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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span style="display:none" data-parsoid="{"stx":"html"}"><span class="geo" data-parsoid="{"stx":"html"}"><abbr class="latitude" data-parsoid="{"stx":"html"}">62</abbr><abbr class="longitude" data-parsoid="{"stx":"html"}">100</abbr></span></span><span title="Click for a full screen dynamic map..." data-parsoid="{"stx":"html"}"><span typeof="mw:File" data-parsoid="{"optList":[{"ck":"width","ak":"25px"},{"ck":"link","ak":"link=//wikivoyage.toolforge.org/w/poimap2.php?lat=62&lon=100&zoom=3&layer=W&lang=en&name=Eastern_Europe"},{"ck":"alt","ak":"alt=Full screen dynamic map"}]}"><a href="//wikivoyage.toolforge.org/w/poimap2.php?lat=62&lon=100&zoom=3&layer=W&lang=en&name=Eastern_Europe" data-parsoid="{}"><img alt="Full screen dynamic map" resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Map_mag.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Map_mag.png/25px-Map_mag.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" data-file-type="bitmap" height="25" width="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Map_mag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Map_mag.png 2x" class="mw-file-element" data-parsoid="{"a":{"resource":"./File:Map_mag.png","height":"25","width":"25"},"sa":{"resource":"File:Map mag.png"}}"></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-parsoid" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="mw-parsoid-icon notheme mw-no-invert" title="Rendered with Parsoid"></div></div></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikivoyage</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="ext-geocrumbs-breadcrumbs"><bdi><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></bdi> > <bdi>Eastern Europe</bdi></span><br /> <div class="ext-wpb-pagebanner"> <div id="firstHeading" class="wpb-banner-image-panorama wpb-topbanner"> <h1 class="wpb-name">Eastern Europe</h1> <a class="image" dir="ltr" title="Strusta Lake, Belarus" href="/wiki/File:Strusta_Lake_banner.jpg"> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Strusta_Lake_banner.jpg" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Strusta_Lake_banner.jpg/640px-Strusta_Lake_banner.jpg 640w,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Strusta_Lake_banner.jpg/1280px-Strusta_Lake_banner.jpg 1280w,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Strusta_Lake_banner.jpg 2560w" class="wpb-banner-image"> </a> </div> <div class="wpb-topbanner-toc"> <div class="wpb-banner-toc"> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox webfonts-changed" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2> <span class="toctogglespan"> <label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </span> </div> <ul lang="en" dir="ltr"> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"> <a href="#Countries_and_territories"> <span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Countries and territories</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"> <a href="#Cities"> <span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Cities</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"> <a href="#Other_destinations"> <span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Other destinations</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"> <a href="#Understand"> <span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Understand</span> </a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4.1"> <a href="#History"> <span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"> <a href="#Talk"> <span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Talk</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"> <a href="#Get_in"> <span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Get in</span> </a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6.1"> <a href="#By_plane"> <span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">By plane</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6.2"> <a href="#By_train"> <span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">By train</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"> <a href="#Get_around"> <span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Get around</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"> <a href="#See"> <span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"> <a href="#Do"> <span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Do</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"> <a href="#Eat"> <span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Eat</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"> <a href="#Drink"> <span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Drink</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"> <a href="#Stay_safe"> <span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Stay safe</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"> <a href="#Go_next"> <span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Go next</span> </a> <ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.21.0.0-alpha7" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0"><section data-mw-section-id="0" id="mwAQ"><p id="mwAg"><span class="countryData" data-country-calling-code="" data-local-dialing-code="" data-currency="" style="display:none;" about="#mwt1" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwAw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"pagebanner","href":"./Template:Pagebanner"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Strusta Lake banner.jpg"},"caption":{"wt":"Strusta Lake, Belarus"}},"i":0}}]}'></span><meta typeof="mw:Extension/indicator" about="#mwt1" id="mwBA" data-mw='{"name":"indicator","attrs":{"name":"GPX"},"body":{"extsrc":"[[File:GPX Document rev3-20x20.png|20px|link=https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikivoyage/w/poi2gpx.php?print=gpx&lang={{CONTENTLANG}}&name={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|Download GPX file for this article]]"},"html":"<span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-parsoid='{\"optList\":[{\"ck\":\"width\",\"ak\":\"20px\"},{\"ck\":\"link\",\"ak\":\"link=https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikivoyage/w/poi2gpx.php?print=gpx&amp;lang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;name={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}\"},{\"ck\":\"caption\",\"ak\":\"Download GPX file for this article\"}]}' data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Download GPX file for this article\"}'><a href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikivoyage/w/poi2gpx.php?print=gpx&amp;lang=en&amp;name=Eastern_Europe\" title=\"Download GPX file for this article\" data-parsoid=\"{}\"><img alt=\"Download GPX file for this article\" resource=\"./File:GPX_Document_rev3-20x20.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/GPX_Document_rev3-20x20.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-parsoid='{\"a\":{\"resource\":\"./File:GPX_Document_rev3-20x20.png\",\"height\":\"20\",\"width\":\"20\"},\"sa\":{\"resource\":\"File:GPX Document rev3-20x20.png\"}}'/></a></span>"}'/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_custom_banner" about="#mwt1" id="mwBQ"/></p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4916060" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt6" id="mwBg" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Warningbox/styles.css"},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"warningbox","href":"./Template:Warningbox"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and civil unrest, many governments '''advise against travelling''' to Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, and the disputed territories in the region. See also [[war zone safety]].\n"},"lastedit":{"wt":"2023-12-10"}},"i":0}}]}'></style><div style="display: table; background-color: #fff3f3; color: #333; border: 1px solid #a00; margin: 0.5em 1em 0 1em; padding: 6px; " class="pp_warningbox skin-nightmode-reset-color" about="#mwt6"> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="width: 56px;" rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File" data-mw='{"caption":"Travel Warning"}'><span title="Travel Warning"><img alt="Travel Warning" resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Ambox_warning_red.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ambox_warning_pn.svg/50px-Ambox_warning_pn.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="445" data-file-type="drawing" height="43" width="50" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ambox_warning_pn.svg/75px-Ambox_warning_pn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ambox_warning_pn.svg/100px-Ambox_warning_pn.svg.png 2x" class="mw-file-element"/></span></span></td> <td><span class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 130%; color: #a00"><b>WARNING:</b></span> Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and civil unrest, many governments <b>advise against travelling</b> to Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, and the disputed territories in the region. See also <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/War_zone_safety" title="War zone safety">war zone safety</a>.</td></tr> <tr> <td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="color:#4F4F4F; font-size: 85%"><i>(Information last updated 10 Dec 2023)</i></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_warning_box" about="#mwt6"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_warning_box_with_out_of_date_warning" about="#mwt6" id="mwBw"/> <p id="mwCA">The term <b id="mwCQ">Eastern Europe</b> can defined in several different ways; see <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="#Understand" class="mw-selflink-fragment" id="mwCg">the understand section</a> below for discussion. This article uses a fairly narrow definition, covering only <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus" id="mwCw">Belarus</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia" id="mwDA">Russia</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine" id="mwDQ">Ukraine</a>.</p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" id="mwDg" data-mw='{"autoGenerated":true}'/></section><section data-mw-section-id="1" id="mwDw"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAA"><h2 id="Countries_and_territories">Countries and territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAQI"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAQM">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Countries and territories" id="mwAQQ"><span id="mwAQU">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAQY">]</span></span></div> <div id="region_list" about="#mwt9" typeof="mw:Transclusion" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"regionlist\n","href":"./Template:Regionlist"},"params":{"regionmap":{"wt":"Eastern Europe Wikivoyage map.png"},"regionInteractiveMap":{"wt":"map1"},"regionmapLat":{"wt":"54"},"regionmapLong":{"wt":"37"},"regionmapZoom":{"wt":"4"},"region1name":{"wt":"[[Belarus]]"},"region1color":{"wt":"#d09440"},"region1items":{"wt":""},"region1description":{"wt":"Sometimes called \"Europe's last dictatorship\", Belarus is the largest remaining Soviet-style country in the world."},"region3name":{"wt":"[[Russia]]"},"region3color":{"wt":"#ff8080"},"region3items":{"wt":""},"region3description":{"wt":"The world's largest country, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean."},"region5name":{"wt":"[[Ukraine]]"},"region5color":{"wt":"#ffff80"},"region5items":{"wt":""},"region5description":{"wt":"Europe's most fertile soil, with mighty rivers."},"region6name":{"wt":"[[Crimea]]"},"region6color":{"wt":"#ffd5d5ff"},"region6items":{"wt":""},"region6description":{"wt":"A peninsula in the Black Sea, part of Ukraine until 2014 and still claimed by them, but since then a ''de facto'' part of Russia."},"region7name":{"wt":"[[Donbas]]"},"region7color":{"wt":"#ffcc00ff"},"region7items":{"wt":"[[Donetsk Oblast]], [[Luhansk Oblast]]"},"region7description":{"wt":"Regions in eastern Ukraine, partly controlled by Russian-backed separatists from 2014 until the Russian invasion of 2022. More or less a war zone as of 2024."}},"i":0}}]}'><div class="mw-collapsible nomobile" id="mw-customcollapsible-map1-static"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png/350px-Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="1990" data-file-height="2373" data-file-type="bitmap" height="417" width="350" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png/525px-Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png/700px-Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png 2x" class="mw-file-element"/></a><figcaption>Eastern Europe regions - Color-coded map — <span class="mw-customtoggle-map1-static mw-customtoggle-map1-interactive" style="color: #0645ad;"><b>switch to interactive map</b></span></figcaption></figure></div><div style="display: none" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile" id="mw-customcollapsible-map1-interactive"> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright" typeof="mw:Extension/mapframe" about="#mwt13" id="mwEA" data-mw='{"name":"mapframe","attrs":{"align":"right","height":"420","image":"","latitude":"54","longitude":"37","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,event,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view,black,blue,brown,chocolate,forestgreen,gold,gray,grey,lime,magenta,maroon,mediumaquamarine,navy,red,royalblue,orange,silver,steelblue,teal,fuchsia,route1,route2,route3,route4,route5","text":"<div class=\"magnify\" title=\"Enlarge map\"><maplink class=\"no-icon\" image=\"\" latitude=\"54\" longitude=\"37\" show=\"mask,around,buy,city,do,event,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view,black,blue,brown,chocolate,forestgreen,gold,gray,grey,lime,magenta,maroon,mediumaquamarine,navy,red,royalblue,orange,silver,steelblue,teal,fuchsia,route1,route2,route3,route4,route5\" title=\"\" url=\"\" zoom=\"5\"></maplink></div>Eastern Europe regions - Color-coded map — <span class=\"mw-customtoggle-map1-static mw-customtoggle-map1-interactive\" style=\"color: #0645ad;\">'''switch to static map'''</span>","title":"","url":"","width":"352","zoom":"4"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 352px;" id="mwEQ"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 352px; height: 420px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="352" data-height="420" data-zoom="4" data-lat="54" data-lon="37" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","event","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view","black","blue","brown","chocolate","forestgreen","gold","gray","grey","lime","magenta","maroon","mediumaquamarine","navy","red","royalblue","orange","silver","steelblue","teal","fuchsia","route1","route2","route3","route4","route5"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/54/37/en" id="mwEg"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,54,37,352x420.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikivoyage.org&title=Eastern_Europe&revid=4974359&groups=mask%2Caround%2Cbuy%2Ccity%2Cdo%2Cevent%2Cdrink%2Ceat%2Cgo%2Clisting%2Cother%2Csee%2Csleep%2Cvicinity%2Cview%2Cblack%2Cblue%2Cbrown%2Cchocolate%2Cforestgreen%2Cgold%2Cgray%2Cgrey%2Clime%2Cmagenta%2Cmaroon%2Cmediumaquamarine%2Cnavy%2Cred%2Croyalblue%2Corange%2Csilver%2Csteelblue%2Cteal%2Cfuchsia%2Croute1%2Croute2%2Croute3%2Croute4%2Croute5" width="352" height="420" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,54,37,352x420@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikivoyage.org&title=Eastern_Europe&revid=4974359&groups=mask%2Caround%2Cbuy%2Ccity%2Cdo%2Cevent%2Cdrink%2Ceat%2Cgo%2Clisting%2Cother%2Csee%2Csleep%2Cvicinity%2Cview%2Cblack%2Cblue%2Cbrown%2Cchocolate%2Cforestgreen%2Cgold%2Cgray%2Cgrey%2Clime%2Cmagenta%2Cmaroon%2Cmediumaquamarine%2Cnavy%2Cred%2Croyalblue%2Corange%2Csilver%2Csteelblue%2Cteal%2Cfuchsia%2Croute1%2Croute2%2Croute3%2Croute4%2Croute5 2x" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs" id="mwEw" alt="Map" data-mw-i18n='{"alt":{"lang":"x-page","key":"kartographer-static-mapframe-alt","params":[]}}'/></a><div class="thumbcaption" id="mwFA"><div class="magnify" title="Enlarge map" id="mwFQ"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/54/37/en" data-zoom="5" data-lat="54" data-lon="37" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","event","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view","black","blue","brown","chocolate","forestgreen","gold","gray","grey","lime","magenta","maroon","mediumaquamarine","navy","red","royalblue","orange","silver","steelblue","teal","fuchsia","route1","route2","route3","route4","route5"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt12" id="mwFg" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"class":"no-icon","image":"","latitude":"54","longitude":"37","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,event,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view,black,blue,brown,chocolate,forestgreen,gold,gray,grey,lime,magenta,maroon,mediumaquamarine,navy,red,royalblue,orange,silver,steelblue,teal,fuchsia,route1,route2,route3,route4,route5","title":"","url":"","zoom":"5"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'><span typeof="mw:I18n" id="mwFw" data-mw-i18n='{"/":{"lang":"x-page","key":"kartographer-coord-lat-pos-lon-pos","params":[54,0,0,37,0,0]}}'>54°0′0″N 37°0′0″E</span></a></div>Eastern Europe regions - Color-coded map — <span class="mw-customtoggle-map1-static mw-customtoggle-map1-interactive" style="color: #0645ad;" id="mwGA"><b id="mwGQ">switch to static map</b></span></div></div></div><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_mapframe"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Maps_with_non-default_alignment"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Maps_with_non-default_size"/></div><div class="mf-mobile-only"><span style="float: right; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png/350px-Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="1990" data-file-height="2373" data-file-type="bitmap" height="417" width="350" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png/525px-Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png/700px-Eastern_Europe_Wikivoyage_map.png 2x" class="mw-file-element"/></a><figcaption>Eastern Europe regions - Color-coded map</figcaption></figure></span></div> <table style="border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:32px;background-color:#d09440;color:inhert;"><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span></td><td><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></b> <br/>Sometimes called "Europe's last dictatorship", Belarus is the largest remaining Soviet-style country in the world.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:32px;background-color:#ff8080;color:inhert;"><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span></td><td><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></b> <br/>The world's largest country, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:32px;background-color:#ffff80;color:inhert;"><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span></td><td><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></b> <br/>Europe's most fertile soil, with mighty rivers.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:32px;background-color:#ffd5d5ff;color:inhert;"><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span></td><td><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></b> <br/>A peninsula in the Black Sea, part of Ukraine until 2014 and still claimed by them, but since then a <i>de facto</i> part of Russia.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:32px;background-color:#ffcc00ff;color:inhert;"><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span></td><td><b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a></b> (<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast" title="Luhansk Oblast">Luhansk Oblast</a>)<br/>Regions in eastern Ukraine, partly controlled by Russian-backed separatists from 2014 until the Russian invasion of 2022. More or less a war zone as of 2024.</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4916057" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt14" id="mwGg" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Disclaimerbox/styles.css"},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"disclaimerbox","href":"./Template:Disclaimerbox"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Nominal and ''de facto'' political status of the disputed territories in Eastern Europe are controversial. This article intends to describe the practical situation for visitors, and is not an endorsement of any point of view in the conflict."}},"i":0}}]}'>.mw-parser-output .disclaimer_box{width:95%;border:none;margin:0.5em 0 0 1em;padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .disclaimer_box td{text-align:left;width:100%;background-color:#f3fff3;color:#333;border:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .disclaimer_box td{background-color:inherit;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .disclaimer_box td{background-color:inherit;color:inherit}}</style><div class="disclaimer_box skin-nightmode-reset-color" about="#mwt14" id="mwGw"> <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" border="0"> <tbody><tr><td> <p>Nominal and <i>de facto</i> political status of the disputed territories in Eastern Europe are controversial. This article intends to describe the practical situation for visitors, and is not an endorsement of any point of view in the conflict.</p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p id="mwHA">Although part of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan" id="mwHQ">Kazakhstan</a> is west of the Ural River and thus in Europe, the country is mainly in <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia" id="mwHg">Central Asia</a> and covered as part of that region.</p> <p id="mwHw">For the south-easternmost part of Europe, see <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus" id="mwIA">Caucasus</a>.</p> <p id="mwIQ"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" data-overlays='["mask"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt17" id="mwIg" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"text":"","group":"mask","class":"no-icon"},"body":{"extsrc":"\n{\n \"type\": \"ExternalData\",\n \"service\": \"geoshape\",\n \"ids\": \"Q184\",\n \"title\": \"\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"fill\": \"#d09440\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5,\n \"stroke\": \"#000000\",\n \"stroke-width\": 1,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"title\": \"[[Belarus]]\"\n }\n}\n"},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mapshape","href":"./Template:Mapshape"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"geoshape"},"fill":{"wt":"#d09440"},"title":{"wt":"[[Belarus]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q184"}},"i":0}}]}'></a> <a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" data-overlays='["mask"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt20" id="mwIw" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"text":"","group":"mask","class":"no-icon"},"body":{"extsrc":"\n{\n \"type\": \"ExternalData\",\n \"service\": \"geoshape\",\n \"ids\": \"Q159\",\n \"title\": \"\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"fill\": \"#ff8080\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5,\n \"stroke\": \"#000000\",\n \"stroke-width\": 1,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"title\": \"[[Russia]]\"\n }\n}\n"},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mapshape","href":"./Template:Mapshape"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"geoshape"},"fill":{"wt":"#ff8080"},"title":{"wt":"[[Russia]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q159"}},"i":0}}]}'></a> <a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" data-overlays='["mask"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt23" id="mwJA" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"text":"","group":"mask","class":"no-icon"},"body":{"extsrc":"\n{\n \"type\": \"ExternalData\",\n \"service\": \"geoshape\",\n \"ids\": \"Q212\",\n \"title\": \"\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"fill\": \"#ffff80\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5,\n \"stroke\": \"#000000\",\n \"stroke-width\": 1,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"title\": \"[[Ukraine]]\"\n }\n}\n"},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mapshape","href":"./Template:Mapshape"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"geoshape"},"fill":{"wt":"#ffff80"},"title":{"wt":"[[Ukraine]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q212"}},"i":0}}]}'></a></p> </section><section data-mw-section-id="2" id="mwJQ"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAQc"><h2 id="Cities">Cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAQg"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAQk">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cities" id="mwAQo"><span id="mwAQs">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAQw">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb" id="mwJg"><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:2018_-_Комплекс_Києво-Печерської_лаври.jpg" class="mw-file-description" id="mwJw"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:2018_-_Комплекс_Києво-Печерської_лаври.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2018_-_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/220px-2018_-_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" data-file-width="4415" data-file-height="3000" data-file-type="bitmap" height="149" width="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2018_-_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/330px-2018_-_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2018_-_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/440px-2018_-_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg 2x" class="mw-file-element" id="mwKA"/></a><figcaption id="mwKQ">Historic Eastern Orthodox Christian monastery Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra</figcaption></figure> <ul id="mwKg"><li id="mwKw"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt26" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwLA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Kazan]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q900"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">55.790833</abbr><abbr class="longitude">49.114444</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/55.790833/49.114444/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="55.790833" data-lon="49.114444" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt28" id="mwLQ" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:KAZ Collage 2015.png|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"55.790833","longitude":"49.114444","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[49.114444,55.790833],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Kazan]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:KAZ Collage 2015.png|300px]]\"}}"}}'>1</a></span> <span id="Kazan" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q900" about="#mwt26"></span> — the capital of Tatar culture is an attractive city in the heart of the Volga Region with an impressive kremlin</li> <li id="mwLg"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt29" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwLw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Kyiv]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q1899"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">50.45</abbr><abbr class="longitude">30.523611</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/50.45/30.523611/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="50.45" data-lon="30.523611" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt31" id="mwMA" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Kyiv (234807751).jpeg|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"50.45","longitude":"30.523611","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[30.523611,50.45],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Kyiv]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:Kyiv (234807751).jpeg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>2</a></span> <span id="Kyiv" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q1899" about="#mwt29"></span> (Kiev) — Ukraine's capital with heritage from the Viking Age</li> <li id="mwMQ"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt32" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwMg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Minsk]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q2280"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">53.902246</abbr><abbr class="longitude">27.561837</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/53.902246/27.561837/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="53.902246" data-lon="27.561837" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt34" id="mwMw" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Мінск. Сквер па плошчы Незалежнасці.jpg|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"53.902246","longitude":"27.561837","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[27.561837,53.902246],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Minsk]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:Мінск. Сквер па плошчы Незалежнасці.jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>3</a></span> <span id="Minsk" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q2280" about="#mwt32"></span> — capital of Belarus</li> <li id="mwNA"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwNQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Moscow]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q649"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">55.750556</abbr><abbr class="longitude">37.6175</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/55.750556/37.6175/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="55.750556" data-lon="37.6175" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt37" id="mwNg" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:ISS-38 Nighttime image of Moscow, Russia.jpg|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"55.750556","longitude":"37.6175","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[37.6175,55.750556],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Moscow]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:ISS-38 Nighttime image of Moscow, Russia.jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>4</a></span> <span id="Moscow" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q649" about="#mwt35"></span> — the heart and brain of the largest country on Earth, Moscow has the heritage of both the tsars and the Soviets and all the other current or former occupants of the Kremlin</li> <li id="mwNw"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt38" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwOA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Odesa]]"},"lat":{"wt":"46.485722"},"long":{"wt":"30.743444"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q1874"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">46.485722</abbr><abbr class="longitude">30.743444</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/46.485722/30.743444/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="46.485722" data-lon="30.743444" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt40" id="mwOQ" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Odesa-Montage-2016.png|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"46.485722","longitude":"30.743444","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[30.743444,46.485722],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Odesa]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:Odesa-Montage-2016.png|300px]]\"}}"}}'>5</a></span> <span id="Odesa" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q1874" about="#mwt38"></span> — a harbour city on the Black Sea with a mixture of different cultures.</li> <li id="mwOg"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt41" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwOw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Saint Petersburg]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q656"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">59.95</abbr><abbr class="longitude">30.316667</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/59.95/30.316667/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="59.95" data-lon="30.316667" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt43" id="mwPA" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Peter & Paul fortress in SPB 03.jpg|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"59.95","longitude":"30.316667","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[30.316667,59.95],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Saint Petersburg]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:Peter & Paul fortress in SPB 03.jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>6</a></span> <span id="Saint_Petersburg" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q656" about="#mwt41"></span> — Russia's gateway to the West</li> <li id="mwPQ"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt44" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwPg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Sevastopol]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q7525"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">44.605</abbr><abbr class="longitude">33.5225</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/44.605/33.5225/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="44.605" data-lon="33.5225" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt46" id="mwPw" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Sevastopol Collage 2015.png|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"44.605","longitude":"33.5225","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[33.5225,44.605],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Sevastopol]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:Sevastopol Collage 2015.png|300px]]\"}}"}}'>7</a></span> <span id="Sevastopol" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q7525" about="#mwt44"></span> — a port city on the Crimea</li> <li id="mwQA"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwQQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Sochi]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q39420"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">43.585278</abbr><abbr class="longitude">39.720278</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/43.585278/39.720278/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="43.585278" data-lon="39.720278" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt49" id="mwQg" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Сочи-коллаж1.jpg|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"43.585278","longitude":"39.720278","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[39.720278,43.585278],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Sochi]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:Сочи-коллаж1.jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>8</a></span> <span id="Sochi" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q39420" about="#mwt47"></span> — a city on the Black Sea which hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics</li> <li id="mwQw"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt50" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwRA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"type":{"wt":"city"},"name":{"wt":"[[Volgograd]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q914"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">48.708611</abbr><abbr class="longitude">44.514722</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/48.708611/44.514722/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="48.708611" data-lon="44.514722" style="background: #0000FF;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt52" id="mwRQ" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Volgograd Montage 2016.png|300px]]","group":"city","latitude":"48.708611","longitude":"44.514722","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[44.514722,48.708611],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Volgograd]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-city\",\"marker-color\":\"0000FF\",\"description\":\"[[File:Volgograd Montage 2016.png|300px]]\"}}"}}'>9</a></span> <span id="Volgograd" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q914" about="#mwt50"></span> — formerly called Stalingrad, this city was the scene of perhaps the deciding battle of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/World_War_II_in_Europe" title="World War II in Europe" id="mwRg">World War II</a>, and now home to a <i id="mwRw">massive</i> war memorial</li></ul> </section><section data-mw-section-id="3" id="mwSA"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAQ0"><h2 id="Other_destinations">Other destinations</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAQ4"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAQ8">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other destinations" id="mwARA"><span id="mwARE">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwARI">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb" id="mwSQ"><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Kizhi_KavgorChapel_007_7106.jpg" class="mw-file-description" id="mwSg"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Kizhi_KavgorChapel_007_7106.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kizhi_KavgorChapel_007_7106.jpg/220px-Kizhi_KavgorChapel_007_7106.jpg" decoding="async" data-file-width="9255" data-file-height="5811" data-file-type="bitmap" height="138" width="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kizhi_KavgorChapel_007_7106.jpg/330px-Kizhi_KavgorChapel_007_7106.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kizhi_KavgorChapel_007_7106.jpg/440px-Kizhi_KavgorChapel_007_7106.jpg 2x" class="mw-file-element" id="mwSw"/></a><figcaption id="mwTA">Chasovnya Trokh Svyatiteley wooden church on Kizhi island</figcaption></figure> <ul id="mwTQ"><li id="mwTg"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt53" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwTw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Yekaterinburg#Go next|Border of Europe and Asia]]"},"lat":{"wt":"56.8321134"},"long":{"wt":"60.3484174"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">56.832113</abbr><abbr class="longitude">60.348417</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/56.832113/60.348417/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="56.832113" data-lon="60.348417" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt55" id="mwUA" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"","group":"listing","latitude":"56.832113","longitude":"60.348417","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[60.348417,56.832113],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Yekaterinburg#Go next|Border of Europe and Asia]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"\"}}"}}'>1</a></span> <span id="Border_of_Europe_and_Asia" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Yekaterinburg#Go_next" title="Yekaterinburg">Border of Europe and Asia</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span> — it's clearly defined near <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg" id="mwUQ">Yekaterinburg</a>, and a very popular stop for photo ops straddling the continents!</li> <li id="mwUg"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt56" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwUw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Golden Ring]]"},"lat":{"wt":"56.80"},"long":{"wt":"39.79"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q61973"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">56.8</abbr><abbr class="longitude">39.79</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/56.8/39.79/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="56.8" data-lon="39.79" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt58" id="mwVA" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Golden Ring of Russia (Coat of Arms Ring).png|300px]]","group":"listing","latitude":"56.8","longitude":"39.79","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[39.79,56.8],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Golden Ring]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"[[File:Golden Ring of Russia (Coat of Arms Ring).png|300px]]\"}}"}}'>2</a></span> <span id="Golden_Ring" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Golden_Ring" title="Golden Ring">Golden Ring</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q61973" about="#mwt56"></span> — a loop of pretty historical cities and towns forming a ring northeast of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow" id="mwVQ">Moscow</a></li> <li id="mwVg"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt59" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwVw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Kizhi]]"},"lat":{"wt":"62.066667"},"long":{"wt":"35.225"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q205244"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">62.066667</abbr><abbr class="longitude">35.225</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/62.066667/35.225/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="62.066667" data-lon="35.225" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt61" id="mwWA" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Церковь Преображения Господня на острове Кижи вид с вертолёта.jpg|300px]]","group":"listing","latitude":"62.066667","longitude":"35.225","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[35.225,62.066667],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Kizhi]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"[[File:Церковь Преображения Господня на острове Кижи вид с вертолёта.jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>3</a></span> <span id="Kizhi" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kizhi" title="Kizhi">Kizhi</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q205244" about="#mwt59"></span> — one of the most precious sites in all Russia, Kizhi Island on Lake Onega is famous for its spectacular ensemble of traditional wooden churches, a <span typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:File" about="#mwt62" id="mwWQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"unesco","href":"./Template:Unesco"},"params":{},"i":0}}]}'><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" title="UNESCO World Heritage List"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/15px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="280" data-file-type="drawing" height="15" width="15" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/23px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/30px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png 2x" class="mw-file-element"/></a></span><span about="#mwt62"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" title="UNESCO World Heritage List" about="#mwt62" id="mwWg">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</li> <li id="mwWw"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt63" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwXA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Komi Republic#Other destinations|Komi Virgin Forests]]"},"lat":{"wt":"65.07"},"long":{"wt":"60.15"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">65.07</abbr><abbr class="longitude">60.15</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/65.07/60.15/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="65.07" data-lon="60.15" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt65" id="mwXQ" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"","group":"listing","latitude":"65.07","longitude":"60.15","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[60.15,65.07],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Komi Republic#Other destinations|Komi Virgin Forests]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"\"}}"}}'>4</a></span> <span id="Komi_Virgin_Forests" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Komi_Republic#Other_destinations" title="Komi Republic">Komi Virgin Forests</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span> — profoundly remote, and hard-to-visit, but this is by far Europe's largest wild area, containing Europe's largest National Park, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Yugyd_Va_National_Park" title="Yugyd Va National Park" id="mwXg">Yugyd Va</a></li> <li id="mwXw"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt66" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwYA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Pushkinskiye Gory]]"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q3743663"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">57.016667</abbr><abbr class="longitude">28.916667</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/57.016667/28.916667/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="57.016667" data-lon="28.916667" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt68" id="mwYQ" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Пушкинские Горы Валунный амбар 2.jpg|300px]]","group":"listing","latitude":"57.016667","longitude":"28.916667","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[28.916667,57.016667],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Pushkinskiye Gory]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"[[File:Пушкинские Горы Валунный амбар 2.jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>5</a></span> <span id="Pushkinskiye_Gory" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Pushkinskiye_Gory" title="Pushkinskiye Gory">Pushkinskiye Gory</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q3743663" about="#mwt66"></span> — the estate and museum of Alexander Pushkin, a world-known Russian poet.</li> <li id="mwYg"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt69" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwYw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Chernobyl]]"},"lat":{"wt":"51.272222"},"long":{"wt":"30.224167"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q129677"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">51.272222</abbr><abbr class="longitude">30.224167</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/51.272222/30.224167/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="51.272222" data-lon="30.224167" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt71" id="mwZA" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Administrative center, Radiation Control (11383715816).jpg|300px]]","group":"listing","latitude":"51.272222","longitude":"30.224167","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[30.224167,51.272222],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Chernobyl]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"[[File:Administrative center, Radiation Control (11383715816).jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>6</a></span> <span id="Chernobyl" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chernobyl" title="Chernobyl">Chernobyl</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q129677" about="#mwt69"></span> — tour the site of the infamous 1986 nuclear disaster</li> <li id="mwZQ"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt72" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwZg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region]]"},"lat":{"wt":"49.347736"},"long":{"wt":"23.499667"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">49.347736</abbr><abbr class="longitude">23.499667</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/49.347736/23.499667/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="49.347736" data-lon="23.499667" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt74" id="mwZw" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"","group":"listing","latitude":"49.347736","longitude":"23.499667","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[23.499667,49.347736],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"\"}}"}}'>7</a></span> <span id="Wooden_tserkvas_of_the_Carpathian_region" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wooden_tserkvas_of_the_Carpathian_region" title="Wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region">Wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span> — Orthodox churches,<span typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:File" about="#mwt75" id="mwaA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"unesco","href":"./Template:Unesco"},"params":{},"i":0}}]}'><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" title="UNESCO World Heritage List"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/15px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="280" data-file-type="drawing" height="15" width="15" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/23px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/30px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png 2x" class="mw-file-element"/></a></span><span about="#mwt75"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" title="UNESCO World Heritage List" about="#mwt75" id="mwaQ">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></li> <li id="mwag"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt76" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwaw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker ","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park]]"},"lat":{"wt":"52.7228852"},"long":{"wt":"23.6555674"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q13469680"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">52.722885</abbr><abbr class="longitude">23.655567</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/52.722885/23.655567/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="52.722885" data-lon="23.655567" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt78" id="mwbA" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Тропинка в Беловежской пуще.jpg|300px]]","group":"listing","latitude":"52.722885","longitude":"23.655567","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[23.655567,52.722885],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"[[File:Тропинка в Беловежской пуще.jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>8</a></span> <span id="Belovezhskaya_Pushcha_National_Park" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Belovezhskaya_Pushcha_National_Park" title="Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park">Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q13469680" about="#mwt76"></span> — on the border between <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus" id="mwbQ">Belarus</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland" id="mwbg">Poland</a>, this primeval forest is a <span typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:File" about="#mwt79" id="mwbw" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"UNESCO","href":"./Template:UNESCO"},"params":{},"i":0}}]}'><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" title="UNESCO World Heritage List"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/15px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="280" data-file-type="drawing" height="15" width="15" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/23px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg/30px-WV-Unesco-icon-small.svg.png 2x" class="mw-file-element"/></a></span><span about="#mwt79"> </span><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" title="UNESCO World Heritage List" about="#mwt79" id="mwcA">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></li> <li id="mwcQ"><span class="vcard" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwcg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"marker","href":"./Template:Marker"},"params":{"name":{"wt":"[[Uman]]"},"lat":{"wt":"48.75"},"long":{"wt":"30.2166"},"wikidata":{"wt":"Q208499"}},"i":0}}]}'><span class="noprint listing-coordinates" style="display:none"><span class="geo"><abbr class="latitude">48.75</abbr><abbr class="longitude">30.2166</abbr></span></span><span title="See this element on the map"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink mw-kartographer-autostyled" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/48.75/30.2166/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="48.75" data-lon="30.2166" style="background: #258825;" data-overlays='["mask","around","buy","city","do","drink","eat","go","listing","other","see","sleep","vicinity","view"]' typeof="mw:Extension/maplink" about="#mwt82" id="mwcw" data-mw='{"name":"maplink","attrs":{"description":"[[File:Uman-2007-08-12-05.jpg|300px]]","group":"listing","latitude":"48.75","longitude":"30.2166","show":"mask,around,buy,city,do,drink,eat,go,listing,other,see,sleep,vicinity,view","zoom":"17"},"body":{"extsrc":"{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"coordinates\":[30.2166,48.75],\"type\":\"Point\"},\"properties\":{\"marker-size\":\"medium\",\"title\":\"[[Uman]]\",\"marker-symbol\":\"-number-listing\",\"marker-color\":\"258825\",\"description\":\"[[File:Uman-2007-08-12-05.jpg|300px]]\"}}"}}'>9</a></span> <span id="Uman" class="fn org listing-name" style="font-weight:bold;"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman">Uman</a></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_map_markers"/></span><span id="Q208499" about="#mwt80"></span> — city in central Ukraine with the famous Sofiyivka Park</li></ul> </section><section data-mw-section-id="4" id="mwdA"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwARM"><h2 id="Understand">Understand</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwARQ"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwARU">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Understand" id="mwARY"><span id="mwARc">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwARg">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb" id="mwdQ"><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" id="mwdg"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv_(cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" data-file-width="3901" data-file-height="2412" data-file-type="bitmap" height="136" width="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" class="mw-file-element" id="mwdw"/></a><figcaption id="mweA">The Dniepr is one of the several great rivers of Eastern Europe</figcaption></figure> <p id="mweQ">This article covers Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, all of which use East Slavic languages and share a common heritage going back to the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire" id="mweg">Russian Empire</a> and the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union" id="mwew">Soviet Union</a>, with <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Christianity#The_Great_Schism" title="Christianity" id="mwfA">Orthodox Christianity</a> as the dominant religion. Parts of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine" id="mwfQ">Western Ukraine</a>, including the city of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv" id="mwfg">Lviv</a>, have a Catholic majority, albeit one that celebrates its liturgy according to the Eastern rite.</p> <p id="mwfw">During the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War" id="mwgA">Cold War</a> a <b id="mwgQ">different definition</b> of "Eastern Europe" was used, at least in the Western press and history textbooks. It included all the Communist countries of Europe which were members of the Warsaw Pact alliance, excluding the Soviet Union. In Churchill's phrase, these were the countries behind the "Iron Curtain".</p> <p id="mwgg">Countries that were included in that definition but are treated in other region articles here are:</p> <ul id="mwgw"><li id="mwhA">In the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans" id="mwhQ">Balkans</a> <ul id="mwhg"><li id="mwhw"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria" id="mwiA">Bulgaria</a>, much like the countries covered here, with a South Slavic language and a strong Orthodox church</li> <li id="mwiQ"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania" id="mwig">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li id="mwiw">In <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe" id="mwjA">Central Europe</a> <ul id="mwjQ"><li id="mwjg"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland" id="mwjw">Poland</a>, the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic" id="mwkA">Czech Republic</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia" id="mwkQ">Slovakia</a>, with West Slavic languages and largely Roman Catholic</li> <li id="mwkg"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary" id="mwkw">Hungary</a></li> <li id="mwlA">The former <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany" class="mw-redirect" id="mwlQ">East Germany</a>, now part of the reunited <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany" id="mwlg">Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p id="mwlw">Some countries in Europe were lumped in with Eastern Europe by some because they were Communist, although they were not part of the Warsaw Pact and neither geographically nor linguistically East European. These were:</p> <ul id="mwmA"><li id="mwmQ"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" id="mwmg">Yugoslavia</a> <span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwmw">—</span> now <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia" id="mwnA">Serbia</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia" id="mwnQ">Croatia</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia" id="mwng">Slovenia</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina" id="mwnw">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro" id="mwoA">Montenegro</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia" id="mwoQ">North Macedonia</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo" id="mwog">Kosovo</a></li> <li id="mwow"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Albania" title="Albania" id="mwpA">Albania</a> (was in the pact, but withdrew from it in the 1960s)</li></ul> <p id="mwpQ">A <b id="mwpg">broader definition</b> could include the following former Soviet republics and areas:</p> <ul id="mwpw"><li id="mwqA">Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, which we cover here</li> <li id="mwqQ"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova" id="mwqg">Moldova</a> and the not-widely-recognised breakaway country of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria" id="mwqw">Transnistria</a></li> <li id="mwrA">The <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states" id="mwrQ">Baltic states</a>: <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania" id="mwrg">Lithuania</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia" id="mwrw">Latvia</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia" id="mwsA">Estonia</a></li> <li id="mwsQ">In the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus" id="mwsg">Caucasus</a>, in addition to the Russian <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus" id="mwsw">North Caucasus</a>: <ul id="mwtA"><li id="mwtQ"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)" id="mwtg">Georgia</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia" id="mwtw">Armenia</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan" id="mwuA">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li id="mwuQ"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia" id="mwug">Abkhazia</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia" id="mwuw">South Ossetia</a>, which are secessionist states, not widely recognised by other countries</li></ul></li></ul> <section data-mw-section-id="5" id="mwvA"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3" id="mwARk"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwARo"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwARs">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History" id="mwARw"><span id="mwAR0">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAR4">]</span></span></div> <dl about="#mwt83" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwvQ" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"seealso","href":"./Template:Seealso"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Vikings and the Old Norse"},"2":{"wt":"Minority cultures of Russia"},"3":{"wt":"Russian Empire"},"4":{"wt":"Soviet Union"}},"i":0}}]}'><dd><i>See also: <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vikings_and_the_Old_Norse" title="Vikings and the Old Norse">Vikings and the Old Norse</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Minority_cultures_of_Russia" title="Minority cultures of Russia">Minority cultures of Russia</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb" id="mwvg"><a href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Отроги_горы_Тельпосиз_на_Северном_Урале.jpg" class="mw-file-description" id="mwvw"><img resource="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Отроги_горы_Тельпосиз_на_Северном_Урале.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" data-file-type="bitmap" height="147" width="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 2x" class="mw-file-element" id="mwwA"/></a><figcaption id="mwwQ">Large wild areas remain, here in the North Urals</figcaption></figure> <p id="mwwg">Since ancient times, nomadic peoples have travelled across the Eastern European plains, forests and tundras. The Rus were a tribe of partially Scandinavian origin (see <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vikings_and_the_Old_Norse" title="Vikings and the Old Norse" id="mwww">Vikings and the Old Norse</a>) which settled along the rivers of eastern Europe from the 9th century and onwards, and over time became assimilated by the local Slavic population, with their name surviving in the names of Russia and Belarus. In the 13th century, the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire" id="mwxA">Mongol Empire</a> conquered the Eurasian plains and vassalised many Slavic nations under the Golden Horde. The Russians eventually defeated the Mongols, and in 1547 Ivan IV proclaimed himself Czar of Russia, a country which was to expand south to the Caspian Sea, and east to the Pacific Ocean. Most of today's Belarus and Ukraine were part of the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_commonwealth" title="Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" id="mwxQ">Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth</a>.</p> <p id="mwxg">In 1721, Peter the Great defeated the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire" id="mwxw">Swedish Empire</a> in the Great Northern War, and proclaimed himself to be Emperor of the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire" id="mwyA">Russian Empire</a>, which became one of Europe's and the world's great powers.</p> <p id="mwyQ">The Russian Empire was drawn into <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I" id="mwyg">World War I</a>, which led to the Russian Revolutions (February and October). The Soviet Union was the product of the October Revolution, and after it consolidated control over Russia, it was able to take over the other states defined as Eastern Europe in this article. The Soviet Union was hit hard by <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/World_War_II_in_Europe" title="World War II in Europe" id="mwyw">World War II in Europe</a>, and was one of the adversaries of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cold_War_Europe" title="Cold War Europe" id="mwzA">Cold War Europe</a> until dissolved in 1991, with Russia, Belarus and Ukraine becoming sovereign countries. The Soviet power structure still remains in the region, as Russia keeps Belarus as a close ally, and makes claims on Ukraine.</p> </section></section><section data-mw-section-id="6" id="mwzQ"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAR8"><h2 id="Talk">Talk</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwASA"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwASE">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Talk" id="mwASI"><span id="mwASM">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwASQ">]</span></span></div>  <p id="mwzg"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russian_phrasebook" title="Russian phrasebook" id="mwzw">Russian</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Belarusian" title="Belarusian" class="mw-redirect" id="mw0A">Belarusian</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ukrainian" title="Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" id="mw0Q">Ukrainian</a> are the East Slavic languages, together with the Rusyn language, which is spoken locally in the Carpathians. The East Slavic languages are written with Cyrillic script and are to some degree intelligible to each other. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible to a large extent, while Russian significantly more challenging for those who only speak Ukrainian or Belarusian and vice versa. Russian was the common language for inter-ethnic communication in the Soviet Union and is commonly used in Belarus, as well as in eastern and southern Ukraine.</p> <p id="mw0g">30 million people in Russia have a mother language other than Russian; see <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Minority_cultures_of_Russia" title="Minority cultures of Russia" id="mw0w">Minority cultures of Russia</a>. In Western Ukraine, there are also minority communities who speak Polish, Romanian or Hungarian as their mother tongues.</p> <p id="mw1A">English was not commonly taught during the Soviet era but can be understood by educated young people.</p> </section><section data-mw-section-id="7" id="mw1Q"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwASU"><h2 id="Get_in">Get in</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwASY"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwASc">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Get in" id="mwASg"><span id="mwASk">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwASo">]</span></span></div> <section data-mw-section-id="8" id="mw1g"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3" id="mwASs"><h3 id="By_plane">By plane</h3><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwASw"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAS0">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By plane" id="mwAS4"><span id="mwAS8">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwATA">]</span></span></div> </section><section data-mw-section-id="9" id="mw1w"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3" id="mwATE"><h3 id="By_train">By train</h3><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwATI"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwATM">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: By train" id="mwATQ"><span id="mwATU">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwATY">]</span></span></div> <p id="mw2A">The <b id="mw2Q"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway" id="mw2g">Trans-Siberian Railway</a></b> from <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing" id="mw2w">Beijing</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok" id="mw3A">Vladivostok</a> to <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow" id="mw3Q">Moscow</a> is a classic rail journey. The <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty" id="mw3g">Almaty</a>–<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Urumqi" title="Urumqi" id="mw3w">Urumqi</a> service runs twice per week, and Moscow is easily reached from Almaty by train.</p> </section></section><section data-mw-section-id="10" id="mw4A"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwATc"><h2 id="Get_around">Get around</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwATg"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwATk">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Get around" id="mwATo"><span id="mwATs">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwATw">]</span></span></div> <dl about="#mwt84" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw4Q" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"seealso","href":"./Template:Seealso"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Driving in Russia"},"2":{"wt":"Marshrutka"}},"i":0}}]}'><dd><i>See also: <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Driving_in_Russia" title="Driving in Russia">Driving in Russia</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka" class="mw-disambig">Marshrutka</a></i></dd></dl> <p id="mw4g">Due to the war, transportation between Ukraine and Russia is shut down, and transportation within Ukraine can be complicated.</p> </section><section data-mw-section-id="11" id="mw4w"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAT0"><h2 id="See">See</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAT4"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAT8">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See" id="mwAUA"><span id="mwAUE">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAUI">]</span></span></div> <dl about="#mwt85" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw5A" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"seealso","href":"./Template:Seealso"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Eurasian wildlife"}},"i":0}}]}'><dd><i>See also: <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Eurasian_wildlife" title="Eurasian wildlife">Eurasian wildlife</a></i></dd></dl> <p id="mw5Q">The Russian Empire was a patron of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/European_art" title="European art" id="mw5g">European art</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/European_classical_music" title="European classical music" id="mw5w">European classical music</a>, in particular in Saint Petersburg and Moscow. The autonomous republics are known for their local folk culture, see <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Minority_cultures_of_Russia" title="Minority cultures of Russia" id="mw6A">minority cultures of Russia</a>.</p> </section><section data-mw-section-id="12" id="mw6Q"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAUM"><h2 id="Do">Do</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAUQ"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAUU">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Do" id="mwAUY"><span id="mwAUc">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAUg">]</span></span></div> <p id="mw6g">The vast sceneries of the countries give opportunities for <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Outdoor_life" title="Outdoor life" id="mw6w">outdoor life</a>.</p> </section><section data-mw-section-id="13" id="mw7A"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAUk"><h2 id="Eat">Eat</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAUo"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAUs">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Eat" id="mwAUw"><span id="mwAU0">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAU4">]</span></span></div> <dl about="#mwt86" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw7Q" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"seealso","href":"./Template:Seealso"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Russian cuisine"}},"i":0}}]}'><dd><i>See also: <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian cuisine</a></i></dd></dl> <p id="mw7g">In such an area covering very different climates, there are different cuisines. Due to spontaneous and forced migration inside the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, traditions from far away can be found in surprising places, and of course in cities such as Moscow. <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine" id="mw7w">Russian cuisine</a> is the dominant culinary tradition in much of this area. The cuisines of Belarus and Ukraine are related to Central European cuisines, particularly those of other Slavic countries. There are also influences from Balkan cuisine, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine" id="mw8A">Georgian cuisine</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine" id="mw8Q">Chinese cuisine</a>.</p> </section><section data-mw-section-id="14" id="mw8g"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAU8"><h2 id="Drink">Drink</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAVA"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAVE">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Drink" id="mwAVI"><span id="mwAVM">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAVQ">]</span></span></div> <p id="mw8w"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tea" title="Tea" id="mw9A">Tea</a> is the traditional hot drink.</p> <p id="mw9Q">Eastern Europe is part of the "vodka belt", with both plain and seasoned vodka. Crimea and Carpathian Ukraine are known for <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine" id="mw9g">wine</a>.</p> <p id="mw9w">Mead and kvass are lighter beverages typical to the region.</p> </section><section data-mw-section-id="15" id="mw-A"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAVU"><h2 id="Stay_safe">Stay safe</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAVY"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAVc">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Stay safe" id="mwAVg"><span id="mwAVk">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAVo">]</span></span></div> <p id="mw-Q">Other than the geopolitical situation in the region, Eastern Europe is generally safe for tourists. However, most of this region has <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cold_weather" title="Cold weather" id="mw-g">cold winters</a>, with <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia" id="mw-w">Russia</a> being notorious for its frigid weather.</p> </section><section data-mw-section-id="16" id="mw_A"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2" id="mwAVs"><h2 id="Go_next">Go next</h2><span class="mw-editsection" id="mwAVw"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAV0">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Go next" id="mwAV4"><span id="mwAV8">edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" id="mwAWA">]</span></span></div> <ul about="#mwt87" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw_Q" data-mw='{"parts":["* [[Nordic countries]], [[Baltic countries]], [[Balkans]]\n\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IsPartOf","href":"./Template:IsPartOf"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Europe"}},"i":0}}]}'><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Baltic_countries" title="Baltic countries" class="mw-redirect">Baltic countries</a>, <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> <link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Europe"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:All_destination_articles"/></li></ul><span about="#mwt87"> </span> <div class="noprint" about="#mwt88" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mw_g" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"outlineregion","href":"./Template:Outlineregion"},"params":{},"i":0}}]}'> <table id="outline_region" class="article-status" style="border-style:dotted;"> <tbody><tr><td></td> <td>This <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Geographical_hierarchy#Regions" title="Wikivoyage:Geographical hierarchy">region</a> travel guide to <b>Eastern Europe</b><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>is an <b><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Outline_articles" title="Wikivoyage:Outline articles">outline</a></b><span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>and may need more content. It has a <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Article_skeleton_templates" title="Wikivoyage:Article skeleton templates">template</a>, but there is not enough <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Where_you_can_stick_it" title="Wikivoyage:Where you can stick it">information</a> present. If there are <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:City_guide_status" title="Wikivoyage:City guide status" class="mw-redirect">Cities</a> and <b>Other destinations</b> listed, they may not all be at <b>usable</b> status or there may not be a <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Country_guide_status" title="Wikivoyage:Country guide status" class="mw-redirect">valid regional structure</a> and a "Get in" section describing all of the typical ways to get here. Please <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Plunge_forward" title="Wikivoyage:Plunge forward">plunge forward</a> and <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:How_to_edit_a_page" title="Wikivoyage:How to edit a page">help it grow</a>!</td></tr> </tbody></table></div><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Outline_regions" about="#mwt88"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Outline_articles" about="#mwt88"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Region_articles" about="#mwt88" id="mw_w"/> <meta typeof="mw:Extension/indicator mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt89" id="mwAQA" data-mw='{"name":"indicator","attrs":{"name":"i3-geo"},"body":{"extsrc":"<span style=\"display:none\"><span class=\"geo\"><abbr class=\"latitude\">62</abbr><abbr class=\"longitude\">100</abbr></span></span><span title=\"Click for a full screen dynamic map...\">[[File:Map mag.png|25px|link=//wikivoyage.toolforge.org/w/poimap2.php?lat=62&lon=100&zoom=3&layer=W&lang=en&name=Eastern_Europe|alt=Full screen dynamic map]]</span>"},"html":"<span style=\"display:none\" data-parsoid='{\"stx\":\"html\"}'><span class=\"geo\" data-parsoid='{\"stx\":\"html\"}'><abbr class=\"latitude\" data-parsoid='{\"stx\":\"html\"}'>62</abbr><abbr class=\"longitude\" data-parsoid='{\"stx\":\"html\"}'>100</abbr></span></span><span title=\"Click for a full screen dynamic map...\" data-parsoid='{\"stx\":\"html\"}'><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-parsoid='{\"optList\":[{\"ck\":\"width\",\"ak\":\"25px\"},{\"ck\":\"link\",\"ak\":\"link=//wikivoyage.toolforge.org/w/poimap2.php?lat=62&amp;lon=100&amp;zoom=3&amp;layer=W&amp;lang=en&amp;name=Eastern_Europe\"},{\"ck\":\"alt\",\"ak\":\"alt=Full screen dynamic map\"}]}'><a href=\"//wikivoyage.toolforge.org/w/poimap2.php?lat=62&amp;lon=100&amp;zoom=3&amp;layer=W&amp;lang=en&amp;name=Eastern_Europe\" data-parsoid=\"{}\"><img alt=\"Full screen dynamic map\" resource=\"./File:Map_mag.png\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Map_mag.png/25px-Map_mag.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-width=\"32\" data-file-height=\"32\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"25\" width=\"25\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Map_mag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Map_mag.png 2x\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-parsoid='{\"a\":{\"resource\":\"./File:Map_mag.png\",\"height\":\"25\",\"width\":\"25\"},\"sa\":{\"resource\":\"File:Map mag.png\"}}'/></a></span></span>","parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"geo","href":"./Template:Geo"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"62"},"2":{"wt":"100"},"zoom":{"wt":"3"}},"i":0}}]}'/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Has_Geo_parameter" about="#mwt89"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_Geo_different_to_Wikidata" about="#mwt89"/><div class="geocomparison" style="display:none;float:right;" about="#mwt89" id="mwAQE"><u><b>Article Geo different to Wikidata</b></u><br/><b>Wikivoyage</b>: Latitude 62, Longitude 100 (<a rel="mw:ExtLink" href="https://wikivoyage.toolforge.org/w/poimap2.php?lat=62&lon=100&zoom=3&name=Wikivoyage" class="external text">Map</a>, <a rel="mw:ExtLink" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=62_N_100_E&title=Wikivoyage" class="external text">Geohack</a>)<br/><b>Wikidata</b>: Latitude 49, Longitude 31 (<a rel="mw:ExtLink" href="https://wikivoyage.toolforge.org/w/poimap2.php?lat=49&lon=31&zoom=3&name=Wikidata" class="external text">Map</a>, <a rel="mw:ExtLink" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=49_N_31_E&title=Wikidata" class="external text">Geohack</a>)<br/><b>Difference</b>: 4,335.7km</div></section>     </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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