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<span>Forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_and_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Origin and distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hengiform_monument" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hengiform_monument"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hengiform monument</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hengiform_monument-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henge_enclosure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henge_enclosure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Henge enclosure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henge_enclosure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_henge_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_henge_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Modern henge monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_henge_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen%C4%9Do" title="Henĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Henĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinse" title="Heinse – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Heinse" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%92%27" title="הנג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F" title="Хенџ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хенџ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Хендж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хендж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henge" title="Henge – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Henge" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about stone age earth and stone constructs. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Henge_(film)" title="Henge (film)"><i>Henge</i> (film)</a>. For henge in Japanese folklore, see <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai"><i>Yōkai</i></a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Henge_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Henge (disambiguation)">Henge (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thornborough_Henge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Thornborough_Henge.jpg/220px-Thornborough_Henge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Thornborough_Henge.jpg/330px-Thornborough_Henge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Thornborough_Henge.jpg/440px-Thornborough_Henge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>The three aligned henges of the <a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough Henges</a> complex</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>henge</b> loosely describes one of three related types of <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthwork</a>. The essential characteristic of all three is that they feature a ring-shaped bank and ditch, with the ditch inside the bank. Because the internal ditches would have served defensive purposes poorly, henges are not considered to have been defensive constructions (cf. <a href="/wiki/Circular_rampart" title="Circular rampart">circular rampart</a>). The three henge types are as follows, with the figure in brackets being the approximate diameter of the central flat area: </p> <ol><li><b>Henge</b> (> 20 m (65 ft)).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>henge</i> refers to a particular type of earthwork of the Neolithic period, typically consisting of a roughly circular or oval-shaped bank with an internal ditch surrounding a central flat area of more than 20 m (66 ft) in diameter. There is typically little if any evidence of occupation in a henge, although they may contain ritual structures such as <a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">stone circles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">timber circles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cove_(standing_stones)" title="Cove (standing stones)">coves</a>. <b>Henge monument</b> is sometimes used as a synonym for henge. Henges sometimes, but by no means always, featured stone or timber circles, and <b>circle henge</b> is sometimes used to describe these structures. The three largest stone circles in Britain (<a href="/wiki/Avebury" title="Avebury">Avebury</a>, the Great Circle at <a href="/wiki/Stanton_Drew_stone_circles" title="Stanton Drew stone circles">Stanton Drew stone circles</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Brodgar" title="Ring of Brodgar">Ring of Brodgar</a>) are each within a henge. Examples of henges without significant internal monuments are the three henges of <a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough Henges</a>. Although having given its name to the word <i>henge</i>, <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> is atypical in that the ditch is outside the main earthwork bank.</li> <li><b>Hengiform monument</b> (5–20 m (15–65 ft)).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like an ordinary henge, except the central flat area is between 5 and 20 m (16–66 ft) in diameter, they comprise a modest earthwork with a fairly wide outer bank. The terms <b>mini-henge</b> (also <i>minihenge</i>) or <b>Dorchester henge</b> are sometimes used as synonyms for hengiform monument. An example is the Neolithic site at <a href="/wiki/Wormy_Hillock_Henge" title="Wormy Hillock Henge">Wormy Hillock Henge</a>.</li> <li><b>Henge enclosure</b> (> 300 m (1,000 ft)).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Neolithic ring earthwork with the ditch inside the bank, with the central flat area having abundant evidence of occupation and usually being more than 300 m (980 ft) in diameter. Some true henges are as large as this (e.g., Avebury), but lack evidence of domestic occupation. <b>Super-henge</b> or <i>superhenge</i> is sometimes used as a synonym for a henge enclosure. However, sometimes the term is used to indicate size alone rather than use, e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Marden_henge" class="mw-redirect" title="Marden henge">Marden henge</a> ... is the least understood of the four British 'superhenges' (the others being <a href="/wiki/Avebury" title="Avebury">Avebury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durrington_Walls" title="Durrington Walls">Durrington Walls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_Henge" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Pleasant Henge">Mount Pleasant Henge</a>)".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>henge</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Backformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Backformation">backformation</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>, the famous monument in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stonehenge is not a true henge, as its ditch runs outside its bank, although there is a small extant external bank as well. The term was first coined in 1932 by <a href="/wiki/T._D._Kendrick" title="T. D. Kendrick">Thomas Kendrick</a>, who later became the Keeper of British Antiquities at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pitts_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitts-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A broader usage of <i>henge</i> to refer to standing-stone monuments was recorded in Yorkshire in 1740, from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> usage dating to at least the 10th century,<sup id="cite_ref-OEDhenge_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEDhenge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a root of either <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">hencg</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Hinge" title="Hinge">hinge</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, or <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">hen(c)en</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">to hang</a>, to suspend</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forms">Forms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg/290px-Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg/435px-Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg/580px-Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Avebury" title="Avebury">Avebury</a> henge contains several stone circles</figcaption></figure> <p>Henges may be classified as follows: </p> <ul><li><b>Class I</b> henges, which have a single entrance created from a gap in the bank;</li> <li><b>Class II</b> henges which have two entrances, diametrically opposite each other;</li> <li><b>Class III</b> henges, which have four entrances, facing each other in pairs.</li></ul> <p>Sub groups exist for these when two or three internal ditches are present rather than one.<sup id="cite_ref-okneyjar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okneyjar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henges are usually associated with the Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age, and especially with the pottery of this period: Grooved Ware, Impressed Wares (formerly known as Peterborough Ware), and Beakers. Sites such as <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> also provide evidence of activity from the later <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Wessex_culture" title="Wessex culture">Wessex culture</a>. </p><p>Henges often contain evidence of a variety of internal features, including timber or stone circles, pits, or <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">burials</a>, which may pre- or post-date the henge enclosure. A henge should not be confused with a stone circle within it, as henges and stone circles can exist together or separately.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At <a href="/wiki/Arbor_Low" title="Arbor Low">Arbor Low</a> in <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, all the stones except one are laid flat and do not seem to have been erected, as no stone holes have been found. Elsewhere, often only the stone holes remain to indicate a former circle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some of the best-known henges are at: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avebury" title="Avebury">Avebury</a>, about 20 miles (32 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> on <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain" title="Salisbury Plain">Salisbury Plain</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowlton_Circles" title="Knowlton Circles">Knowlton Circles</a>, henge complex in <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maumbury_Rings" title="Maumbury Rings">Maumbury Rings</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a> (later reused as a Roman <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a><sup id="cite_ref-vd_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then as a <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a> fort)<sup id="cite_ref-vd_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayburgh_Henge" title="Mayburgh Henge">Mayburgh Henge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Brodgar" title="Ring of Brodgar">Ring of Brodgar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough Henges</a> complex in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> <p>Henges sometimes formed part of a <a href="/wiki/Ritual_landscape" title="Ritual landscape">ritual landscape</a> or complex, with other <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> monuments inside and outside the henge. Earlier monuments associated with a later henge might include Neolithic monuments such as a <a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">cursus</a> (e.g., at Thornborough Henges the central henge overlies the cursus), or a long barrow, such as the <a href="/wiki/West_Kennet_Long_Barrow" title="West Kennet Long Barrow">West Kennet Long Barrow</a> at <a href="/wiki/Avebury,_Wiltshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Avebury, Wiltshire">Avebury, Wiltshire</a>, or, as in the case of Stonehenge, <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> post holes. A circle of large pits <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2 km (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> mi) across is centered on <a href="/wiki/Durrington_Walls" title="Durrington Walls">Durrington Walls</a> henge.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later monuments added after the henge was built might include Bronze Age <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairns</a> as at <a href="/wiki/Arbor_Low" title="Arbor Low">Arbor Low</a>. </p><p>Examples of such ritual landscapes are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balfarg" title="Balfarg">Balfarg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li>Dunragit archaeological excavation site in <a href="/wiki/Wigtownshire" title="Wigtownshire">Wigtownshire</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Neolithic_Orkney" title="Heart of Neolithic Orkney">Heart of Neolithic Orkney</a>, the UNESCO World Heritage Site on the <a href="/wiki/Mainland" title="Mainland">Mainland</a>, one of the islands of <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge,_Avebury_and_Associated_Sites" title="Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites">Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites</a>, the UNESCO World Heritage Site located in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li>already mentioned: <a href="/wiki/Arbor_Low" title="Arbor Low">Arbor Low</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knowlton_Circles" title="Knowlton Circles">Knowlton Circles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanton_Drew_stone_circles" title="Stanton Drew stone circles">Stanton Drew stone circles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough Henges</a></li></ul> <p>Burials have been recorded at a number of excavated henges, both pre-dating the henge and as a result of secondary reuse. For example: </p> <ul><li>At Avebury, at least two very disturbed <a href="/wiki/Inhumation" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhumation">inhumations</a> were found in the central area<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairnpapple" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairnpapple">Cairnpapple</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Mains" title="North Mains">North Mains</a> both had some burials that pre-date the henges, as well others that post-date them<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_Round_Table,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="King Arthur's Round Table, Cumbria">King Arthur's Round Table, Cumbria</a>, a cremation trench lay within the monument<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At <a href="/wiki/Woodhenge" title="Woodhenge">Woodhenge</a>, a central burial of a child was interpreted by its excavators as a dedicatory offering <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At <a href="/wiki/Maxey,_Cambridgeshire" title="Maxey, Cambridgeshire">Maxey</a>, two cremation pit circles in the southern half of the henge, burials was also present within this monument<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_distribution">Origin and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origin and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ring_of_Brodgar_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ring_of_Brodgar_3.jpg/220px-Ring_of_Brodgar_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ring_of_Brodgar_3.jpg/330px-Ring_of_Brodgar_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ring_of_Brodgar_3.jpg/440px-Ring_of_Brodgar_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Brodgar" title="Ring of Brodgar">Ring of Brodgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, is a possible area of origin for henges</figcaption></figure> <p>Efforts to delineate a direct lineage for the henge from earlier enclosures have not been conclusive. Their chronological overlap with older structures makes it difficult to classify them as a coherent tradition. They seem to take the concept of creating a space separate from the outside world one step further than the <a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">causewayed enclosure</a>, and they focus attention on an internal point. In some cases, the construction of the bank and ditch was a stage that followed other activity on the site. At <a href="/wiki/Balfarg" title="Balfarg">Balfarg</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Mains" title="North Mains">North Mains</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cairnpapple" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairnpapple">Cairnpapple</a>, for example, earlier <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremations</a> and deliberate smashing of pottery predate the enclosure. </p><p>Concentrations of henges occur over much of Britain. <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> (Cunliffe 2001) and <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> (Burl 1969) have both been suggested as the original <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">provenance</a> of the monument type; however, others remain unconvinced (Barclay 2005). Unlike earlier enclosure monuments, henges were not usually built on hilltops but on low-lying ground, often close to watercourses and good agricultural land. </p><p>Some scholars, such as the editors of the 1982 edition of the <i>Penguin Dictionary of Archaeology</i> (Bray and Trump, 1982), have claimed that henges are unique to the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>. They state that similar, much earlier, circles on the European continent, such as <a href="/wiki/Goseck_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Goseck circle">Goseck circle</a> (which has no bank), and later ones such as <a href="/wiki/Goloring" title="Goloring">Goloring</a> are not proper "henges". But <i>The Penguin Archaeological Guide</i> (Bahn, 2001) does not comment on geographical locations for henges. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wyke_down_henge_ditch_pits_dorset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Wyke_down_henge_ditch_pits_dorset.jpg/220px-Wyke_down_henge_ditch_pits_dorset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Wyke_down_henge_ditch_pits_dorset.jpg/330px-Wyke_down_henge_ditch_pits_dorset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Wyke_down_henge_ditch_pits_dorset.jpg/440px-Wyke_down_henge_ditch_pits_dorset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Excavated henge ditch on Wyke Down (Dorset). The ditch was originally dug as a <a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">causewayed enclosure</a> and may therefore not be a henge.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Julian_Cope" title="Julian Cope">Julian Cope</a>, in <i>The Megalithic European</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposes that the henge was a regional development from the Europe-wide <a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">causewayed enclosure</a>. He notes it appeared following a cultural upheaval in around 3000 BC, which inspired the peoples of Neolithic Europe to develop more independently. He notes the <a href="/wiki/Rondel_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Rondel enclosure">rondel enclosures</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Isar_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Isar Valley">Isar Valley</a>, which according to investigations by the German archaeologist R. A. Maier, "drew comparisons with the henge monuments and causewayed enclosures of the British Isles." Although still with a multiple-causewayed ditch and entrances at cardinal points, the roundels are described by John Hodgson (2003) as not being positioned with defensive aims in mind. The largest, at Kothingeichendorf, appeared to be "midway between a henge and a causewayed enclosure". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Whittle" title="Alasdair Whittle">Alasdair Whittle</a> (2005) also views the development of the henge as a regional variation within a European tradition that included a variety of ditched enclosures. He notes that henges and the <a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">grooved ware</a> pottery often found at them are two examples of the British Neolithic not found on the Continent. <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Malone" title="Caroline Malone">Caroline Malone</a> (2001) also says that henges were not built in the rest of Western Europe, but they developed from a broader tradition of enclosure to become "a phenomenon of the British Isles, a native tradition with sophisticated architecture and calendrical functions." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Henge" title="Special:EditPage/Henge">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Henges may have been used for <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">rituals</a> or <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomical observation</a> rather than day-to-day activity. That their ditches are located inside their banks indicates that they were not used for defence, and that the barrier of the earthworks was more likely symbolic than functional. Following arguments presented for <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> enclosures, Barclay suggested that they are 'defensive': that the ditch and bank face something 'dangerous' inside the enclosure. He has also suggested that the considerable range of elements surrounded by the earthworks, and the very long date range, are because henges were designed mainly to enclose pre-existing ceremonial sites that were seen as 'ritually charged' and therefore dangerous to people. It has been conjectured that whatever took place inside the enclosures was intended to be separate from the outside world and perhaps known only to select individuals or groups. </p><p>The alignment of henges is a contentious issue. Popular belief is that their entrances point towards certain heavenly bodies. But henge orientation is highly variable and may have been determined more by local topography than by desire for symbolic orientation. Statistical analysis showed that Class I henges have a slight tendency to have an entrance set in the north or north-east quarter. Class II henges generally have their axes aligned approximately south-east to north-west or north-east to south-west. </p><p>It has been suggested that the stone and timber structures sometimes built inside henges were used as solar declinometers to measure the position of the rising or setting sun. These structures do not appear in all henges; and when they do, often they are considerably more recent than the henges. Thus, they are not necessarily connected with the henge's original function. It has been conjectured that the henges would have been used to synchronize a calendar to the solar cycle for purposes of planting crops or timing religious rituals. Some henges have poles, stones or entrances that indicate the position of the rising or setting sun during the <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinoxes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstices</a>, while others appear to frame certain constellations. Additionally, many are placed so that nearby hills either mark or do not interfere with such observations. Finally, some henges appear to be placed at particular latitudes. For example, a number are placed at a <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> of 55 degrees north, where the same two markers can indicate the rising and setting sun for both the spring and autumn equinoxes. But as henges are present from the extreme north to the extreme south of Britain, their latitude could not have been of great importance. </p><p>Formalisation is commonly attributed to henges: indications of the builders' concerns to control the arrival at, entrance into, and movement within the enclosures. This was achieved by placing flanking stones or <a href="/wiki/Avenue_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avenue (archaeology)">avenues</a> at the entrances of some henges, or by dividing the internal space with <a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">timber circles</a>. While some henges were the first monuments to be built in their areas, others were added to already important landscapes, especially the larger examples. </p><p>The concentric nature of many of the internal features, such as the five rings of postholes at Balfarg or the six at Woodhenge, may represent a finer distinction than the inside-out differences suggested by henge earthworks. The ordering of space and the circular movement suggested by the sometimes densely packed internal features indicates a sophisticated degree of spatial understanding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hengiform_monument">Hengiform monument</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hengiform monument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Henge" title="Special:EditPage/Henge">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hengiform monuments, or mini henges, are distributed throughout England and mainland Scotland (with examples as far north as Caithness), though no examples have been found in Wales. Pits, <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postholes" class="mw-redirect" title="Postholes">postholes</a>, stone-sockets, and graves have been found within them, and postholes and cremation pits have also been found to be present close to the site in some cases. They typically have either one entrance or two opposing entrances. In plan, a mini henge can be mistaken for a ploughed-out <a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">round barrow</a>, although the former tend to be slightly larger and their earthworks more substantial. As with ordinary henges, they are thought to have served ritual purposes and are thought to be of late Neolithic date. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Henge_enclosure">Henge enclosure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Henge enclosure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Henge" title="Special:EditPage/Henge">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Henge enclosures often contain or lie close to one or more ordinary henges. Finds of animal bone, <a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">grooved ware</a> pottery, and evidence of dwellings have been found and coupled with the time and energy needed to build them, it is considered that they must have been important social centres analogous to tribal capitals. Two or four evenly spaced entrances lead through the earthwork to the centre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maelmin_-_reconstruction_of_henge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420781.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maelmin Henge, constructed in 2000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maelmin_-_reconstruction_of_henge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420781.jpg/220px-Maelmin_-_reconstruction_of_henge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420781.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maelmin_-_reconstruction_of_henge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420781.jpg/330px-Maelmin_-_reconstruction_of_henge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420781.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maelmin_-_reconstruction_of_henge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420781.jpg/440px-Maelmin_-_reconstruction_of_henge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420781.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Maelmin Henge, constructed in 2000</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_henge_monuments">Modern henge monuments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern henge monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A henge monument was restored at the <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Quoits" title="Devil's Quoits">Devil's Quoits</a> in Oxfordshire between 2002 and 2008. </p><p>In modern times a number of henge type monuments have been built, examples include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maelmin_Henge" title="Maelmin Henge">Maelmin henge</a> (2000) <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Arctic Henge <a href="/wiki/Raufarh%C3%B6fn" title="Raufarhöfn">Raufarhöfn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (1996)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achill-henge" title="Achill-henge">Achill-henge</a> (2011), Ireland<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark_Henge" title="Sark Henge">Sark Henge</a>, Sark, Channel Islands (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_ditches" class="mw-redirect" title="Circular ditches">Circular ditches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_rampart" title="Circular rampart">Circular rampart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_megalithic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="European megalithic culture">European megalithic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">Megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_alignments" title="Pit alignments">Pit alignments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">Sundial</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514050533/http://www.eng-h.gov.uk/mpp/mcd/sub/henges1.htm">"Early Prehistoric Monuments - Henges"</a>. English Heritage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng-h.gov.uk/mpp/mcd/sub/henges1.htm">the original</a> on 14 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Prehistoric+Monuments+-+Henges&rft.pub=English+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eng-h.gov.uk%2Fmpp%2Fmcd%2Fsub%2Fhenges1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602212229/http://www.eng-h.gov.uk/mpp/mcd/sub/hg1.htm">"Early Prehistoric Monuments - Hengi-Form Monuments"</a>. English Heritage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng-h.gov.uk/mpp/mcd/sub/hg1.htm">the original</a> on 2 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Prehistoric+Monuments+-+Hengi-Form+Monuments&rft.pub=English+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eng-h.gov.uk%2Fmpp%2Fmcd%2Fsub%2Fhg1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602215010/http://www.eng-h.gov.uk/mpp/mcd/sub/henen1.htm">"Early Prehistoric Monuments - Henge Enclosure"</a>. English Heritage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng-h.gov.uk/mpp/mcd/sub/henen1.htm">the original</a> on 2 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Prehistoric+Monuments+-+Henge+Enclosure&rft.pub=English+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eng-h.gov.uk%2Fmpp%2Fmcd%2Fsub%2Fhenen1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLearyClarkeBell2016" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Leary, Jim; Clarke, Amanda; Bell, Martin (July 2016). "Valley of the henges". <i>Current Archaeology</i>. XXVII, No. 4 (316): <span class="nowrap">28–</span>34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Valley+of+the+henges&rft.volume=XXVII%2C+No.+4&rft.issue=316&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.date=2016-07&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Clarke%2C+Amanda&rft.au=Bell%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnon" class="citation web cs1">Anon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/henge">"Henge definition"</a>. <i>dictionary.com</i>. Dictionary.com LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Henge+definition&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fhenge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRothwell" class="citation web cs1">Rothwell, Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitaldigging.net/henges-or-the-archaeology-of-etymology-or-vice-versa/">"Henges – or the archaeology of etymology (or vice versa); The man who gave us the word"</a>. <i>Digital digging</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+digging&rft.atitle=Henges+%E2%80%93+or+the+archaeology+of+etymology+%28or+vice+versa%29%3B+The+man+who+gave+us+the+word&rft.aulast=Rothwell&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitaldigging.net%2Fhenges-or-the-archaeology-of-etymology-or-vice-versa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitts-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pitts_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPitts2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pitts_(archaeologist)" title="Mike Pitts (archaeologist)">Pitts, Michael</a> (2011). <i>Hengeworld</i>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>28. <q>Stonehenge is not a henge. This bizarre contribution … was first used by … Thomas Kendrick. … Technically, [henges] are earthwork enclosures in which a ditch was dug to make a bank, which was thrown up on the outside edge of the ditch.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hengeworld&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Pitts&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarrowWilkin2022" class="citation book cs1">Garrow, Duncan; Wilkin, Neil (2022). <i>The World of Stonehenge</i>. London: British Museum Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-07141-2349-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-07141-2349-3"><bdi>978-07141-2349-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Stonehenge&rft.place=London&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-07141-2349-3&rft.aulast=Garrow&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft.au=Wilkin%2C+Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEDhenge-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OEDhenge_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0008unse">"Stonehenge; henge<sup>2</sup>"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stonehenge%3B+henge%3Csup%3E2%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordenglishdic0008unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span> Quotes <a href="/wiki/William_Stukeley" title="William Stukeley">William Stukeley</a> (1740): "Pendulous rocks are now called henges in Yorkshire ... I doubt not, <i>Stonehenge</i> in Saxon signifies the 'hanging stones'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChippindale2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Chippindale" title="Christopher Chippindale">Chippindale, Christopher</a> (2004). <i>Stonehenge Complete</i>. London: Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-28467-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-28467-9"><bdi>0-500-28467-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stonehenge+Complete&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-500-28467-9&rft.aulast=Chippindale&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-okneyjar-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-okneyjar_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTowrie" class="citation web cs1">Towrie, Sigurd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/henge.htm">"The definition of a henge"</a>. <i>Orkneyjar: The Heritage of the Orkney Islands</i>. Sigurd Towrie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orkneyjar%3A+The+Heritage+of+the+Orkney+Islands&rft.atitle=The+definition+of+a+henge&rft.aulast=Towrie&rft.aufirst=Sigurd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orkneyjar.com%2Fhistory%2Fhenge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vd-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vd_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vd_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visit-dorchester.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=40">"Maumbury Rings"</a>. Visit Dorchester<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maumbury+Rings&rft.pub=Visit+Dorchester&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvisit-dorchester.co.uk%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D18%26Itemid%3D40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaffneyBaldwinBatesBates2020" class="citation journal cs1">Gaffney, Vincent; Baldwin, Eamonn; Bates, Martin; Bates, C. Richard; Gaffney, Christopher; Hamilton, Derek; Kinnaird, Tim; Neubauer, Wolfgang; Yorston, Ronald; Allaby, Robin; Chapman, Henry; Garwood, Paul; Löcker, Klaus; Hinterleitner, Alois; Sparrow, Tom; Trinks, Immo; Wallner, Mario; Leivers, Matthew (21 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue55/4/index.html">"A Massive, Late Neolithic Pit Structure associated with Durrington Walls Henge"</a>. <i>Internet Archaeology</i> (55). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11141%2Fia.55.4">10.11141/ia.55.4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10454%2F18007">10454/18007</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archaeology&rft.atitle=A+Massive%2C+Late+Neolithic+Pit+Structure+associated+with+Durrington+Walls+Henge&rft.issue=55&rft.date=2020-06-21&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10454%2F18007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11141%2Fia.55.4&rft.aulast=Gaffney&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+Eamonn&rft.au=Bates%2C+Martin&rft.au=Bates%2C+C.+Richard&rft.au=Gaffney%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+Derek&rft.au=Kinnaird%2C+Tim&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+Wolfgang&rft.au=Yorston%2C+Ronald&rft.au=Allaby%2C+Robin&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Henry&rft.au=Garwood%2C+Paul&rft.au=L%C3%B6cker%2C+Klaus&rft.au=Hinterleitner%2C+Alois&rft.au=Sparrow%2C+Tom&rft.au=Trinks%2C+Immo&rft.au=Wallner%2C+Mario&rft.au=Leivers%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintarch.ac.uk%2Fjournal%2Fissue55%2F4%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519201955/http://orgs.man.ac.uk/research/dunragit/">"Dunragit"</a>. <i>orgs.man.ac.uk</i>. 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Woodhenge, the origins"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stonehenge.+Woodhenge%2C+the+origins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stonehenge-stone-circle.co.uk%2Fwoodhenge-wessex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1030942&resourceID=19191">"Heritage Gateway - Results"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+Gateway+-+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D1030942%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCope2004" class="citation book cs1">Cope, Julian (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marketing.harpercollins.co.uk/Contents/Title/Pages/default.aspx?objId=24513"><i>The Megalithic European: The 21st Century Traveller in Prehistoric Europe</i></a>. Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-713802-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-713802-9"><bdi>978-0-00-713802-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Megalithic+European%3A+The+21st+Century+Traveller+in+Prehistoric+Europe&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-00-713802-9&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarketing.harpercollins.co.uk%2FContents%2FTitle%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3FobjId%3D24513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maelmin.org.uk/index.php?page=the-henge#:~:text=With%20its%20entrance%20aligned%20on,part%20of%20a%20processional%20way.">"The Henge - maelmin.org.uk"</a>. <i>www.maelmin.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maelmin.org.uk&rft.atitle=The+Henge+-+maelmin.org.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maelmin.org.uk%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dthe-henge%23%3A~%3Atext%3DWith%2520its%2520entrance%2520aligned%2520on%2Cpart%2520of%2520a%2520processional%2520way.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-arctic-henge">"The Arctic Henge"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=The+Arctic+Henge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fthe-arctic-henge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17034637">"Is Ireland's Achill-henge a beauty or a blight?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2012-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Is+Ireland%27s+Achill-henge+a+beauty+or+a+blight%3F&rft.date=2012-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-17034637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200606145357/https://www.sark.co.uk/sark-henge-12778/">"Sark Henge | Sark Island Tourism"</a>. 2016-01-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sark.co.uk/sark-henge-12778/">the original</a> on 2020-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sark+Henge+%7C+Sark+Island+Tourism&rft.date=2016-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sark.co.uk%2Fsark-henge-12778%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Bahn, P.G. (ed.) (2001) <i>The Penguin Archaeological Guide</i>, Penguin, London.</li> <li>Barclay, G. J. (2005) <i>The henge and hengiform in Scotland</i>, in <i>Set in stone: new approaches to Neolithic monuments in Scotland</i>, Cummings, V. and Pannett, A. (eds.) Oxbow, Oxford, pp. 81–94.</li> <li>Bray, W. and Trump D. (eds.) (1982) <i>The Penguin Dictionary of Archaeology</i>, Penguin, London.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurl1969" class="citation journal cs1">Burl, A (1969). "Henges: internal features and regional groups". <i>Archaeological Journal</i>. <b>126</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00665983.1969.11077434">10.1080/00665983.1969.11077434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeological+Journal&rft.atitle=Henges%3A+internal+features+and+regional+groups&rft.volume=126&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00665983.1969.11077434&rft.aulast=Burl&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cunliffe, B. (2001) <i>Facing the Ocean: the Atlantic and its Periphery 8000 BC–AD 1500</i>, Oxford University Press, Oxford.</li> <li>Hodgson, J. (2003) <i>Neolithic Enclosures in the Isar Valley, Bavaria</i> in <i>Enclosures and Defences in the Neolithic of Western Europe (Part ii)</i>, Burgess, C., Topping, P., Mordant, C. and Maddison, M. (eds.) Oxbow, quoted in Cope, J. (2004) <i>The Megalithic European</i>, HarperCollins, pp. 48–49.</li> <li>Malone, C. (2001) <i>Neolithic Britain and Ireland</i>, Tempus, Stroud.</li> <li>Whittle, A. (2005) <i>The Neolithic Period</i> in <i>The Archaeology of Britain</i>, Hunter, I. and Ralston, J. (eds.), Routledge, London.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Atkinson, R. J. C. (1951) <i>The henge monuments of Great Britain</i>.</li> <li>Thomas, J. (2004) <i>Understanding the Neolithic</i>, Routledge, London.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gefrin.com/henges/about.htm">Gefrin website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055855/http://www.gefrin.com/henges/about.htm">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Henges in Northumberland including computer animation of Milfield North henge.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514050533/http://www.eng-h.gov.uk/mpp/mcd/sub/henges1.htm">English Heritage website:</a> "henge" defined</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megalithic.co.uk/search.php?query=&sitetype=11">Henge search results</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megalithic.co.uk/">The Megalithic Portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.themodernantiquarian.com">http://www.themodernantiquarian.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311073420/http://henges.no.sapo.pt/">https://web.archive.org/web/20070311073420/http://henges.no.sapo.pt/</a> New Henge Theory – Engineering in Prehistory</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523222752/http://www.digitaldigging.co.uk/features/essays/henges.html">Henge monuments at Digital Digging</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Dolmen de Mané-Kerioned (page does not exist)">Dolmen de Mané-Kerioned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filitosa" title="Filitosa">Filitosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallardet_Dolmen" title="Gallardet Dolmen">Gallardet Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavrinis" title="Gavrinis">Gavrinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrespil" title="Harrespil">Harrespil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoti%C3%A9_de_Viviane" title="Hotié de Viviane">Hotié de Viviane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerz%C3%A9rho" title="Kerzérho">Kerzérho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locmariaquer_megaliths" title="Locmariaquer megaliths">Locmariaquer megaliths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mane_Braz" title="Mane Braz">Mane Braz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddaghju" title="Paddaghju">Paddaghju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyre-Brune" title="Peyre-Brune">Peyre-Brune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombeau_de_Merlin" title="Tombeau de Merlin">Tombeau de Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremeca" title="Tremeca">Tremeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verziau_of_Gargantua" title="Verziau of Gargantua">Verziau of Gargantua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altendorf_(megalithic_tomb)" title="Altendorf (megalithic tomb)">Altendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denghoog" title="Denghoog">Denghoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraubillen_cross" title="Fraubillen cross">Fraubillen cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harhoog" title="Harhoog">Harhoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancken-Granitz_dolmens" title="Lancken-Granitz dolmens">Lancken-Granitz dolmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohra_(megalithic_tomb)" title="Lohra (megalithic tomb)">Lohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaliths_in_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Megaliths in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Megaliths in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedertiefenbach_(megalithic_tomb)" title="Niedertiefenbach (megalithic tomb)">Niedertiefenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldendorfer_Totenstatt" title="Oldendorfer Totenstatt">Oldendorfer Totenstatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesenstein_(Wolfershausen)" title="Riesenstein (Wolfershausen)">Riesenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_of_Megalithic_Culture" title="Route of Megalithic Culture">Route of Megalithic Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieben_Steinh%C3%A4user" title="Sieben Steinhäuser">Sieben Steinhäuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotanstein_(Hesse)" title="Wotanstein (Hesse)">Wotanstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCschen_(megalithic_tomb)" title="Züschen (megalithic tomb)">Züschen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guernsey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castel_Menhir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castel Menhir (page does not exist)">Castel Menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Creux_%C3%A8s_Fa%C3%AFes" title="Le Creux ès Faïes">Le Creux ès Faïes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9hus_Dolmen" title="Déhus Dolmen">Déhus Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Fouillages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Fouillages (page does not exist)">Les Fouillages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gran%27m%C3%A8re_du_Chimqui%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="La Gran'mère du Chimquière">La Gran'mère du Chimquière</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Tr%C3%A9pied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Trépied (page does not exist)">Le Trépied</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Varde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Varde (page does not exist)">La Varde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_five-stone_circles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of five-stone circles">List of five-stone circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multiple-stone_circles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of multiple-stone circles">List of multiple-stone circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aideen%27s_Grave" title="Aideen's Grave">Aideen's Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardgroom" title="Ardgroom">Ardgroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardristan_standing_stones" title="Ardristan standing stones">Ardristan standing stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltany_stone_circle" title="Beltany stone circle">Beltany stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohonagh" title="Bohonagh">Bohonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennanstown_Portal_Tomb" title="Brennanstown Portal Tomb">Brennanstown Portal Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownshill_dolmen" title="Brownshill dolmen">Brownshill dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BA_na_B%C3%B3inne" title="Brú na Bóinne">Brú na Bóinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carraig_%C3%A1_Mhaistin_stone" title="Carraig á Mhaistin stone">Carraig á Mhaistin stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrigagulla" title="Carrigagulla">Carrigagulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrowmore" title="Carrowmore">Carrowmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlenalacht_Stone_Row" title="Castlenalacht Stone Row">Castlenalacht Stone Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlestrange_Stone" title="Castlestrange Stone">Castlestrange Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creevykeel_Court_Tomb" title="Creevykeel Court Tomb">Creevykeel Court Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drombeg_stone_circle" title="Drombeg stone circle">Drombeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulstown_Portal_Tomb" title="Gaulstown Portal Tomb">Gaulstown Portal Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glantane_East" title="Glantane East">Glantane East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grange_stone_circle" title="Grange stone circle">Grange stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kealkill_stone_circle" title="Kealkill stone circle">Kealkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocknakilla" title="Knocknakilla">Knocknakilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meehambee_Dolmen" title="Meehambee Dolmen">Meehambee Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Venus" title="Mount Venus">Mount Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper%27s_Stones" title="Piper's Stones">Piper's Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poulnabrone_dolmen" title="Poulnabrone dolmen">Poulnabrone dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reask" title="Reask">Reask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templebryan_Stone_Circle" title="Templebryan Stone Circle">Templebryan Stone Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turoe_Stone" title="Turoe Stone">Turoe Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uragh_Stone_Circle" title="Uragh Stone Circle">Uragh Stone Circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_dolmens" title="Jersey dolmens">Jersey dolmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hougue_Bie" title="La Hougue Bie">La Hougue Bie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_Temples_of_Malta" title="Megalithic Temples of Malta">Megalithic Temples</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bor%C4%A1_l-Imramma" title="Borġ l-Imramma">Borġ l-Imramma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bor%C4%A1_in-Nadur" title="Borġ in-Nadur">Borġ in-Nadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C4%A1ibba_Temple" title="Buġibba Temple">Buġibba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debdieba" title="Debdieba">Debdieba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%A0gantija" title="Ġgantija">Ġgantija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%A6a%C4%A1ar_Qim" title="Ħaġar Qim">Ħaġar Qim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%A6al_%C4%A0inwi_temple" title="Ħal Ġinwi temple">Ħal Ġinwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordin_Temples" title="Kordin Temples">Kordin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnajdra" title="Mnajdra">Mnajdra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qortin_l-Imdawwar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qortin l-Imdawwar (page does not exist)">Qortin l-Imdawwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Verna" title="Santa Verna">Santa Verna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skorba_Temples" title="Skorba Temples">Skorba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27_%C4%A6a%C4%A1rat_Temples" title="Ta' Ħaġrat Temples">Ta' Ħaġrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%27_Mar%C5%BCiena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta' Marżiena (page does not exist)">Ta' Marżiena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%27_Raddiena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta' Raddiena (page does not exist)">Ta' Raddiena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal-Qadi_Temple" title="Tal-Qadi Temple">Tal-Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarxien_Temples" title="Tarxien Temples">Tarxien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemxija_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xemxija Temple (page does not exist)">Xemxija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xrobb_l-G%C4%A7a%C4%A1in_Temple" title="Xrobb l-Għaġin Temple">Xrobb l-Għaġin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%A6al_Saflieni_Hypogeum" title="Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum">Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xag%C4%A7ra_Stone_Circle" title="Xagħra Stone Circle">Xagħra Stone Circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunebed" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunebed">Hunebed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%85chn%C3%B3wko" title="Brąchnówko">Brąchnówko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzybnica" class="mw-redirect" title="Grzybnica">Grzybnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odry,_Poland" title="Odry, Poland">Odry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99siory" title="Węsiory">Węsiory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almendres_Cromlech" title="Almendres Cromlech">Almendres Cromlech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_de_Adrenunes" title="Anta de Adrenunes">Anta de Adrenunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_de_Agualva" title="Anta de Agualva">Anta de Agualva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_do_Alto_da_Toupeira" title="Anta do Alto da Toupeira">Anta do Alto da Toupeira‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antas_do_Barrocal" title="Antas do Barrocal">Antas do Barrocal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_de_Carcavelos" title="Anta de Carcavelos">Anta de Carcavelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_da_Estria" title="Anta da Estria">Anta da Estria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antas_da_Valeira" title="Antas da Valeira">Antas da Valeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_do_Monte_Abra%C3%A3o" title="Anta do Monte Abraão">Anta do Monte Abraão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antas_do_Olival_da_P%C3%AAga" title="Antas do Olival da Pêga">Antas do Olival da Pêga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_da_Pedra_dos_Mouros" title="Anta da Pedra dos Mouros">Anta da Pedra dos Mouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_das_Pedras_Grandes" title="Anta das Pedras Grandes">Anta das Pedras Grandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_da_Vidigueira" title="Anta da Vidigueira">Anta da Vidigueira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dolmen_of_Zambujeiro" title="Great Dolmen of Zambujeiro">Great Dolmen of Zambujeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barreira_Megalithic_Complex" title="Barreira Megalithic Complex">Barreira Megalithic Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_of_Cunha_Baixa" title="Dolmen of Cunha Baixa">Dolmen of Cunha Baixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_of_Carapito_I" title="Dolmen of Carapito I">Dolmen of Carapito I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dolmen_of_Comenda_da_Igreja" title="Great Dolmen of Comenda da Igreja">Great Dolmen of Comenda da Igreja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir_of_Outeiro" title="Menhir of Outeiro">Menhir of Outeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir_of_Bulhoa" title="Menhir of Bulhoa">Menhir of Bulhoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_Maria_do_Meio_Cromlech" title="Vale Maria do Meio Cromlech">Vale Maria do Meio Cromlech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerez_Cromlech" title="Xerez Cromlech">Xerez Cromlech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolmens_of_North_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolmens of North Caucasus">Dolmens of North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Horseman#Thunder_Stone" title="Bronze Horseman">Thunder Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaliths_in_the_Urals" title="Megaliths in the Urals">Megaliths in the Urals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_geoglyph" title="Russian geoglyph">Russian geoglyph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scandinavia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picture_stone" title="Picture stone">Picture stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle_(Iron_Age)" title="Stone circle (Iron Age)">Stone circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_ship" title="Stone ship">Stone ships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antequera_Dolmens_Site" title="Antequera Dolmens Site">Antequera Dolmens Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabola_de_la_Hechicera" title="Chabola de la Hechicera">Chabola de la Hechicera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cova_d%27en_Daina" title="Cova d'en Daina">Cova d'en Daina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_de_Axeitos" title="Dolmen de Axeitos">Dolmen de Axeitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_of_Guadalperal" title="Dolmen of Guadalperal">Dolmen of Guadalperal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_of_Menga" title="Dolmen of Menga">Dolmen of Menga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_de_la_Pastora" title="Dolmen de la Pastora">Dolmen de la Pastora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_del_prado_de_L%C3%A1cara" title="Dolmen del prado de Lácara">Dolmen del prado de Lácara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_de_Soto" title="Dolmen de Soto">Dolmen de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen_de_Viera" title="Dolmen de Viera">Dolmen de Viera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Torre-La_Janera_megalithic_site" title="La Torre-La Janera megalithic site">La Torre–La Janera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_Matge" class="mw-redirect" title="Son Matge">Son Matge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obelisk_of_Theodosius" title="Obelisk of Theodosius">Obelisk of Theodosius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_Stones_(Ukraine)" title="Boundary Stones (Ukraine)">Boundary Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United<br />Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbor_Low" title="Arbor Low">Arbor Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avebury" title="Avebury">Avebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbrook_One" title="Barbrook One">Barbrook One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkrigg_stone_circle" title="Birkrigg stone circle">Birkrigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boscawen-Un" title="Boscawen-Un">Boscawen-Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boskednan_stone_circle" title="Boskednan stone circle">Boskednan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridestones" title="The Bridestones">Bridestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Willy_Cairns" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Willy Cairns">Brown Willy Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bull_Ring" title="The Bull Ring">Bull Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnmoor_stone_circles" title="Burnmoor stone circles">Burnmoor stone circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlerigg_stone_circle" title="Castlerigg stone circle">Castlerigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craddock_Moor_stone_circle" title="Craddock Moor stone circle">Craddock Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Arrows" title="Devil's Arrows">Devil's Arrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doll_Tor" title="Doll Tor">Doll Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drizzlecombe" title="Drizzlecombe">Drizzlecombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duloe_stone_circle" title="Duloe stone circle">Duloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernacre" title="Fernacre">Fernacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Wells" title="Five Wells">Five Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardom%27s_Edge" title="Gardom's Edge">Gardom's Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodaver_stone_circle" title="Goodaver stone circle">Goodaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wethers" title="Grey Wethers">Grey Wethers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoarstones" title="Hoarstones">Hoarstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordron_Edge_stone_circle" title="Hordron Edge stone circle">Hordron Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hurlers_(stone_circles)" title="The Hurlers (stone circles)">Hurlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leper_Stone" title="Leper Stone">Leper Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Meg_and_Her_Daughters" title="Long Meg and Her Daughters">Long Meg and Her Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%AAn-an-Tol" title="Mên-an-Tol">Mên-an-Tol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Maidens" title="The Merry Maidens">Merry Maidens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell%27s_Fold" title="Mitchell's Fold">Mitchell's Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulfra_Quoit" title="Mulfra Quoit">Mulfra Quoit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Ladies" title="Nine Ladies">Nine Ladies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stones,_Altarnun" title="Nine Stones, Altarnun">Nine Stones, Altarnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stones_Close" title="Nine Stones Close">Nine Stones Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pipers" title="The Pipers">Pipers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollright_Stones" title="Rollright Stones">Rollright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudston_Monolith" title="Rudston Monolith">Rudston Monolith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorhill" title="Scorhill">Scorhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stannon_stone_circle" title="Stannon stone circle">Stannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Drew_stone_circles" title="Stanton Drew stone circles">Stanton Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripple_stones" title="Stripple stones">Stripple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinside" title="Swinside">Swinside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trethevy_Quoit" title="Trethevy Quoit">Trethevy Quoit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trippet_stones" title="Trippet stones">Trippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aughlish" title="Aughlish">Aughlish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballynoe_stone_circle" title="Ballynoe stone circle">Ballynoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaghmore" title="Beaghmore">Beaghmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corick" title="Corick">Corick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumskinny" title="Drumskinny">Drumskinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legananny_Dolmen" title="Legananny Dolmen">Legananny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant%27s_Ring" title="Giant's Ring">Giant's Ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recumbent_stone_circles" title="List of recumbent stone circles">List of recumbent stone circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auld_Bourtreebush" title="Auld Bourtreebush">Auld Bourtreebush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balquhain" title="Balquhain">Balquhain</a></li> <li>Callanish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_Stones" title="Callanish Stones">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_II" title="Callanish II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_III" title="Callanish III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_IV" title="Callanish IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_VIII" title="Callanish VIII">VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_X" title="Callanish X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlin_stone" title="Carlin stone">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Stane" title="Cat Stane">Cat Stane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clach_an_Trushal" title="Clach an Trushal">Clach an Trushal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmeallie_stone_circle" title="Colmeallie stone circle">Colmeallie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunnideer_stone_circle" title="Dunnideer stone circle">Dunnideer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drybridge#Standing_stone" title="Drybridge">Drybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Aquhorthies_stone_circle" title="Easter Aquhorthies stone circle">Easter Aquhorthies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkton_of_Bourtie_stone_circle" title="Kirkton of Bourtie stone circle">Kirkton of Bourtie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loanhead_of_Daviot_stone_circle" title="Loanhead of Daviot stone circle">Loanhead of Daviot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochmaben_Stone" title="Lochmaben Stone">Lochmaben Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Brodgar" title="Ring of Brodgar">Ring of Brodgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_stone_circle" title="Sheldon stone circle">Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Stones_of_Stenness" title="Standing Stones of Stenness">Stenness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinacleit" title="Steinacleit">Steinacleit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strichen_Stone_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Strichen Stone Circle">Strichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunhoney" title="Sunhoney">Sunhoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomnaverie_stone_circle" title="Tomnaverie stone circle">Tomnaverie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrebagger_stone_circle" title="Tyrebagger stone circle">Tyrebagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonder_Bognie" title="Yonder Bognie">Yonder Bognie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barclodiad_y_Gawres" title="Barclodiad y Gawres">Barclodiad y Gawres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedd_Arthur" title="Bedd Arthur">Bedd Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedd_Taliesin" title="Bedd Taliesin">Bedd Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodowyr" title="Bodowyr">Bodowyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryn_Cader_Faner" title="Bryn Cader Faner">Bryn Cader Faner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryn_Celli_Ddu" title="Bryn Celli Ddu">Bryn Celli Ddu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryn_Gwyn_stones" title="Bryn Gwyn stones">Bryn Gwyn stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capel_Garmon" title="Capel Garmon">Capel Garmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carreg_Coetan_Arthur" title="Carreg Coetan Arthur">Carreg Coetan Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carreg_Samson" title="Carreg Samson">Carreg Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coetan_Arthur" title="Coetan Arthur">Coetan Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foel_Chwern" title="Foel Chwern">Foel Chwern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfechell" title="Llanfechell">Llanfechell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lligwy_Burial_Chamber" title="Lligwy Burial Chamber">Lligwy Burial Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maen_Llia" title="Maen Llia">Maen Llia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maen_Madoc" title="Maen Madoc">Maen Madoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penmaenmawr#Prehistory" title="Penmaenmawr">Meini Hirion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moel_T%C5%B7_Uchaf" title="Moel Tŷ Uchaf">Moel Tŷ Uchaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Cwm_long_cairn" title="Parc Cwm long cairn">Parc Cwm long cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrhos_Feilw_Standing_Stones" title="Penrhos Feilw Standing Stones">Penrhos Feilw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentre_Ifan" title="Pentre Ifan">Pentre Ifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Lythans_burial_chamber" title="St Lythans burial chamber">St Lythans burial chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trefignath" title="Trefignath">Trefignath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkinswood" title="Tinkinswood">Tinkinswood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_Newydd_Burial_Chamber" title="Tŷ Newydd Burial Chamber">Tŷ Newydd Burial Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whetstones_(stone_circle)" title="Whetstones (stone circle)">Whetstones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isle of Man</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manx_runestones" title="Manx runestones">Manx runestones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axial_stone_circle" title="Axial stone circle">Axial stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambered_cairn" title="Chambered cairn">Chambered cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_stone_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentric stone circle">Concentric stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromlech" title="Cromlech">Cromlech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrespil" title="Harrespil">Harrespil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_megalithic_tombs" title="Irish megalithic tombs">Irish megalithic tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing stone">Standing stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">Stone row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recumbent_stone_circle" title="Recumbent stone circle">Recumbent stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">Photographs of stone circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_Eastern_megaliths" title="Template:Middle Eastern megaliths">Middle Eastern megaliths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neolithic_Europe_(including_the_Chalcolithic)315" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic_Europe" title="Template:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithic_Europe" title="Template talk:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neolithic_Europe_(including_the_Chalcolithic)315" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic Europe</a> <small>(including the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic#Europe" title="Mesolithic">↑ Mesolithic Europe ↑</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horizon_(archaeology)" title="Horizon (archaeology)">Horizons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Temperate_Neolithic" title="First Temperate Neolithic">First Temperate Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery culture</a> (LBK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">Cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baden_culture" title="Baden culture">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boian_culture" title="Boian culture">Boian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butmir_culture" title="Butmir culture">Butmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83_culture" title="Cernavodă culture">Cernavodă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerny_culture" title="Cerny culture">Cerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chass%C3%A9en_culture" title="Chasséen culture">Chasséen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortaillod_culture" title="Cortaillod culture">Cortaillod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C8%9Bofeni_culture" title="Coțofeni culture">Coțofeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_culture" title="Danilo culture">Danilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decea_Mure%C5%9Fului_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Decea Mureşului culture">Decea Mureşului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99ti_culture" title="Dudești culture">Dudești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudo_culture" title="Gaudo culture">Gaudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorne%C8%99ti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gornești culture">Gornești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumelni%C8%9Ba%E2%80%93Karanovo_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumelnița–Karanovo culture">Gumelnița–Karanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamangia_culture" title="Hamangia culture">Hamangia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horgen_culture" title="Horgen culture">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakanj_culture" title="Kakanj culture">Kakanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karanovo_culture" title="Karanovo culture">Karanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengyel_culture" title="Lengyel culture">Lengyel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neman_culture" title="Neman culture">Neman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre%C8%99ti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrești culture">Petrești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit%E2%80%93Comb_Ware_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit–Comb Ware culture">Pit–Comb Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitted_Ware_culture" title="Pitted Ware culture">Pitted Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfyn_culture" title="Pfyn culture">Pfyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssen_culture" title="Rössen culture">Rössen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzucewo_culture" title="Rzucewo culture">Rzucewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine%E2%80%93Oise%E2%80%93Marne_culture" title="Seine–Oise–Marne culture">Seine–Oise–Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesklo#Sesklo_culture" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopot_culture" title="Sopot culture">Sopot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredny_Stog_culture" title="Sredny Stog culture">Sredny Stog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo%E2%80%93K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s%E2%80%93Cri%C8%99_culture" title="Starčevo–Körös–Criș culture">Starčevo–Körös–Criș</a> <div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_culture" title="Körös culture">Körös</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cri%C5%9F_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Criş culture">Criş</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza_culture" title="Tisza culture">Tisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiszapolg%C3%A1r_culture" title="Tiszapolgár culture">Tiszapolgár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culture" title="Vučedol culture">Vučedol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartberg_culture" title="Wartberg culture">Wartberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_culture" title="Windmill Hill culture">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monumental<br /> architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_barrow" title="Bank barrow">Bank barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">Megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_entrance" title="Megalithic entrance">Megalithic entrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_dolmen" title="Polygonal dolmen">Polygonal dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Rondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">Stone row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">Unchambered long barrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool#Neolithic_industries" title="Stone tool">Lithic industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_during_the_Copper_Age_in_Europe" title="Metallurgy during the Copper Age in Europe">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">Neolithic long house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_culture" title="Danubian culture">Danubian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_(archaeology)" title="Old Europe (archaeology)">Old Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">↓ Bronze Age Europe ↓</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology434" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a 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