CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136797dbe8d81f2',cH: 'bdiFRyHtGmgIP8ZF7JUbf.GU5AIPT5_J9xtyCDBLOQQ-1739802618-1.2.1.1-pJoCpVOpb9X_3OqGi72dTeklEGB8eu1gPiTOYlqoRosek9BdjOVicxK1_m.lHXg3',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=transition%20zone&__cf_chl_tk=z9v6Ai8m8SaqkTTRbruoB8Bmvc_8c5Iu6Ax7H6rFuS4-1739802618-1.0.1.1-C8FHs1W0aNs1CqxZeB8cQ9HjHwOxrMiLtX49B6fc4eo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739802618',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=transition%20zone&__cf_chl_f_tk=z9v6Ai8m8SaqkTTRbruoB8Bmvc_8c5Iu6Ax7H6rFuS4-1739802618-1.0.1.1-C8FHs1W0aNs1CqxZeB8cQ9HjHwOxrMiLtX49B6fc4eo",md: "TuV.STFlt331lLcZRW.UQ6R3jMoykYQPE3V9AmVcQvg-1739802618-1.2.1.1-edjJY4uz2p1NweZ6IHN8LdSlhIxViwISFoz3oEkej0RbsAITEaY8neYo9lAgE0rIuMvyNRNV_T7x6FoaCEkQ.746REVxws9gS4YUxu2Q18FlgpHQCyqg51HCb4p3aqNK_PB4nwEIGo1HeAVpbj2siwhQX08H5vsd_A7ecxXd91_lENofjSOY173XTdsSu1MRTdg.JNRunczuj2L9md.IfOM5GAAEIImotnq1tgZ_MiaZ3PFaPTqpN3vxQDirEklugnwXxEBPOKkoAT8RsREtWExhehXgQ1J6jtQK0mP8EVD6r0rzaNh0X_rKHA63gyOtILnM0wa0TMfGyJ5tKr0Eecj6I0PshLtDKMj83vdL0FE7sT75wI1Cp7XJSU1qSrsZd2hGfWea813votJIpmEQjxlagfcUG4wIgzsmu5jZBPo7EU827nXPYcIDDDuH16yK3HfA3wjQq.rbgJ28mlIVSsY5PGhJHgRwQWAH_7.2.ViJSZ71IF4fWv73kHvc8a3fHeHqNkMiJJNOIeBLC5kuMM92vaRta._EC1mvsHU5sy8Xd6S6Jy3Z7ko0Tzg7mQJgfP6gtbbkH7MZYiSm6RQapVUhh6xQnOmBIIynlUFeWJVm6FUNY2hawlxCMmqpJrHsj9fbYm__MZHnWuQpfZg.Ne5bTOLZDJvIZeR1r9oR3DEO2SWx0weAA6y0wTOXjDAgAMP78dBkh1Lf2XCHlyjemgNwMRD9bjocfdCAp31FM5uohT70BFXpe.nKrnDnCANiGREmgqSySytuQS6mObDnLB.OC1GwA1qeODg.5IW9AbIIxB.MjBBDbrpGCewg9lLyxya0_IprX98Npf_1D6wQNCEBZtHWZVWK1n7kXYESkNVo.MRdp0hYk8y1moCgJobGijsYkDoCB0ncHKXiezM7jYuMCAR54WZUgdKG.L2b39sBDAd3dhY2coEG5H3ym6ZynD0B63rH6QUl23xad.9sNP_VHUdwQUJ3Eg43Q37Oac.p.G05.ZZ9ZdjodPyJG_OkJ4KdBo1NW91zJ_.we0Bn5eDjEKky18XoE94OQURojr47KBJ3dpsvLlOsh0WuTeFmJJHpebSOWL5tTKkxvpAeruOFX7Tdpxd7En6Uw7JCIbJsgH7HgxD6LghEqo6qphIHxdOh8.7WfUlhWHzTgzRQeOcudiRx1uI1yFOKNcQIFDBYXQv8CfxI.tIcG8EGtZuF4ZWrnwvMfK8gPpnhIqU1nZJFCRJCVKCKgHXFh75X8zT353pAy8rYmsMyQSXNBL1y.QRA_HtpTIj86mX008tADW.dZzqzODN1ztnLEvVFomtNV4E2CLgT0weWG9z2MzywtYi16Jl36xU1UjUEDewq1fOisuMt54KCveaPPH_cxeiQjK82HL1gVSaU_1A5bT.x7zyqxyBJKHPvY6nlDDQ7vsjb8QdtP75cNZ0ohvAJNwNxqyFfIfaRFVVR7xF_hXdidJeomt2Ud9drOohwuUxNtZVVJpjbft_JKZe0F2X38A0B4MHzQbmCat6.Nq0.M6fjKTp_9oYeIPmr_mG01g4VQjPqEGgO3ox6FE6zU24aTcZREJu3mddwGcifGqKZIapz.WlQUTiFx5Ni3LAm6wCKtY2fznQqPAkSuswIITyaKwp.bX0Fk_pe3dPczaiqw8GQCluqPMwtmmTW2sC9WfrSUmG1t2mloQhwUFVqrosuxP6rlVtLuCF_.KhCAn9yv4f7o9mJt9z6g5_fZnuMrkhzbCMMPlwKcXXyNh.chymS.aisYVcVIYjtM.WEL7K3wiVJppIq2Ad5KC1QqPCVj_7CONFXlQ91pKVgVh7Kc6niKOiqBkGfu.EA6BCEL613g6Fr9KqcQREyUdDKQQfSp1DmyQi0fgGRXOSJCwpqjQNHEM.rGz0SG1tvQ6YrJSqAAwFhvunMDvlAEf7IlDCSXW.XeuYpi.iyv0fQdk6Wtu5tC3o",mdrd: "R._KJEw03nskZtbd0_IpbjheT_JfgQkV5CHGzQvI6Io-1739802618-1.2.1.1-1gALpj8ZHv5h80D35WQXDGUvU7Mc9uDCeIpegDLKFlFAqwEJE3iLVOCZ0SlUsUO8vSGKpste.gUzZ6WxUgTZb3U2UB8CDFEz48FYM3vvdN6dKHfl__ehBGU_.a9ilxLmi6wfGlDTIu12HAodyiSlEy5WiQ7Av6ajqt74CaedE1SSuwIHum7rqrmAiqUBLTKIQizrCkVVrJCFxRgJGPGqsSKuUmdi46D10BUM5bTA_CnlWQx6bN._ysBi8ZmISfEiRZdWGF8YZ1hlsc_fcrC3FbMxLP3_Lwjnkc4FFN4Hp2HxBgv6uqDYBnbYU.5SfwMmH7sCWPA0ZhC_evrBfShwVyFB8fJiYe0g24eTlty2Iqhf8WomwYuhoECXXNLO0_HamGKMeMpkAqk1v64i_eIc97Sw86V7LMWNDbh_39TjX3l8eccwT6B_ogDbwXq0S.Kp9IpZs9T6Y94iTpP4Igr90leMAzIOylFJgGCx3Kth.ftBbNOpVRIiwblSKVtfneK2BnFxfnq95d_mdANLIPh_cWSmuna_bwGXwIfU0B1O6HECCLDgpQelrMHlgs.aNVN.hSnoYBGihg1RkgR1mBYaU1NY94.MaiG7gNnuDDKt622Kbil.zT0UvF5ZTMKZ.VsZOMGh9Cgcm6NnyXsIBevGVmLdRGlRrNFv4eCq30sPbetlABmBupGsS0.q31gXkSUnzJukhBPwvngcsDnJPMciJmXBHvdVAKi0X4HprOQPn5VTOyCF.0_GIkz3hVolWdUvC16WKYB.IWyhTdXEoVZeOQq_7HzTuQti77Ahr884p74lQyoMl4vQxLxhEJLfT4mOWRd_DwupTRf9AKWCnwSKIPFmKx1zs33hqktGnTejr5onRkzmG8ZXsB_sQA25Su9S96fBbHdE13gCkUylWv1Rb77.dCAhnZwWS_.pwStgEvUM0vwnW0jnAHjxvkMeykF56VRNsz4i6WOEwNGBgZuuVAD1YbOHD1p9jHQgRZvhJ8rItCMEKfmGqNg9csvVCTlOtKIBNNGgR5UV3UxdgC_VSHJamAe4pChF_bvLWc_A37jplCSAogoEFvG4sRKtOu1QMZKMpmX3QPrQ2dYy119WDeOLjXj0_BfqpL2yPraRVb1NbzNbfSl8FS.xaiDxu5pt3.vaiKAJRWOVwhBvRb_SH92ci.vFaPYips1N0JDdOwaPX4WW3tRuWunjY5DUp9mo.ZxRY2SGkEE7ZmfXDTSbMiB1F.XYMb263WHZO9uSV8x68iPokqScE.L._efs9jqn7nlP_3SoIRTkiasT452m8e7dtn3Ju1._EU0PJHev6fR1gRxNPHiCJztas.jMNxK7XZK8kxoWRwZzgIHWZbOp9qd.xD9D5F1_rldPTi.hhw1GJyIkwdSVZL.YM03ZH1GcVPKhZjV2Fw8.tFKzPlifYL7rrnq1kJCJfd.vRAHfnWQOrvVydsVNF_0iq.dYWqmcIzydcnLAtH8uHQ1xFFENBoljqIHzwGvOt_l9JWKGYYAgsGUms3Tnf39m41nJPp3hgUYUeZP0jiql95eYH7AB3F8MKJdT73Hmq.K9UwUWbUSLKm5J6YxF3_vCLXgsMfSaxD5kQ7Y63EG10UZi8svzq28kSb7i0MyQXZbI2rmqXvtJCmfH61EqHfrUYq0bknSA2IB1Dywtjik.0FAPMbCumDn9JgcwEy1vLglsDqe6BNuC6kyARuzFMfUJyUhoCTjwlcs3Ziatl9GGAhd0OOJMuNmNGDvwWJ6R4KbwTKlJ0PZLrnkVyupnX4NaRTqH56jOAWSEEBlbHqjO9YgRN6UEts.Iy1rCA3glTa2eNGY2zESqjK26ozcK01PcNiAeMIejpYdi6I.YvLmcr_ykGY5NQ6M3JLZjDgT4eAbC6YD0mGiwI4K3_o7XnyEk_ar1LI.gI_u8w_1U8fuza8rpgk30NqWY3ZYTJ6BtAP2YINZ5Anlwhc7EWEGhQLfOAH8O.4..BPZwLlkslevz3gJDduS_Qw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136797dbe8d81f2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=transition%20zone&__cf_chl_rt_tk=z9v6Ai8m8SaqkTTRbruoB8Bmvc_8c5Iu6Ax7H6rFuS4-1739802618-1.0.1.1-C8FHs1W0aNs1CqxZeB8cQ9HjHwOxrMiLtX49B6fc4eo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>