to%20the%20transfer%20of%20t">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel%27s+Foreign+Relations%3A+Selected+Documents&rft.atitle=Foreign+Ministry+reaction+to+the+transfer+of+the+Dutch+embassy+from+Jerusalem+to+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=1980-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeign%2520Relations%2FIsraels%2520Foreign%2520Relations%2520since%25201947%2F1979-1980%2F119%2520Foreign%2520Ministry%2520reaction%2520to%2520the%2520transfer%2520of%2520t&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.co.il/Embassies.asp">"Embassies and Consulates in Israel"</a>. Israel Science and Technology Homepage. Israel Science and Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160114194830/http://www.science.co.il/Embassies.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Science+and+Technology+Homepage&rft.atitle=Embassies+and+Consulates+in+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.co.il%2FEmbassies.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2012" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, U. (2012). What's Next for the Start up Nation?. Indiana: Authorhouse. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+Next+for+the+Start+up+Nation%3F&rft.place=Indiana&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Authorhouse&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipnis2004" class="citation web cs1">Kipnis, Baruch A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409004017/http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/geo/publikacije/dela/files/Dela_21/019%20kipnis.pdf">"Tel Aviv, Israel – A World City in Evolution: Urban Development at a Deadend [sic] of the Global Economy"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/geo/publikacije/dela/files/Dela_21/019%20kipnis.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv%2C+Israel+%E2%80%93+A+World+City+in+Evolution%3A+Urban+Development+at+a+Deadend%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+of+the+Global+Economy&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Kipnis&rft.aufirst=Baruch+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ff.uni-lj.si%2Foddelki%2Fgeo%2Fpublikacije%2Fdela%2Ffiles%2FDela_21%2F019%2520kipnis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"A Global City, An Interview with The Honorable Ron Huldai, Mayor, Tel Aviv-Yafo". Leaders. Vol. 36, no. 3. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leaders&rft.atitle=A+Global+City%2C+An+Interview+with+The+Honorable+Ron+Huldai%2C+Mayor%2C+Tel+Aviv-Yafo&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedahzur2012" class="citation book cs1">Pedahzur, Ami (15 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7lBpAgAAQBAJ&dq=kings+of+israel+square+rabin&pg=PA118">The Triumph of Israel's Radical Right</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-990882-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-990882-0"><bdi>978-0-19-990882-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005124940/https://books.google.com/books?id=7lBpAgAAQBAJ&dq=kings+of+israel+square+rabin&pg=PA118#v=onepage&q=kings%20of%20israel%20square%20rabin&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2022 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+Israel%27s+Radical+Right&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0-19-990882-0&rft.aulast=Pedahzur&rft.aufirst=Ami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7lBpAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dkings%2Bof%2Bisrael%2Bsquare%2Brabin%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Gulf_War.html">"The Gulf War"</a>. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090714090450/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Gulf_War.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=The+Gulf+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHistory%2FGulf_War.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-publicpolicy.umd.edu-78"><a href="#cite_ref-publicpolicy.umd.edu_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFetterLewisGronlund1993" class="citation journal cs1">Fetter, Steve; Lewis, George N.; <a href="/wiki/Lisbeth_Gronlund" title="Lisbeth Gronlund">Gronlund, Lisbeth</a> (28 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/4282/1/1993-Nature-Scud.pdf">"Why were Casualties so low?"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>. 361 (6410). London: <a href="/wiki/Nature_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Publishing Group">Nature Publishing Group</a>: 293–296. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Natur.361..293F">1993Natur.361..293F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F361293a0">10.1038/361293a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1903%2F4282">1903/4282</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4343235">4343235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714171614/http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/4282/1/1993-Nature-Scud.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Why+were+Casualties+so+low%3F&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=6410&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E293-%3C%2Fspan%3E296&rft.date=1993-01-28&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1903%2F4282&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4343235%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F361293a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1993Natur.361..293F&rft.aulast=Fetter&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Lewis%2C+George+N.&rft.au=Gronlund%2C+Lisbeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrum.lib.umd.edu%2Fbitstream%2F1903%2F4282%2F1%2F1993-Nature-Scud.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://israelplaces.christ2020.de/#q">"Spiritual places in modern Israel"</a>. Christ2020.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116113058/http://israelplaces.christ2020.de/#q">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christ2020.de&rft.atitle=Spiritual+places+in+modern+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisraelplaces.christ2020.de%2F%23q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9511/rabin/timeline/mideast_timeline/index.html">"Death toll"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026004356/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9511/rabin/timeline/mideast_timeline/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Death+toll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FWORLD%2F9511%2Frabin%2Ftimeline%2Fmideast_timeline%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-victims-81"><a href="#cite_ref-victims_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+before+2000/Fatal+Terrorist+Attacks+in+Israel+Since+the+DOP+-S.htm">"Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the DOP (September 1993)"</a>. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 24 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180715040430/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+before+2000/Fatal+Terrorist+Attacks+in+Israel+Since+the+DOP+-S.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fatal+Terrorist+Attacks+in+Israel+Since+the+DOP+%28September+1993%29&rft.pub=Israeli+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2000-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FTerrorism-%2BObstacle%2Bto%2BPeace%2FPalestinian%2Bterror%2Bbefore%2B2000%2FFatal%2BTerrorist%2BAttacks%2Bin%2BIsrael%2BSince%2Bthe%2BDOP%2B-S.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-82"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerge_Schmemann2010" class="citation news cs1">Serge Schmemann (5 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/05/world/bombing-israel-overview-4th-terror-blast-israel-kills-14-mall-tel-aviv-nine-day.html?scp=1&sq=dizengoff%20center%20suicide&st=cse&pagewanted=print">"Bombing in Israel:The Overview;4th Terror Blast in Israel Kills 14 at Mall in Tel Aviv; Nine-Day Toll Grows to 61"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130151625/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/05/world/bombing-israel-overview-4th-terror-blast-israel-kills-14-mall-tel-aviv-nine-day.html?scp=1&sq=dizengoff%20center%20suicide&st=cse&pagewanted=print">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bombing+in+Israel%3AThe+Overview%3B4th+Terror+Blast+in+Israel+Kills+14+at+Mall+in+Tel+Aviv%3B+Nine-Day+Toll+Grows+to+61&rft.date=2010-03-05&rft.au=Serge+Schmemann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F03%2F05%2Fworld%2Fbombing-israel-overview-4th-terror-blast-israel-kills-14-mall-tel-aviv-nine-day.html%3Fscp%3D1%26sq%3Ddizengoff%2520center%2520suicide%26st%3Dcse%26pagewanted%3Dprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501235044/http://laad.btl.gov.il/show_item.asp?itemId=34825&levelId=28553&itemType=10&template=3">"אתר לזכר האזרחים חללי פעולות האיבה"</a>. Laad.btl.gov.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laad.btl.gov.il/show_item.asp?itemId=34825&levelId=28553&itemType=10&template=3">the original</a> on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laad.btl.gov.il&rft.atitle=%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99+%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaad.btl.gov.il%2Fshow_item.asp%3FitemId%3D34825%26levelId%3D28553%26itemType%3D10%26template%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501235100/http://laad.btl.gov.il/show_item.asp?itemId=35470&levelId=28553&itemType=10&template=3">"אתר לזכר האזרחים חללי פעולות האיבה"</a>. Laad.btl.gov.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laad.btl.gov.il/show_item.asp?itemId=35470&levelId=28553&itemType=10&template=3">the original</a> on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laad.btl.gov.il&rft.atitle=%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99+%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaad.btl.gov.il%2Fshow_item.asp%3FitemId%3D35470%26levelId%3D28553%26itemType%3D10%26template%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508133928/http://laad.btl.gov.il/show_item.asp?itemId=35084&levelId=28553&itemType=10&template=3">"אתר לזכר האזרחים חללי פעולות האיבה"</a>. Laad.btl.gov.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laad.btl.gov.il/show_item.asp?itemId=35084&levelId=28553&itemType=10&template=3">the original</a> on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laad.btl.gov.il&rft.atitle=%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99+%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaad.btl.gov.il%2Fshow_item.asp%3FitemId%3D35084%26levelId%3D28553%26itemType%3D10%26template%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ict.org.il/Articles/tabid/66/Articlsid/65/currentpage/22/Default.aspx">"The Palestinian Authority-Hamas Collusion – From Operational Cooperation to Propaganda Hoax"</a>. Ict.org.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021154/http://www.ict.org.il/Articles/tabid/66/Articlsid/65/currentpage/22/Default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ict.org.il&rft.atitle=The+Palestinian+Authority-Hamas+Collusion+%E2%80%93+From+Operational+Cooperation+to+Propaganda+Hoax&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ict.org.il%2FArticles%2Ftabid%2F66%2FArticlsid%2F65%2Fcurrentpage%2F22%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullvian2001" class="citation news cs1">O'Sullvian, Arieh (25 November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023030542/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-48416289.html">"No. 1 Hamas terrorist killed. Followers threaten revenge in Tel Aviv"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-48416289.html">the original</a> on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=No.+1+Hamas+terrorist+killed.+Followers+threaten+revenge+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2001-11-25&rft.aulast=O%27Sullvian&rft.aufirst=Arieh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-48416289.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2006" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Ian (29 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/international/middleeast/29israel.html">"In Hamas's Overt Hatred, Many Israelis See Hope"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111022312/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/international/middleeast/29israel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Hamas%27s+Overt+Hatred%2C+Many+Israelis+See+Hope&rft.date=2006-01-29&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F29%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F29israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-1258,00.html">"Ynet – פיגוע בדולפינריום – חדשות"</a>. Ynet.co.il. 20 June 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724182358/http://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-1258,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ynet+%E2%80%93+%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2+%D7%91%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D+%E2%80%93+%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA&rft.pub=Ynet.co.il&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fhome%2F0%2C7340%2CL-1258%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-09-19-mideast-explosion_x.htm">"Six killed, scores wounded in suicide attack on Tel Aviv bus"</a>. USA Today. McLean, VA. 19 September 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0734-7456">0734-7456</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191223120654/https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-09-19-mideast-explosion_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Six+killed%2C+scores+wounded+in+suicide+attack+on+Tel+Aviv+bus&rft.date=2002-09-19&rft.issn=0734-7456&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2002-09-19-mideast-explosion_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele2002" class="citation news cs1">Steele, Jonathan (20 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/sep/20/israel1">"Tel Aviv bus bomb shatters hopes of truce | World news | The Guardian"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60623878">60623878</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403022403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/sep/20/israel1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+bus+bomb+shatters+hopes+of+truce+%26%23124%3B+World+news+%26%23124%3B+The+Guardian&rft.date=2002-09-20&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60623878&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2002%2Fsep%2F20%2Fisrael1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-92"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2268392.stm">"BBC NEWS | Middle East | Fatal bus blast rocks Tel Aviv"</a>. BBC News. London. 19 September 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719093342/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2268392.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+NEWS+%26%23124%3B+Middle+East+%26%23124%3B+Fatal+bus+blast+rocks+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2002-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F2268392.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmemann2002" class="citation news cs1">Schmemann, Serge (20 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/20/world/suicide-bomber-kills-5-on-a-bus-in-tel-aviv.html">"Suicide Bomber Kills 5 on a Bus in Tel Aviv"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329115343/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/20/world/suicide-bomber-kills-5-on-a-bus-in-tel-aviv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Suicide+Bomber+Kills+5+on+a+Bus+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2002-09-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Schmemann&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F09%2F20%2Fworld%2Fsuicide-bomber-kills-5-on-a-bus-in-tel-aviv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004211435/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/09/19/kessel.otsc/index.html">"CNN – Jerrold Kessel: Heart of Tel Aviv hit – 19 September 2002"</a>. Archives.cnn.com. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/09/19/kessel.otsc/index.html">the original</a> on 4 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives.cnn.com&rft.atitle=CNN+%E2%80%93+Jerrold+Kessel%3A+Heart+of+Tel+Aviv+hit+%E2%80%93+19+September+2002&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2002%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F09%2F19%2Fkessel.otsc%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-%20Obstacle%20to%20Peace/Memorial/2003/Avi%20Kotzer">"Avi Kotzer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526053154/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-%20Obstacle%20to%20Peace/Memorial/2003/Avi%20Kotzer">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Avi+Kotzer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FTerrorism-%2520Obstacle%2520to%2520Peace%2FMemorial%2F2003%2FAvi%2520Kotzer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-%20Obstacle%20to%20Peace/Memorial/2003/Viktor%20Shebayev">"Viktor Shebayev"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526044641/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-%20Obstacle%20to%20Peace/Memorial/2003/Viktor%20Shebayev">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Viktor+Shebayev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FTerrorism-%2520Obstacle%2520to%2520Peace%2FMemorial%2F2003%2FViktor%2520Shebayev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewishsf.com-97"><a href="#cite_ref-jewishsf.com_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhazzoom2003" class="citation web cs1">Khazzoom, Loolwa (29 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/20891/edition_id/429/format/html/displaystory.html">"Tel Aviv bar and bomb target slowly getting its groove back"</a>. Jewishsf.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301060140/http://jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/20891/edition_id/429/format/html/displaystory.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewishsf.com&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+bar+and+bomb+target+slowly+getting+its+groove+back&rft.date=2003-09-29&rft.aulast=Khazzoom&rft.aufirst=Loolwa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishsf.com%2Fcontent%2F2-0-%2Fmodule%2Fdisplaystory%2Fstory_id%2F20891%2Fedition_id%2F429%2Fformat%2Fhtml%2Fdisplaystory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-02-26-syria-bombing_x.htm">"Syria-based Islamic Jihad claims role for Tel Aviv bombing"</a>. USA Today. 26 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220530052706/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-02-26-syria-bombing_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Syria-based+Islamic+Jihad+claims+role+for+Tel+Aviv+bombing&rft.date=2005-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2005-02-26-syria-bombing_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114162802/http://www.adl.org/Israel/israel_attacks.asp">"Major Terrorist Attacks in Israel"</a>. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adl.org/Israel/israel_attacks.asp">the original</a> on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Terrorist+Attacks+in+Israel&rft.pub=Anti-Defamation+League&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2FIsrael%2Fisrael_attacks.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated5-100"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/palestinian-drives-stolen-taxi-israelis-stabs/story?id=14403744">"Terror Attack Outside Tel Aviv Nightclub Filled With 2,000 Teenagers"</a>. ABC News. 29 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830180738/https://abcnews.go.com/International/palestinian-drives-stolen-taxi-israelis-stabs/story?id=14403744">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Terror+Attack+Outside+Tel+Aviv+Nightclub+Filled+With+2%2C000+Teenagers&rft.date=2011-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fpalestinian-drives-stolen-taxi-israelis-stabs%2Fstory%3Fid%3D14403744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubovich2011" class="citation web cs1">Kubovich, Yaniv (29 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/terror-attack-in-tel-aviv-leaves-eight-wounded-1.381250">"Terror attack in Tel Aviv leaves eight wounded"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016045010/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/terror-attack-in-tel-aviv-leaves-eight-wounded-1.381250">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Terror+attack+in+Tel+Aviv+leaves+eight+wounded&rft.date=2011-08-29&rft.aulast=Kubovich&rft.aufirst=Yaniv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Fterror-attack-in-tel-aviv-leaves-eight-wounded-1.381250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121121113737/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/11/21/250965.html">"'Apparent explosion' rocks Tel Aviv bus: Israeli police"</a>. Al Arabiya. 21 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/11/21/250965.html">the original</a> on 21 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Apparent+explosion%27+rocks+Tel+Aviv+bus%3A+Israeli+police&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Farticles%2F2012%2F11%2F21%2F250965.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122112016/http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=292860">"Terrorist blows up bus in central Tel Aviv; 10 injured"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 21 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=292860">the original</a> on 22 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Terrorist+blows+up+bus+in+central+Tel+Aviv%3B+10+injured&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FNationalNews%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D292860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/162356">"Terrorist Attack on Bus in Tel Aviv"</a>. Arutz Sheva. 21 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127223758/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/162356">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Terrorist+Attack+on+Bus+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F162356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4309791,00.html">"Blast on bus in heart of Tel Aviv"</a>. Ynet News. 21 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123906/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4309791,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Blast+on+bus+in+heart+of+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4309791%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-Nov21-106"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-Nov21_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20425352">"Israel-Gaza crisis: 'Bomb blast' on bus in Tel Aviv"</a>. BBC. 21 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130423214502/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20425352">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel-Gaza+crisis%3A+%27Bomb+blast%27+on+bus+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-20425352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/israel-hamas-launches-rocket-attack-on-tel-aviv-12303773">"Israel: Hamas launches rocket attack on Tel Aviv"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512205454/https://news.sky.com/story/israel-hamas-launches-rocket-attack-on-tel-aviv-12303773">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+Hamas+launches+rocket+attack+on+Tel+Aviv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fisrael-hamas-launches-rocket-attack-on-tel-aviv-12303773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151217002045/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/eng/AboutTheCity/Pages/CityNumbers.aspx">"The City in Numbers"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/eng/AboutTheCity/Pages/CityNumbers.aspx">the original</a> on 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft.atitle=The+City+in+Numbers&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2Feng%2FAboutTheCity%2FPages%2FCityNumbers.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated10-109"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated10_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110814142203/http://web.hevra.haifa.ac.il/~ch-strategy/images/publications/darfur_refugees.pdf"><bdi lang="he">פליטים או מהגרי עבודה ממדינות אפריקה</bdi></a> [Refugees or migrant workers from African states] (PDF) (in Hebrew). Research Center, National Defense College and Chaikin Chair in Geostrategy, University of Haifa. December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.hevra.haifa.ac.il/~ch-strategy/images/publications/darfur_refugees.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%90%D7%95+%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94+%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94&rft.pub=Research+Center%2C+National+Defense+College+and+Chaikin+Chair+in+Geostrategy%2C+University+of+Haifa&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.hevra.haifa.ac.il%2F~ch-strategy%2Fimages%2Fpublications%2Fdarfur_refugees.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-centennial-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-centennial_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-centennial_110-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090228103847/http://www.tlv100.co.il/EN">"Tel Aviv-Yafo Centennial Year 1909–2009"</a>. City of Tel Aviv-Yafo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlv100.co.il/EN/">the original</a> on 28 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Centennial+Year+1909%E2%80%932009&rft.pub=City+of+Tel+Aviv-Yafo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tlv100.co.il%2FEN%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090228194235/http://www.ahuzatbait.org.il/">"Ahuzat Bayit Collection"</a> (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahuzatbait.org.il/">the original</a> on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahuzat+Bayit+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahuzatbait.org.il%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.stanford.edu/telaviv">"Eliasaf Robinson Tel Aviv Collection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090606153614/http://lib.stanford.edu/telaviv">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eliasaf+Robinson+Tel+Aviv+Collection&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.stanford.edu%2Ftelaviv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAWC-113"><a href="#cite_ref-GAWC_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipnis2001" class="citation web cs1">Kipnis, B.A. (8 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb57.html">"Tel Aviv, Israel – A World City in Evolution: Urban Development at a Deadend [sic] of the Global Economy"</a>. Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network at <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201248/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb57.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv%2C+Israel+%E2%80%93+A+World+City+in+Evolution%3A+Urban+Development+at+a+Deadend%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+of+the+Global+Economy&rft.pub=Globalization+and+World+Cities+Study+Group+and+Network+at+Loughborough+University&rft.date=2001-10-08&rft.aulast=Kipnis&rft.aufirst=B.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Frb%2Frb57.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> Cities in Transition. Ljubljana: Department of Geography, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a>, pp. 183–194. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013102915/http://jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About%2BIsrael/Cities/Tel%2BAviv.htm">"Tel Aviv"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About+Israel/Cities/Tel+Aviv.htm">the original</a> on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=Jewish+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishagency.org%2FJewishAgency%2FEnglish%2FAliyah%2FAbout%2BIsrael%2FCities%2FTel%2BAviv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html">"Cities located close to Tel Aviv"</a>. TimeandDate.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080210031731/http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TimeandDate.com&rft.atitle=Cities+located+close+to+Tel+Aviv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Fworldclock%2Fdistances.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.co.il/Israel-map-Carta.asp">"Map of Israel"</a>. Carta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080323045048/http://www.science.co.il/Israel-map-Carta.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Israel&rft.pub=Carta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.co.il%2FIsrael-map-Carta.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yarkoni-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yarkoni_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yarkoni_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYarkoni" class="citation web cs1">Yarkoni, Amir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624050534/http://www.telaviv-insider.co.il/real-estate-2.php">"Real Estate in Tel Aviv – continued"</a>. Tel Aviv Insider. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telaviv-insider.co.il/real-estate-2.php">the original</a> on 24 June 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv+Insider&rft.atitle=Real+Estate+in+Tel+Aviv+%E2%80%93+continued&rft.aulast=Yarkoni&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telaviv-insider.co.il%2Freal-estate-2.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712111803/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/english/Documents/Beaches%20_2_.pdf">"Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, Beaches"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/english/Documents/Beaches%20_2_.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality%2C+Beaches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2Fenglish%2FDocuments%2FBeaches%2520_2_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000637815&fid=1725">"Tel Aviv ranked Israel's greenest city"</a>. Globes. 11 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005083637/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000637815&fid=1725">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+ranked+Israel%27s+greenest+city&rft.date=2011-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globes.co.il%2Fserveen%2Fglobes%2Fdocview.asp%3Fdid%3D1000637815%26fid%3D1725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080330175255/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=969276&contrassID=1&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=0">"Tel Aviv goes dark as part of global 'Earth Hour' campaign"</a>. Haaretz. 30 March 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=969276&contrassID=1&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=0">the original</a> on 30 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+goes+dark+as+part+of+global+%27Earth+Hour%27+campaign&rft.date=2008-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D969276%26contrassID%3D1%26subContrassID%3D0%26sbSubContrassID%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-senyorwater-121"><a href="#cite_ref-senyorwater_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenyor2009" class="citation news cs1">Senyor, Eli (22 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3675380,00.html">"Tel Aviv launches water saving campaign"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225042502/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3675380,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+launches+water+saving+campaign&rft.date=2009-02-22&rft.aulast=Senyor&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3675380%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FT-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FT_122-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4d8eb606-70ae-11dd-b514-0000779fd18c.html?nclick_check=1">Electric Tel Aviv</a>, by David Kaufman, <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>, 12 February 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTPlastic-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTPlastic_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTPlastic_123-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/world/middleeast/24dump.html?_r=1&scp=4&sq=israel%20plastic&st=cse">Recycling in Israel, Not Just Trash, but the Whole Dump</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130151307/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/world/middleeast/24dump.html?_r=1&scp=4&sq=israel%20plastic&st=cse">Archived</a> 30 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Isabel Kershner, 24 October 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvir2010" class="citation web cs1">Dvir, Noam (3 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israelis-win-barcelona-landscape-architecture-prize-1.316789">"Israelis win Barcelona landscape prize"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101006135453/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israelis-win-barcelona-landscape-architecture-prize-1.316789">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israelis+win+Barcelona+landscape+prize&rft.date=2010-10-03&rft.aulast=Dvir&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fisraelis-win-barcelona-landscape-architecture-prize-1.316789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/sarona-from-templars-to-nazis-government-terror-and-hopefully-to-tranquility/">"Sarona: From Templers, to Nazis, government, terror and, hopefully, to tranquility"</a>. The Times of Israel. 18 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170330023516/http://www.timesofisrael.com/sarona-from-templars-to-nazis-government-terror-and-hopefully-to-tranquility/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Sarona%3A+From+Templers%2C+to+Nazis%2C+government%2C+terror+and%2C+hopefully%2C+to+tranquility&rft.date=2016-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fsarona-from-templars-to-nazis-government-terror-and-hopefully-to-tranquility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.climate-data.org/location/3471/">"Climate: Tel Aviv-Yafo – Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table"</a>. Climate-data.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205070719/http://en.climate-data.org/location/3471/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate-data.org&rft.atitle=Climate%3A+Tel+Aviv-Yafo+%E2%80%93+Temperature%2C+Climate+graph%2C+Climate+table&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Flocation%2F3471%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ims-127"><a href="#cite_ref-ims_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914010915/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo">"Averages and Records for Tel Aviv (Precipitation, Temperature and Records written in the page)"</a>. Israel Meteorological Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo">the original</a> on 14 September 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Averages+and+Records+for+Tel+Aviv+%28Precipitation%2C+Temperature+and+Records+written+in+the+page%29&rft.pub=Israel+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FLongTermInfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> (in Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael">"Extremes for Tel Aviv [Records of February and May]"</a>. Israel Meteorological Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710130329/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extremes+for+Tel+Aviv+%5BRecords+of+February+and+May%5D&rft.pub=Israel+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FTopClimetIsrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> (in Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618145923/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/TempNormals.htm">"Temperature average"</a>. Israel Meteorological Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/TempNormals.htm">the original</a> on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temperature+average&rft.pub=Israel+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FClimaticAtlas%2FTempNormals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> (in Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-Precipitation_average-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Precipitation_average_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925080227/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/RainNormals.htm">"Precipitation average"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/RainNormals.htm">the original</a> on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Precipitation+average&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FClimaticAtlas%2FRainNormals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> (in Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114737/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/gr_tu/tel_aviv_e.htm">"Climatological Information for Tel Aviv, Israel"</a>. Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/gr_tu/tel_aviv_e.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatological+Information+for+Tel+Aviv%2C+Israel&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Observatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov.hk%2Fwxinfo%2Fclimat%2Fworld%2Feng%2Feurope%2Fgr_tu%2Ftel_aviv_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imsdb-132"><a href="#cite_ref-imsdb_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119205142/https://data.gov.il/ims">"Israel Meteorological Service databases"</a>. Israel Meteorological Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.gov.il/ims">the original</a> on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+Meteorological+Service+databases&rft.pub=Israel+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.gov.il%2Fims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> (in Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/ODOT/Stations/402.htm">"Tel Aviv the West Coast"</a>. Israel Meteorological Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024122213/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/ODOT/Stations/402.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 15 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv+the+West+Coast&rft.pub=Israel+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FODOT%2FStations%2F402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> (in Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/israel/tel-aviv-november.htm">"Tel Aviv Sea Temperature November Average, Israel – Sea Temperatures"</a>. Seatemperature.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229080400/http://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/israel/tel-aviv-november.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seatemperature.org&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+Sea+Temperature+November+Average%2C+Israel+%E2%80%93+Sea+Temperatures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seatemperature.org%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael%2Ftel-aviv-november.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-govt-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-govt_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-govt_135-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica_Staff1974" class="citation book cs1">Encyclopædia Britannica Staff (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YpZpY9plD7AC&q=tel-aviv+city+council">The New Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-290-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-290-7"><bdi>978-0-85229-290-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409161144/https://books.google.com/books?id=YpZpY9plD7AC&q=tel-aviv+city+council">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-85229-290-7&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYpZpY9plD7AC%26q%3Dtel-aviv%2Bcity%2Bcouncil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/articles/24646">"Is There a Connection Between Corruption and Term Limits in Local Government?"</a>. The Israel Democracy Institute. 18 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218135659/https://en.idi.org.il/articles/24646">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+There+a+Connection+Between+Corruption+and+Term+Limits+in+Local+Government%3F&rft.pub=The+Israel+Democracy+Institute&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Farticles%2F24646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426095713/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/human/index.htm">"Social Services Administration"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/human/index.htm">the original</a> on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Services+Administration&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FEnglish%2Fhuman%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050526023203/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/education/community/centers.htm">"Community Life"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/education/community/centers.htm">the original</a> on 26 May 2005. Retrieved 29 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+Life&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FEnglish%2Feducation%2Fcommunity%2Fcenters.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302120451/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/Tourism/Information/Index.htm">"Tourism"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/Tourism/Information/Index.htm">the original</a> on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourism&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FEnglish%2FTourism%2FInformation%2FIndex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ToIWootliff-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ToIWootliff_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ToIWootliff_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWootliffToI_staff2018" class="citation news cs1">Wootliff, Raoul; ToI staff (31 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/tel-aviv-mayor-fends-off-deputy-cruises-to-fifth-term/">"Tel Aviv mayor fends off deputy, cruises to fifth term"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208162858/https://www.timesofisrael.com/tel-aviv-mayor-fends-off-deputy-cruises-to-fifth-term/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+mayor+fends+off+deputy%2C+cruises+to+fifth+term&rft.date=2018-10-31&rft.aulast=Wootliff&rft.aufirst=Raoul&rft.au=ToI+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ftel-aviv-mayor-fends-off-deputy-cruises-to-fifth-term%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Haviv Rettig Gur, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/what-the-20th-knesset-says-about-israeli-society/">The 20th Knesset — parliament of a splintered, tribal Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509122619/http://www.timesofisrael.com/what-the-20th-knesset-says-about-israeli-society/">Archived</a> 9 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Times of Israel, 6 April 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiner" class="citation news cs1">Shiner, Doron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/how-they-voted-see-israel-election-results-by-city-sector-1.269923">"How they voted: See Israel election results by city/sector"</a>. Haaretz. Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721225236/http://www.haaretz.com/news/how-they-voted-see-israel-election-results-by-city-sector-1.269923">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=How+they+voted%3A+See+Israel+election+results+by+city%2Fsector&rft.aulast=Shiner&rft.aufirst=Doron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fhow-they-voted-see-israel-election-results-by-city-sector-1.269923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gis.cbs.gov.il/website/yishuvim/yishuvim_2005/XLS/bycode.xls">"Tel Aviv Ethnic Breakdown"</a> (Excel). <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a>. 31 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123132427/http://gis.cbs.gov.il/website/yishuvim/yishuvim_2005/XLS/bycode.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv+Ethnic+Breakdown&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2005-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgis.cbs.gov.il%2Fwebsite%2Fyishuvim%2Fyishuvim_2005%2FXLS%2Fbycode.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988">"Others" refers to non-Arab Christians and unclassified. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012013249/http://migration.ucdavis.edu/MN/more.php?id=1041_0_5_0">"Migration News"</a>. UC Davis. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://migration.ucdavis.edu/MN/more.php?id=1041_0_5_0">the original</a> on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Migration+News&rft.pub=UC+Davis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmigration.ucdavis.edu%2FMN%2Fmore.php%3Fid%3D1041_0_5_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20190616053732/https://www.osac.gov/Reports/report.cfm?contentID=64217">"Israel 2007 Crime & Safety Report: Tel Aviv"</a>. Overseas Security Advisory Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osac.gov/Reports/report.cfm?contentID=64217">the original</a> on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+2007+Crime+%26+Safety+Report%3A+Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=Overseas+Security+Advisory+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osac.gov%2FReports%2Freport.cfm%3FcontentID%3D64217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton.html?num_tab=st12_24&CYear=2015">"Unemployment rates in Israel, 2014, CBS (Hebrew)"</a>. cbs.gov.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151216085952/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton.html?num_tab=st12_24&CYear=2015">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbs.gov.il&rft.atitle=Unemployment+rates+in+Israel%2C+2014%2C+CBS+%28Hebrew%29.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Freader%2Fshnaton%2Ftempl_shnaton.html%3Fnum_tab%3Dst12_24%26CYear%3D2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TA_Stats-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TA_Stats_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TA_Stats_147-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TA_Stats_147-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TA_Stats_147-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TA_Stats_147-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071124142007/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/cityhall/geo/6167Area.pdf">"Tel Aviv-Yafo in Numbers"</a> (PDF). Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. July 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/cityhall/geo/6167Area.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+in+Numbers&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft.date=2006-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FEnglish%2Fcityhall%2Fgeo%2F6167Area.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218230924/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_11x&CYear=2007">"Statistical Abstract of Israel 2007"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_11x&CYear=2007">the original</a> on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Abstract+of+Israel+2007&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.cbs.gov.il%2Freader%2Fshnaton%2Ftempl_shnaton_e.html%3Fnum_tab%3Dst02_11x%26CYear%3D2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-young-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-young_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-young_149-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-young_149-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-young_149-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-young_149-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-young_149-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/Tel-Aviv-And-Center/Tel-Aviv-getting-younger">"Tel Aviv getting younger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 21 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151214/http://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/Tel-Aviv-And-Center/Tel-Aviv-getting-younger">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+getting+younger&rft.date=2008-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FLocal-Israel%2FTel-Aviv-And-Center%2FTel-Aviv-getting-younger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/en/Documents/Climate%20Adaptation%20Action%20Plan.pdf">"Tel Aviv-Yafo Climate Adaptation Action Plan"</a> (PDF). tel-aviv.gov.il. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221028220203/https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/en/Documents/Climate%20Adaptation%20Action%20Plan.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tel-aviv.gov.il&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Climate+Adaptation+Action+Plan&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2Fen%2FDocuments%2FClimate%2520Adaptation%2520Action%2520Plan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LauINN-151"><a href="#cite_ref-LauINN_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaruch2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baruch, Uzi (17 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/189306"><bdi lang="he">תל אביב דתית יותר ממה שנהוג לחשוב</bdi></a> (in Hebrew). Arutz Sheva. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090520083716/http://www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/189306">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D7%AA%D7%9C+%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91+%D7%93%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%95%D7%92+%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91&rft.date=2009-05-17&rft.aulast=Baruch&rft.aufirst=Uzi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inn.co.il%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F189306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelson2007" class="citation news cs1">Michelson, Udi (19 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3451146,00.html">"The Jewish underground of Tel Aviv"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081223095736/http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3451146,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+underground+of+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2007-01-19&rft.aulast=Michelson&rft.aufirst=Udi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3451146%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arfa-153"><a href="#cite_ref-arfa_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArfa2006" class="citation news cs1">Arfa, Orit (21 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Features/Jewish-learning-on-the-rise-in-Tel-Aviv">"Jewish learning on the rise in Tel Aviv"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151221075233/http://www.jpost.com/Features/Jewish-learning-on-the-rise-in-Tel-Aviv">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Jewish+learning+on+the+rise+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2006-10-21&rft.aulast=Arfa&rft.aufirst=Orit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FFeatures%2FJewish-learning-on-the-rise-in-Tel-Aviv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cohen-154"><a href="#cite_ref-cohen_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2006" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Avi (2 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3322809,00.html">"Synagogue vandalized as gay parade controversy picks up steam"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080830032836/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3322809,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Synagogue+vandalized+as+gay+parade+controversy+picks+up+steam&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3322809%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080303015041/http://www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Euk/Destinations/Tel+Aviv/Tel+Aviv-Jaffa.htm">"Tel Aviv-Jaffa"</a>. Israeli Tourism Ministry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Euk/Destinations/Tel+Aviv/Tel+Aviv-Jaffa.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv-Jaffa&rft.pub=Israeli+Tourism+Ministry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goisrael.com%2FTourism_Euk%2FDestinations%2FTel%2BAviv%2FTel%2BAviv-Jaffa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2021/local_authorities19_1835/398_5000.pdf">"Tel Aviv profile: 2019"</a> (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 31 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303131134/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2021/local_authorities19_1835/398_5000.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv+profile%3A+2019&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fhe%2Fpublications%2Fdoclib%2F2021%2Flocal_authorities19_1835%2F398_5000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lau-157"><a href="#cite_ref-lau_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081112092702/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1035690.html">"Former Chief Rabbi Lau named as chair of Yad Vashem council"</a>. Haaretz. Associated Press. 9 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1035690.html">the original</a> on 12 November 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Former+Chief+Rabbi+Lau+named+as+chair+of+Yad+Vashem+council&rft.date=2008-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1035690.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2012/0524/Israel-land-of-Jewish-refugees-riled-by-influx-of-Africans">Christian Science Monitor: "Israel, land of Jewish refugees, riled by influx of Africans" By Joshua Mitnick</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525043834/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2012/0524/Israel-land-of-Jewish-refugees-riled-by-influx-of-Africans">Archived</a> 25 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 24 May 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersburg2007" class="citation news cs1">Petersburg, Ofer (3 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3420369,00.html">"Tel Aviv airport to make way for luxury project"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705190018/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-3420369%2C00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+airport+to+make+way+for+luxury+project&rft.date=2007-07-03&rft.aulast=Petersburg&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3420369%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoulos2013" class="citation news cs1">Boulos, Nick (5 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814211546/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/middle-east/show-and-tel-aviv-israels-artistic-coastal-city-8861131.html">"Show and Tel Aviv: Israel's artistic coastal city"</a>. The Independent. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/middle-east/show-and-tel-aviv-israels-artistic-coastal-city-8861131.html">the original</a> on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Show+and+Tel+Aviv%3A+Israel%27s+artistic+coastal+city&rft.date=2013-10-05&rft.aulast=Boulos&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fmiddle-east%2Fshow-and-tel-aviv-israels-artistic-coastal-city-8861131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForesterFischlerShmueli2001" class="citation book cs1">Forester, John; Fischler, Raphael; Shmueli, Deborah (2001). Israeli Planners and Designers: Profiles of Community Builders. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 33–41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli+Planners+and+Designers%3A+Profiles+of+Community+Builders&rft.place=Albany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Forester&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Fischler%2C+Raphael&rft.au=Shmueli%2C+Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayer2011" class="citation news cs1">Mayer, Joel (4 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/LocalIsrael/TelAvivAndCenter/Article.aspx?id=135152">"Tel Aviv Chic; Exploring Graffiti in Florentine"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023085145/http://www.jpost.com/LocalIsrael/TelAvivAndCenter/Article.aspx?id=135152">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+Chic%3B+Exploring+Graffiti+in+Florentine&rft.date=2011-12-04&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FLocalIsrael%2FTelAvivAndCenter%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D135152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrg.co.il/online/16/ART1/578/331.html">"Sheba – the largest hospital in Israel"</a>. Nrg.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514215644/http://www.nrg.co.il/online/16/ART1/578/331.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nrg.co.il&rft.atitle=Sheba+%E2%80%93+the+largest+hospital+in+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrg.co.il%2Fonline%2F16%2FART1%2F578%2F331.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topuniversities.com/">"Tel Aviv University"</a>. QS Top Universities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181227112546/https://www.topuniversities.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv+University&rft.pub=QS+Top+Universities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Education/higher_ed.html">"Higher Education"</a>. Jewish Virtual Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071115175642/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Education/higher_ed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Higher+Education&rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FEducation%2Fhigher_ed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071108214143/http://www.tau.ac.il/tau-history-eng.html">"TAU History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tau.ac.il/tau-history-eng.html">the original</a> on 8 November 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TAU+History&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tau.ac.il%2Ftau-history-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-colleges-167"><a href="#cite_ref-colleges_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.co.il/Colleges.asp">"Colleges in Israel"</a>. Israel Science and Technology Homepage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516110304/http://www.science.co.il/Colleges.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Science+and+Technology+Homepage&rft.atitle=Colleges+in+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.co.il%2FColleges.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20100821091601/http://www.schooly.co.il/gymnasia/">"Gymnasia Herzlia"</a> (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schooly.co.il/gymnasia/">the original</a> on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gymnasia+Herzlia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schooly.co.il%2Fgymnasia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-longfinance1-169"><a href="#cite_ref-longfinance1_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmi_Sedghi2015" class="citation web cs1">Ami Sedghi (1 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227131528/http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI18_23Sep2015.pdf">"TheGlobal FinancialCentres Index 18"</a> (PDF). QFC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI18_23Sep2015.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TheGlobal+FinancialCentres+Index+18&rft.pub=QFC&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.au=Ami+Sedghi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fimages%2FGFCI18_23Sep2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/leisure/back-to-the-future-everything-s-up-to-date-in-tel-aviv-it-s-1935-1.372939">"Back to the Future / Everything's up to date in Tel Aviv. It's 1935"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803112930/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/leisure/back-to-the-future-everything-s-up-to-date-in-tel-aviv-it-s-1935-1.372939">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+%2F+Everything%27s+up+to+date+in+Tel+Aviv.+It%27s+1935&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fculture%2Fleisure%2Fback-to-the-future-everything-s-up-to-date-in-tel-aviv-it-s-1935-1.372939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvir2011" class="citation web cs1">Dvir, Noam (13 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/back-to-the-future-everything-s-up-to-date-in-tel-aviv-it-s-1935-1.372939">"Back to the future: Everything's up to date in Tel Aviv. It's 1935"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213180603/http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/back-to-the-future-everything-s-up-to-date-in-tel-aviv-it-s-1935-1.372939">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+future%3A+Everything%27s+up+to+date+in+Tel+Aviv.+It%27s+1935&rft.date=2011-07-13&rft.aulast=Dvir&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fculture%2Farts-leisure%2Fback-to-the-future-everything-s-up-to-date-in-tel-aviv-it-s-1935-1.372939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000728750&fid=1725">Unemployment rate at historic low in Q4 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105233505/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000728750&fid=1725">Archived</a> 5 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Globes, 28 February 12 14:00, Adrian Filut </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-173"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011233537/http://economist.com/cities/findStory.cfm?city_id=TLV&folder=Facts-Figures">"Tel Aviv City Guide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/cities/findStory.cfm?city_id=TLV&folder=Facts-Figures#Economic_profile">the original</a> on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+City+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fcities%2FfindStory.cfm%3Fcity_id%3DTLV%26folder%3DFacts-Figures%23Economic_profile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newsweek-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_174-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_174-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevyMatt_Rees1998" class="citation magazine cs1">Levy, Stephen; Matt Rees (9 November 1998). "Focus on Technology: The Hot New Tech Cities". <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Focus+on+Technology%3A+The+Hot+New+Tech+Cities&rft.date=1998-11-09&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Matt+Rees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mercer-175"><a href="#cite_ref-mercer_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725183008/http://www.mercer.com/costofliving">"Cost of living top 50 cities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer Human Resource Consulting</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercer.com/costofliving">the original</a> on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cost+of+living+top+50+cities&rft.pub=Mercer+Human+Resource+Consulting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercer.com%2Fcostofliving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lboro.ac.uk-176"><a href="#cite_ref-lboro.ac.uk_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2016t.html">"GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2016"</a>. Globalization and World Cities Research Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010004859/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalization+and+World+Cities+Research+Network&rft.atitle=GaWC+%E2%80%93+The+World+According+to+GaWC+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2016t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2012" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Sagi (5 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4315220,00.html">"Tel Aviv named 2nd best high-tech center – Israel Business, Ynetnews"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130315063702/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4315220,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+named+2nd+best+high-tech+center+%E2%80%93+Israel+Business%2C+Ynetnews&rft.date=2012-12-05&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Sagi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4315220%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersburg2013" class="citation news cs1">Petersburg, Ofer (4 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4352010,00.html">"Tel Aviv ranks 2nd in innovation – Israel Business, Ynetnews"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314190323/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4352010,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+ranks+2nd+in+innovation+%E2%80%93+Israel+Business%2C+Ynetnews&rft.date=2013-03-04&rft.aulast=Petersburg&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4352010%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_The-Worlds-Billionaires_CountryOfCitizen_10.html">"The World's Billionaires"</a>. Forbes. 8 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110128013635/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_The-Worlds-Billionaires_CountryOfCitizen_10.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Billionaires&rft.date=2007-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Flists%2F2007%2F10%2F07billionaires_The-Worlds-Billionaires_CountryOfCitizen_10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBin-Nun2006" class="citation news cs1">Bin-Nun, Boaz (9 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/81/biz_06israel_Israels-Richest_land.html">"Israel's 40 Richest"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707001059/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/81/biz_06israel_Israels-Richest_land.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+40+Richest&rft.date=2006-12-09&rft.aulast=Bin-Nun&rft.aufirst=Boaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Flists%2F2006%2F81%2Fbiz_06israel_Israels-Richest_land.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/worldwide-cost-of-living-2021/">"Cost of Living Index 2021"</a>. Economist Intelligence Unit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124174307/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/worldwide-cost-of-living-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economist+Intelligence+Unit&rft.atitle=Cost+of+Living+Index+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eiu.com%2Fn%2Fcampaigns%2Fworldwide-cost-of-living-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandler2007" class="citation news cs1">Sandler, Neal (21 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070626072752/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jun2007/gb20070621_251927.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_global+business">"Israel: A Hotbed of...Investment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_BusinessWeek" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg BusinessWeek">Bloomberg BusinessWeek</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jun2007/gb20070621_251927.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_global+business">the original</a> on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+A+Hotbed+of...Investment&rft.date=2007-06-21&rft.aulast=Sandler&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fglobalbiz%2Fcontent%2Fjun2007%2Fgb20070621_251927.htm%3Fchan%3Dtop%2Bnews_top%2Bnews%2Bindex_global%2Bbusiness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenor,_Singer2009" class="citation book cs1">Senor, Singer, Dan, Saul (2009). Start Up Nation. New York: Twelve. pp. 13–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Start+Up+Nation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.pub=Twelve&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Senor%2C+Singer&rft.aufirst=Dan%2C+Saul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102042444/http://www.knightfrank.com/wealthreport/2011/global-cities-survey/">"Results of the Knight Frank Global Cities Survey"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knightfrank.com/wealthreport/2011/global-cities-survey/">the original</a> on 2 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+the+Knight+Frank+Global+Cities+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knightfrank.com%2Fwealthreport%2F2011%2Fglobal-cities-survey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Travel/TravelNews/Article.aspx?id=193541">"Tel Aviv ranked world's 3rd hottest city for 2011"</a>. November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021051440/http://www.jpost.com/Travel/TravelNews/Article.aspx?id=193541">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv+ranked+world%27s+3rd+hottest+city+for+2011&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FTravel%2FTravelNews%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D193541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711144419/http://www.travelandleisure.com/worldsbest/2011/cities/africa-middle-east-cities/252">"World's Best Awards 2011 – Africa and the Middle East"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelandleisure.com/worldsbest/2011/cities/africa-middle-east-cities/252">the original</a> on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+Best+Awards+2011+%E2%80%93+Africa+and+the+Middle+East&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelandleisure.com%2Fworldsbest%2F2011%2Fcities%2Fafrica-middle-east-cities%2F252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Top_10_Beach_Cities-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Top_10_Beach_Cities_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Top_10_Beach_Cities_187-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/beach-cities-photos">"Top 10 Beach Cities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. 8 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100721215624/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/beach-cities-photos/#beaches-tel-aviv-cities_22323_600x450.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Society&rft.atitle=Top+10+Beach+Cities&rft.date=2010-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fbeach-cities-photos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=253129">Huldai proud of Tel Aviv winning best gay city of 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120123836/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=253129">Archived</a> 20 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Jerusalem Post, January 11, 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2012/01/24/tel_aviv_emerges_as_top_gay_tourist_destination/">"Tel Aviv emerges as top gay tourist destination"</a>. Salon. Associated Press. 24 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181202024632/https://www.salon.com/2012/01/24/tel_aviv_emerges_as_top_gay_tourist_destination/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+emerges+as+top+gay+tourist+destination&rft.date=2012-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2012%2F01%2F24%2Ftel_aviv_emerges_as_top_gay_tourist_destination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/photos-top-10-oceanfront-cities">"Photos: Top 10 Oceanfront Cities"</a>. National Geographic Travel. 19 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103409/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/photos-top-10-oceanfront-cities/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Travel&rft.atitle=Photos%3A+Top+10+Oceanfront+Cities&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fphotos-top-10-oceanfront-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Top_10_party_towns-191"><a href="#cite_ref-Top_10_party_towns_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100410045707/http://www.smh.com.au/travel/the-worlds-top-10-party-towns-20091118-im4q.html">"The world's top 10 party towns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. 19 November 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/travel/the-worlds-top-10-party-towns-20091118-im4q.html">the original</a> on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+top+10+party+towns&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ftravel%2Fthe-worlds-top-10-party-towns-20091118-im4q.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lonelyplanet.com-192"><a href="#cite_ref-lonelyplanet.com_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101103065648/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/new-york-city/travel-tips-and-articles/76165">"Lonely Planet's top 10 cities for 2011"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/new-york-city/travel-tips-and-articles/76165">the original</a> on 3 November 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lonely+Planet%27s+top+10+cities+for+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fusa%2Fnew-york-city%2Ftravel-tips-and-articles%2F76165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrijbassi2011" class="citation news cs1">Brijbassi, Adrian (15 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/travel/article/953921--5-best-irish-pubs-not-in-ireland">"5 best Irish pubs not in Ireland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">Toronto Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023234008/http://www.thestar.com/travel/article/953921--5-best-irish-pubs-not-in-ireland">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=5+best+Irish+pubs+not+in+Ireland&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.aulast=Brijbassi&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F953921--5-best-irish-pubs-not-in-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828221824/http://city-tour.co.il/ntextin.asp?psn=1109">"Tel Aviv bus tour"</a>. Tel Aviv City Tours. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://city-tour.co.il/ntextin.asp?psn=1109">the original</a> on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv+bus+tour&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv+City+Tours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcity-tour.co.il%2Fntextin.asp%3Fpsn%3D1109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080127163542/http://www.telavivarchitecture.com/">"Tel Aviv architecture tour"</a>. TelAvivArchitecture.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telavivarchitecture.com">the original</a> on 27 January 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TelAvivArchitecture.com&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+architecture+tour&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telavivarchitecture.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.segways.co.il/">"Tel Aviv segway tours"</a>. Segways.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151219180315/http://www.segways.co.il/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Segways.co.il&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+segway+tours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.segways.co.il%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005941/http://telaviv4fun.com/citywalks.html">"Tel Aviv walking tours"</a>. TelAviv4Fun.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telaviv4fun.com/citywalks.html">the original</a> on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TelAviv4Fun.com&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+walking+tours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telaviv4fun.com%2Fcitywalks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913132730/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/english/StatisticalOverview.htm">"Tel Aviv Statistical Overview"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/english/StatisticalOverview.htm">the original</a> on 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+Statistical+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2Fenglish%2FStatisticalOverview.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arch-199">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arch_199-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arch_199-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arch_199-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arch_199-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409004022/http://mjwein.net/lectures/T-Lec-WhiteCity.pdf">"Green, White or Black City?"</a> (PDF). Martin Wein, Emory University. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mjwein.net/lectures/T-Lec-WhiteCity.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green%2C+White+or+Black+City%3F&rft.pub=Martin+Wein%2C+Emory+University&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmjwein.net%2Flectures%2FT-Lec-WhiteCity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TA-200"><a href="#cite_ref-TA_200-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/cityhall/history/history04.htm">Tel Aviv Municipality: History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006052408/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/english/cityhall/history/history04.htm">Archived</a> 2008-10-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610155902/http://whc.unesco.org/PG.CFM?cid=31&id_site=1096">"White City of Tel Aviv"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1096">the original</a> on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+City+of+Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fpg.cfm%3Fcid%3D31%26id_site%3D1096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/Architecture/Bauhaus.html">"Bauhaus Architecture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071204005608/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/Architecture/Bauhaus.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2007. Retrieved 11 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bauhaus+Architecture&rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FSociety_%26_Culture%2FArchitecture%2FBauhaus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/2881/skyscrapers-dotting-tel-aviv-landscape">"Skyscrapers dotting Tel Aviv landscape | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California"</a>. J. 29 March 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012062544/http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/2881/skyscrapers-dotting-tel-aviv-landscape">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J&rft.atitle=Skyscrapers+dotting+Tel+Aviv+landscape+%26%23124%3B+j.+the+Jewish+news+weekly+of+Northern+California&rft.date=1996-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jweekly.com%2Farticle%2Ffull%2F2881%2Fskyscrapers-dotting-tel-aviv-landscape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> Fox, Jesse: Tel Aviv's skyline in 2025 (21 May 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersburg1995" class="citation news cs1">Petersburg, Ofer (20 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3888492,00.html">"No new skyscrapers in central Tel Aviv – Israel Business, Ynetnews"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120822131552/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3888492,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=No+new+skyscrapers+in+central+Tel+Aviv+%E2%80%93+Israel+Business%2C+Ynetnews&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft.aulast=Petersburg&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3888492%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_206-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anumuseum.org.il/he/odesa-tel-aviv/">"תערוכת אודסה - תל אביב | אנו - מוזיאון העם היהודי"</a>. Museum of the Jewish People (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029184618/https://www.anumuseum.org.il/he/odesa-tel-aviv/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museum+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.atitle=%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%94+-+%D7%AA%D7%9C+%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91+%7C+%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95+-+%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anumuseum.org.il%2Fhe%2Fodesa-tel-aviv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:032-207"><a href="#cite_ref-:032_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOfrat1979" class="citation news cs1">Ofrat, Gideon (23 November 1979). "Enough with all the Frenkels!". Haaretz Weekly. pp. 28, 29, 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz+Weekly&rft.atitle=Enough+with+all+the+Frenkels%21&rft.pages=28%2C+29%2C+30&rft.date=1979-11-23&rft.aulast=Ofrat&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-208">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_208-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_208-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHecht_Museum2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hecht Museum (2013). After the School Of Paris (in English and Hebrew). Israel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789655350272" title="Special:BookSources/9789655350272"><bdi>9789655350272</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+School+Of+Paris&rft.place=Israel&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789655350272&rft.au=Hecht+Museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-209"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gideonofrat.wordpress.com/2011/01/01/%d7%99%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%a7-%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%a0%d7%a7%d7%9c-%d7%97%d7%99%d7%91%d7%95%d7%a8-%d7%9c%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%a2%d7%a6%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%9d/">"יצחק פרנקל: "חיבור ללא עצמים""</a>. המחסן של גדעון עפרת (in Hebrew). 1 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231102121455/https://gideonofrat.wordpress.com/2011/01/01/%d7%99%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%a7-%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%a0%d7%a7%d7%9c-%d7%97%d7%99%d7%91%d7%95%d7%a8-%d7%9c%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%a2%d7%a6%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%9d/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%9F+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%AA&rft.atitle=%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7+%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C%3A+%22%D7%97%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8+%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%90+%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%22&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgideonofrat.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F01%2F01%2F%25d7%2599%25d7%25a6%25d7%2597%25d7%25a7-%25d7%25a4%25d7%25a8%25d7%25a0%25d7%25a7%25d7%259c-%25d7%2597%25d7%2599%25d7%2591%25d7%2595%25d7%25a8-%25d7%259c%25d7%259c%25d7%2590-%25d7%25a2%25d7%25a6%25d7%259e%25d7%2599%25d7%259d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFטרכטנברגTrajtenberg2002" class="citation journal cs1">טרכטנברג, גרסיאלה; Trajtenberg, Graciela (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23442346">"The Pre-State Jewish Bourgeoisie and the Institutionalization of the Field of Plastic Art / בין בורגנות לאמנות פלסטית בתקופת היישוב"</a>. Israeli Sociology / סוציולוגיה ישראלית. ד (1): 7–38. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1565-1495">1565-1495</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23442346">23442346</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231027073855/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23442346">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israeli+Sociology+%2F+%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA&rft.atitle=The+Pre-State+Jewish+Bourgeoisie+and+the+Institutionalization+of+the+Field+of+Plastic+Art+%2F+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F+%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91&rft.volume=%D7%93&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23442346%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1565-1495&rft.aulast=%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92&rft.aufirst=%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94&rft.au=Trajtenberg%2C+Graciela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23442346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecoledeparis.org/alexandre-frenel/">"Alexandre FRENEL"</a>. Bureau d’art Ecole de Paris. 2 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207133505/https://ecoledeparis.org/alexandre-frenel/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+d%E2%80%99art+Ecole+de+Paris&rft.atitle=Alexandre+FRENEL&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecoledeparis.org%2Falexandre-frenel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/benezit/display/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.001.0001/acref-9780199773787-e-00068047">"Frenel, Yitzhak or Isaac, Alexandre; real name Isaac Frenel-Fraenkel"</a>. Benezit Dictionary of Artists. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.article.B00068047">10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00068047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Benezit+Dictionary+of+Artists&rft.atitle=Frenel%2C+Yitzhak+or+Isaac%2C+Alexandre%3B+real+name+Isaac+Frenel-Fraenkel&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.article.B00068047&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fbenezit%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.001.0001%2Facref-9780199773787-e-00068047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_213-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_213-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/les-peintres-juifs-de-lecole-de-paris-imposent-leur-genie-au-mahj/">"Les peintres juifs de " l'École de Paris " imposent leur génie au MahJ"</a>. fr.timesofisrael.com (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028084608/https://fr.timesofisrael.com/les-peintres-juifs-de-lecole-de-paris-imposent-leur-genie-au-mahj/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fr.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Les+peintres+juifs+de+%22+l%27%C3%89cole+de+Paris+%22+imposent+leur+g%C3%A9nie+au+MahJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.timesofisrael.com%2Fles-peintres-juifs-de-lecole-de-paris-imposent-leur-genie-au-mahj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotar.cet.ac.il/kotarapp/index/Chapter.aspx?nBookID=99380671&nTocEntryID=99383120">"אמנות ואמנים בצפת גדעון עפרת"</a>. kotar.cet.ac.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106092905/https://kotar.cet.ac.il/kotarapp/index/Chapter.aspx?nBookID=99380671&nTocEntryID=99383120">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kotar.cet.ac.il&rft.atitle=%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%AA+%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotar.cet.ac.il%2Fkotarapp%2Findex%2FChapter.aspx%3FnBookID%3D99380671%26nTocEntryID%3D99383120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/2010-05-26/ty-article/cafe-society/0000017f-dbf8-df62-a9ff-dfff73fb0000">"Cafe Society"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240302153744/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/2010-05-26/ty-article/cafe-society/0000017f-dbf8-df62-a9ff-dfff73fb0000">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Cafe+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fculture%2F2010-05-26%2Fty-article%2Fcafe-society%2F0000017f-dbf8-df62-a9ff-dfff73fb0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tiroche.co.il/paintings-authors/reuven-rubin/">"Reuven Rubin | His paintings reflect the Eretz Israeli light | Tiroche Auctions"</a>. לתירוש. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211092430/https://www.tiroche.co.il/paintings-authors/reuven-rubin/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9&rft.atitle=Reuven+Rubin+%7C+His+paintings+reflect+the+Eretz+Israeli+light+%7C+Tiroche+Auctions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiroche.co.il%2Fpaintings-authors%2Freuven-rubin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kings-gallery.com/nachum-gutman-and-his-art/">"Nachum Gutman and His Art - Kings Gallery - Jerusalem"</a>. 29 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002080219/https://kings-gallery.com/nachum-gutman-and-his-art/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nachum+Gutman+and+His+Art+-+Kings+Gallery+-+Jerusalem&rft.date=2022-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkings-gallery.com%2Fnachum-gutman-and-his-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tamuseum.org.il/en/about/history/">"History \ Tel Aviv Museum of Art"</a>. www.tamuseum.org.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012113540/https://www.tamuseum.org.il/en/about/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tamuseum.org.il&rft.atitle=History+%5C+Tel+Aviv+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tamuseum.org.il%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011022740/http://www.visit-tlv.co.il/eng.html">"Museums and Galleries"</a>. Tel Aviv Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visit-tlv.co.il/eng.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 22 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museums+and+Galleries&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visit-tlv.co.il%2Feng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharkansky2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ira_Sharkansky" title="Ira Sharkansky">Sharkansky, Ira</a> (2005). Governing Israel: Chosen People, Promised Land and Prophetic Tradition. Transaction Publishers. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0277-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0277-4"><bdi>978-0-7658-0277-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+Israel%3A+Chosen+People%2C+Promised+Land+and+Prophetic+Tradition&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7658-0277-4&rft.aulast=Sharkansky&rft.aufirst=Ira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070911073600/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/culture/museums/index.htm">"Treasure of the State"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/culture/museums/index.htm">the original</a> on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treasure+of+the+State&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FEnglish%2Fculture%2Fmuseums%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080114035243/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/culture/museums/list.htm">"The Museums of Tel-Aviv-Jaffa"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/culture/museums/list.htm">the original</a> on 14 January 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Museums+of+Tel-Aviv-Jaffa&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FEnglish%2Fculture%2Fmuseums%2Flist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelsensteinSchamp2002" class="citation book cs1">Felsenstein, Daniel; Schamp, Eike W. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wyPZRi9uYxUC&pg=PA196">Emerging Nodes in the Global Economy: Frankfurt and Tel Aviv Compared</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-0924-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-0924-2"><bdi>978-1-4020-0924-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427162344/https://books.google.com/books?id=wyPZRi9uYxUC&pg=PA196">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emerging+Nodes+in+the+Global+Economy%3A+Frankfurt+and+Tel+Aviv+Compared&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-0924-2&rft.aulast=Felsenstein&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Schamp%2C+Eike+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyPZRi9uYxUC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-culture-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-culture_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_224-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_224-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_224-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_224-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217073110/http://www.cityguide.travel-guides.com/city/125/culture/Middle-East/Tel-Aviv.html">"Tel Aviv Culture"</a>. TravelGuides.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityguide.travel-guides.com/city/125/culture/Middle-East/Tel-Aviv.html">the original</a> on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TravelGuides.com&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityguide.travel-guides.com%2Fcity%2F125%2Fculture%2FMiddle-East%2FTel-Aviv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080122050952/http://www.israel-opera.co.il/Eng/?CategoryID=220&ArticleID=146">"History and Architecture"</a>. Israel Opera. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israel-opera.co.il/Eng/?CategoryID=220&ArticleID=146">the original</a> on 22 January 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+and+Architecture&rft.pub=Israel+Opera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israel-opera.co.il%2FEng%2F%3FCategoryID%3D220%26ArticleID%3D146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080119103403/http://www.hatarbut.co.il/English/about.htm">"Mann Auditorium"</a>. Hatarbut.co.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hatarbut.co.il/English/about.htm">the original</a> on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hatarbut.co.il&rft.atitle=Mann+Auditorium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hatarbut.co.il%2FEnglish%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iexplore-227"><a href="#cite_ref-iexplore_227-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602192159/http://www.iexplore.com/cityguides/Israel/Tel%2BAviv/Activities">"Tel Aviv Activities"</a>. iExplore.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iexplore.com/cityguides/Israel/Tel+Aviv/Activities">the original</a> on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iExplore.com&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+Activities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iexplore.com%2Fcityguides%2FIsrael%2FTel%2BAviv%2FActivities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-228"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSTRE48O92W20080925?feedType=RSS&feedName=entertainmentNews">"McCartney wows fans with historic Israel concert"</a>. Reuters. 25 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221034557/http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSTRE48O92W20080925?feedType=RSS&feedName=entertainmentNews">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 26 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=McCartney+wows+fans+with+historic+Israel+concert&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FentertainmentNews%2FidUSTRE48O92W20080925%3FfeedType%3DRSS%26feedName%3DentertainmentNews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haaretz-229"><a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1026314.html">"Depeche Mode to kick off next world tour in Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224040943/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1026314.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Depeche+Mode+to+kick+off+next+world+tour+in+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1026314.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ynet-230"><a href="#cite_ref-Ynet_230-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/107163/">"Madonna To Wrap Up Tour in Tel Aviv"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Daily Forward">The Jewish Daily Forward</a>. 4 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805194552/http://www.forward.com/articles/107163/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Daily+Forward&rft.atitle=Madonna+To+Wrap+Up+Tour+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2009-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forward.com%2Farticles%2F107163%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/tel-aviv-municipality-to-run-free-shabbat-buses-to-eurovision/">"Tel Aviv municipality to run free Shabbat buses to Eurovision"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526063713/https://www.timesofisrael.com/tel-aviv-municipality-to-run-free-shabbat-buses-to-eurovision/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+municipality+to+run+free+Shabbat+buses+to+Eurovision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ftel-aviv-municipality-to-run-free-shabbat-buses-to-eurovision%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinzen2013" class="citation news cs1">Linzen, Yael (25 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4372126,00.html">"Absolut bottle dedicated to Tel Aviv"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803165223/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4372126,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Absolut+bottle+dedicated+to+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft.aulast=Linzen&rft.aufirst=Yael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4372126%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Was_Arafat_Gay?-233"><a href="#cite_ref-Was_Arafat_Gay?_233-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090126202221/http://www.out.com/detail.asp?id=22719">"Was Arafat Gay?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Out_(magazine)" title="Out (magazine)">Out</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://out.com/detail.asp?id=22719">the original</a> on 26 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Out&rft.atitle=Was+Arafat+Gay%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fout.com%2Fdetail.asp%3Fid%3D22719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burden-234"><a href="#cite_ref-Burden_234-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113221159/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-4174274%2C00.html">"Tel Aviv named world's best gay city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a>. 11 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4174274,00.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+named+world%27s+best+gay+city&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4174274%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829093319/https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/travel/2016/03/17/welcome-tel-aviv-gayest-city-earth/y9V15VazXhtSjXVSo9gT9K/story.html">"Welcome to Tel Aviv, the gayest city on earth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. 16 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/travel/2016/03/17/welcome-tel-aviv-gayest-city-earth/y9V15VazXhtSjXVSo9gT9K/story.html">the original</a> on 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Tel+Aviv%2C+the+gayest+city+on+earth&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Flifestyle%2Ftravel%2F2016%2F03%2F17%2Fwelcome-tel-aviv-gayest-city-earth%2Fy9V15VazXhtSjXVSo9gT9K%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/en/Pages/ArticlePage.aspx?WebID=9336473c-1537-4ab6-8a69-d299b5db8bcc&ListID=b4eda22c-a69a-4bef-9479-05d5a832ad16&ItemId=99">"Tel Aviv- A City With Pride"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. 16 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309000107/https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/en/Pages/ArticlePage.aspx?WebID=9336473c-1537-4ab6-8a69-d299b5db8bcc&ListID=b4eda22c-a69a-4bef-9479-05d5a832ad16&ItemId=99">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022. <q>In order to fully embrace Tel Aviv's unique personality, the city's gay community is the most vibrant and essential characteristic. Making up an estimated 25% of the entire population, the substantially large gay community is an integral part of Tel Aviv's culture.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Aviv-+A+City+With+Pride&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2Fen%2FPages%2FArticlePage.aspx%3FWebID%3D9336473c-1537-4ab6-8a69-d299b5db8bcc%26ListID%3Db4eda22c-a69a-4bef-9479-05d5a832ad16%26ItemId%3D99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinatLis2016" class="citation web cs1">Rinat, Zafrir; Lis, Jonathan (3 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.722976">"200,000 Israelis, Tourists Take Part in Tel Aviv Gay Pride Parade"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920071808/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.722976">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=200%2C000+Israelis%2C+Tourists+Take+Part+in+Tel+Aviv+Gay+Pride+Parade&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.aulast=Rinat&rft.aufirst=Zafrir&rft.au=Lis%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-1.722976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zeitun-238"><a href="#cite_ref-zeitun_238-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitun2008" class="citation news cs1">Zeitun, Yoav (26 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3644715,00.html">"Tel Aviv recruits gay athletes for 2009 World Outgames"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227095110/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3644715,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+recruits+gay+athletes+for+2009+World+Outgames&rft.date=2008-12-26&rft.aulast=Zeitun&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3644715%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-T+L1-239"><a href="#cite_ref-T+L1_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2008" class="citation web cs1">Kaufman, David (March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/newsflash-whats-new-in-tel-aviv">"What's New in Tel Aviv"</a>. Travel+Leisure. Meredith Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081019151535/http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/newsflash-whats-new-in-tel-aviv">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel%2BLeisure&rft.atitle=What%27s+New+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2008-03&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelandleisure.com%2Farticles%2Fnewsflash-whats-new-in-tel-aviv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinsberg2011" class="citation news cs1">Ginsberg, Merle (21 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/fash-track/roberto-cavalli-spring-2012-tel-aviv-fashion-week-264432">"Roberto Cavalli Shows Spring 2012 Collection at First Ever Tel Aviv Fashion Week"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627230730/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/fash-track/roberto-cavalli-spring-2012-tel-aviv-fashion-week-264432">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Roberto+Cavalli+Shows+Spring+2012+Collection+at+First+Ever+Tel+Aviv+Fashion+Week&rft.date=2011-11-21&rft.aulast=Ginsberg&rft.aufirst=Merle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Ffash-track%2Froberto-cavalli-spring-2012-tel-aviv-fashion-week-264432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-news-241"><a href="#cite_ref-news_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abyznewslinks.com/israe.htm">"Israel Newspapers"</a>. Abzynewslinks.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208085205/http://www.abyznewslinks.com/israe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abzynewslinks.com&rft.atitle=Israel+Newspapers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abyznewslinks.com%2Fisrae.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondotimes.com/1/world/il/235/4739">"Tel Aviv Israel news media"</a>. Mondotimes.com. Retrieved 31 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mondotimes.com&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+Israel+news+media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mondotimes.com%2F1%2Fworld%2Fil%2F235%2F4739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenwick2010" class="citation news cs1">Benwick, Bonnie S. (4 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/01/AR2010040103382.html">"Tasting Tel Aviv, Israel's culinary capital"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130151451/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/01/AR2010040103382.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Tasting+Tel+Aviv%2C+Israel%27s+culinary+capital&rft.date=2010-04-04&rft.aulast=Benwick&rft.aufirst=Bonnie+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F04%2F01%2FAR2010040103382.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaradas-Trutino2008" class="citation news cs1">Saradas-Trutino, Sarit (28 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3499855,00.html">"Israel becomes sushi mecca"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131102450/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3499855,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Israel+becomes+sushi+mecca&rft.date=2008-01-28&rft.aulast=Saradas-Trutino&rft.aufirst=Sarit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3499855%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater2003" class="citation book cs1">Slater, Robert (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GWE_lEPfHpIC&q=yael+arad+olympics+tel+aviv&pg=PA19">Great Jews in Sports</a>. Jonathan David Company, Inc. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8246-0453-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8246-0453-0"><bdi>978-0-8246-0453-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815055500/https://books.google.com/books?id=GWE_lEPfHpIC&q=yael+arad+olympics+tel+aviv&pg=PA19">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Jews+in+Sports&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Jonathan+David+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8246-0453-0&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGWE_lEPfHpIC%26q%3Dyael%2Barad%2Bolympics%2Btel%2Baviv%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fotw.info/flags/il@hapta.html">"Hapoel Tel Aviv"</a>. Flag of the World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629025747/http://www.fotw.net/flags/il%40hapta.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hapoel+Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=Flag+of+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fotw.info%2Fflags%2Fil%40hapta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113952/http://www.rowersalmanac.com/profiles/israel.asp">"Rowers Almanac"</a>. Rowersalmanac.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rowersalmanac.com/profiles/israel.asp">the original</a> on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rowersalmanac.com&rft.atitle=Rowers+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rowersalmanac.com%2Fprofiles%2Fisrael.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070726094956/http://www.telaviv-insider.co.il/sports.php">"Sports in the Tel-Aviv"</a>. Tel Aviv Insider. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telaviv-insider.co.il/sports.php">the original</a> on 26 July 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sports+in+the+Tel-Aviv&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv+Insider&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telaviv-insider.co.il%2Fsports.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214233/http://www.stljewishlight.com/topstories/12348156495807.php">"Israel Baseball League starts in June"</a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a> Jewish Light. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stljewishlight.com/topstories/12348156495807.php">the original</a> on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Jewish+Light&rft.atitle=Israel+Baseball+League+starts+in+June&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stljewishlight.com%2Ftopstories%2F12348156495807.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081112095032/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1035198.html">"10,000 athletes to run in Tel Aviv half marathon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1035198.html">the original</a> on 12 November 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=10%2C000+athletes+to+run+in+Tel+Aviv+half+marathon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1035198.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/thousands-sport-sneakers-for-tel-aviv-marathon-1.354898">"Thousands sport sneakers for Tel Aviv marathon"</a>. Haaretz. Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110411045258/http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/thousands-sport-sneakers-for-tel-aviv-marathon-1.354898">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Thousands+sport+sneakers+for+Tel+Aviv+marathon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fthousands-sport-sneakers-for-tel-aviv-marathon-1.354898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuldai2023" class="citation news cs1">Huldai, Ron (6 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2023-06-06/ty-article-opinion/.premium/tough-decisions-for-an-accessible-tel-aviv/00000188-8d2c-d808-abcc-cd2cf5850000">"Tough Decisions for an Accessible Tel Aviv"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605225622/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2023-06-06/ty-article-opinion/.premium/tough-decisions-for-an-accessible-tel-aviv/00000188-8d2c-d808-abcc-cd2cf5850000">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tough+Decisions+for+an+Accessible+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft.aulast=Huldai&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fopinion%2F2023-06-06%2Fty-article-opinion%2F.premium%2Ftough-decisions-for-an-accessible-tel-aviv%2F00000188-8d2c-d808-abcc-cd2cf5850000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2001" class="citation web cs1">Solomon, Shoshanna (1 November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/11/Facets%20of%20the%20Israeli%20Economy-%20Transportation">"Facets of the Israeli Economy – Transportation"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016111121/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/11/Facets%20of%20the%20Israeli%20Economy-%20Transportation">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facets+of+the+Israeli+Economy+%E2%80%93+Transportation&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Shoshanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F2000_2009%2F2001%2F11%2FFacets%2520of%2520the%2520Israeli%2520Economy-%2520Transportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaefer2014" class="citation news cs1">Schaefer, Brian (22 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/travel/inter-city-shared-taxis-1.5230176">"How to Take Inter-city Shared Taxis Between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119044609/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/travel/inter-city-shared-taxis-1.5230176">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=How+to+Take+Inter-city+Shared+Taxis+Between+Jerusalem+and+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Ftravel%2Finter-city-shared-taxis-1.5230176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRibin" class="citation web cs1">Ribin, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hatachana.co.il/Home">"HATACHANA – HOME PAGE"</a>. Hatachana.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327164650/http://hatachana.co.il/Home">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hatachana.co.il&rft.atitle=HATACHANA+%E2%80%93+HOME+PAGE&rft.aulast=Ribin&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hatachana.co.il%2FHome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkat2011" class="citation news cs1">Barkat, Amiram (20 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000684515&fid=1725">"Work begins on Tel Aviv light rail"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Globes_(newspaper)" title="Globes (newspaper)">Globes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229075954/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000684515&fid=1725">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Work+begins+on+Tel+Aviv+light+rail&rft.date=2011-09-20&rft.aulast=Barkat&rft.aufirst=Amiram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globes.co.il%2Fserveen%2Fglobes%2Fdocview.asp%3Fdid%3D1000684515%26fid%3D1725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maariv920-257"><a href="#cite_ref-maariv920_257-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cohen, Moshe (4 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maariv.co.il/news/israel/Article-787911">"עבודות הרכבת הקלה בתל אביב נכנסות לשלב הסופי"</a> [Red Line Works in Tel Aviv Entering Final Stage]. <a href="/wiki/Maariv_(newspaper)" title="Maariv (newspaper)">Maariv</a> (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017195318/https://www.maariv.co.il/news/israel/Article-787911">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maariv&rft.atitle=%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C+%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91+%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%91+%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99&rft.date=2020-10-04&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maariv.co.il%2Fnews%2Fisrael%2FArticle-787911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2016" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Carl (1 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/metro/tel-aviv-light-rail-what-a-difference-a-year-makes-466080">"The project that could help determine Israel's future"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190817150406/https://www.jpost.com/Metro/Tel-Aviv-Light-Rail-What-a-difference-a-year-makes-466080">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=The+project+that+could+help+determine+Israel%27s+future&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmetro%2Ftel-aviv-light-rail-what-a-difference-a-year-makes-466080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/we-waited-a-long-time-for-this-tel-aviv-light-rail-sets-off-after-years-of-delays/">"'We waited a long time for this': Tel Aviv light rail sets off after years of delays"</a>. The Times of Israel. 18 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230818122352/https://www.timesofisrael.com/we-waited-a-long-time-for-this-tel-aviv-light-rail-sets-off-after-years-of-delays/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27We+waited+a+long+time+for+this%27%3A+Tel+Aviv+light+rail+sets+off+after+years+of+delays&rft.pub=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.date=2023-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fwe-waited-a-long-time-for-this-tel-aviv-light-rail-sets-off-after-years-of-delays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-globes-purple-260"><a href="#cite_ref-globes-purple_260-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorodeisky2018" class="citation news cs1">Gorodeisky, Sonia (25 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-work-begins-on-second-ta-light-rail-line-1001266293">"Work begins on second Tel Aviv light rail line"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Globes_(newspaper)" title="Globes (newspaper)">Globes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190409214431/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-work-begins-on-second-ta-light-rail-line-1001266293">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=Work+begins+on+second+Tel+Aviv+light+rail+line&rft.date=2018-12-25&rft.aulast=Gorodeisky&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.globes.co.il%2Fen%2Farticle-work-begins-on-second-ta-light-rail-line-1001266293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-tel-aviv-light-rail-green-line-completion-delayed-until-2028-1001386574">"Tel Aviv light rail Green Line completion delayed until 2028"</a>. Globes. 7 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103222248/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-tel-aviv-light-rail-green-line-completion-delayed-until-2028-1001386574">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+light+rail+Green+Line+completion+delayed+until+2028&rft.date=2021-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.globes.co.il%2Fen%2Farticle-tel-aviv-light-rail-green-line-completion-delayed-until-2028-1001386574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ynet-2021-update-262"><a href="#cite_ref-ynet-2021-update_262-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZagrizak,_Asaf2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zagrizak, Asaf (13 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/hkgkpgqtd">"מרימים לתחתית: פרויקט המטרו של גוש דן: תמונת מצב"</a> [Setting up for the underground: Gush Dan metro project: situation report]. <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a> (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011180516/https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/hkgkpgqtd">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA%3A+%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9+%D7%93%D7%9F%3A+%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%91&rft.date=2021-07-13&rft.au=Zagrizak%2C+Asaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fhkgkpgqtd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrobel2008" class="citation news cs1">Wrobel, Sharon (1 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/landedpages/printarticle.aspx?id=88094">"Public transportation to be overhauled"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123507/http://www.jpost.com/landedpages/printarticle.aspx?id=88094">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Public+transportation+to+be+overhauled&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.aulast=Wrobel&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Flandedpages%2Fprintarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D88094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-Eli2006" class="citation news cs1">Bar-Eli, Avi (30 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001103806/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/793988.html">"Sde Dov to be vacated, state gets half of Big Bloc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/793988.html">the original</a> on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Sde+Dov+to+be+vacated%2C+state+gets+half+of+Big+Bloc&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft.aulast=Bar-Eli&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F793988.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/Tel-Aviv-And-Center/City-wheels-in-bicycle-rental-plan">"City wheels in bicycle rental plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 21 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904025142/http://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/Tel-Aviv-And-Center/City-wheels-in-bicycle-rental-plan">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=City+wheels+in+bicycle+rental+plan&rft.date=2008-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FLocal-Israel%2FTel-Aviv-And-Center%2FCity-wheels-in-bicycle-rental-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelegRiba2020" class="citation news cs1">Peleg, Bar; Riba, Naama (27 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-tel-aviv-plans-to-double-the-city-s-network-of-bike-paths-by-2025-1.8877233">"Tel Aviv Plans to Double the City's Network of Bike Paths by 2025"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119060250/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-tel-aviv-plans-to-double-the-city-s-network-of-bike-paths-by-2025-1.8877233">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+Plans+to+Double+the+City%27s+Network+of+Bike+Paths+by+2025&rft.date=2020-05-27&rft.aulast=Peleg&rft.aufirst=Bar&rft.au=Riba%2C+Naama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-tel-aviv-plans-to-double-the-city-s-network-of-bike-paths-by-2025-1.8877233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-o-fun.co.il/">"Tel-O-Fun"</a>. Tel Aviv Municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626092937/http://www.tel-o-fun.co.il/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel-O-Fun&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-o-fun.co.il%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/About/Pages/Partnerships.aspx">"Cities in partnership"</a>. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20171118182155/https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/About/Pages/Partnerships.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv-Yafo+Municipality&rft.atitle=Cities+in+partnership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FAbout%2FPages%2FPartnerships.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elnacional.cat/en/politics/barcelona-re-establishes-twin-city-relations-tel-aviv-colau_1086444_102.html">"Barcelona re-establishes twin city relations with Tel Aviv, suspended by Colau"</a>. ElNacional.cat. 1 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230903150038/https://www.elnacional.cat/en/politics/barcelona-re-establishes-twin-city-relations-tel-aviv-colau_1086444_102.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElNacional.cat&rft.atitle=Barcelona+re-establishes+twin+city+relations+with+Tel+Aviv%2C+suspended+by+Colau&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnacional.cat%2Fen%2Fpolitics%2Fbarcelona-re-establishes-twin-city-relations-tel-aviv-colau_1086444_102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-09-23/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/when-tel-aviv-and-gaza-signed-a-sister-city-agreement/00000183-6bd1-d4b1-a197-efdf46560000">"When Tel Aviv and Gaza Signed a Sister City Agreement"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927225930/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-09-23/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/when-tel-aviv-and-gaza-signed-a-sister-city-agreement/00000183-6bd1-d4b1-a197-efdf46560000">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=When+Tel+Aviv+and+Gaza+Signed+a+Sister+City+Agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2022-09-23%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.highlight%2Fwhen-tel-aviv-and-gaza-signed-a-sister-city-agreement%2F00000183-6bd1-d4b1-a197-efdf46560000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li>Michael Turner, Catherine Weill-Rochant, Geneviève Blondiau, Silvina Sosnovsky, Philippe Brandeis, Sur les traces du modernisme, Tel Aviv-Haïfa-Jérusalem, CIVA (ed.), Bruxelles, 2004 (In Hebrew and French).</li> <li>Jochen Visscher (ed.): Tel Aviv: The White City, Photographs by Stefan Boness, JOVIS Verlag Berlin 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-939633-75-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-939633-75-4">978-3-939633-75-4</a>.</li> <li>Catherine Weill-Rochant, L'Atlas de Tel Aviv 1908–2008, Paris, CNRS Editions, 2008 (historical maps and photos, French, soon in Hebrew and English).</li> <li>Catherine Weill-Rochant, Bauhaus " – Architektur in Tel-Aviv, L'architecture " Bauhaus " à Tel Aviv, Rita Gans (éd.), Zürich, Yad Yearim, 2008 (In German and French).</li> <li>Catherine Weill-Rochant, "The Tel Aviv School: a constrained rationalism", DOCOMOMO journal (documentation and conservation of buildings, sites and neighbourhoods of the modern movement), April 2009.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_Weill-Rochant2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Catherine Weill-Rochant (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091203073901/http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/RochantThese1.pdf">Le plan de Patrick Geddes pour la " ville blanche " de Tel Aviv : une part d'ombre et de lumière. Volume 1</a> (PDF) (PhD thesis). Paris: Université Paris 8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/RochantThese1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Le+plan+de+Patrick+Geddes+pour+la+%22+ville+blanche+%22+de+Tel+Aviv+%3A+une+part+d%27ombre+et+de+lumi%C3%A8re.+Volume+1&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Universit%C3%A9+Paris+8&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Catherine+Weill-Rochant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.univ-paris8.fr%2Fweb%2Fcollections%2Ftheses%2FRochantThese1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"> And: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_Weill-Rochant2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Catherine Weill-Rochant (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091203073505/http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/RochantThese2.pdf">Le plan de Patrick Geddes pour la " ville blanche " de Tel Aviv : une part d'ombre et de lumière. Volume 2</a> (PDF) (PhD thesis). Paris: Université Paris 8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/RochantThese2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Le+plan+de+Patrick+Geddes+pour+la+%22+ville+blanche+%22+de+Tel+Aviv+%3A+une+part+d%27ombre+et+de+lumi%C3%A8re.+Volume+2&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Universit%C3%A9+Paris+8&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Catherine+Weill-Rochant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.univ-paris8.fr%2Fweb%2Fcollections%2Ftheses%2FRochantThese2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATel+Aviv" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Catherine Weill-Rochant, Le travail de Patrick Geddes à Tel-Aviv, un plan d'ombre et de lumière, <a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a>, Éditions Universitaires Européennes, May 2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Yafo" class="extiw" title="commons:Tel Aviv-Yafo">Tel Aviv-Yafo</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv#Q33935" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel-aviv.gov.il/eng/Pages/HomePage.aspx">Official website</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016045011/http://tel-aviv.gov.il/eng/Pages/HomePage.aspx">Archived</a> 16 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) of The Tel Aviv municipality</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visit.tel-aviv.gov.il/">Tel Aviv</a> (official travel website)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190618163015/https://www.telavivfoundation.org/">Tel Aviv Foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tel_Aviv_District345" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tel_Aviv_District" title="Template:Tel Aviv District"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tel_Aviv_District" title="Template talk:Tel Aviv District"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tel_Aviv_District" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tel Aviv District"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tel_Aviv_District345" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_District" title="Tel Aviv District">Tel Aviv District</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_council_(Israel)" title="City council (Israel)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givatayim" title="Givatayim">Givatayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ono" title="Kiryat Ono">Kiryat Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Yehuda" title="Or Yehuda">Or Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon" title="Ramat HaSharon">Ramat HaSharon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tel Aviv-Yafo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_telaviv_dist.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Israel_telaviv_dist.svg/70px-Israel_telaviv_dist.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Israel_telaviv_dist.svg/105px-Israel_telaviv_dist.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Israel_telaviv_dist.svg/140px-Israel_telaviv_dist.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="990" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">Local councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azor" title="Azor">Azor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Shmaryahu" title="Kfar Shmaryahu">Kfar Shmaryahu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Other sub-divisions: <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Center District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea_and_Samaria_Area" title="Judea and Samaria Area">Judea and Samaria Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israeli_cities115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template talk:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli_cities115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">Israeli cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (East, West)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tel Aviv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Saba" title="Kfar Saba">Kfar Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut" title="Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut">Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000–99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%27ad" title="El'ad">El'ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givatayim" title="Givatayim">Givatayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hod_HaSharon" title="Hod HaSharon">Hod HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ata" title="Kiryat Ata">Kiryat Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Gat" title="Kiryat Gat">Kiryat Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_Ziona" title="Ness Ziona">Ness Ziona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27anana" title="Ra'anana">Ra'anana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netivot" title="Netivot">Netivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaAyin" title="Rosh HaAyin">Rosh HaAyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne" title="Yavne">Yavne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15,000–49,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Israel" title="Arad, Israel">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimona" title="Dimona">Dimona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Shmuel" title="Giv'at Shmuel">Giv'at Shmuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Yona" title="Kfar Yona">Kfar Yona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Bialik" title="Kiryat Bialik">Kiryat Bialik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Malakhi" title="Kiryat Malakhi">Kiryat Malakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ono" title="Kiryat Ono">Kiryat Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Yam" title="Kiryat Yam">Kiryat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesher" title="Nesher">Nesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofakim" title="Ofakim">Ofakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Akiva" title="Or Akiva">Or Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Yehuda" title="Or Yehuda">Or Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalansawe" title="Qalansawe">Qalansawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon" title="Ramat HaSharon">Ramat HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-Amr" title="Shefa-Amr">Shefa-Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirat_Carmel" title="Tirat Carmel">Tirat Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehud-Monosson" title="Yehud-Monosson">Yehud-Monosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Summer_Paralympic_Games_host_cities114" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paralympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paralympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template talk:Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paralympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Summer_Paralympic_Games_host_cities114" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:IPC_logo_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg/30px-IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg/45px-IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg/60px-IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="378" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Summer_Paralympic_Games" title="Summer Paralympic Games">Summer Paralympic Games</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Paralympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Paralympic Games host cities">host cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Paralympics" title="1960 Summer Paralympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Paralympics" title="1964 Summer Paralympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Paralympics" title="1968 Summer Paralympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tel Aviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Paralympics" title="1972 Summer Paralympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany"><img alt="West Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Paralympics" title="1976 Summer Paralympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Paralympics" title="1980 Summer Paralympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Paralympics" title="1984 Summer Paralympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Mandeville" title="Stoke Mandeville">Stoke Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Paralympics" title="1988 Summer Paralympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Paralympics" title="1992 Summer Paralympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> / <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Paralympics" title="1996 Summer Paralympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Paralympics" title="2000 Summer Paralympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Paralympics" title="2004 Summer Paralympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Paralympics" title="2008 Summer Paralympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics" title="2012 Summer Paralympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Paralympics" title="2016 Summer Paralympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics" title="2020 Summer Paralympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Paralympics" title="2024 Summer Paralympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Paralympics" title="2028 Summer Paralympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Paralympics" title="2032 Summer Paralympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33935#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1763" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33935#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1763" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33935#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012342412X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134241609">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205532/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4059353-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79066414">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11998352q">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11998352q">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35542795">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX462145">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564239805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b37e9d2b-c1c8-431b-a260-3a3ca21fcb1b">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/990236">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027547647">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044339">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&oldid=1275670401">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&oldid=1275670401</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tel_Aviv_District" title="Category:Tel Aviv District">Tel Aviv District</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tel_Aviv" title="Category:Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1909_establishments_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:1909 establishments in the Ottoman Empire">1909 establishments in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Israel" title="Category:Cities in Israel">Cities in Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Tel_Aviv_District" title="Category:Cities in Tel Aviv District">Cities in Tel Aviv District</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_villages_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Jewish villages in the Ottoman Empire">Jewish villages in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_port_cities_and_towns_in_Israel" title="Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Israel">Mediterranean port cities and towns in Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1909" title="Category:Populated places established in 1909">Populated places established in 1909</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)" title="Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2022">Articles with dead external links from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_accuracy_disputes" title="Category:All accuracy disputes">All accuracy disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accuracy_disputes_from_June_2022" title="Category:Accuracy disputes from June 2022">Accuracy disputes from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Hebrew-language_script_(he)" title="Category:CS1 uses Hebrew-language script (he)">CS1 uses Hebrew-language script (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)" title="Category:Articles with Hebrew-language sources (he)">Articles with Hebrew-language sources (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages">Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2020">Use dmy dates from September 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use American English from July 2020">Use American English from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_designation_list_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox designation list with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox designation list with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Hebrew_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Hebrew IPA">Pages with Hebrew IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_June_2013" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from June 2013">Articles lacking reliable references from June 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from November 2024">Articles lacking reliable references from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2009" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 February 2025, at 10:40 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Tel Aviv</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 155 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74b99f876-4gqrv","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.599","walltime":"4.144","ppvisitednodes":{"value":36352,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":706810,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":43503,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":41,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":986061,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3466.272 1 -total"," 45.59% 1580.266 2 Template:Reflist"," 21.19% 734.447 137 Template:Cite_web"," 19.98% 692.485 3 Template:Infobox"," 19.68% 682.110 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 9.67% 335.162 71 Template:Cite_news"," 5.37% 186.181 28 Template:Cite_book"," 3.95% 137.068 2 Template:Native_name"," 3.85% 133.355 36 Template:Flagicon"," 2.88% 99.783 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.103","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22999760,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","520","22.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","10.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","220","9.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","120","5.2"],["type","100","4.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","4.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","4.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","80","3.4"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.4"],["[others]","620","26.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-6b6f79488f-fn9b5","timestamp":"20250225225043","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tel Aviv","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tel_Aviv","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33935","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33935","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-06T01:27:29Z","dateModified":"2025-02-14T10:40:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/69\/Sarona_CBD_01_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"city in Israel"}</script> </body> </html>