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Berberi - Wikipedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origini_e_antichità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origini_e_antichità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origini e antichità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origini_e_antichità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dalla_conquista_islamica_al_colonialismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dalla_conquista_islamica_al_colonialismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dalla conquista islamica al colonialismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dalla_conquista_islamica_al_colonialismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lingua</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lingua-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Lingua</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lingua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scrittura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scrittura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Scrittura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scrittura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etnia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etnia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Etnia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etnia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Etnia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etnia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultura_materiale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura_materiale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cultura materiale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura_materiale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alimentazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alimentazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Alimentazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alimentazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bevande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bevande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Bevande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bevande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbigliamento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbigliamento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Abbigliamento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbigliamento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Berberi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 101 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Berbers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblos_berbers" title="Pueblos berbers - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pueblos berbers" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA" title="أمازيغ - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمازيغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA" title="أمازيغ - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أمازيغ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA" title="امازيغ - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امازيغ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereberes" title="Bereberes - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bereberes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99rb%C9%99rl%C9%99r" title="Bərbərlər - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bərbərlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B1" title="بربرلر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بربرلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Берберҙар - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Берберҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Берберы - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Берберы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бэрбэры - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэрбэры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бербери - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бербери" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="আমাজিগ জাতি - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আমাজিগ জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazics" title="Amazics - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amazics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="گەلی ئەمازیغی - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەلی ئەمازیغی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbe%C5%99i" title="Berbeři - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Berbeři" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Берберсем - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Берберсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberiaid" title="Berberiaid - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Berberiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Berbere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber" title="Berber - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Berber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Βέρβεροι - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βέρβεροι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Berbers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberoj" title="Berberoj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Berberoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereberes" title="Bereberes - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bereberes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberid" title="Berberid - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Berberid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berbere" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="قوم بربر - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوم بربر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberit" title="Berberit - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Berberit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berb%C3%A8res" title="Berbères - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Berbères" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazigos" title="Amazigos - francoprovenzale" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Amazigos" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovenzale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Berbers" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirbeirigh" title="Beirbeirigh - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beirbeirigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9rberes" title="Bérberes - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bérberes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereveku%C3%A9ra" title="Verevekuéra - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Verevekuéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzinawa" title="Abzinawa - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Abzinawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="ברברים (קבוצה אתנית) - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברברים (קבוצה אתנית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="बर्बर - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बर्बर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberek" title="Berberek - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Berberek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բերբերներ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բերբերներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Berber" title="Orang Berber - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Berber" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbar" title="Berbar - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Berbar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="ベルベル人 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベルベル人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/imazixen" title="imazixen - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="imazixen" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_B%C3%A8rb%C3%A8r" title="Wong Bèrbèr - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Bèrbèr" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბერბერები - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერბერები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imazi%C9%A3en" title="Imaziɣen - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Imaziɣen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Берберлер - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Берберлер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="베르베르인 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르베르인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaz%C3%AEx_(gel)" title="Amazîx (gel) - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amazîx (gel)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Берберлер - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Берберлер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazaces" title="Mazaces - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mazaces" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberai" title="Berberai - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Berberai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbera_(vahoaka)" title="Berbera (vahoaka) - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Berbera (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бербери - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бербери" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="ബെർബർ ജനത - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെർബർ ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbar" title="Barbar - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Barbar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Berbers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbarar" title="Berbarar - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Berbarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Berbere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berb%C3%A8rs" title="Berbèrs - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Berbèrs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberowie" title="Berberowie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Berberowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="بربر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بربر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بربریان - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بربریان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberes" title="Berberes - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Berberes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasiq_runa" title="Amasiq runa - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Amasiq runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Берберы - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Берберы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Берберы - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Берберы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8rberos" title="Bèrberos - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bèrberos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8rberi" title="Bèrberi - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bèrberi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imazi%C9%A3n" title="Imaziɣn - tashelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Imaziɣn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people" title="Berber people - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Berber people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadka_Berberiga" title="Dadka Berberiga - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dadka Berberiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бербери - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бербери" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber" title="Berber - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Berber" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waberberi" title="Waberberi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waberberi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பர்பர்கள் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பர்பர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Барбарҳо - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Барбарҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ชนเบอร์เบอร์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชนเบอร์เบอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberiler" title="Berberiler - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Berberiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بېربېرلار - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بېربېرلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бербери - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бербери" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="بربر - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بربر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberlar" title="Berberlar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Berberlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Berber" title="Người Berber - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Berber" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbere_(peupe)" title="Berbere (peupe) - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Berbere (peupe)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏尔人 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柏柏尔人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ბერბერეფი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბერბერეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ - tamazight del Marocco standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight del Marocco standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏尔人 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柏柏尔人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_L%C3%A2ng" title="Berber Lâng - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Berber Lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏人 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="柏柏人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45315#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berberi" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Berberi" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berberi"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berberi"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Berberi" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Berberi" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;oldid=141872017" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&amp;page=Berberi&amp;id=141872017&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBerberi%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBerberi%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Berberi"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Berberi&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Berber" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Berberi" hreflang="it"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45315" title="Collegamento all&#039;elemento connesso dell&#039;archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume le principali caratteristiche dei gruppi etnici"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:lightblue; color:#000;">Berberi<br /><small>Imaziɣen</small><br /><small>ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Berber_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Berber_flag.svg/260px-Berber_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Berber_flag.svg/390px-Berber_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Berber_flag.svg/520px-Berber_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Bandiera_berbera" title="Bandiera berbera">Bandiera berbera</a></td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="height:2px; line-height:2px; background:lightblue; color:#000;">&#160;</th></tr><tr><th>Luogo d'origine</th><td><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tamazgha" title="Tamazgha">Tamazɣa</a></i>) </td></tr><tr><th>Popolazione</th><td>36 milioni<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th>Lingua</th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_berbera" title="Lingua berbera">berbero</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Religione</th><td>In maggioranza <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunnismo" title="Sunnismo">sunnismo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ibadismo" title="Ibadismo">ibadismo</a>)<br />Minoranze <a href="/wiki/Cristianesimo_in_Nordafrica" title="Cristianesimo in Nordafrica">cristiane</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Ebrei_berberi" title="Ebrei berberi">ebraiche</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:lightblue; color:#000;">Distribuzione</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2">&#32; <table style="text-align:left; margin:auto"> <tbody><tr><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marocco (bandiera)"><img alt="Marocco (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/20px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Marocco" title="Marocco">Marocco</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">20 milioni<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-axl.cefan.ulaval.ca_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axl.cefan.ulaval.ca-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Algeria (bandiera)"><img alt="Algeria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">15 milioni<sup id="cite_ref-axl.cefan.ulaval.ca_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axl.cefan.ulaval.ca-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tunisia (bandiera)"><img alt="Tunisia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">800.000</td></tr><tr><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Libya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Libia (bandiera)"><img alt="Libia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/20px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/40px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">750.000</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Popolo/man" title="Template:Popolo/man"><span title="Manuale del template Popolo">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bgayet_idebbalen2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bgayet_idebbalen2007.jpg/220px-Bgayet_idebbalen2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bgayet_idebbalen2007.jpg/330px-Bgayet_idebbalen2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bgayet_idebbalen2007.jpg/440px-Bgayet_idebbalen2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Due suonatori tradizionali (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idebbalen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Idebbalen (la pagina non esiste)">idebbalen</a></i>) e il calciatore <a href="/wiki/Zin%C3%A9dine_Zidane" title="Zinédine Zidane">Zinédine Zidane</a></figcaption></figure> <p>I <b>berberi</b> (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_berbera" title="Lingua berbera">berbero</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="ber">ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ</span>, <i>Imaziɣen</i>) costituiscono un <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_etnico" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruppo etnico">gruppo etnico</a> autoctono dell'odierno <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a>. I berberi comprendono quelle popolazioni tradizionalmente di lingua berbera che non sono state <a href="/wiki/Arabizzazione" title="Arabizzazione">arabizzate</a> e rappresentano una vasta minoranza delle popolazioni di <a href="/wiki/Marocco" title="Marocco">Marocco</a> e <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. Minoranze berbere sono distribuite anche in <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, nell'oasi di <a href="/wiki/Siwa_(oasi)" title="Siwa (oasi)">Siwa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>. Sottogruppo berbero sono i <a href="/wiki/Tuareg" title="Tuareg">tuareg</a>, distribuiti in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, Libia, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>. Berberi erano anche i <a href="/wiki/Guanci" title="Guanci">guanci</a> delle <a href="/wiki/Isole_Canarie" title="Isole Canarie">isole Canarie</a>. </p><p>Citati già in alcune iscrizioni egizie, varie popolazioni berbere durante il <a href="/wiki/Storia_antica" class="mw-redirect" title="Storia antica">periodo antico</a>, quali i <a href="/wiki/Mauri_(gruppo_etnico)" title="Mauri (gruppo etnico)">Mauri</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Massili" title="Massili">Massili</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Massesili" title="Massesili">Massesili</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Musulami" title="Musulami">Musulami</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Getuli" title="Getuli">Getuli</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Garamanti" title="Garamanti">Garamanti</a>, dettero vita a vari regni, i principali dei quali furono la <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Mauretania" title="Regno di Mauretania">Mauretania</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a>. Durante il <a href="/wiki/Medioevo" title="Medioevo">Medioevo</a> nacquero vari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regni_romano-berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Regni romano-berberi (la pagina non esiste)">regni romano-berberi</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Conquista_omayyade_del_Maghreb" title="Conquista omayyade del Maghreb">conquista omayyade del Maghreb</a> nel VII secolo avviò un ampio processo di <a href="/wiki/Islamizzazione" title="Islamizzazione">islamizzazione</a> e parziale <a href="/wiki/Arabizzazione" title="Arabizzazione">arabizzazione</a> delle popolazioni berbere. Varie dinastie berbere, tra i quali i <a href="/wiki/Banu_Barghawata" title="Banu Barghawata">Banu Barghawata</a>, gli <a href="/wiki/Ziridi" title="Ziridi">Ziridi</a>, gli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammamidi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hammamidi (la pagina non esiste)">Hammamidi</a>, gli <a href="/wiki/Almoravidi" title="Almoravidi">Almoravidi</a>, gli <a href="/wiki/Almohadi" title="Almohadi">Almohadi</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Merinidi" title="Merinidi">Merinidi</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Wattasidi" title="Wattasidi">Wattasidi</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Zayyanidi" title="Zayyanidi">Zayyanidi</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Hafsidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafsidi">Hafsidi</a>, costruirono propri regni in Maghreb e in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a>. </p><p>L'identità berbera moderna emerse in occasione della conquista araba e venne riscoperta dai <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">francesi</a> nel XIX secolo e dal <a href="/wiki/Berberismo" title="Berberismo">berberismo</a> nel XX. Vaste comunità di berberi si stabilirono a partire dal XX secolo in Francia, <a href="/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna">Spagna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paesi_Bassi" title="Paesi Bassi">Paesi Bassi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgio" title="Belgio">Belgio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d&#39;America">Stati Uniti d'America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> e <a href="/wiki/Israele" title="Israele">Israele</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il nome "berbero" è un calco del vocabolo <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">francese</a> <i>berbère</i>, a sua volta derivato dal termine greco-romano "<a href="/wiki/Barbaro" title="Barbaro">barbaro</a>", volto a designare chi non parlava il latino o il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca" title="Lingua greca">greco</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gaio_Sallustio_Crispo" title="Gaio Sallustio Crispo">Sallustio</a> nel suo <i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Iugurthinum" title="Bellum Iugurthinum">Bellum Iugurthinum</a></i> definì la lingua dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Libi (la pagina non esiste)">Libi</a> <i>barbara lingua</i> (cap. 18). L'endonimo usato da molti berberi è <i><a href="/wiki/Amazigh" title="Amazigh">amazigh</a></i>, che significa "uomini liberi". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origini_e_antichità"><span id="Origini_e_antichit.C3.A0"></span>Origini e antichità</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Origini e antichità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Origini e antichità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berberi_FontiEgizie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Berberi_FontiEgizie.jpg/220px-Berberi_FontiEgizie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Berberi_FontiEgizie.jpg/330px-Berberi_FontiEgizie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Berberi_FontiEgizie.jpg/440px-Berberi_FontiEgizie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Popolazioni berbere citate da fonti egizie</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Africa_(provincia_romana)" title="Africa (provincia romana)">Africa (provincia romana)</a></b>,&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a></b>,&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a></b>,&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Garamanti" title="Garamanti">Garamanti</a></b>&#32;e&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Getuli" title="Getuli">Getuli</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>I fossili umani paleolitici affini ai berberi propriamente detti, databili intorno al 20 000 a.C., sono noti in paleo-antropologia con il nome di <i>uomo di <a href="/wiki/Mechta-Afalou" title="Mechta-Afalou">Mechta-Afalou</a></i>, una variante del paleo-europoide del tipo di <a href="/wiki/Uomo_di_Cro-Magnon" title="Uomo di Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a>. </p><p>Nell'antichità i berberi erano noti sotto varie denominazioni: gli antichi <a href="/wiki/Egizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Egizi">Egizi</a> conoscevano i <i>ṯḥnw</i> (menzionati dal "<a href="/wiki/Horo_Scorpione_II" title="Horo Scorpione II">re Scorpione</a>" dell'<a href="/wiki/Periodo_predinastico_dell%27Egitto" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodo predinastico dell&#39;Egitto">età predinastica</a>, intorno al 3000 a.C.), i <i>ṯmḥw</i>, i <i>Rbw</i> e i <i>mšwš</i> (questi ultimi due probabilmente da leggere rispettivamente <i>Libu</i>, ovvero i "Libi", e <i><a href="/wiki/Mashuash" title="Mashuash">Mashuash</a></i>). I capi dei "mashuash" intorno al 1000 a.C. divennero addirittura faraoni. Nello spirito di riscoperta delle proprie tradizioni che anima da alcuni decenni diversi intellettuali berberi, molti di loro fanno iniziare il loro calendario dal 950 a.C., approssimativa data di ascesa al trono di <a href="/wiki/Sheshonq_I" title="Sheshonq I">Sheshonq I</a>, iniziatore della <a href="/wiki/XXII_dinastia_egizia" title="XXII dinastia egizia">XXII dinastia egizia</a>, anche se probabilmente era già libica anche la dinastia precedente. </p><p>In epoca successiva, molti nomi di popoli e tribù berbere ci giungono da storici greci e latini, a partire da <a href="/wiki/Erodoto" title="Erodoto">Erodoto</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berberi_Erodoto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Berberi_Erodoto.jpg/310px-Berberi_Erodoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Berberi_Erodoto.jpg/465px-Berberi_Erodoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Berberi_Erodoto.jpg/620px-Berberi_Erodoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Popolazioni berbere citate da Erodoto</figcaption></figure> <p>In particolare si ricordano i Libi nelle regioni occidentali dell'attuale Libia, i <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidi</a> nell'attuale Algeria, i <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauri</a> nell'attuale Marocco, mentre nelle zone interne vi erano soprattutto i <a href="/wiki/Garamanti" title="Garamanti">Garamanti</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Getuli" title="Getuli">Getuli</a>. </p><p>A partire dal I millennio a.C. il Nordafrica conobbe la colonizzazione di vari popoli. Da principio Fenici e Greci (<a href="/wiki/Cartagine" title="Cartagine">Cartagine</a> è fondata intorno all'814 a.C., <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" title="Tripoli">Oea-Tripoli</a> nel VII secolo a.C., <a href="/wiki/Cirene" title="Cirene">Cirene</a> intorno al 630 a.C.). In seguito fu il turno dei <a href="/wiki/Roma_(citt%C3%A0_antica)" title="Roma (città antica)">Romani</a>, che contesero ai Cartaginesi la supremazia sulla regione. </p><p>Intorno al III secolo a.C. si cominciano ad avere notizie precise su veri e propri Stati berberi, con propri re e una propria organizzazione: i regni di <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a> e di <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a>. A quest'epoca risalgono alcune figure celebri come <a href="/wiki/Massinissa" title="Massinissa">Massinissa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giugurta" title="Giugurta">Giugurta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuba_II" title="Giuba II">Giuba II</a>, ecc. </p><p>Dopo diverse vicende, che li videro sempre meno autonomi, i regni berberi persero definitivamente la loro indipendenza nel 40 d.C., sotto <a href="/wiki/Caligola" title="Caligola">Caligola</a>. </p><p>Durante la dominazione romana molti <a href="/wiki/Romani_d%27Africa" title="Romani d&#39;Africa">berberi romanizzati</a> emersero nelle arti, nella politica e nella religione, esprimendosi nella lingua scritta del tempo: il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a>. </p><p>Vi furono così: </p> <ul><li>scrittori (da <a href="/wiki/Publio_Terenzio_Afro" title="Publio Terenzio Afro">Terenzio</a> a <a href="/wiki/Marziano_Capella" title="Marziano Capella">Marziano Capella</a>, con personaggi come <a href="/wiki/Marco_Cornelio_Frontone" title="Marco Cornelio Frontone">Frontone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apuleio" title="Apuleio">Apuleio</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Quinto_Settimio_Fiorente_Tertulliano" title="Quinto Settimio Fiorente Tertulliano">Tertulliano</a>);</li> <li>santi cristiani (dai <a href="/wiki/Martiri_scillitani" title="Martiri scillitani">martiri scillitani</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tascio_Cecilio_Cipriano" title="Tascio Cecilio Cipriano">San Cipriano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vittore_il_Moro" title="Vittore il Moro">San Vittore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agostino_d%27Ippona" title="Agostino d&#39;Ippona">Sant'Agostino</a> e <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica" title="Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeno_di_Verona" title="Zeno di Verona">Zeno di Verona</a>);</li> <li>papi (<a href="/wiki/Papa_Vittore_I" title="Papa Vittore I">Vittore I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Milziade" title="Papa Milziade">Melchiade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Gelasio_I" title="Papa Gelasio I">Gelasio I</a>);</li> <li>imperatori (dal libico-punico <a href="/wiki/Settimio_Severo" title="Settimio Severo">Settimio Severo</a>, fondatore di una dinastia, ai mauri <a href="/wiki/Macrino" title="Macrino">Macrino</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Emiliano_(imperatore)" title="Emiliano (imperatore)">Emiliano</a>).</li></ul> <p>Dopo essere rimasto per lungo tempo sotto la dominazione romana il Nordafrica subì nel V secolo le invasioni dei <a href="/wiki/Vandali" title="Vandali">Vandali</a> di <a href="/wiki/Genserico" title="Genserico">Genserico</a>, che costituirono regni nord-africani, finché nel 534, una spedizione condotta da <a href="/wiki/Belisario" title="Belisario">Belisario</a>, inviata da <a href="/wiki/Giustiniano_I" title="Giustiniano I">Giustiniano</a> lo riconquistò alla sovranità di <a href="/wiki/Impero_bizantino" title="Impero bizantino">Bisanzio</a>. Tale conquista però durò poco più di un secolo, giacché nel VII secolo si affacciarono i nuovi conquistatori, gli <a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">Arabi</a>. </p><p>A questo periodo appartiene anche la costruzione dei <a href="/wiki/Jedar" title="Jedar">jedar</a>, tredici monumentali <a href="/wiki/Mausoleo" title="Mausoleo">mausolei</a> berberi situati a sud di <a href="/wiki/Tiaret" title="Tiaret">Tiaret</a>, in Algeria. Il loro nome deriva dall'arabo جدار (<i>jidār</i>, muro), ed erano tombe pre-islamiche risalenti alla <a href="/wiki/Tarda_antichit%C3%A0" title="Tarda antichità">tarda antichità</a> (forse IV-VIII secolo).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dalla_conquista_islamica_al_colonialismo">Dalla conquista islamica al colonialismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Dalla conquista islamica al colonialismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Dalla conquista islamica al colonialismo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_old_Amazigh_(Berb%C3%A8re)_room_in_Morocco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg/220px-An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg/330px-An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg/440px-An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Una vecchia stanza berbera in Marocco</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Conquista_omayyade_del_Maghreb" title="Conquista omayyade del Maghreb">conquista araba del Nordafrica</a> si svolse in varie fasi. Da principio gli eserciti musulmani, dopo aver <a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_dell%27Egitto" title="Conquista islamica dell&#39;Egitto">sottomesso l'Egitto</a>, si portarono a ovest della Libia, raggiungendo la <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> meridionale e fondando la città-accampamento militare (<i>misr</i>) di <a href="/wiki/Qayrawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qayrawan">Qayrawan</a>. Da lì <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Nafi%27" title="Uqba ibn Nafi&#39;">ʿUqba b. Nāfiʿ</a> partì, intorno al 685, per la sua celebre "cavalcata" che lo portò fino alle sponde <a href="/wiki/Oceano_Atlantico" title="Oceano Atlantico">atlantiche</a> del <a href="/wiki/Marocco" title="Marocco">Marocco</a> meridionale (la tradizione vuole che fosse entrato nell'oceano a cavallo, a significare che aveva conquistato all'Islam tutte le terre fino agli estremi confini occidentali). ʿUqba trovò un forte avversario in <a href="/wiki/Kusayla" title="Kusayla">Kusayla</a>, un capo berbero da lui catturato e pubblicamente umiliato, che riuscì a fuggire, organizzò la resistenza, lo sorprese a Tahuda, sulla via del ritorno, e lo uccise. </p><p>Dopo alterne vicende la resistenza berbera all'invasione araba fu sostenuta da <a href="/wiki/Kahina" title="Kahina">Dihya</a>, regina dei berberi della tribù Gerawa, più conosciuta con il soprannome attribuitole dagli arabi, Kahina (traducibile in <i>strega</i>); condusse anch'essa un'aspra campagna e tenne a lungo in scacco gli invasori. Prevedendo la propria sconfitta essa esortò i suoi figli ad allearsi con il futuro vincitore in modo da conservare comunque il potere. Poco dopo iniziò l'islamizzazione del <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a>, e nel 711 le truppe islamiche che <a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_della_penisola_iberica" title="Conquista islamica della penisola iberica">invasero la penisola iberica</a> sotto la guida di <a href="/wiki/Tariq_ibn_Ziyad" title="Tariq ibn Ziyad">Tāriq ibn Ziyād</a> erano costituite in massima parte da maghrebini. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berber_Jews.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Berber_Jews.jpg/220px-Berber_Jews.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Berber_Jews.jpg/330px-Berber_Jews.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Berber_Jews.jpg/440px-Berber_Jews.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ebrei_berberi" title="Ebrei berberi">Ebrei berberi</a> sul <a href="/wiki/Atlante_(catena_montuosa)" title="Atlante (catena montuosa)">monte Atlante</a>, Marocco, anno 1900</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per molto tempo (in pratica fino agli inizi del XIX secolo quando iniziò la colonizzazione europea) il Nordafrica è stato denominato dagli europei <i>Barberìa</i>, ossia il "Paese dei Berberi", cosicché gli Stati del Nordafrica sono stati chiamati <a href="/wiki/Stati_barbareschi" title="Stati barbareschi">Stati barbareschi</a>, e lingua franca barbaresca la lingua di scambio in uso in quelle regioni. Nel mondo arabo-islamico invece era in uso soprattutto l'espressione <i>Maghreb</i> (ossia "Occidente"). </p><p>Successivamente i berberi hanno creato, a partire dal loro nome, <i>amazigh</i>, l'espressione <i><a href="/wiki/Tamazgha" title="Tamazgha">Tamazgha</a></i> che si riferisce al complesso di tutti i Paesi dove è (o è stata) parlata la lingua tamazight. I Paesi che vengono considerati facenti parte di Tamazgha sono <a href="/wiki/Marocco" title="Marocco">Marocco</a>, Algeria, <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, Egitto, <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Occidentale" title="Sahara Occidentale">Sahara Occidentale</a>, Mauritania, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, Niger, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, nonché le isole Canarie, in cui la lingua non è più parlata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lingua">Lingua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Lingua" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lingua"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Lingua_berbera" title="Lingua berbera">Lingua berbera</a></b>&#32;e&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Letteratura_berbera" title="Letteratura berbera">Letteratura berbera</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La lingua berbera o <i>tamaziɣt</i> appartiene alla famiglia linguistica <a href="/wiki/Lingue_afroasiatiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingue afroasiatiche">afroasiatica</a> o camito-semitica. La sua estensione copre quasi tutta l'Africa del Nord, dall'<a href="/wiki/Oceano_Atlantico" title="Oceano Atlantico">Oceano Atlantico</a> fino all'Egitto occidentale; sembra che una varietà di berbero fosse un tempo parlata anche dai guanci delle <a href="/wiki/Isole_Canarie" title="Isole Canarie">isole Canarie</a>. L'Associazione di Cultura Tamazight, con sede a <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" title="Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Las Palmas</a>, si dedica alla ricerca e alla riscoperta di questa lingua.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La lingua berbera fu in passato duramente repressa dai Paesi del Nordafrica che si proclamavano arabi, che procedettero a sistematiche campagne di <a href="/wiki/Arabizzazione" title="Arabizzazione">arabizzazione</a>; in tali Paesi non esistono canali di telecomunicazione di lingua berbera. Una rete televisiva satellitare in berbero è stata, invece, realizzata in Francia (Berbèr TV). Recentemente sono nati due canali televisivi in lingua berbera in Marocco (<a href="/wiki/Tamazight_(rete_televisiva)" title="Tamazight (rete televisiva)">Tamazight TV</a>) e Algeria (<a href="/wiki/Berb%C3%A8re_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision" title="Berbère Télévision">Berbère Télévision</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scrittura">Scrittura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Scrittura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Scrittura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Berberi possiedono una scrittura, la cosiddetta "scrittura libica" (di cui si conoscono due varianti: quella orientale e quella occidentale), attestata da numerose iscrizioni antiche, risalenti anche al I millennio a.C. Questa scrittura è preservata solo dai <a href="/wiki/Tuareg" title="Tuareg">Tuareg</a> (che la chiamano "<a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tifinagh">tifinagh</a>"), è stata modificata per poter trascrivere i suoni tipici dei dialetti berberi del Nord ("<a href="/wiki/Neo-tifinagh" title="Neo-tifinagh">neo-tifinagh</a>") ed è stata adottata dall'<a href="/wiki/Istituto_Reale_della_Cultura_Amazigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Reale della Cultura Amazigh">Istituto Reale della Cultura Amazigh</a> (IRCAM) per la trascrizione ufficiale del berbero in Marocco. </p><p>La scrittura adottata nelle scuole della <a href="/wiki/Cabilia" title="Cabilia">Cabilia</a> (Algeria) a partire dal 1995 è in caratteri latini ed è stata standardizzata secondo le indicazioni di una serie di convegni e conferenze sulla <a href="/wiki/Pianificazione_linguistica" title="Pianificazione linguistica">pianificazione linguistica</a> del berbero. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FadhimataOultOughenis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/FadhimataOultOughenis.jpg/290px-FadhimataOultOughenis.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/FadhimataOultOughenis.jpg/435px-FadhimataOultOughenis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/FadhimataOultOughenis.jpg/580px-FadhimataOultOughenis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>La frase mnemonica che conterrebbe l'intero alfabeto <i>tifinagh</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etnia">Etnia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Etnia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Etnia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tassili_ladies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Tassili_ladies.jpg" decoding="async" width="297" height="361" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>"Le signore del Tassili", una famosa pittura rupestre - <a href="/wiki/Tassili_n%27Ajjer" title="Tassili n&#39;Ajjer">Tassili n'Ajjer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>I berberi rappresentano una popolazione <a href="/wiki/Europoide" title="Europoide">europoide</a>. Sembra che almeno fino all'età del bronzo (circa 1200 a.C.) tra le popolazioni berbere fosse piuttosto diffusa la <a href="/wiki/Depigmentazione" title="Depigmentazione">depigmentazione</a>, cioè l'<a href="/wiki/Albinismo" title="Albinismo">albinismo</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Biondismo" title="Biondismo">biondismo</a> come carattere genetico, documentata anche da pitture rupestri del <a href="/wiki/Tassili" class="mw-redirect" title="Tassili">Tassili</a> e in iscrizioni egiziane. La depigmentazione sopravvive in forma residuale, in particolare tra i berberi dell'<a href="/wiki/Atlante_(catena_montuosa)" title="Atlante (catena montuosa)">Atlante</a>, in Marocco, ed è anche testimoniata dagli spagnoli per i <a href="/wiki/Guanci" title="Guanci">Guanci</a> delle Canarie. </p><p>In realtà, per quanto si risalga indietro nel tempo, i Berberi sembrano avere popolato il Nordafrica fin dal <a href="/wiki/Neolitico" title="Neolitico">Neolitico</a>. Questo popolo è entrato nella storia già cinquemila anni fa: popolazioni berbere sono infatti citate fin dal 3000 a.C. nei testi egiziani. </p><p>La gran parte della popolazione in <a href="/wiki/Marocco" title="Marocco">Marocco</a> e Algeria è di origine berbera e comunità significative berbere sono presenti in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> e Libia. Minoranze berbere si trovano anche in <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, nelle regioni più occidentali dell'Egitto settentrionale e in alcuni Stati dell'Africa occidentale, in particolar modo nel Niger e nel Mali (i <a href="/wiki/Tuareg" title="Tuareg">Tuareg</a>). </p><p>Molte associazioni culturali, in Nordafrica e nei Paesi di emigrazione, sono sorte per rappresentare le istanze dei Berberi e per difendere i loro interessi e i loro diritti negati. Dal 1997 esiste un'organizzazione sovranazionale indipendente, il <a href="/wiki/Congresso_Mondiale_Amazigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Congresso Mondiale Amazigh">Congresso Mondiale Amazigh</a>, che mira a rappresentare con una voce unica a livello internazionale le associazioni culturali berbere di ogni parte del mondo. </p><p>Soltanto a seguito della <a href="/wiki/Primavera_araba" title="Primavera araba">primavera araba</a> i politici hanno reso la lingua berbera <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ufficiale" title="Lingua ufficiale">lingua ufficiale</a> in Marocco dal 2011<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e in Algeria dal 2016<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ST-berberfamily.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ST-berberfamily.jpg/220px-ST-berberfamily.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ST-berberfamily.jpg/330px-ST-berberfamily.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ST-berberfamily.jpg/440px-ST-berberfamily.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>Famiglia berbera di umili condizioni economiche in una litografia dell'Ottocento</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultura_materiale">Cultura materiale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Cultura materiale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Cultura materiale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alimentazione">Alimentazione</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Alimentazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Alimentazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Cucina_berbera" title="Cucina berbera">Cucina berbera</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Per quanto riguarda l'alimentazione<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> il piatto più caratteristico del Nordafrica è il <a href="/wiki/Cuscus" title="Cuscus">cuscus</a>, alimento costituito da <a href="/wiki/Farina#Farina_e_semola" title="Farina">semola</a> di <a href="/wiki/Frumento" class="mw-redirect" title="Frumento">frumento</a> o d'<a href="/wiki/Hordeum_vulgare" title="Hordeum vulgare">orzo</a> cotta a vapore e guarnita in vari modi, perlopiù con carni in umido o verdure e qualche volta anche pesce in umido. </p><p>Un'altra consuetudine alimentare tipicamente nordafricana è quella di preparazioni a base di farina di orzo raccolto ancora verde e poi tostato (cui si uniscono ingredienti vari, tra cui <a href="/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum" title="Trigonella foenum-graecum">fieno greco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lens_(botanica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (botanica)">lenticchie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumino" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumino">cumino</a>, ecc.). A seconda dei luoghi e delle lingue prevalenti, berbero (B) o arabo (A), queste preparazioni hanno il nome di <i>tazemmiṭ</i> (B), <i>arkuku</i> (B), <i>swik</i> (B), <i>zummiṭa</i> (A), tutte di un tipo che normalmente viene impastato solo con acqua e non dolcificato; <i>aḍemmin</i> (B), <i><a href="/wiki/Bsisa" title="Bsisa">bsisa</a></i> (A), <i>ṭemmina</i> (A), di un tipo che invece viene impastato anche con olio e spesso arricchito di elementi dolcificanti (<a href="/wiki/Dattero" title="Dattero">datteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miele" title="Miele">miele</a>...) <i>arkul</i>. Quest'ultimo cibo, gustoso e nutriente costituisce spesso l'elemento tipico dell'alimentazione durante il <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">ramadan</a> o per le partorienti che devono riprendere forze. Si tratta di un cibo assai antico (nel romanzo di <a href="/wiki/Apuleio" title="Apuleio">Apuleio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amore_e_Psiche" title="Amore e Psiche">Amore e Psiche</a>, Psiche ammansisce <a href="/wiki/Cerbero" title="Cerbero">Cerbero</a> con due <i>offae polentae</i> «focacce fatte di farina di orzo tostato»). Questo cibo è anche una specialità delle <a href="/wiki/Isole_Canarie" title="Isole Canarie">isole Canarie</a>, denominata <a href="/wiki/Isole_Canarie#Cucina_e_prodotti_tipici" title="Isole Canarie">gofio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bevande">Bevande</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Bevande" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bevande"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rito_del_th%C3%A8.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rito_del_th%C3%A8.jpeg/170px-Rito_del_th%C3%A8.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rito_del_th%C3%A8.jpeg/255px-Rito_del_th%C3%A8.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rito_del_th%C3%A8.jpeg/340px-Rito_del_th%C3%A8.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>Rappresentazione del "rito del tè"</figcaption></figure> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8" title="Tè">tè</a>, soprattutto quello alla <a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">menta</a>, è forse la bevanda più diffusa tra la gente berbera, soprattutto in Marocco e nel resto del Nordafrica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abbigliamento">Abbigliamento</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Abbigliamento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Abbigliamento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riguardo all'abbigliamento maschile l'elemento più caratteristico di tutto il <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> è il <a href="/wiki/Burnus" title="Burnus">burnus</a>, un ampio mantello di lana con cappuccio. Questo vale per i Paesi che si affacciano sul Mediterraneo o sull'Atlantico, mentre l'abbigliamento dei <a href="/wiki/Tuareg" title="Tuareg">tuareg</a> è leggermente diverso ed è caratterizzato da un velo (<i><a href="/wiki/Tagelmust" title="Tagelmust">tagelmust</a></i>) che copre la bocca e gran parte del volto, lasciando liberi solo gli occhi. Tra gli indumenti invernali maschili vi è anche la <a href="/wiki/Qashabiya" title="Qashabiya">qashabiya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> Steven L. Danvers. <i>Native Peoples of The World</i>. Routledge, 2012. Google Books. Web. 10 Mar. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=vf4TBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA23&amp;lpg=PA23&amp;dq=worldwide+berber+population&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=HPKN00Mkvi&amp;sig=oBkluYy9FPY1DH31zvWr1_tTqy8&amp;hl=fr&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCAQ6AEwAmoVChMIsrK-l5rIyAIVyVc-Ch0S4grs#v=onepage&amp;q=worldwide%20berber%20population&amp;f=false">Berber</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minorityrights.org/minorities/berber/">Berber</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-axl.cefan.ulaval.ca-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-axl.cefan.ulaval.ca_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-axl.cefan.ulaval.ca_3-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/berberes_Afrique.htm">Les Berbères en Afrique du Nord</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dglflf.culture.gouv.fr/lgfrance/lgfrance_presentation.htm">Les langues de France&#160;: un patrimoine méconnu, une réalité vivante</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Kadra (1983); LaPorte (2005) il quale fornisce alcune informazioni omesse da Kadra.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grancanariatraveltips.wordpress.com/2017/10/03/the-language-of-canaries-tamazight-culture/"><span style="font-style:italic;">The language of Canaries (Tamazight Culture)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">grancanariatraveltips.wordpress.com</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2011-07-02/approvato-marocco-referendum-riforme-103413.shtml?uuid=AaBhLjkD"><span style="font-style:italic;">Approvato in Marocco il referendum per le riforme costituzionali volute da re Mohammed VI</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ilsole24ore.com</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nena-news.it/algeria-approvate-le-riforme-costituzionali/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Algeria. Approvate le riforme costituzionali</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nena-news.it</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Sull'alimentazione berbera cf. Vermondo Brugnatelli, <i>Elementi per uno studio dell'alimentazione nelle regioni berbere</i>, in: D. Silvestri, A. Marra, I. Pinto (a c. di), <i>Saperi e sapori mediterranei. La cultura dell'alimentazione e i suoi riflessi linguistici (Napoli, 13-16 ottobre 1999)</i>, Napoli 2002, vol. III, pp. 1067-1089.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brett, Michael &amp; Fentress, Elizabeth, <i>The Berbers</i>, Oxford UK-Cambridge USA, Blackwell, 1996 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0631168524" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-16852-4</a></li> <li>Bougchiche, Lamara: <i>Langues et littératures berbères des origines à nos jours</i>, Paris, Ibis Press, 1997, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/2910728021" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-910728-02-1</a></li> <li>Camps, Gabriel, <i>I Berberi</i>, Milano, Jaca book, 1996 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8816436050" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-16-43605-0</a></li> <li>Chaker, Salem, "<i>Amazigh</i>, '(le/un) Berbère", in: S. Ch., <i>Linguistique berbère. Études de syntaxe et de diachronie</i>, Paris-Louvain, Peeters, 1995, pp. 125–131 - <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/2877231526" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-87723-152-6</a></li> <li>Chaker, Salem &amp; Zaborski, Andrzej (eds.), <i>Études berbères et chamito-sémitiques. Mélanges offerts à K.-G. Prasse</i>, Paris-Louvain, Peeters, 2000 - <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9042908262" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-429-0826-2</a></li> <li>Claudot-Hawad, Hélène, <i>Touaregs. Apprivoiser le désert</i>, Paris, Gallimard, 2002. (Collection <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">Découvertes Gallimard</a>; Cultures et société; nº 418).</li> <li>Féry, Raymond, <i>Médecin chez les Berbères</i> , Versailles, Ed. de l'Atlanthrope, 1986, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/2864420139" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-86442-013-9</a></li> <li>Hachid, Malika, <i>Les premiers Berbères - entre Méditerranée, Tassili et Nil</i> , Aix-en-Provence, Édisud, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/2744902276" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-7449-0227-6</a></li> <li>Leguil, Alphonse, <i>Contes berbères grivois du Haut-Atlas</i> , Paris [u.a.] , L'Harmattan, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/273849904X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-7384-9904-X</a></li> <li>Leguil, Alphonse, <i>Contes berbères de l'Atlas de Marrakech</i> , Paris, L'Harmattan, 1988, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/2738401635" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-7384-0163-5</a></li> <li>Fatima Kadria Kadra, 1983. <i>Les Djedars, monuments funéraires Berbères de la région de Frenda</i>. Office des Publications Universitaires, Algeri.</li> <li>Jean-Pierre LaPorte, 2005. <i>Les Djedars, monuments funéraires Berbères de la région de Tiaret et Frenda</i> In: <i>Identités et Cultures dans l'Algérie Antique</i>, Università di Rouen (<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/2877753913" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-87775-391-3</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architettura_berbera" title="Architettura berbera">Architettura berbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenomi_berberi" title="Prenomi berberi">Prenomi berberi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord Africa">Nord Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primavera_berbera" title="Primavera berbera">Primavera berbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primavera_nera" title="Primavera nera">Primavera nera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahidous" title="Ahidous">Ahidous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabilia" title="Cabilia">Cabilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsari_barbareschi" title="Corsari barbareschi">Corsari barbareschi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Berberi" class="extiw" title="q:Berberi">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Berber people"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Berber_people?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Berberi" class="extiw" title="q:Berberi">Berberi</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Berber_people?uselang=it">Berberi</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/berberi_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">berberi</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45315#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" 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.subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Berberi"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#ADFF2F"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Berberi" title="Template:Berberi"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Berberi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Berberi (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Berberi&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Berberi</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Antichi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd">Algeria (<a href="/wiki/Getuli" title="Getuli">Getuli</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Musulami" title="Musulami">Musulami</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Numidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Numidi">Numidi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quinquegentiani" title="Quinquegentiani">Quinquegentiani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maghrawa" title="Maghrawa">Maghrawa</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> Libia (<a href="/wiki/Libu" title="Libu">Libu</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marmaridi" title="Marmaridi">Marmaridi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mashuash" title="Mashuash">Mashuash</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nasamoni" title="Nasamoni">Nasamoni</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> Marocco (<a href="/wiki/Baquati" title="Baquati">Baquati</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mauri_(Mauretania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauri (Mauretania)">Mauri</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> Isole Canarie (<a href="/wiki/Guanci" title="Guanci">Guanci</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> Sahara (<a href="/wiki/Garamanti" title="Garamanti">Garamanti</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Oggi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even">Algeria (<a href="/wiki/Chaoui" title="Chaoui">Chaoui</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cabilia" title="Cabilia">Cabili</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chenouai" title="Chenouai">Chenouai</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mozabiti" title="Mozabiti">Mozabiti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tuareg" title="Tuareg">Tuareg</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> Egitto (<a href="/wiki/Isiwan" title="Isiwan">Isiwan</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> Libia (<a href="/wiki/At_Willul" title="At Willul">At Willul</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefusi_(popolo)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nefusi (popolo) (la pagina non esiste)">Nefusi</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> Marocco (<a href="/wiki/Masiri" title="Masiri">Masiri</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chleuh" title="Chleuh">Chleuh</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rifiani" title="Rifiani">Rifiani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zayani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zayani (la pagina non esiste)">Zayani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebrei_berberi" title="Ebrei berberi">Ebrei berberi</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> Sahara (<a href="/wiki/Tuareg" title="Tuareg">Tuareg</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kinnin" title="Kinnin">Kinnin</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4005571-1">4005571-1</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>,&#160;<abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560623">00560623</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 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