CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Armenians in Syria - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ed369c6a-16bf-4af9-9c92-ec6683df1efe","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Armenians_in_Syria","wgTitle":"Armenians in Syria","wgCurRevisionId":1258895596,"wgRevisionId":1258895596,"wgArticleId":6563788,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","\"Related ethnic groups\" needing confirmation","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from July 2009","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2023","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles containing Armenian-language text", "Commons category link is on Wikidata","Armenian diaspora by country","Armenian diaspora in Syria","Ethnic groups in Syria","West Asian diaspora in Syria","Syrian people of Armenian descent","Armenia–Syria relations"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Armenians_in_Syria","wgRelevantArticleId":6563788,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q683045","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Armenians in Syria - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Armenians_in_Syria rootpage-Armenians_in_Syria skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Armenians+in+Syria" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Armenians+in+Syria" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Armenians+in+Syria" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Armenians+in+Syria" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ottoman Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian_genocide_and_the_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_genocide_and_the_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Armenian genocide and the 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_genocide_and_the_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_status_and_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_status_and_the_Syrian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Current status and the Syrian Civil War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_status_and_the_Syrian_Civil_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current status and the Syrian Civil War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_status_and_the_Syrian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rojava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rojava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rojava</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rojava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Martyr_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martyr_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martyr_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apostolic_Armenians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apostolic_Armenians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Apostolic Armenians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apostolic_Armenians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic_Armenians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Armenians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Catholic Armenians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Armenians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evangelical_Armenians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evangelical_Armenians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Evangelical Armenians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evangelical_Armenians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armenian_schools_in_Aleppo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_schools_in_Aleppo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Armenian schools in Aleppo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_schools_in_Aleppo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defunct_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Defunct schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defunct_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian_schools_in_other_Syrian_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_schools_in_other_Syrian_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Armenian schools in other Syrian regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_schools_in_other_Syrian_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integration_of_the_Armenian_communities_in_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integration_of_the_Armenian_communities_in_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Integration of the Armenian communities in Syria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Integration_of_the_Armenian_communities_in_Syria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Integration of the Armenian communities in Syria subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Integration_of_the_Armenian_communities_in_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Political life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music,_arts_and_drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music,_arts_and_drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Music, arts and drama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music,_arts_and_drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Medical sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persecution_during_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persecution_during_the_Syrian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Persecution during the Syrian Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persecution_during_the_Syrian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syrian-Armenian_Relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syrian-Armenian_Relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Syrian-Armenian Relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syrian-Armenian_Relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Syrian-Armenian Relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Syrian-Armenian_Relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deir_ez-Zor_and_the_Armenian_genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deir_ez-Zor_and_the_Armenian_genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Deir ez-Zor and the Armenian genocide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deir_ez-Zor_and_the_Armenian_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kessab,_Syrian_town_with_an_Armenian_majority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kessab,_Syrian_town_with_an_Armenian_majority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Kessab, Syrian town with an Armenian majority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kessab,_Syrian_town_with_an_Armenian_majority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_between_Armenia_and_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_between_Armenia_and_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Relations between Armenia and Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_between_Armenia_and_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Armenians in Syria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="أرمن سوريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرمن سوريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya_erm%C9%99nil%C9%99ri" title="Suriya erməniləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suriya erməniləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سوریه ائرمنی‌‌‌‌لری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوریه ائرمنی‌‌‌‌لری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenier_in_Syrien" title="Armenier in Syrien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Armenier in Syrien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenoj_en_Sirio" title="Armenoj en Sirio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armenoj en Sirio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ارمنی‌های سوریه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارمنی‌های سوریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A9niens_en_Syrie" title="Arméniens en Syrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arméniens en Syrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8_%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հայերը Սիրիայում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայերը Սիրիայում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armeni_in_Siria" title="Armeni in Siria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Armeni in Siria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="სომხური დიასპორა სირიაში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სომხური დიასპორა სირიაში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ارمن سوريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارمن سوريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Армяне в Сирии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Армяне в Сирии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Armenians in Syria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syyrian_armenialaiset" title="Syyrian armenialaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syyrian armenialaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriye_Ermenileri" title="Suriye Ermenileri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Suriye Ermenileri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q683045#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Armenians_in_Syria" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Armenians_in_Syria" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Armenians_in_Syria" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&oldid=1258895596" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Armenians_in_Syria&id=1258895596&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArmenians_in_Syria"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArmenians_in_Syria"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Armenians_in_Syria&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Armenians_in_Syria" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q683045" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Armenians in Syria</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">100,000 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noravank.am_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noravank.am-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arm._Min._Diaspora_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arm._Min._Diaspora-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Cities: <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Hasakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Hasakah">Al Hasakah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad" title="Tell Abyad">Tell Abyad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez_Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir ez Zor">Deir ez Zor</a><br /> Villages: <a href="/wiki/Kessab" title="Kessab">Kessab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yakubiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakubiyah">Yakubiyah</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Language">Armenian</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Western_Armenian" title="Western Armenian">Western</a>)</small>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Armenian Evangelical</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Loms</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em; font-family:Palatino Linotype;""><b><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_eternity_sign" title="Armenian eternity sign"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/80px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/120px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/160px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="958" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Armenia" title="Culture of Armenia">Armenian culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_architecture" title="Armenian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Armenia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dance" title="Armenian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dress" title="Armenian dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_literature" title="Armenian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">History</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Armenians_per_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians per country">By country</a> or region</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a> (See also <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Turkey" title="Armenians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_France" title="Armenians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_India" title="Armenians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armenians" title="Iraqi Armenians">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Argentines" title="Armenian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Uruguayans" title="Armenian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lebanon" title="Armenians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ukraine" title="Armenians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Crimea" title="Armenians in Crimea">Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Poland" title="Armenians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Canadians" title="Armenian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Australians" title="Armenian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Greece" title="Armenians in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Egypt" title="Armenians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Sweden" title="Armenians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Singapore" title="Armenians in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">China</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Subgroups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemshin_people" title="Hemshin people">Hamshenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Cherkesogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Loms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zoks</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Brotherhood_Church" title="Armenian Brotherhood Church">Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Hetanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Armenia" title="Languages of Armenia">Languages and dialects</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zok</a>) •  <a href="/wiki/Western_Armenian" title="Western Armenian">Western</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homshetsi_dialect" title="Homshetsi dialect">Homshetsi</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Sign_Language" title="Armenian Sign Language">Armenian Sign</a> •  <i><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Sign_Language" title="Caucasian Sign Language">Caucasian Sign</a></i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats#Language" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tat</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language">Cuman</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Kipchak_language" title="Armeno-Kipchak language">Armeno-Kipchak</a></i><br />Armenian–Lom: <a href="/wiki/Lomavren_language" title="Lomavren language">Lomavren</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Persecution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Genocide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Denial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidian massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Armenianism">Anti-Armenianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Armenians" title="Hidden Armenians">Hidden Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armenians" title="Template:Armenians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armenians" title="Template talk:Armenians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armenians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armenians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Armenians in Syria</b> are <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> citizens of either full or partial <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> descent. </p><p>Syria and the surrounding areas have often served as a refuge for Armenians who fled from wars and persecutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>. However, there has been an Armenian presence in the region since the Byzantine era.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Diaspora">Ministry of Diaspora</a> of Armenia, the estimated number of Armenians in Syria is 100,000, with more than 60,000 of them centralized in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>. With other estimates by Armenian foundations in Syria putting the number around 70–80,000.<sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noravank.am_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noravank.am-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since the start of the conflict, 16,623 Syrian citizens of ethnic Armenian background have arrived in Armenia. Of these displaced persons, 13,000 remained and found protection in Armenia as of July 2015. The government is offering several protection options including simplified naturalization by <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Middle_East" title="Armenians in the Middle East">Armenian descent</a> (15,000 persons acquired <a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenian citizenship</a>), accelerated asylum procedures and facilitated short, mid and long-term residence permits.<sup id="cite_ref-United_Nations_in_Armenia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_in_Armenia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hranush_Hakobyan" title="Hranush Hakobyan">Hranush Hakobyan</a> by 2016 only 15,000 Armenians were left in Syria and the rest have been settled in Armenia or <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lragir.am_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lragir.am-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with another 8,000 having left for <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and others going to destinations including <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc.ca_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc.ca-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-news.am_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.am-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Armenian foundations in Syria estimate around 35,000 are left based on rough estimates, including a method which multiplies the number of students enrolled in Armenian minority schools by 3 or 4, since minors would only take up around 25–30% of an <a href="/wiki/Age_pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Age pyramid">age pyramid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian border villages of <a href="/wiki/Kessab" title="Kessab">Kessab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yakubiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakubiyah">Yakubiyah</a> had Armenian majorities prior to the civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-jimdo.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jimdo.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kessab was attacked and looted by Islamist Syrian rebels who were given safe passage by Turkey through Turkish land, though they were later expelled by the Syrian Army. Yacubiyah had its Armenian population expelled by <a href="/wiki/Jabhat_al-Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat al-Nusra">Jabhat al-Nusra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globalpost.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 Professor John Shoup said that the Armenian population in Syria formed about 2% of the country's total population, making them the fifth largest ethnic group in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Moses_Housepian,_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dr_Moses_Housepian%2C_1916.jpg/90px-Dr_Moses_Housepian%2C_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dr_Moses_Housepian%2C_1916.jpg/135px-Dr_Moses_Housepian%2C_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dr_Moses_Housepian%2C_1916.jpg/180px-Dr_Moses_Housepian%2C_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="916" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dr. <a href="/wiki/Moses_Housepian" title="Moses Housepian">Moses Housepian</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hrant_maloyan_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hrant_maloyan_2.jpg/90px-Hrant_maloyan_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hrant_maloyan_2.jpg/135px-Hrant_maloyan_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hrant_maloyan_2.jpg/180px-Hrant_maloyan_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Hrant_Maloyan" title="Hrant Maloyan">Hrant Maloyan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Carzou_1995.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jean_Carzou_1995.png/90px-Jean_Carzou_1995.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jean_Carzou_1995.png/135px-Jean_Carzou_1995.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jean_Carzou_1995.png/180px-Jean_Carzou_1995.png 2x" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Carzou" title="Jean Carzou">Jean Carzou</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aram_karamanoukian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Aram_karamanoukian.jpg/90px-Aram_karamanoukian.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Aram_karamanoukian.jpg/135px-Aram_karamanoukian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Aram_karamanoukian.jpg/180px-Aram_karamanoukian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Aram_Karamanoukian" title="Aram Karamanoukian">Aram Karamanoukian</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevork_Ajemian%27s_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kevork_Ajemian%27s_photo.jpg/90px-Kevork_Ajemian%27s_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Kevork_Ajemian%27s_photo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kevork_Ajemian" title="Kevork Ajemian">Kevork Ajemian</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peyker%C3%AA_Aram%C3%AA_T%C3%AEgran_%C3%AA_Farq%C3%AEn%C3%AA_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Peyker%C3%AA_Aram%C3%AA_T%C3%AEgran_%C3%AA_Farq%C3%AEn%C3%AA_2012.JPG/90px-Peyker%C3%AA_Aram%C3%AA_T%C3%AEgran_%C3%AA_Farq%C3%AEn%C3%AA_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Peyker%C3%AA_Aram%C3%AA_T%C3%AEgran_%C3%AA_Farq%C3%AEn%C3%AA_2012.JPG/135px-Peyker%C3%AA_Aram%C3%AA_T%C3%AEgran_%C3%AA_Farq%C3%AEn%C3%AA_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Peyker%C3%AA_Aram%C3%AA_T%C3%AEgran_%C3%AA_Farq%C3%AEn%C3%AA_2012.JPG/180px-Peyker%C3%AA_Aram%C3%AA_T%C3%AEgran_%C3%AA_Farq%C3%AEn%C3%AA_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Aram_Tigran" title="Aram Tigran">Aram Tigran</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Levon_ter-petrosian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Levon_ter-petrosian.jpg/90px-Levon_ter-petrosian.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Levon_ter-petrosian.jpg/135px-Levon_ter-petrosian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Levon_ter-petrosian.jpg/180px-Levon_ter-petrosian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="639" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan" title="Levon Ter-Petrosyan">Levon Ter-Petrosyan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Baghdadlian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paul_Baghdadlian.jpg/90px-Paul_Baghdadlian.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paul_Baghdadlian.jpg/135px-Paul_Baghdadlian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paul_Baghdadlian.jpg/180px-Paul_Baghdadlian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baghdadlian" title="Paul Baghdadlian">Paul Baghdadlian</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vartan_Oskanian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vartan_Oskanian.jpg/90px-Vartan_Oskanian.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vartan_Oskanian.jpg/135px-Vartan_Oskanian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vartan_Oskanian.jpg/180px-Vartan_Oskanian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Vartan_Oskanian" title="Vartan Oskanian">Vartan Oskanian</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garo_Kahkejian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Garo_Kahkejian.jpg/90px-Garo_Kahkejian.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Garo_Kahkejian.jpg/135px-Garo_Kahkejian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Garo_Kahkejian.jpg/180px-Garo_Kahkejian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Garo_Kahkejian" title="Garo Kahkejian">Garo Kahkejian</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avraam_Russo_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Avraam_Russo_cropped.jpg/90px-Avraam_Russo_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Avraam_Russo_cropped.jpg/135px-Avraam_Russo_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Avraam_Russo_cropped.jpg/180px-Avraam_Russo_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2968" data-file-height="3392" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Avraam_Russo" title="Avraam Russo">Avraam Russo</a></div></div></div></div></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient times</a>, there was a small Armenian presence in northern Syria. Under <a href="/wiki/Tigranes_the_Great" title="Tigranes the Great">Tigranes the Great</a>, Armenians invaded Syria and the city of <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> was chosen as one of the four capitals of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Empire">Armenian Empire</a>. </p><p>In 301, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> became the official religion of Armenia through the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator">Saint Gregory the Illuminator</a>. Armenian merchants and pilgrims started to visit the earliest Christian centres of the <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">region of Syria</a> including <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Edessa, Mesopotamia">Edessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nisibis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisibis">Nisibis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Close relations were established between the Armenians and the Christian congregations of Syria after the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic age">apostolic era</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zarehian_Treasury_of_the_Armenian_Apostolic_Church,_Aleppo,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Zarehian_Treasury_of_the_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010.jpg/220px-Zarehian_Treasury_of_the_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Zarehian_Treasury_of_the_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010.jpg/330px-Zarehian_Treasury_of_the_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Zarehian_Treasury_of_the_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010.jpg/440px-Zarehian_Treasury_of_the_Armenian_Apostolic_Church%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1875" /></a><figcaption>The 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_Cathedral" title="Forty Martyrs Cathedral">Church of the Holy Mother of God of Aleppo</a>, currently serves as treasury-museum of the Armenian Church</figcaption></figure> <p>During the first half of the 7th century, <a href="/wiki/Arab_conquest_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab conquest of Armenia">Armenia was conquered by the Arab Islamic Caliphate</a>. Thousands of Armenians were carried into slavery by the Arab invaders to serve in other regions of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> including their capital <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">the Muslim-controlled Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Armenia_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Armenia-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (July 2009)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the 2nd half of the 11th century, Armenia -being under the Byzantine rule- was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuq Turks</a>. Waves of Armenians left their homeland in order to settle in more stable countries. Most Armenians established themselves in <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> where they founded the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a>. Many other Armenians have preferred to settle in northern Syria. Armenian quarters were formed during the 11th century in <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Ayntab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Marash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilis" title="Kilis">Kilis</a>, etc. </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch" title="Siege of Antioch">Siege of Antioch</a>, most Armenians were expelled from Antioch by the Turkish governor of the city <a href="/wiki/Yaghi-Siyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghi-Siyan">Yaghi-Siyan</a>, a move that prompted the Armenians of Antioch, and the rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia to establish close relations with the European <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> rather than the mostly-Turkish rulers of Syria. Thus, the new rulers of Antioch became the Europeans. Armenian engineers also helped the Crusaders during the Siege of Tyre by manipulating siege engines. </p><p>However, the Armenian population of Syria and its surrounding areas has greatly diminished after the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a> in 1260. </p><p>After the decline of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia during the 14th century, a new wave of Armenian migrants from the Cilician and other towns of northern Syria arrived in Aleppo. They have gradually developed their own schools and churches to become a well-organized community during the 15th century with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Diocese_of_Beroea" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Diocese of Beroea">Armenian Diocese of Beroea</a> in Aleppo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_Syria">Ottoman Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ottoman Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haygazian_Armenian_School,_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%282%29.jpg/220px-Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%282%29.jpg/330px-Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%282%29.jpg/440px-Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1533" data-file-height="1705" /></a><figcaption>An early 17th century narrow alley in <a href="/wiki/Al-Jdayde" title="Al-Jdayde">Jdeydeh</a>, leading to the old Armenian quarter of Hokedoun, Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <p>During the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman rule over Syria</a>, there was relatively smaller Armenian presence in northern Syria due to the military conflicts in the region. A larger community existed in <a href="/wiki/Urfa" title="Urfa">Urfa</a> which is considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">region of Syria</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> had a large indigenous Armenian population in its Eastern Anatolia region, from where some Armenians moved to Aleppo in search of economic opportunity. Later on, many Armenian families moved from <a href="/wiki/Western_Armenia" title="Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a> to Aleppo escaping the Turkish oppression. Thus, large numbers of Armenians from <a href="/wiki/Arapgir" title="Arapgir">Arapgir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sasun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasun">Sasun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rumkale" title="Rumkale">Hromgla</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymanl%C4%B1" title="Süleymanlı">Zeitun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Marash</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Julfa" title="New Julfa">New Julfa</a> arrived in Aleppo during the 17th century. Another wave of migrants from <a href="/wiki/Karin_(historic_Armenia)" title="Karin (historic Armenia)">Karin</a> arrived in Aleppo in 1737. There were also families from <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Armenian population increased in Aleppo. By the end of the 19th century, the Mazloumian family established the "Ararat hotel" that became a renowned international establishment and renamed <a href="/wiki/Baron_Hotel" title="Baron Hotel">Baron Hotel</a>. </p><p>Under the Ottomans, Syrians and many other ethnic groups lived in a <a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">religious</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">culturally pluralist</a> society, with each community exercising a degree of local <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a>: </p> <blockquote> <p>Under the Ottomans, the area known today as Syria hadn't been a single entity but rather a collection of "<a href="/wiki/Wilayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayat">wilayats</a>," or provinces, that at times included areas of modern-day Lebanon and Israel. Nor was the population homogenous. The wilayats of Ottoman Syria each comprised an array of ethnicities, cultural identifications and economic structures. After 400 years of rule under the Ottomans, certain particularities of the political system became ingrained. In modern-day Syria before the civil war, cities were divided into culturally distinct quarters: one where you would find the Armenians, another populated by Assyrians. I especially remember the Kurdish markets, where vendors would come dressed in their bright colors to sell fruits and vegetables from the countryside. </p><p> In fact, the way in which Syria was governed reinforced the autonomy of these distinct ethnic and religious communities. The Ottomans enforced a policy of pluralism, intended to appease different nations and quell the rise of nationalist movements, in which Jews, Christians and Muslims were all empowered to assert their own identities and therefore had no need to vie for power. Each religious community, known as a "<a href="/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Millet (Ottoman Empire)">millet</a>," had a representative in Istanbul and was allowed to organize its own affairs, including its people's education, social services and charities and even some of the legal standards by which they lived. The millet controlled all internal disputes such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and the distribution and collection of taxes. The residue of this community-specific system remained in modern Syria; for example, everyone knew you went to the Armenian quarter to get your silver.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_genocide_and_the_20th_century">Armenian genocide and the 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Armenian genocide and the 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_orphans_aleppo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Armenian_orphans_aleppo.jpg/220px-Armenian_orphans_aleppo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Armenian_orphans_aleppo.jpg/330px-Armenian_orphans_aleppo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Armenian_orphans_aleppo.jpg/440px-Armenian_orphans_aleppo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Armenian students cramped into crowded classrooms in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> after they flooded Syrian cities due to the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> of 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the Armenians have had a long history in Syria, most arrived there during the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> committed by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. The main killing fields of Armenians were located in the Syrian desert surrounding <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> (Euphrates Valley). During the genocide, more than a million Armenians were killed and hundreds of thousands were displaced from <a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">historic Armenia</a>. The native <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> in addition to the Armenian community of 10,000 in Aleppo came together to aid the deportees, with the Armenian Apostolic Church in Aleppo initially providing improvised support for the newcomers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They did not hesitate to shelter and support persecuted Armenians. Arabs and Armenians have traditionally had good relations, especially after they sheltered the Armenians during the Armenian genocide. There was also a minor Arab genocide in Anatolia at the same time, which meant they had affinity with one another. </p><p>Aleppo's large Christian population swelled with the influx of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian</a> Christian refugees during the early 20th-century and after the Armenian genocide and <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian genocide">Assyrian genocide</a> of 1915. After the arrival of the first groups of Armenian refugees coming from the death camps in Deir ez Zor and historic Armenia (1915–1922) the population of Aleppo in 1922 counted 156,748 of whom Muslims were 97,600 (62.26%), native Christians -mostly Catholics- 22,117 (14.11%), Jews 6,580 (4.20%), Europeans 2,652 (1.70%), Armenian refugees 20,007 (12.76%) and others 7,792 (4.97%).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second period of Armenian flow towards Aleppo was marked by the withdrawal of the French troops from <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That wave brought more than 40,000 Armenian refugees to Aleppo between 1923 and 1925, and the population of the city skyrocketed up to 210,000 by the end of 1925, with <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> forming more than 25% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the historical data presented by <i>Al-Ghazzi</i>, the vast majority of the Aleppine Christians were Catholics until the 1920s. The growth of the Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Christian communities is tied in with the arrival of the Armenian and <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian genocide">Assyrian genocide</a> survivors from Cilicia and Southern Turkey, as well as large numbers of Orthodox Greeks from the <a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province" title="Hatay Province">Sanjak of Alexandretta</a> who arrived in Aleppo later on after the annexation of the Sanjak in 1939 by Turkey. </p><p>In 1944, Aleppo's population was around 325,000, with 112,110 (34.5%) Christians among which Armenians counted 60,200. Armenians formed more than half of the Christian community in Aleppo until 1947, when many groups of them left for <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Armenia">Soviet Armenia</a> to take advantage of the <i>Armenian Repatriation Process (1946–1967)</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_status_and_the_Syrian_Civil_War">Current status and the Syrian Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Current status and the Syrian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Radikal" title="Radikal">Radikal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rober_Kopta%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Rober Koptaş">Rober Koptaş</a>, editor-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Agos" title="Agos">Agos</a> Armenian newspaper, said that the Armenians under Assad felt relatively safe.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Armenians, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, lived in a safe haven in Syria which made Armenians more sympathetic for Assad during the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleppo_under_attack_by_terrorists_(9_August_2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Aleppo_under_attack_by_terrorists_%289_August_2016%29.jpg/220px-Aleppo_under_attack_by_terrorists_%289_August_2016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Aleppo_under_attack_by_terrorists_%289_August_2016%29.jpg/330px-Aleppo_under_attack_by_terrorists_%289_August_2016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Aleppo_under_attack_by_terrorists_%289_August_2016%29.jpg/440px-Aleppo_under_attack_by_terrorists_%289_August_2016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An Armenian-majority neighborhood in Aleppo under attack by terrorists during August 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the Ministry of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Diaspora</a> of Armenia, the estimated number of Armenians in Syria is 100,000, with more than 60,000 of them centralized in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Arm._Min._Diaspora_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arm._Min._Diaspora-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with other estimates by Armenian foundations in Syria putting the number of Armenians in Syria around 70–80,000.<sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noravank.am_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noravank.am-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the start of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>, 16,623 Syrian citizens of ethnic Armenian background have arrived in Armenia, of whom about 13,000 displaced persons remained and found protection in Armenia as of July 2015. The government is offering several protection options including simplified naturalization by <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Middle_East" title="Armenians in the Middle East">Armenian descent</a> (15,000 persons acquired <a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenian citizenship</a>), accelerated asylum procedures and facilitated short, mid and long-term residence permits.<sup id="cite_ref-United_Nations_in_Armenia_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_in_Armenia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hranush_Hakobyan" title="Hranush Hakobyan">Hranush Hakobyan</a>, only 15,000 Armenians are left in Syria and the rest have been settled in Armenia or <a href="/wiki/Nagorno_Karabakh_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno Karabakh Republic">Nagorno Karabakh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lragir.am_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lragir.am-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with another 8,000 having left for <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and others going to destinations including <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc.ca_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc.ca-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-news.am_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.am-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Armenian foundations in Syria estimate around 35,000 are left based on rough estimates, including a method which multiplies the number of students enrolled in Armenian minority schools by 3 or 4, since minors would only take up around 25–30% of an <a href="/wiki/Age_pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Age pyramid">age pyramid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armenianweekly.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Armenians in Syria are present in both rural and urban areas. The villages of <a href="/wiki/Kessab" title="Kessab">Kessab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakubiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakubiyah">Yakubiyah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghnemiyeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghnemiyeh (page does not exist)">Ghnemiyeh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aramo,_Syria" title="Aramo, Syria">Aramo</a> had Armenian majorities prior to the civil war, and are located near the contested border region of <a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province" title="Hatay Province">Hatay Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jimdo.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jimdo.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kessab was attacked and looted in an ambush by Syrian Rebels who were given passage through Hatay province by Turkey, (although they deny this claim) and Yacubiyah had their Armenian population expelled by <a href="/wiki/Al_Nusra" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Nusra">Al Nusra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-globalpost.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excluding those villages, Armenians are primarily urban. Most Armenians of Syria live in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, with other cities including <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad" title="Tell Abyad">Tell Abyad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">Al-Hasakah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez_Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir ez Zor">Deir ez Zor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Malikiyah" title="Al-Malikiyah">Al-Malikiyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ayn,_al-Hasakah_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al-Ayn, al-Hasakah Governorate">Ras al-Ayn</a>, although some of which have had their populations expelled such as <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez_Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir ez Zor">Deir ez Zor</a>. In 2015, the local St. Rita Catholic Armenian church was also destroyed, according to unconfirmed reports at that time, by rebel fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rojava"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Rojava</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rojava"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the establishment of the Autonomous Administration of Northeast Syria, the AANES has made efforts to restore and even help cultivate the Armenian community that resides in Rojava, mainly in Qamishli, Al-Hasakah, Deir ez Zor and Ras al-Ayn. This is demonstrated by the creation of the Armenian Social Council in April 2020. Under the Social Council, teaching the Armenian language has resumed after over a decade of it being denied by the Syrian government.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Martyr_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade">Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Martyr_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade" title="Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade">Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_the_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_the_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_the_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Nubar_Ozanyan_Brigade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Armenian brigade</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 24, 2019, the "Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade" was formed as an Armenian brigade of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> on the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> in the Marziya Church in <a href="/wiki/Tell_Goran" title="Tell Goran">Tell Goran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Founding_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Founding-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Orphanage1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Armenian_Orphanage1.jpg/220px-Armenian_Orphanage1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Armenian_Orphanage1.jpg/330px-Armenian_Orphanage1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Armenian_Orphanage1.jpg/440px-Armenian_Orphanage1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>The Armenian Orphanage in Jdeydeh, Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_to_Zeytun_Resistance_at_Surp_Kevork_Armenian_Church,_Aleppo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Monument_to_Zeytun_Resistance_at_Surp_Kevork_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/220px-Monument_to_Zeytun_Resistance_at_Surp_Kevork_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Monument_to_Zeytun_Resistance_at_Surp_Kevork_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/330px-Monument_to_Zeytun_Resistance_at_Surp_Kevork_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Monument_to_Zeytun_Resistance_at_Surp_Kevork_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/440px-Monument_to_Zeytun_Resistance_at_Surp_Kevork_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Zeitun resistance of 1895, Surp Kevork Church, <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of Armenian organizations are based in the city of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, acting in the form of cultural, sport, youth or charitable associations: </p><p>Cultural associations based in Aleppo: </p> <ul><li>Grtasirats Cultural Association (1924)</li> <li>Kermanig-Vasbouragan Cultural Association (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamazkayin" title="Hamazkayin">Hamazkayin</a> Cultural and Educational Association (1930)</li> <li>Armenian Youth Association (1932)</li> <li>Tekeyan Armenian Cultural Association (1955)</li> <li>National Cultural Association (1955)</li> <li>Urfa Renaissance Cultural Association (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor_Serount_Cultural_Association" title="Nor Serount Cultural Association">Nor Serount Cultural Association</a> (1958)</li> <li>Cilician Cultural Association (1964)</li> <li>Syrian Youth Association (1978)</li></ul> <p>Charitable associations based in Aleppo: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_General_Benevolent_Union" title="Armenian General Benevolent Union">Armenian General Benevolent Union</a> (1910)</li> <li>Armenian Syrian Red Cross Association (1919)</li> <li>National Orphanage (1920)</li> <li>Armenian Old Age Home (1923)</li> <li>Howard Karageozian Commemorative Corporation (1941)</li> <li>Jinishian Memorial Foundation (1966)</li> <li>Social Service Consultation of the Diocese of Beroea (1993)</li></ul> <p>Sports associations based in Aleppo: </p> <ul><li>Armenian Sports Union, known as <a href="/wiki/Homenmen" title="Homenmen">Homenmen</a> sports and scouting organization established in Aleppo in 1921</li> <li>Ararat Sports Union, founded in 1923, represented to the Syrian General Sports Federation under the name <a href="/wiki/Ouroube_SC_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouroube SC Aleppo">Ouroube SC</a></li> <li>Armenian General Athletic Union, known as Homentmen sports and scouting organization, established in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> in 1918 and opened branches in Syria in 1925, represented to the Syrian General Sports Federation under the name <a href="/wiki/Al-Yarmouk_SC_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yarmouk SC Aleppo">al-Yarmouk SC</a></li></ul> <p>Students associations based in Aleppo: </p> <ul><li>Karen Jeppe College Graduates Union (1947)</li> <li>Syrian-Armenian University Students Union (Ս.Հ.Մ., est. 1968)</li> <li>Graduates Union of Higher Institutions of Armenia (1982)</li> <li>Syrian Universities' Armenian Graduates Union (Ս.Հ.Շ.Հ.Մ., est. 1985)</li> <li>Dkhrouny Students-Youth Association (1969) of the <a href="/wiki/Hunchakian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunchakian">Hunchakian</a> party</li> <li>Christapor Students Union (2001) of the <a href="/wiki/Dashnak" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashnak">Dashnak</a> party</li></ul> <p>Most associations have their branches in many other Syrian cities: <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kessab" title="Kessab">Kessab</a>, etc. </p><p>The Armenians of Aleppo have also formed compatriotic unions based on their roots, named after towns and villages where their ancestors have migrated from, during the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>. Nowadays, there are 11 compatriotic organizations operating in Aleppo: <a href="/wiki/Tigranakert_(Amid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigranakert (Amid)">Dikranagerd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taron_(historic_Armenia)" title="Taron (historic Armenia)">Daron</a>-<a href="/wiki/Turuberan" title="Turuberan">Duruperan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Marash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urfa" title="Urfa">Urfa</a> women's, Urfa youth, <a href="/wiki/Palu_(District),_Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Palu (District), Elazığ">Palu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeitun_Resistance_(1915)" title="Zeitun Resistance (1915)">Zeitun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilis" title="Kilis">Kilis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birecik" title="Birecik">Berejik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musa_Dagh" title="Musa Dagh">Musa Ler</a> and Garmouj compatriotic unions. </p><p>Other notable community structures in Aleppo include: </p> <ul><li>The National Cemetery, opened in 1927 on a state-owned piece of land. It became the property of the prelacy after the independence of Syria in 1946. The chapel of Surp Hripsimé stands at the centre of the cemetery since 1970.</li> <li>Avetis Aharonian theatre hall of the Armenian Prelacy, opened in 1959, renovated and renamed in 1989 (450 seats)</li> <li>Zavarian theatre hall of the Armenian Prelacy, opened in 1965, renovated in 2002 (350 seats)</li> <li>Kevork Nazarian theatre hall of <a href="/wiki/AGBU" class="mw-redirect" title="AGBU">AGBU</a>, renovated and renamed in the mid-1990s (550 seats)</li> <li>Zohrab Kaprielian theatre hall of Grtasirats Cultural Association, opened in 1973, renovated and renamed in 1999 (600 seats)</li> <li>Kevork Yesayan theatre hall of the Armenian Prelacy, opened in 2005 (700 seats)</li> <li>Zarehian Treasury, opened in 1991 in the 15th-century building of the former Holy Mother of God church, near Forty Martyrs Cathedral. More than 650 valuable pieces are exhibited in the museum.</li> <li>Vergin Gulbenkian Hospital</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Needs update about current linguistic composition.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Original Armenians of Syria, known as <i>al-arman al-qidam</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the old Armenians</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) traditionally spoke <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>. With the arrival of more Armenians following the genocide, the linguistic composition of Syrian Armenians became more diverse, as one could hear the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_dialects" title="Armenian dialects">Armenian dialect</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zeytun" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeytun">Zeytun</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_dialects" title="Turkish dialects">Turkish dialects</a> of Marash and Aintab in the courtyard of a church at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the Armenian Genocide, many of the Armenians that arrived in Syria did not speak Western Armenian. Many spoke Turkish, or would speak their own dialects of Western Armenia from Eastern Anatolia. This would gradually change as Armenians established themselves throughout Syria (and by extension Lebanon). Schools and churches were built in areas of Armenian settlement, and because of that the newer generations of Armenians (those who fully grew up in Syria) were taught the standardized (modern) version of Western Armenian.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Genocide_memorial_in_Aleppo_Syria_at_the_Armenian_church_40_martyrs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Armenian_Genocide_memorial_in_Aleppo_Syria_at_the_Armenian_church_40_martyrs.jpg/220px-Armenian_Genocide_memorial_in_Aleppo_Syria_at_the_Armenian_church_40_martyrs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Armenian_Genocide_memorial_in_Aleppo_Syria_at_the_Armenian_church_40_martyrs.jpg/330px-Armenian_Genocide_memorial_in_Aleppo_Syria_at_the_Armenian_church_40_martyrs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Armenian_Genocide_memorial_in_Aleppo_Syria_at_the_Armenian_church_40_martyrs.jpg/440px-Armenian_Genocide_memorial_in_Aleppo_Syria_at_the_Armenian_church_40_martyrs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Genocide memorial at the Forty Martyrs Cathedral, Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <p>Armenians in Syria are mainly followers of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>, with a minority of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Armenian Evangelicals</a>. The Church has a very important role in unifying Armenians in Syria. </p><p>After 301 AD, when Christianity became the official state religion of Armenia and its population, Aleppo became an important centre for the Armenian pilgrims on their way to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Yet, not considered an organized community in the city, Armenian presence was notably enlarged in Aleppo, during the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a> (12th century), when a considerable number of Armenian families and merchants settled in the city creating their own businesses, residencies, and gradually schools, churches and prelacy. The Armenian church of the Forty Martyrs in Aleppo was mentioned for the first time in 1476. In 1624, as a result of the growing number of Armenian residents and pilgrims, the Armenian prelacy started to build a quarter near the church which kept its original name <i>Hokedoun</i> (Spiritual House), up to now. It was designated to serve as a settlement for the Armenian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apostolic_Armenians">Apostolic Armenians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Apostolic Armenians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God,_Aleppo,_2010_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Armenian_Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg/220px-Armenian_Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Armenian_Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg/330px-Armenian_Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Armenian_Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg/440px-Armenian_Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1343" /></a><figcaption>Church of the Holy Mother of God in Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_in_Der_Zor,_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_in_Der_Zor%2C_Syria.jpg/220px-Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_in_Der_Zor%2C_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_in_Der_Zor%2C_Syria.jpg/330px-Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_in_Der_Zor%2C_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_in_Der_Zor%2C_Syria.jpg/440px-Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_in_Der_Zor%2C_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2254" /></a><figcaption>Armenian Genocide Martyrs' Memorial Church of <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surp_Sarkis_Armenian_church_Damascus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Surp_Sarkis_Armenian_church_Damascus.jpg/220px-Surp_Sarkis_Armenian_church_Damascus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Surp_Sarkis_Armenian_church_Damascus.jpg/330px-Surp_Sarkis_Armenian_church_Damascus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Surp_Sarkis_Armenian_church_Damascus.jpg/440px-Surp_Sarkis_Armenian_church_Damascus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4238" data-file-height="2798" /></a><figcaption>Surp Sarkis Cathedral in Damascus</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of Armenians of the Armenian Apostolic (also known as Oriental Orthodox Armenian) faith are under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See_of_Cilicia" title="Holy See of Cilicia">Holy See of Cilicia</a> (based in <a href="/wiki/Antelias" title="Antelias">Antelias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>. However, the Diocese of Damascus pledges allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Mother_See_of_Holy_Etchmiadzin" title="Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin">Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin</a>. </p><p>The Apostolic Armenian population in Syria belongs to one of the 3 following prelacies: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Diocese_of_Beroea" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Diocese of Beroea">Diocese of Beroea</a> (in Aleppo), was founded in 1432 by the Great House of Cilicia. Hovakim of Beroea became the first bishop of Aleppo between 1432 and 1442. The estimated population of the diocese all over Syria is about 70,000 Armenians.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in Syria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_Cathedral" title="Forty Martyrs Cathedral">Forty Martyrs Cathedral</a> of Aleppo (1491)</li> <li>Surp Krikor Lusavorich (Saint Gregory the Illuminator) Church of Aleppo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surp_Hagop_Church" title="Surp Hagop Church">Surp Hagop Church</a> of Aleppo (1943)</li> <li>Surp Kevork Church of Aleppo (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God_(Aleppo)" title="Church of the Holy Mother of God (Aleppo)">Church of the Holy Mother of God</a> of Aleppo (1983)</li> <li>Surp Hripsime Church of <a href="/wiki/Yacoubiyah,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Yacoubiyah, Syria">Yacoubiyah</a> village</li> <li>Surp Anna Church of Yacoubiyah village</li> <li>Holy Mother of God Church of Latakia</li> <li>Holy Mother of God Church of Kessab</li> <li>Holy Mother of God Church of Karadouran, Kessab</li> <li>Surp Stepanos Church of Karadouran, Kessab</li> <li>Surp Kevork Armenian Church of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghnemiyeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghnemiyeh (page does not exist)">Ghnemiyeh</a> village</li> <li>Surp Stepanos Church of <a href="/wiki/Aramo,_Syria" title="Aramo, Syria">Aramo</a> village</li> <li>Holy Cross Church of <a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad" title="Tell Abyad">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_Church,_Der_Zor" title="Armenian Genocide Memorial Church, Der Zor">Armenian Genocide Martyrs' Memorial Church-Complex</a> of <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a></li> <li>Holy Resurrection Chapel of Margadeh village</li></ul></li> <li>Diocese of Jezireh (in Qamishli) under the jurisdiction of the Great House of Cilicia. The prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in Syria: <ul><li>Surp Hagop Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a></li> <li>Surp Hovhannu Garabed Church in <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li>Holy Mother of God Church in <a href="/wiki/Al-Malikiyah" title="Al-Malikiyah">Al-Malikiyah</a> (formerly <i>Dayrik</i>)</li> <li>Holy Mother of God Church in <a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ayn,_al-Hasakah_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al-Ayn, al-Hasakah Governorate">Ras al-Ayn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Diocese_of_Damascus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenian Diocese of Damascus (page does not exist)">Diocese of Damascus</a> under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Mother_See_of_Holy_Etchmiadzin" title="Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin">Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin</a>. The prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in Syria: <ul><li>Surp Sarkis Cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li>Surp Mesrob Mashdots Church of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic_Armenians">Catholic Armenians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Catholic Armenians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Cross_Church,_Aleppo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Holy_Cross_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/220px-Holy_Cross_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Holy_Cross_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/330px-Holy_Cross_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Holy_Cross_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/440px-Holy_Cross_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Holy Cross Armenian Catholic church, Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Saviour_Alp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Holy_Saviour_Alp.jpg/220px-Holy_Saviour_Alp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Holy_Saviour_Alp.jpg/330px-Holy_Saviour_Alp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Holy_Saviour_Alp.jpg/440px-Holy_Saviour_Alp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3193" data-file-height="2306" /></a><figcaption>Holy Saviour – Saint Barbara Armenian Catholic Church, Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <p>Catholic Armenians are members of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a>. The Catholic Armenian population in Syria belongs to one of the 4 following prelacies under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia">Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Aleppo" title="Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo">Archeparchy of Aleppo</a>: the first official Armenian Catholic Prelate in Aleppo was <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Petros_I_Ardzivian" title="Abraham Petros I Ardzivian">Bishop Abraham Ardzivian</a> (1710–1740). In 1740, he became the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_Catholic_Patriarchs_of_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Armenian Catholic Patriarchs of Cilicia">Armenian Catholic Catholicos-Patriarch of Cilicia</a>, appointed by Pope <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XIV">Benedict XIV</a> in 1742 in Lebanon. Currently, the number of the Catholic believers of the Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo is approximately 15,000. The prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in Syria: <ul><li>Cathedral of Our Mother of Reliefs of Aleppo (1840)</li> <li>Holy Saviour – Saint Barbara Church of Aleppo (1937)</li> <li>Church of Our Lady of Annunciation of Aleppo (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church_(Aleppo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity Church (Aleppo)">Holy Trinity Church</a> of Aleppo (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Church_(Aleppo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Cross Church (Aleppo)">Holy Cross Church</a> of Aleppo (1993)</li> <li>Holy Mother of God – Martyrs Church of Raqqa</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Damascus" title="Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Damascus">Patriarchal Exarchate of Damascus</a>: the Armenian Catholic community in Damascus was organized in 1763 during the period of Catholicos <a href="/wiki/Michael_Petros_III_Kasparian" title="Michael Petros III Kasparian">Michael Petros III Kasparian</a>. In 1863, the first Armenian Catholic church in Damascus was consecrated. The ground-breaking of the new church and the prelacy building in Bab Touma district took place in 1959. In 1969, the first Armenian Catholic bishop in Damascus was appointed. Since 1984, the Armenian Catholic bishop carries the title of Patriarchal exarchate. The prelacy has the following church building under its jurisdiction in Syria: <ul><li>Notre-Dame Cathedral of the Universe of Damascus</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Qamishli" title="Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Qamishli">Eparchy of Qamishli</a>: covers the eastern regions of Syria (Al-Jazira, Upper Mesopotamia) including the governorates of Al-Hasakah and Deir ez-Zor. The prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in Syria: <ul><li>Saint Joseph Cathedral of Qamishli</li> <li>Holy Family Church of Al-Hasakah</li> <li>Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church of Deir ez-Zor</li></ul></li> <li>Diocese of Kessab: covers the Catholic Armenian population in the <a href="/wiki/Latakia_Governorate" title="Latakia Governorate">Latakia Governorate</a>. The prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in Syria: <ul><li>Saint Michael the Archangel Church of Kessab</li> <li>Church of Our Lady of Assumption of Baghjaghaz, Kessab</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The Armenian Catholic Church has 2 Convents in Syria: </p> <ul><li>The convent of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Congregation of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception Sisters</a> in Aleppo</li> <li>The convent of <a href="/wiki/Mechitarists" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechitarists">Mekhitarist</a> Fathers in Aleppo</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evangelical_Armenians">Evangelical Armenians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Evangelical Armenians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Trinity_Armenian_Evangelical_Church_of_Kessab,_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Holy_Trinity_Armenian_Evangelical_Church_of_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg/220px-Holy_Trinity_Armenian_Evangelical_Church_of_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Holy_Trinity_Armenian_Evangelical_Church_of_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg/330px-Holy_Trinity_Armenian_Evangelical_Church_of_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Holy_Trinity_Armenian_Evangelical_Church_of_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg/440px-Holy_Trinity_Armenian_Evangelical_Church_of_Kessab%2C_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>The Holy Trinity Armenian Evangelical Church of Kessab</figcaption></figure> <p>Armenian Evangelicals (also known as Armenian Protestants), belong to <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Armenian_Evangelical_Churches_in_the_Near_East" title="Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East">Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Armenian Evangelical Church</a>. </p> <ul><li>The Armenian Evangelical community in Syria has the following church buildings: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Emmanuel_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Evangelical Emmanuel Church">Emmanuel Church</a> of Aleppo</li> <li>Bethel Church of Aleppo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Martyrs%27_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Evangelical Martyrs' Church">Martyrs' Church</a> of Aleppo</li> <li>Church of Christ of Aleppo</li> <li>Holy Trinity Church of Kessab</li> <li>Emmanuel Church of Ekizolukh, Kessab</li> <li>The Armenian Evangelical Church of Keorkeuna, Kessab</li> <li>The Armenian Evangelical Church of Karadouran, Kessab</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karen_Jeppe_Armenian_High_School,_Aleppo,_in_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karen_Jeppe_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_in_1973.jpg/220px-Karen_Jeppe_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_in_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karen_Jeppe_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_in_1973.jpg/330px-Karen_Jeppe_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_in_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karen_Jeppe_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_in_1973.jpg/440px-Karen_Jeppe_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_in_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Karen Jeppe Armenian College of Aleppo in 1973</figcaption></figure> <p>The education is an important factor in maintaining Armenian language and patriotism among the Armenian community in Syria. Aleppo as the main host of the community, is a center of Armenian long-running schools and cultural institutions. Armenian students who graduate from those community schools, can immediately enter the Syrian university system, after passing the official Thanawiya 'Amma (High School baccalaureate) exams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_schools_in_Aleppo">Armenian schools in Aleppo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Armenian schools in Aleppo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 9 schools operate in Aleppo including 4 secondary education schools (high schools): </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Jeppe_Armenian_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Jeppe Armenian High School (page does not exist)">Karen Jeppe Armenian High School</a>, the first Armenian secondary school in Aleppo. It was opened in 1947 on a piece of land in Meydan quarter transferred to the Armenian Prelacy by the will of the Danish philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Karen_Jeppe" title="Karen Jeppe">Karen Jeppe</a>. The school was founded by the initiative of then-bishop <a href="/wiki/Zareh_I" title="Zareh I">Zareh Payaslian</a> (the future Catholicos Zareh I of the Holy See of Cilicia). The school building has been expanded gradually in 1966, 1973 and 1986. Nowadays, the college has more than 1,100 mixed students with only secondary section of six grades. The school is operating under the direct administration of the Armenian prelacy of Aleppo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGBU" class="mw-redirect" title="AGBU">AGBU</a> Lazar Najarian-Calouste Gulbenkian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Central_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenian Central High School (page does not exist)">Armenian Central High School</a>, was founded as Lazar Najarian Central School in 1954 by the efforts of the Armenian General Benevolent Union. It was turned into a high school with a secondary section in 1959 and renamed as Lazar Najarian-Calouste Gulbenkian Central High School. The elementary and the secondary sections are located in two adjacent buildings, while the kindergarten has its own newly erected building. The school has more than 1,500 mixed students and is operating under the administration of the Syrian Regional Central Committee of the Armenian General Benevolent Union. The school has its own theatre hall named after its benefactor "Kevork Hagop Nazarian".</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cilician_Armenian_High_School,_Aleppo,_the_elementery_section_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cilician_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_the_elementery_section_%282%29.jpg/270px-Cilician_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_the_elementery_section_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cilician_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_the_elementery_section_%282%29.jpg/405px-Cilician_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_the_elementery_section_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cilician_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_the_elementery_section_%282%29.jpg/540px-Cilician_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_the_elementery_section_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Cilician School, the elementary section</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Armenian_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cilician Armenian High School (page does not exist)">Cilician Armenian High School</a>, a 12 grade mixed high school founded in 1921. It has three sections: nursery, elementary and secondary, each of them has its own separate building located along the Sissi alley of the old Christian quarter of Jdeydeh. At the beginning, the school was founded in 1921 as Cilician Refugees School by the efforts of the Cilician Relief Association. In 1930, it was renamed Cilician School and subsequently; Cilician High School after the foundation of the secondary section in 1960. The Cilician School is operating under the administration of Cilician Cultural Association with more than 450 mixed students.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grtasirats_Armenian_High_School,_Aleppo,_2010_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Grtasirats_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg/220px-Grtasirats_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Grtasirats_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg/330px-Grtasirats_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Grtasirats_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg/440px-Grtasirats_Armenian_High_School%2C_Aleppo%2C_2010_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1046" /></a><figcaption>Grtasirats High School</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grtasirats_Armenian_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grtasirats Armenian High School (page does not exist)">Grtasirats Armenian High School</a>, founded in 1924 as Aintab's Grtasirats Mixed School through the efforts of "Aintab's Grtasirats Association". Up to 1974, the school was operating in the old Christian quarter near Jdeydeh, when it was moved to a new modern building in Sulaimaniyah district. It has a kindergarten, an elementary section, and since 2004; a secondary section. The school is under the administration of Grtasirats Cultural Association, and has more than 300 mixed students. Adjacent to the school, the Armenian church of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God_(Aleppo)" title="Church of the Holy Mother of God (Aleppo)">Holy Mother of God</a> was opened in 1983. The school has its own "Zohrab Kaprielian" theatre hall, one of the largest ones in Aleppo.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekhitarist_School_of_Aleppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekhitarist School of Aleppo (page does not exist)">Mekhitarist School of Aleppo</a>, founded in 1936 as an Armenian Catholic primary education school. Later, it became a 9-grade school with primary and preparatory sections. During the 2000s, it was turned into a high school with 12 grades.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haygazian_Armenian_School,_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%281%29.jpg/170px-Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%281%29.jpg/255px-Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%281%29.jpg/340px-Haygazian_Armenian_School%2C_Aleppo_Armenian_Quarter_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Haygazian Primary School</figcaption></figure> <p>Other elementary schools in Aleppo under the administration of the prelacy: </p> <ul><li>Haygazian Primary School, established in 1919. the school is considered to be the continuation of the "Tebradoun" (est. in 1876) and the Nersessian School. Located within the complex of the Forty Martyrs Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Al-Jdayde" title="Al-Jdayde">Jdeydeh</a> quarter, the school has a six-years mixed elementary section with more than 800 students. The kindergarten is operating in the Meydan quarter. The school has a theatre hall named after <a href="/wiki/Avetis_Aharonian" title="Avetis Aharonian">Avetis Aharonian</a>. During the war in 2012, students were not able to attend Haygazian Primary School's building because of the location of the building. Previously, the school was located in <a href="/wiki/Beit_Ghazaleh" title="Beit Ghazaleh">Beit Ghazaleh</a> an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period mansion.</li> <li>Zavarian Primary School, founded as Nersessian School in 1925 with a centre adult orphans. On 15 August 1936, the two sections have been merged in one building in the Meydan quarter. The new school, along with its theatre hall were renamed after <a href="/wiki/Simon_Zavarian" title="Simon Zavarian">Simon Zavarian</a>. The building was totally renovated in 1965. Nowadays, it has a six-years mixed elementary section and a kindergarten. The total number of the students is more than 450.</li> <li>Sahakian Primary School, founded in 1927 by the donation of the Armenian diaspora of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. It was named after Catholicos <a href="/wiki/Sahak_II_of_Cilicia" title="Sahak II of Cilicia">Sahak II Khabayan</a> of the Holy See of Cilicia. It is located in the Meydan quarter since 1932 within the complex of Saint Gregory Armenian church. The school was expanded in 1962 with the erection of a new building. Nowadays, the school has a six-years mixed elementary section and a kindergarten with more than 850 the student.</li> <li>Gulbenkian Primary School, founded on 22 September 1930 as Boghos Gulbenkian school by the donation of the Armenian benefactor <i>Nerses Gulbenkian</i> from <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. Up to 1996, the school was operating in a small building located in a narrow street in the Sulaimaniyah district. On 13 June 1997, the new modern building of the school was inaugurated in Suleimaniyeh area with the presence of Catholicos <a href="/wiki/Aram_I" title="Aram I">Aram I</a>. Currently, the school has a six-years elementary section and a kindergarten with more than 500 mixed students. The school has its own "Kevork Yesayan" theatre hall.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_to_Marash_victims_at_Surp_Kevork_(Siant_George)_Armenian_Church,_Aleppo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Monument_to_Marash_victims_at_Surp_Kevork_%28Siant_George%29_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/220px-Monument_to_Marash_victims_at_Surp_Kevork_%28Siant_George%29_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Monument_to_Marash_victims_at_Surp_Kevork_%28Siant_George%29_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/330px-Monument_to_Marash_victims_at_Surp_Kevork_%28Siant_George%29_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Monument_to_Marash_victims_at_Surp_Kevork_%28Siant_George%29_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg/440px-Monument_to_Marash_victims_at_Surp_Kevork_%28Siant_George%29_Armenian_Church%2C_Aleppo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the Armenian victims of Marash in 1920, Surp Kevork Church, <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defunct_schools">Defunct schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Defunct schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many schools were closed mainly due to the "Armenian Repatriation Process" to Soviet Armenia, between 1946 and 1967:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Mesropian Primary School (1923–2011): was a six-year elementary school opened in the Armenian refuge camp of Ram of Suleimaniyeh district in 1923, being known as the <i>Camp's Mesropian Mixed School</i>. In 1936, it was relocated to the Armenian-populated Meydan quarter as part of the proposed Surp Kevork Church complex (eventually consecrated in 1965). The nursery section of the school was operating in a small building adjacent to the Surp Kevork church. In 2003, the total number of the students of the mixed school was 200. Finally, in 2011 the school was closed just after the break-up of the Syrian Civil War.</li> <li>Armenian Primary School (1923–1979): was located in the Sheikh Maqsoud district</li> <li>Aramian Primary School (1930–1977): was located in the Assyrian district</li> <li>Vartanian Primary School (1936–1980): was located in the Ashrafiyeh district</li> <li>Kermanigian Primary School (1937–1974)</li> <li>Ousumnasirats-Levonian Primary School (1945–1964)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_schools_in_other_Syrian_regions">Armenian schools in other Syrian regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Armenian schools in other Syrian regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yeprad (Euphrates) High School, <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a>, founded in 1932 and has 9 grades since 1962. Currently, it has more than 900 students.</li> <li>Azadutyun (Liberty) Primary School, <a href="/wiki/Al-Malikiyah" title="Al-Malikiyah">Al-Malikiyah</a> (Dayrik)</li> <li>Mesrobian School, Al-Hasakah</li> <li>Nahadagats (Martyrs') Primary School, <a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ayn,_al-Hasakah_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al-Ayn, al-Hasakah Governorate">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li>Khorenian Primary School, Tell Abyad</li> <li>Noubarian Primary School, Raqqa</li> <li>Veradzenount (Rebirth) Primary School, Yacoubiyah</li> <li>Nahadagats (Martyrs') Primary School, Latakia</li> <li>Osumnasirats Miyatsyal High School, Kessab</li> <li>Tarkmanchats (Holy Translators) High School, Damascus</li> <li>Ousumnasirats Primary School, Damascus</li> <li>AGBU Gyullabi Gulbenkian Primary School, Damascus</li> <li>Sahakian Primary School, Homs</li></ul> <p>Defunct schools: </p> <ul><li>Mesropian Primary School, <a href="/wiki/Jarabulus" title="Jarabulus">Jarabulus</a> (1933–1944)</li> <li>AGBU Vartanian Primary School, Jarabulus (1935–1944)</li> <li>Khrimian Primary School, <a href="/wiki/Ayn_al-Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayn al-Arab">Ayn al-Arab</a> (1927–1962)</li> <li>AGBU Avedis Sarafian Primary School, Ayn al-Arab (1950–1975)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Integration_of_the_Armenian_communities_in_Syria">Integration of the Armenian communities in Syria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Integration of the Armenian communities in Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_life">Political life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Political life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian Armenians were integrated in the political life since the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman rule over Syria</a>. Like other religious communities, the Syrian community organized its own affairs under the <a href="/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Millet (Ottoman Empire)">millet</a> system, including affairs such as education, social services, and even some of their laws. The millet governed internal disputes such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and tax collection and spending. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Artin_Bo%C5%9Fgezenyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Artin Boşgezenyan">Artin Boşgezenyan</a> was a deputy for Aleppo in the first (1908–1912), second (April–August 1912) and third (1914–1918) Ottoman Parliaments of the Constitutional Era.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the establishment of the Syrian state, <a href="/wiki/Hrant_Maloyan" title="Hrant Maloyan">Hrant Maloyan</a> an Armenian General officer from <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%9F" title="Muş">Muş</a> had served as the head of Syrian Security Forces during the 1940s and 1950s. On the other hand, another Armenian military General officer from Ayntab; <a href="/wiki/Aram_Karamanoukian" title="Aram Karamanoukian">Aram Karamanoukian</a> had become the artillery commander of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> during the same period. </p><p>Armenians have had almost continuous representation in the Syrian Parliament from 1928 onwards. The Armenian-Syrian members of Parliament were (in chronological order) Mihran Puzantian, Fathalla Asioun, Nicolas Djandjigian, Movses Der Kalousdian (later on also MP in the Lebanese Parliament), Hratch Papazian, Henri Hendieh (Balabanian), Hrant Sulahian, Bedros Milletbashian, Ardashes Boghigian, Nazaret Yacoubian, Movses Salatian, Dikran Tcheradjian, Fred Arslanian, Abdallah Fattal, Louis Hendieh, Krikor Eblighatian, Aram Karamanougian, Roupen Dirarian, Levon Ghazal, Simon Ibrahim Librarian and Sunbul Sunbulian (until 2012). As a result of the 2012 parliamental elections, currently the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Council_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Council of Syria">People's Council of Syria</a> did not have any Armenian member. But in the elections of July 2020, three Armenians were elected to the Syrian Parliament, Jirayr Reyissian, Lucy Iskenian and Nora Arissian.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Syria)" title="Council of Ministers (Syria)">Cabinet of Syria</a> has one Armenian member after Nazira Farah Sarkis has been named as State Minister for Environment Affairs in June 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Prelacy1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Armenian_Prelacy1.jpg/220px-Armenian_Prelacy1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Armenian_Prelacy1.jpg/330px-Armenian_Prelacy1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Armenian_Prelacy1.jpg/440px-Armenian_Prelacy1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>The Armenian Prelacy in Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <p>Syria has a rich tradition of media and publications in Armenian language. Armenian dailies -currently defunct- had a great run at the beginning of the 20th century. The daily <i>Hye Tsayn</i> (1918–1919), one-every-two-days <i>Darakir</i> (1918–1919) and <i>Yeprad</i> (1919) were among the first published newspapers. </p><p>A stream of publications followed in the 1920s and 1930s: <i>Souriagan Sourhantag</i> (1919–1922), <i>Souriagan Mamul</i> (<i>Syrian Press</i>, 1922–1927), the dailies <i>Yeprad</i> (1927–1947), <i>Souria</i> (1946–1960) and <i>Arevelk</i> (1946–1963). The latter had also its annual yearbook. <i>Arevelk</i> had also published 1956 its youth supplement <i>Vahakn</i> (1956–1963) and its sports supplement <i>Arevelk Marzashkharh</i> (1957–1963). </p><p>Monthly papers included <i><a href="/wiki/Nayiri_(periodical)" title="Nayiri (periodical)">Nayiri</a></i> (1941–1949) published by <a href="/wiki/Antranig_Dzarugian" title="Antranig Dzarugian">Antranig Dzarugian</a>, and <i>Purasdan</i> youth publication (1950–1958). </p><p>Yearbooks include <i>Souriahye Daretsuyts</i> (1924–1926), <i>Datev</i> (1925–1930), <i>Souriagan Albom</i> (1927–1929), <i>Daron</i> (1949), <i>Hye Darekirk</i> (1956) and <i>Keghart</i> (since 1975). </p><p>Currently, <i>Kantsasar</i> weekly is the official organ of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Diocese_of_Beroea" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Diocese of Beroea">Armenian Diocese of Beroea</a> in Aleppo. It was first published as <i>Oshagan</i> in 1978 and was renamed <i>Kantsasar</i> in 1991. </p><p>Syrian publishers have a great contribution in translating several Armenian literature and academic studies into <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>. It is noteworthy that the first ever Arabic language newspaper was published by the Aleppine Armenian journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rizqallah_Hassoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rizqallah Hassoun (page does not exist)">Rizqallah Asdvadzadur Hassoun</a> in 1855 in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Yarmouk_2011_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Al-Yarmouk_2011_b.jpg/220px-Al-Yarmouk_2011_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Al-Yarmouk_2011_b.jpg/330px-Al-Yarmouk_2011_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Al-Yarmouk_2011_b.jpg/440px-Al-Yarmouk_2011_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption>The football team of al-Yarmouk (Homenetmen)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Yarmouk_SC_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yarmouk SC Aleppo">Al-Yarmouk</a> (formerly Homenetmen Aleppo) and <a href="/wiki/Ouroube_SC_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouroube SC Aleppo">Ouroube</a> (formerly al-Ahd al-Jadid) are Syrian-Armenian sports clubs based in Aleppo. Being among the oldest sporting clubs in Syria, al-Yarmouk and Ouroube have several teams participating in different Syrian National competitions including <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> (men and women), <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> and other individual sports. The clubs have their own training grounds in the city of Aleppo. </p><p>During the first half of the 1940s and 1950s, many Armenian players had represented the Syrian football on the national level including Ardavazt Marutian and Kevork Gerboyan. The former player and trainer Avedis Kavlakian of the 1960s was selected by the Syrian press as the best Syrian footballer of the 20th century. <a href="/wiki/Kevork_Mardikian" title="Kevork Mardikian">Kevork Mardikian</a> from Latakia is a prominent football trainer and one of the best Syrian footballers during the 1970s and 1980s. Nowadays, his son <a href="/wiki/Mardik_Mardikian" title="Mardik Mardikian">Mardik Mardikian</a> is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Syria_national_football_team" title="Syria national football team">Syria national football team</a>. </p><p>In basketball, Mary Mouradian, Ani Karalian, Elisabeth Mouradian and Magi Donabedian were members of the Syria women's national team during the 1980s and 1990s. Sari Papazian and Vatche Nalbandian from Aleppo are current members of the Syria men's national basketball team. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music,_arts_and_drama"><span id="Music.2C_arts_and_drama"></span>Music, arts and drama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Music, arts and drama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Armenians from Syria had achieved national and international fame in the spheres of music and drama. Salloum Haddad from the Armenian village of <a href="/wiki/Yacoubiyah,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Yacoubiyah, Syria">Yacoubiyah</a> is a famous contemporary actor in Syrian and Arab drama. Ruba al-Jamal (died in 2005) was a prominent classical Arabic songs performer born as Dzovinar Garabedian. Many other Syrian-Armenian singers and musicians became renowned artists among Armenians around the world like <a href="/wiki/George_Tutunjian" title="George Tutunjian">George Tutunjian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnig_Sarkissian" title="Karnig Sarkissian">Karnig Sarkissian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Baghdadlian" title="Paul Baghdadlian">Paul Baghdadlian</a>, Setrag Ovigian, <a href="/wiki/Arsen_Grigoryan_(Mro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsen Grigoryan (Mro)">Arsen Grigoryan</a> (Mro), Karno and <a href="/wiki/Raffi_Ohanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Raffi Ohanian">Raffi Ohanian</a>. Many others have achieved international fame including <a href="/wiki/Aram_Tigran" title="Aram Tigran">Aram Tigran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haig_Yazdjian" title="Haig Yazdjian">Haig Yazdjian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avraam_Russo" title="Avraam Russo">Avraam Russo</a>, Wadi' Mrad, Talar Dekrmanjian and <a href="/wiki/Lena_Chamamyan" title="Lena Chamamyan">Lena Chamamyan</a>. The conductor of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Syrian National Symphony Orchestra">Syrian National Symphony Orchestra</a> is <a href="/wiki/Missak_Baghboudarian" title="Missak Baghboudarian">Missak Baghboudarian</a> from Damascus. </p><p>Armenian theatres in Aleppo include: </p> <ul><li>Antranig Theatre Group of the Nor Serount Cultural Association</li> <li>Bedros Atamian Theatre Group of the Armenian Youth Association</li> <li>Zavarian Theatre Group of the Hamazkayin Cultural and Educational Association</li> <li>Levon Shant Theatre Group of the Hamazkayin Cultural and Educational Association</li> <li>Kermanig-Vasbouragan Theatre Group of the Kermanig-Vasbouragan Cultural Association</li> <li>Vartan Ajemian Theatre Group of the Grtasirats Cultural Association</li></ul> <p>Armenian musical ensembles in Aleppo include: </p> <ul><li>Zvartnots Choir of the Hamazkayin Cultural and Educational Association</li> <li>Alexander Spendiaryan Choir of the Armenian Youth Association</li> <li>"Big Band" musical group of the Armenian Youth Association</li> <li>Gomidas Chamber Orchestra of the Armenian Youth Association</li> <li>Meghri Children's Choir of the Hamazkayin Cultural and Educational Association</li></ul> <p>Armenian dance groups in Aleppo include: </p> <ul><li>Nor Serount Dance Group of the Nor Serount Cultural Association</li> <li>Sartarabad Dance Group of the Hamazkayin Cultural and Educational Association</li> <li>Jirayr Dance Group</li> <li>Antranig Dance Group of the Armenian Youth Association</li> <li>Uno Dance Group</li> <li>Shushi Children's Dance Group of the Hamazkayin Cultural and Educational Association</li></ul> <p>Armenian art academies in Aleppo include: </p> <ul><li>Martiros Saryan Painting Academy of the Armenian Youth Association</li> <li>Arshile Gorky Painting Academy of the Hamazkayin Cultural and Educational Association</li> <li>Aram Khachaturian Musical Academy of the Armenian Youth Association</li> <li>Barsegh Kanachyan Musical Academy of the Hamazkayin Cultural and Educational Association</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_sciences">Medical sciences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Medical sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jebejian_hospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jebejian_hospital.jpg/220px-Jebejian_hospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jebejian_hospital.jpg/330px-Jebejian_hospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jebejian_hospital.jpg/440px-Jebejian_hospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2831" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption>Robert Jebejian Ophthalmological Hospital in Aleppo, founded in 1952</figcaption></figure> <p>Armenians were among the pioneers of modern medical sciences in Syria. The first <a href="/wiki/X-ray_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="X-ray generator">X-ray generator</a> in Syria and Lebanon was brought by Dr. Asadour Altunian (1857–1950) to Aleppo in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Altunian opened the first-ever private hospital in Aleppo in 1927. Later, he founded the first nursing school in Aleppo and Syria. After his death in 1950, Dr. Asadour Altunian was honoured by the government of Syria with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Civil_Merit_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Civil Merit (Syria)">Honour Medal of Syrian Merit</a> of the Excellent Degree.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ophthalmology, Dr. Robert Jebejian (1909–2001) was among the first ophthalmologists in Syria. He founded the first-ever private ophthalmological hospital in Aleppo in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Jebejian had published many valuable researches about <a href="/wiki/Leishmaniasis" title="Leishmaniasis">leishmaniasis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trachoma" title="Trachoma">trachoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, Dr. Jebejian performed the first-ever <a href="/wiki/Corneal_transplantation" title="Corneal transplantation">corneal transplantation</a> surgery in the Middle East and the Arab World.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persecution_during_the_Syrian_Civil_War">Persecution during the Syrian Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Persecution during the Syrian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of November 2014, only 23 Armenian and Assyrian Christian families remain in the city of <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>. Christian bibles and holy books have reportedly been burned by ISIS militants.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syrian-Armenian_Relations">Syrian-Armenian Relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Syrian-Armenian Relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deir_ez-Zor_and_the_Armenian_genocide">Deir ez-Zor and the Armenian genocide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Deir ez-Zor and the Armenian genocide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_camps" title="Deir ez-Zor camps">Deir ez-Zor camps</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margadeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Margadeh.jpg/220px-Margadeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Margadeh.jpg/330px-Margadeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Margadeh.jpg/440px-Margadeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption>Pilgrims commemorating the 94th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">genocide</a> in Margadeh</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1915, the Syrian region of <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a>, mainly a desert became a final destination of the Armenians during <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> where they were killed. A memorial complex commemorating this tragedy was opened in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designed by Sarkis Balmanoukian and was officially inaugurated in 1990 with the presence of the Armenian Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia. The complex contains bones and remnants recovered from the Deir ez-Zor desert of Armenian victims of the Genocide and has become a pilgrim destination for many Armenians in remembrance of their dead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kessab,_Syrian_town_with_an_Armenian_majority"><span id="Kessab.2C_Syrian_town_with_an_Armenian_majority"></span>Kessab, Syrian town with an Armenian majority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Kessab, Syrian town with an Armenian majority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kesab_gen._view_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kesab_gen._view_2010.jpg/220px-Kesab_gen._view_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kesab_gen._view_2010.jpg/330px-Kesab_gen._view_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kesab_gen._view_2010.jpg/440px-Kesab_gen._view_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kessab" title="Kessab">Kessab</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kessab" title="Kessab">Kessab</a> (Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كسب</span>, Armenian: <span lang="hy">Քեսապ</span> <i>K'yesap</i>) is a Syrian border town located in the <a href="/wiki/Latakia_Governorate" title="Latakia Governorate">Latakia Governorate</a> northwest of Syria at a height of 800 meters above sea level just 3 kilometers away from the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> border, and 9 kilometers from the Mediterranean sea. </p><p>Kessab is an ancient Armenian town, over 1000 years old. Today, The population of the town and the surrounding villages is mainly Armenian<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a minority of Syrian Arab. </p><p>Kessab is a summer tourist resort and a very popular destination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_between_Armenia_and_Syria">Relations between Armenia and Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Relations between Armenia and Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Armenia–Syria relations">Armenia–Syria relations</a></div> <p>The Armenian embassy of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> (since 1992), was the first Armenian embassy opened abroad after the independence of Armenia. The official visit of the newly elected Armenian president <a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrossian" class="mw-redirect" title="Levon Ter-Petrossian">Levon Ter-Petrossian</a> to Syria in 1992, was the first international official visit of an Armenian president after the independence. Since then, the relations between the two countries are developing especially after the creation of a joint economical committee between the two governments and the establishment of co-operation between the commercial chambers of Aleppo and Armenia since 2008. The recent visit of president <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> to Yerevan in June 2009, came to maintain the bilateral relations. </p><p>Armenia has also a consulate general in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> since 28 May 1993. In 1997, the Syrians opened their embassy in <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> which is located on Baghramyan street, few meters away from the presidential palace. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">President of Armenia</a> <a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan" title="Levon Ter-Petrosyan">Levon Ter-Petrosyan</a> was born in Aleppo, Syria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Syrian_Armenians" title="List of Syrian Armenians">List of Syrian Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Armenia–Syria relations">Armenia–Syria relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Diocese_of_Beroea" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Diocese of Beroea">Armenian Diocese of Beroea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessab" title="Kessab">Kessab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacoubiyah,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Yacoubiyah, Syria">Yacoubiyah, Syria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Estimates date before the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> which started in 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-armenianweekly.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-armenianweekly.com_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armenianweekly.com/2015/12/09/surviving-aleppo/">"Surviving Aleppo: An Interview with Nerses Sarkissian"</a>. 9 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surviving+Aleppo%3A+An+Interview+with+Nerses+Sarkissian&rft.date=2015-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmenianweekly.com%2F2015%2F12%2F09%2Fsurviving-aleppo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noravank.am-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noravank.am_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noravank.am_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noravank.am_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noravank.am/eng/issues/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=3702">"Problems of the Armenians of Syria: The Armenian Community of Damascus"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Problems+of+the+Armenians+of+Syria%3A+The+Armenian+Community+of+Damascus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noravank.am%2Feng%2Fissues%2Fdetail.php%3FELEMENT_ID%3D3702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arm._Min._Diaspora-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arm._Min._Diaspora_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arm._Min._Diaspora_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140219123645/http://www.armdiasporamuseum.com/227-1-page.html">"THE VIRTUAL MUSEUM OF ARMENIAN DIASPORA"</a>. Ministry of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Diaspora</a> of Armenia. Archived from the original on 2014-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+VIRTUAL+MUSEUM+OF+ARMENIAN+DIASPORA&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Diaspora+of+Armenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armdiasporamuseum.com%2F227-1-page.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoup-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoup2018" class="citation cs2">Shoup, John A. (2018), "Syria", <i>The History of Syria</i>, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, p. 6, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440858352" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440858352"><bdi>978-1440858352</bdi></a>, <q>Syria has several other ethnic groups, the Kurds... they make up an estimated 9 percent...Turkomen comprise around 4-5 percent of the total population. The rest of the ethnic mix of Syria is made of Assyrians (about 4 percent), Armenians (about 2 percent), and Circassians (about 1 percent).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Syria&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Syria&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1440858352&rft.aulast=Shoup&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_Nations_in_Armenia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-United_Nations_in_Armenia_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-United_Nations_in_Armenia_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.am/en/agency/UNHCR">"United Nations in Armenia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+in+Armenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.am%2Fen%2Fagency%2FUNHCR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lragir.am-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lragir.am_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lragir.am_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lragir.am/index/rus/0/country/view/44311">"В Сирии осталось 15 тысяч армян | Лрагир"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+15+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD+%7C+%D0%9B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lragir.am%2Findex%2Frus%2F0%2Fcountry%2Fview%2F44311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbc.ca-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbc.ca_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbc.ca_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/syrian-refugees-get-warm-welcome-at-armenian-community-centre-1.3361914">"Playgrounds, chocolate Santas, warm hugs welcome Syrian refugees"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. 2016-01-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405052853/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/syrian-refugees-get-warm-welcome-at-armenian-community-centre-1.3361914">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Playgrounds%2C+chocolate+Santas%2C+warm+hugs+welcome+Syrian+refugees&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftoronto%2Fsyrian-refugees-get-warm-welcome-at-armenian-community-centre-1.3361914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.am-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news.am_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.am_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.am/eng/news/175528.html">"Around 10,000 Syrian Armenians moved to Armenia and 8,000 to Lebanon – Shahan Ka"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Around+10%2C000+Syrian+Armenians+moved+to+Armenia+and+8%2C000+to+Lebanon+%E2%80%93+Shahan+Ka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.am%2Feng%2Fnews%2F175528.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060221/http://vesti.az/news/197813">"Господин Попов, про сирийских армян в Карабахе еще доказательства нужны? | Vesti.az | Главные новости Азербайджана | Новости Азербайджана"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vesti.az/news/197813">the original</a> on 2015-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5+%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%3F+%26%23124%3B+Vesti.az+%26%23124%3B+%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%26%23124%3B+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvesti.az%2Fnews%2F197813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jimdo.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jimdo.com_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jimdo.com_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnknown" class="citation web cs1">Unknown, Unknown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140607003643/http://orontes.jimdo.com/2013/10/28/we-won-t-accept-anything-but-wahhabism-in-syria/">"Wahhabi / Takfiri Cleric Smashes a Statue of the Virgin Mary in town of Yakubiyah"</a>. <i>Orontes</i>. jimdo.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orontes.jimdo.com/2013/10/28/we-won-t-accept-anything-but-wahhabism-in-syria/">the original</a> on 7 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orontes&rft.atitle=Wahhabi+%2F+Takfiri+Cleric+Smashes+a+Statue+of+the+Virgin+Mary+in+town+of+Yakubiyah&rft.aulast=Unknown&rft.aufirst=Unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forontes.jimdo.com%2F2013%2F10%2F28%2Fwe-won-t-accept-anything-but-wahhabism-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asbarez.com/armenian-homes-in-kessab-looted-occupied/">"Armenian Homes in Kessab Looted, Occupied"</a>. <i>Asbarez.com</i>. March 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asbarez.com&rft.atitle=Armenian+Homes+in+Kessab+Looted%2C+Occupied&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasbarez.com%2Farmenian-homes-in-kessab-looted-occupied%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globalpost.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost.com_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost.com_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130209123856/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130208/christian-hamlet-escapes-syria-war-falls-prey-looters">"Christian hamlet escapes Syria war but falls prey to looters"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130208/christian-hamlet-escapes-syria-war-falls-prey-looters">the original</a> on 2013-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+hamlet+escapes+Syria+war+but+falls+prey+to+looters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatch%2Fnews%2Fafp%2F130208%2Fchristian-hamlet-escapes-syria-war-falls-prey-looters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_Armenia-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Armenia_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurkjian, Vahan M.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Asia/Armenia/_Texts/KURARM/23*.html">A History of Armenia hosted by The University of Chicago</a>. New York: Armenian General Benevolent Union of America, 1958 pp. 173–185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aztag Daily, 10 February 2000, article edited by Mania Ghazarian and Ashod Sdepanian</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/what-modern-syria-can-learn-ottomans">"What Modern Syria Can Learn from the Ottomans"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Modern+Syria+Can+Learn+from+the+Ottomans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratfor.com%2Fanalysis%2Fwhat-modern-syria-can-learn-ottomans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhatchig_Mouradian" class="citation web cs1">Khatchig Mouradian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianweekly.com/2016/02/21/aleppo-sarf/">"Aleppo Armenians, the Genocide, and a Reversal of Roles"</a>. <i>The Armenian Weekly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Armenian+Weekly&rft.atitle=Aleppo+Armenians%2C+the+Genocide%2C+and+a+Reversal+of+Roles&rft.au=Khatchig+Mouradian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenianweekly.com%2F2016%2F02%2F21%2Faleppo-sarf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alepppo in One Hundred Years 1850–1950, vol.3-page 26, 1994 Aleppo. Authors: Mohammad Fuad Ayntabi and Najwa Othman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Golden River in the History of Aleppo, (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺣﻠﺐ</span>), vol.1 (1922) page 256, published in 1991, Aleppo. Author: Sheikh <i>Kamel Al-Ghazzi</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Golden River in the History of Aleppo (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺣﻠﺐ</span>), vol.3 (1925) pages 449–450, published in 1991, Aleppo. Author: Sheikh <i>Kamel Al-Ghazzi</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Hovannisian" title="Richard G. Hovannisian">Hovannisian, Richard G.</a> (2004). <i>The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 425. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-6422-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-6422-X"><bdi>1-4039-6422-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+People+From+Ancient+to+Modern+Times%2C+Volume+II%3A+Foreign+Dominion+to+Statehood%3A+The+Fifteenth+Century+to+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=425&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-4039-6422-X&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/suriye-ermenileri-geri-donmez-1099705/">"Suriye Ermenileri geri dönmez"</a>. Radikal. 2012-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Suriye+Ermenileri+geri+d%C3%B6nmez&rft.date=2012-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radikal.com.tr%2Fturkiye%2Fsuriye-ermenileri-geri-donmez-1099705%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/pomegranate/2014/04/armenians-syria-and-lebanon">"Displaced again"</a>. Economist. 8 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Displaced+again&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fpomegranate%2F2014%2F04%2Farmenians-syria-and-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">asbarez.com/121079/armenian-homes-in-kessab-looted-occupied/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armenianweekly.com/2015/01/10/cathedral-bombed/">"Armenian Catholic Cathedral in Aleppo Bombed Hours Before Mass"</a>. Armenian Weekly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Armenian+Catholic+Cathedral+in+Aleppo+Bombed+Hours+Before+Mass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmenianweekly.com%2F2015%2F01%2F10%2Fcathedral-bombed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2022" class="citation web cs1">Staff, The New Arab (2022-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/syrian-armenians-start-studying-their-own-language">"Syrian Armenians start studying their own language"</a>. <i>www.newarab.com/</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newarab.com%2F&rft.atitle=Syrian+Armenians+start+studying+their+own+language&rft.date=2022-06-13&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=The+New+Arab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fsyrian-armenians-start-studying-their-own-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Founding-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Founding_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANF2019" class="citation news cs1">ANF (24 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-northern-syria/nubar-ozanyan-armenian-brigade-declared-34506">"Nubar Ozanyan Armenian Brigade declared"</a>. <i>ANF News</i>. Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANF+News&rft.atitle=Nubar+Ozanyan+Armenian+Brigade+declared&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft.au=ANF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanfenglishmobile.com%2Frojava-northern-syria%2Fnubar-ozanyan-armenian-brigade-declared-34506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"armenians-form-brigade-in-northern-and-eastern-syria" <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-northern-syria/armenians-form-brigade-in-northern-and-eastern-syria-34462">https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-northern-syria/armenians-form-brigade-in-northern-and-eastern-syria-34462</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitlian_Watenpaugh2019" class="citation book cs1">Zeitlian Watenpaugh, Heghnar (12 February 2019). <i>The Missing Pages: The Modern Life of a Medieval Manuscript, from Genocide to Justice</i>. Stanford University Press. p. 199. <q>The genocide and its aftermath transformed Aleppo's Armenian community. In the courtyard of the Church of the Forty Martyrs, founded in the twelfth century, one now heard the Zeytun Armenian dialect along with the soft Turkish of Marash and Aintab, next to the Arabic speech of local Armenians, who henceforth became known as <i>al-arman al-aqdam</i>, "the old Armenians."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Missing+Pages%3A+The+Modern+Life+of+a+Medieval+Manuscript%2C+from+Genocide+to+Justice&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft.aulast=Zeitlian+Watenpaugh&rft.aufirst=Heghnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tK2GMRf-sY"><i>How Syrian-Armenians Preserved Western Armenian</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Syrian-Armenians+Preserved+Western+Armenian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D9tK2GMRf-sY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608183521/http://www.periotem.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Subjects&file=index&req=viewpageext&pageid=742">"Diocese of Aleppo, History"</a>. Diocese of Aleppo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periotem.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Subjects&file=index&req=viewpageext&pageid=742">the original</a> on 2020-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diocese+of+Aleppo%2C+History&rft.pub=Diocese+of+Aleppo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.periotem.com%2Fmodules.php%3Fop%3Dmodload%26name%3DSubjects%26file%3Dindex%26req%3Dviewpageext%26pageid%3D742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hairenikweekly.com/archives/10620#_">Hayrenik Weekly: Armenians of Syria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223144949/http://www.hairenikweekly.com/archives/10620#_">Archived</a> February 23, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAktar2007" class="citation journal cs1">Aktar, A. (2007). "Debating the Armenian Massacres in the Last Ottoman Parliament, November December 1918". <i>History Workshop Journal</i>. <b>64</b>: 240–270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhwj%2Fdbm046">10.1093/hwj/dbm046</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159609253">159609253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Workshop+Journal&rft.atitle=Debating+the+Armenian+Massacres+in+the+Last+Ottoman+Parliament%2C+November+December+1918&rft.volume=64&rft.pages=240-270&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhwj%2Fdbm046&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159609253%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Aktar&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHairenik2020" class="citation web cs1">Hairenik (21 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/195566/three-armenians-elected-to-syrias-parliament/">"Three Armenians Elected to Syria's Parliament"</a>. <i>Armenian Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Armenian+Weekly&rft.atitle=Three+Armenians+Elected+to+Syria%27s+Parliament&rft.date=2020-07-21&rft.au=Hairenik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasbarez.com%2F195566%2Fthree-armenians-elected-to-syrias-parliament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Syrian press, the past and the present, by Hashem Osman, 1970 Damascus (الصحافة السورية ماضيها وحاضرها –هاشم عثمان– 1970 دمشق)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207125952/http://www.aleppojewels.com/page.php?id=106128">"جواهر حلب"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aleppojewels.com/page.php?id=106128">the original</a> on 7 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aleppojewels.com%2Fpage.php%3Fid%3D106128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aleppodoctors.org/ar/honored/details/2/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86">"أعلام الأطباء في حلب – الطبيب أسادور ألتونيان"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8+%E2%80%93+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aleppodoctors.org%2Far%2Fhonored%2Fdetails%2F2%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A3%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esyria.sy/ealeppo/index.php?p=stories&category=characters&filename=201103080910032">"موقع حلب – "روبيرت جبه جيان".. مفهوم جديد للواقعية التعبيرية"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9+%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8+%E2%80%93+%22%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA+%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%22..+%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esyria.sy%2Fealeppo%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dstories%26category%3Dcharacters%26filename%3D201103080910032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artsgulf.com/news-action-show-id-14407.htm">Artsgulf: Robert Jebejian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221235938/http://www.artsgulf.com/news-action-show-id-14407.htm">Archived</a> February 21, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discover-syria.com/news/5445">"معرض لوحات للدكتور جبه جيان"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6+%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discover-syria.com%2Fnews%2F5445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianpost.com/news/23-christian-families-trapped-in-isis-stronghold-raqqa-facing-violence-forced-taxes-129809/">"23 Christian Families Trapped in ISIS Stronghold Raqqa Facing Violence, Forced Taxes"</a>. <i>Christian Post</i>. 17 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Post&rft.atitle=23+Christian+Families+Trapped+in+ISIS+Stronghold+Raqqa+Facing+Violence%2C+Forced+Taxes&rft.date=2014-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fnews%2F23-christian-families-trapped-in-isis-stronghold-raqqa-facing-violence-forced-taxes-129809%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031946/http://www.christiandaily.com/article/23.families.left.in.syrias.raqqa.after.isis.control/49424.htm">"23 Families Left in Syria's Raqqa After ISIS Control"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christiandaily.com/article/23.families.left.in.syrias.raqqa.after.isis.control/49424.htm">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=23+Families+Left+in+Syria%27s+Raqqa+After+ISIS+Control&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiandaily.com%2Farticle%2F23.families.left.in.syrias.raqqa.after.isis.control%2F49424.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fides.org/en/news/36768-ASIA_SYRIA_25_Christian_families_still_in_Raqqa_Obligation_to_pay_a_protection_tax#.VGqsmxwqAhu">"25 Christian families still in Raqqa. Obligation to pay a "protection tax" – Fides News Agency"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+Christian+families+still+in+Raqqa.+Obligation+to+pay+a+%22protection+tax%22+%E2%80%93+Fides+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fides.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F36768-ASIA_SYRIA_25_Christian_families_still_in_Raqqa_Obligation_to_pay_a_protection_tax%23.VGqsmxwqAhu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Memorial.110/current_category.72/memorials_detail.html">"Monument and Memorial Complex at Der Zor, Syria"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monument+and+Memorial+Complex+at+Der+Zor%2C+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenian-genocide.org%2FMemorial.110%2Fcurrent_category.72%2Fmemorials_detail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMannheim2001" class="citation book cs1">Mannheim, Ivan (2001). <i>Syria and Lebanon Handbook: The Travel Guide</i>. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-900949-90-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-900949-90-3"><bdi>1-900949-90-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria+and+Lebanon+Handbook%3A+The+Travel+Guide&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Footprint+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-900949-90-3&rft.aulast=Mannheim&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Armenians_in_Syria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Armenians in Syria">Armenians in Syria</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periotem.com">Armenian Prelacy of Beroea (Aleppo, Syria)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kantsasar.com/">Kantsasar Armenian Weekly, Aleppo, Syria</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armenian_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armenian_diaspora" title="Template:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armenian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armenian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armenian_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_population_by_country" title="Armenian population by country">Population by country</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Historical_Armenian_population" title="Historical Armenian population">historical</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_population_by_urban_area" title="Armenian population by urban area">Population by urban area</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_ethnic_enclaves" title="List of Armenian ethnic enclaves">Ethnic enclaves</a></b></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmenianDiaspora.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Armenian population by country."><img alt="Armenian population by country." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/400px-ArmenianDiaspora.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/600px-ArmenianDiaspora.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/800px-ArmenianDiaspora.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic areas of <br /> Armenian settlement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Samtskhe%E2%80%93Javakheti" title="Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti">Javakhk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Nakhchivan" title="Armenians in Nakhchivan">Nakhichevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Turkey" title="Armenians in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Istanbul" title="Armenians in Istanbul">Bolis/Istanbul</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Armenians" title="Hidden Armenians">Hidden Armenians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Western_Armenia" title="Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Baku" title="Armenians in Baku">Baku</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zoks</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Abkhazia" title="Armenians in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Tbilisi" title="Armenians in Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Armenians in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lithuania" title="Armenians in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Belarus" title="Armenians in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Central_Asia" title="Armenians in Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Moldova" title="Armenians in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Circassia</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ukraine" title="Armenians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Crimea" title="Armenians in Crimea">Crimea</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Argentine">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Brazilians" title="Armenian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Canadians" title="Armenian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Mexicans" title="Armenian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenian_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Armenians in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Watertown, MA">Boston</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Uruguayans" title="Armenian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Austria" title="Armenians in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Belgium" title="Armenians in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bulgaria" title="Armenians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Armenians in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_France" title="Armenians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Germany" title="Armenians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Greece" title="Armenians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Hungary" title="Armenians in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Italy" title="Armenians in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Malta" title="Armenians in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Armenians in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Armenians in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Poland" title="Armenians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_of_Romania" title="Armenians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Serbia" title="Armenians in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Spain" title="Armenians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Sweden" title="Armenians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Switzerland" title="Armenians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Armenians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Middle_East" title="Armenians in the Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Egypt" title="Armenians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Jordan" title="Armenians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Kuwait" title="Armenians in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lebanon" title="Armenians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Qatar" title="Armenians in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Armenians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Afghanistan" title="Armenians in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_India" title="Armenians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Indonesia" title="Armenians in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Surabaya" title="Armenians in Surabaya">Surabaya</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Myanmar" title="Armenians in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Pakistan" title="Armenians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Singapore" title="Armenians in Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ethiopia" title="Armenians in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Australians" title="Armenian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_New_Zealanders" title="Armenian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_Syria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demographics_of_Syria" title="Template:Demographics of Syria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demographics_of_Syria" title="Template talk:Demographics of Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics_of_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics of Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_Syria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria" title="Demographics of Syria">Demographics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Syria" title="Christianity in Syria">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Syria" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Syria">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch">Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Orthodox Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Syria" title="Catholic Church in Syria">Catholic Church in Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Syria" title="Islam in Syria">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Islam in Syria">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Islam in Syria">Shia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawites_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawites in Syria">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailis_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismailis in Syria">Ismailis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Syria" title="Druze in Syria">Druze</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Syria" title="History of the Jews in Syria">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidis_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidis in Syria">Yazidis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Syria" title="Albanians in Syria">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Syria" title="Assyrians in Syria">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_people_of_Yarmouk_Basin" title="Black people of Yarmouk Basin">Black people of Yarmouk Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_in_Syria" title="Bosniaks in Syria">Bosniaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechens_in_Syria" title="Chechens in Syria">Chechens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Syria" title="Circassians in Syria">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Syria" title="Doms in Syria">Dom/Nawar (Gypsy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Syria" title="Greeks in Syria">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Syria" title="History of the Jews in Syria">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_Syria" title="Lebanese people in Syria">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Turkmens/Turkomans (Turks)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign nationals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Syria" title="Greeks in Syria">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Syria" title="Iranians in Syria">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqis_in_Syria" title="Iraqis in Syria">Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_Syria" title="Lebanese people in Syria">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in Syria">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Syria" title="Palestinians in Syria">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_in_Syria" title="Venezuelans in Syria">Venezuelans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Under the terms of the Syrian Constitution the Druze community is designated as a part of the Syrian Muslim community.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&oldid=1258895596">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&oldid=1258895596</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Armenian_diaspora_by_country" title="Category:Armenian diaspora by country">Armenian diaspora by country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Armenian_diaspora_in_Syria" title="Category:Armenian diaspora in Syria">Armenian diaspora in Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Syria" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Syria">Ethnic groups in Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:West_Asian_diaspora_in_Syria" title="Category:West Asian diaspora in Syria">West Asian diaspora in Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Syrian_people_of_Armenian_descent" title="Category:Syrian people of Armenian descent">Syrian people of Armenian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Armenia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Category:Armenia–Syria relations">Armenia–Syria relations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%22Related_ethnic_groups%22_needing_confirmation" title="Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation">"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_July_2009" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from July 2009">Articles lacking reliable references from July 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_July_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2023">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Armenian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Armenian-language text">Articles containing Armenian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 06:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Syria&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nhjc4","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.994","walltime":"1.252","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5088,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":130451,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7295,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":159553,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 959.648 1 -total"," 35.13% 337.112 2 Template:Reflist"," 23.34% 223.963 24 Template:Cite_web"," 12.67% 121.541 4 Template:Langx"," 11.96% 114.772 1 Template:Armenians"," 11.58% 111.175 1 Template:Ethnic_group_sidebar"," 11.17% 107.183 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.52% 81.749 2 Template:Short_description"," 6.74% 64.706 13 Template:Main_other"," 6.23% 59.761 1 Template:Infobox_ethnic_group"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.590","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22745470,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f2r5r","timestamp":"20241122155515","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Armenians in Syria","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenians_in_Syria","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q683045","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q683045","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-08-20T00:57:01Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T06:31:57Z","headline":"ethnic group"}</script> </body> </html>