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gulf</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Aqaba gulf"> <meta name="keywords" content="Aqaba gulf"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Aqaba gulf"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 249</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Aqaba gulf</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Heavy Metal Contamination and Environmental Risk in Surface Sediments along the Coasts of Suez and Aqaba Gulfs, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20M.%20Younis">Alaa M. Younis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20S.%20Ismail"> Ismail S. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamiaa%20I.%20Mohamedein"> Lamiaa I. Mohamedein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shimaa%20F.%20Ahmed"> Shimaa F. Ahmed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sandy surface sediments collected from fourteen sites along the gulfs of Suez and Aqaba coasts, Egypt were analyzed for heavy metals including Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Chromium, Nickel, Lead, Copper and Cadmium in order to evaluate the pollution status and environmental risk assessment of the study area. The obtained results showed that the concentrations of investigated metals are represented in the following sequence; For Gulf of Aqaba sediments Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd. While for Gulf of Suez Sediments Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd. The degree of surface sediment contamination using Geo-accumulation index (I geo) and Metal Pollution Index (MPI) was computed. Higher MPI values were observed at the sites III (Nama Bay) and VIII (Rex Beach). According to Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) approach, Pb and Cu in the gulf of Suez at station IX (Kabanon Beach) had probably adverse ecological effects to marine organisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20risk" title=" environmental risk"> environmental risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suez%20gulf" title=" Suez gulf"> Suez gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqaba%20gulf" title=" Aqaba gulf"> Aqaba gulf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62062/heavy-metal-contamination-and-environmental-risk-in-surface-sediments-along-the-coasts-of-suez-and-aqaba-gulfs-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> A Study on Earthquake Activities and Tectonic Setting in the Northeastern Part of Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Abdallah%20Mohamed%20Dahy">Sayed Abdallah Mohamed Dahy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Northeastern part of Egypt is considered one of the few regions of the world whereas evidence of historical activities has been documented during the last 48 centuries or more. Instrumental, historical and pre-historical seismicity data indicate that large destructive earthquakes have occurred quite frequently in the investigated area. The main aims in the present study were to redraw attention to the fact that the northeastern part of Egypt is seismically active and this result is associated with earthquake risk in the region. The interaction of the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates and Sinai subplate, is the main factor behind the earthquake activities of northeastern part of Egypt. All earthquakes occur at shallow depth and are concentrated at four seismic zones, these zones including the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, around the entrance of the Gulf of Suez and the fourth one is located at the south-west of great Cairo (Dahshour area). The seismicity map of the previous zones shows that the activity is coincide with the major tectonic trends of the Suez rift, Aqaba rift with their connection with the great rift system of the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez-Cairo-Alexandria trend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20ectivities" title="earthquake ectivities">earthquake ectivities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northeastern" title=" northeastern"> northeastern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20setting" title=" tectonic setting"> tectonic setting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35386/a-study-on-earthquake-activities-and-tectonic-setting-in-the-northeastern-part-of-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Seismic Active Zones and Mechanism of Earthquakes in Northern Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awad%20Hassoup">Awad Hassoup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Abdallah"> Sayed Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Dahy"> Mohamed Dahy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Northern Egypt is known to be seismically active from the past several thousand years, based on the historical records and documents of eyewitnesses on one- hand and instrumental records on the other hand. Instrumental, historical and pre- historical seismicity data indicate that large destructive earthquakes have occurred quite frequently in the investigated area. The interaction of the African, Arabian, Eurasian plates and Sinai sub-plate is the main factor behind the seismicity of northern part of Egypt. All earthquakes occur at shallow depth and are concentrated at four seismic zones, these zones including the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, around the entrance of the Gulf of Suez and the fourth one is located at the south- west of great Cairo (Dahshour area). The seismicity map of the previous zones shows that the activity is coincide with the major tectonic trends of the Suez rift, Aqaba rift with their connection with the great rift system of the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez- Cairo- Alexandria trend. On the other hand, the focal mechanisms of some earthquakes occurred inside the studied area and having small to moderate size show a variety of patterns. The most predominant type is normal faulting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northern%20Egypt" title="Northern Egypt">Northern Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20active%20zone" title=" seismic active zone"> seismic active zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismicity" title=" seismicity"> seismicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focal%20mechanism" title=" focal mechanism"> focal mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36663/seismic-active-zones-and-mechanism-of-earthquakes-in-northern-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Economics of Oil and Its Stability in the Gulf Region </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20Mutawa%20A.%20Amir">Al Mutawa A. Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liaqat%20Ali"> Liaqat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Ali"> Faisal Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the World War II, the world economy was disrupted and changed due to oil and its prices. The research in this paper presents the basic statistical features and economic characteristics of the Gulf economy. The main features of the Gulf economies and its heavy dependence on oil exports, its dualism between modern and traditional sectors and its rapidly increasing affluences are particularly emphasized.  In this context, the research in this paper discussed the problems of growth versus development and has attempted to draw the implications for the future economic development of this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20prices" title="oil prices">oil prices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCC" title=" GCC"> GCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gulf%20oil" title=" gulf oil"> gulf oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64451/economics-of-oil-and-its-stability-in-the-gulf-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Deployment of Attack Helicopters in Conventional Warfare: The Gulf War</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Karabekir">Mehmet Karabekir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Attack helicopters (AHs) are usually deployed in conventional warfare to destroy armored and mechanized forces of enemy. In addition, AHs are able to perform various tasks in the deep, and close operations – intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, air assault operations, and search and rescue operations. Apache helicopters were properly employed in the Gulf Wars and contributed the success of campaign by destroying a large number of armored and mechanized vehicles of Iraq Army. The purpose of this article is to discuss the deployment of AHs in conventional warfare in the light of Gulf Wars. First, the employment of AHs in deep and close operations will be addressed regarding the doctrine. Second, the US armed forces AH-64 doctrinal and tactical usage will be argued in the 1st and 2nd Gulf Wars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attack%20helicopter" title="attack helicopter">attack helicopter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20warfare" title=" conventional warfare"> conventional warfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gulf%20wars" title=" gulf wars"> gulf wars</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29944/deployment-of-attack-helicopters-in-conventional-warfare-the-gulf-war" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> The First Record of Pseudogrillotia spratti Campbell and Beveridge, 1993 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) Parasitic in Three Carangid Fishes from Northwest of the Arab Gulf, Iraq </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalidah%20S.%20Al-Niaeem">Khalidah S. Al-Niaeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzan%20A.%20Al-Azizz"> Suzan A. Al-Azizz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimah%20H.%20Al-Ataby"> Fatimah H. Al-Ataby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The first record of Pseudogrillotia spratti Campbell and Beveridge, 1993 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) was found in body cavity of three species of Carangid fishes, Carangiodes armatus, C. malabaricus and Megalaspis cordyla which were collected from northwest of the Arab Gulf. This species are recorded for the first time in the Iraqi territorial waters of the Arab Gulf. C. armatus, C. malabaricus and M. cordyla are new hosts for this parasite in the Arab Gulf. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudogrillotia%20spratti" title="Pseudogrillotia spratti">Pseudogrillotia spratti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carangiodes%20armatus" title=" Carangiodes armatus"> Carangiodes armatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20malabaricus" title=" C. malabaricus"> C. malabaricus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Megalaspis%20cordyla" title=" Megalaspis cordyla"> Megalaspis cordyla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20gulf" title=" Arab gulf"> Arab gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraq" title=" Iraq"> Iraq</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24613/the-first-record-of-pseudogrillotia-spratti-campbell-and-beveridge-1993-cestoda-trypanorhyncha-parasitic-in-three-carangid-fishes-from-northwest-of-the-arab-gulf-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Strengthening the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Shafallah Foundation as a Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20Mohamed">Osman Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past two decades, the global interest in the rights of persons with disabilities (PWDs) has increased that resulted in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPWDs). In this regard, the Gulf States have witnessed remarkable efforts towards strengthening the rights of persons with disabilities, including enactment of laws and establishment of specialized government councils for the Persons with Disabilities. This study aims to highlight the efforts of Shafallah Foundation in strengthening the rights of persons with disabilities as a model for the Gulf States. The researcher will conduct interviews with officials at Shafallah Foundation, some persons with disabilities who have benefited from the Foundation's programmes, officials from government agencies related to Persons with disabilities. The study is expected to reveal the role of Shafallah Foundation in implementing the UNCRPWDs through its programmes and activities as well as an overview of the situation of the rights of PWDs in the Gulf States. The study is important for stakeholders, decision-makers, policy-makers, academics, and the disability’s organizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCC" title="GCC">GCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulf%20Cooperation%20Council" title=" Gulf Cooperation Council"> Gulf Cooperation Council</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafallah%20Foundation" title=" Shafallah Foundation"> Shafallah Foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UNCRPWDs" title=" UNCRPWDs"> UNCRPWDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Nations%20Convention%20on%20the%20Rights%20of%20Persons%20with%20Disabilities" title=" United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities"> United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWDs" title=" PWDs"> PWDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persons%20with%20disabilities" title=" persons with disabilities"> persons with disabilities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95233/strengthening-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-in-the-gulf-cooperation-council-shafallah-foundation-as-a-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Pollution Assessment and Potential Ecological Risk of Some Traces Metals in the Surface Sediments of the Gulf of Tunis, North Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%C3%AFfa%20Ben%20Mna">Haïfa Ben Mna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayed%20Added"> Ayed Added</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate the trace metals contamination status in the Gulf of Tunis, forty one sediment samples were analyzed using different approaches. According to certain contamination and ecological risk indices (Contamination Factor, Geoaccumulation index and Ecological risk index), Hg has the highest contamination level while pollution by Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr was absent. The highest concentrations of trace metals were found in sediments collected from the offshore and coastal areas located opposite the main exchange points with the gulf particularly, the Mejerda and Meliane Rivers, the Khalij Channel, Ghar El Melh and El Malah lagoons, Tunis Lake and Sebkhat Ariana. However, further ecological indices (Potential ecological risk index, Toxic unit and Mean effect-range median quotient) and comparison with sediment quality guidelines suggest that in addition to Mercury, Cr, Pb and Ni concentrations are detrimental to biota in both the offshore and areas near to the exchange points with the gulf. Moreover, in these areas the results from sequential extraction and individual contamination factor calculation pointed to the mobility and bioavailability of Cr, Pb and Ni. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title="sediment">sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metals" title=" trace metals"> trace metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination%20assessment" title=" contamination assessment"> contamination assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20risk" title=" ecological risk"> ecological risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunis%20gulf" title=" Tunis gulf"> Tunis gulf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164916/pollution-assessment-and-potential-ecological-risk-of-some-traces-metals-in-the-surface-sediments-of-the-gulf-of-tunis-north-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Hydro-Geochemistry of Qare-Sou Catchment and Gorgan Gulf, Iran: Examining Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Major Ions and Determining the River’s Hydro-Chemical Type</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Kurdi">Milad Kurdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Farhadian"> Hadi Farhadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teymour%20Eslamkish"> Teymour Eslamkish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the hydro-geochemistry of Qare-Sou catchment and Gorgan Gulf in order to determine the spatial distribution of major ions. In this regard, six hydrometer stations in the catchment and four stations in Gorgan Gulf were chosen and the samples were collected. Results of spatial and temporal distribution of major ions have shown similar variation trends for calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions. Also, the spatial trend of chloride, sulfate, sodium and potassium ions were same as Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). In Nahar Khoran station, the concentrations of ions were more than other stations which may be related to human activities and the role of geology. The Siah Ab station’s ions showed high concentration which is may be related to the station’s close proximity to Gorgan Gulf and the return of water to Qare-Sou River. In order to determine the interaction of water and rock, the Gibbs diagram was used and the results showed that water of the river falls in the rock range and it is affected more by weathering and reaction between water and stone and less by evaporation and crystallization. Assessment of the quality of river water by using graphic methods indicated that the type of water in this area is Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub>-Mg. Major ions concentration in Qare-Sou in the universal average was more than but not more than the allowed limit by the World Health Organization and China Standard Organization. A comparison of ions concentration in Gorgan Gulf, seas and oceans showed that the pH in Gorgan Gulf was more than the other seas but in Gorgan Gulf the concentration of anion and cation was less than other seas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydro-geochemistry" title="hydro-geochemistry">hydro-geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qare-Sou%20river" title=" Qare-Sou river"> Qare-Sou river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gorgan%20gulf" title=" Gorgan gulf"> Gorgan gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20ions" title=" major ions"> major ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gibbs%20diagram" title=" Gibbs diagram"> Gibbs diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphical%20methods" title=" graphical methods"> graphical methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58990/hydro-geochemistry-of-qare-sou-catchment-and-gorgan-gulf-iran-examining-spatial-and-temporal-distribution-of-major-ions-and-determining-the-rivers-hydro-chemical-type" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Sustainable Energy Production from Microalgae in Queshm Island, Persian Gulf </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Moazami">N. Moazami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ranjbar"> R. Ranjbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ashori"> A. Ashori </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Out of hundreds of microalgal strains reported, only very few of them are capable for production of high content of lipid. Therefore, the key technical challenges include identifying the strains with the highest growth rates and oil contents with adequate composition, which were the main aims of this work. From 147 microalgae screened for high biomass and oil productivity, the Nannochloropsis sp. PTCC 6016, which attained 52% lipid content, was selected for large scale cultivation in Persian Gulf Knowledge Island. Nannochloropsis strain PTCC 6016 belongs to Eustigmatophyceae (Phylum heterokontophyta) isolated from Mangrove forest area of Qheshm Island and Persian Gulf (Iran) in 2008. The strain PTCC 6016 had an average biomass productivity of 2.83 g/L/day and 52% lipid content. The biomass productivity and the oil production potential could be projected to be more than 200 tons biomass and 100000 L oil per hectare per year, in an outdoor algal culture (300 day/year) in the Persian Gulf climate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuels" title="biofuels">biofuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nannochloropsis" title=" Nannochloropsis"> Nannochloropsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raceway%20open%20pond" title=" raceway open pond"> raceway open pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-jet" title=" bio-jet"> bio-jet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12748/sustainable-energy-production-from-microalgae-in-queshm-island-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Study of the Persian Gulf’s and Oman Sea’s Numerical Tidal Currents </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Sadat%20Sharifi">Fatemeh Sadat Sharifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, a barotropic model was employed to consider the tidal studies in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, where the only sufficient force was the tidal force. To do that, a finite-difference, free-surface model called Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), was employed on the data over the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. To analyze flow patterns of the region, the results of limited size model of The Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) were appropriated. The two points were determined since both are one of the most critical water body in case of the economy, biology, fishery, Shipping, navigation, and petroleum extraction. The OSU Tidal Prediction Software (OTPS) tide and observation data validated the modeled result. Next, tidal elevation and speed, and tidal analysis were interpreted. Preliminary results determine a significant accuracy in the tidal height compared with observation and OTPS data, declaring that tidal currents are highest in Hormuz Strait and the narrow and shallow region between Iranian coasts and Islands. Furthermore, tidal analysis clarifies that the M_2 component has the most significant value. Finally, the Persian Gulf tidal currents are divided into two branches: the first branch converts from south to Qatar and via United Arab Emirate rotates to Hormuz Strait. The secondary branch, in north and west, extends up to the highest point in the Persian Gulf and in the head of Gulf turns counterclockwise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20model" title="numerical model">numerical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barotropic%20tide" title=" barotropic tide"> barotropic tide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tidal%20currents" title=" tidal currents"> tidal currents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSU%20tidal%20prediction%20software" title=" OSU tidal prediction software"> OSU tidal prediction software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTPS" title=" OTPS"> OTPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112497/study-of-the-persian-gulfs-and-oman-seas-numerical-tidal-currents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Biomonitoring of Marine Environment by Using a Bioindicator Donax trunculus (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Annaba (Algeria): Biomarkers Responses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Sifi">Karima Sifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Soltani"> Noureddine Soltani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Annaba gulf is the most important touristic and economic area located on the east coast of Algeria. However, these fishery resources are threatened by the pollution due to the progress of economic activity. As part of a biomonitoring program on the quality of waters of the Gulf of Annaba, the specific activity of two biomarkers, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathion S-transferase (GST) has been measured in edible bivalve Donax trunculus. The samples have been collected during the year 2013 in two sites: El Battah, distant from polluted sources, and Sidi Salem, located near the harbor and different industrial waste. The results showed a significant inhibition of AChE activity and a significant increase in the activity of the GST in samples collected from Sidi Salem as compared to El Battah. The inhibition of the AChE and the increase of the GST in Sidi Salem are in relation with the level of exposition of this site to the pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donax%20trunculus" title="Donax trunculus">Donax trunculus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annaba%20gulf" title=" annaba gulf"> annaba gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylcholinesterase" title=" acetylcholinesterase"> acetylcholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutathion%20s-transferase" title=" glutathion s-transferase"> glutathion s-transferase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomonitoring" title=" biomonitoring"> biomonitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31216/biomonitoring-of-marine-environment-by-using-a-bioindicator-donax-trunculus-mollusca-bivalvia-from-the-gulf-of-annaba-algeria-biomarkers-responses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Indian Emigration to Gulf Countries: Opportunities and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhaveni%20Naresh">Sudhaveni Naresh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International migration is an important subject and gaining more significance andinterest among scholars in recent years. It is defined as crossing of the boundaries of political or administrative units for a certain minimum period for reasons such as education, employment, etc.International migration is not new for India because it has a long history with the Gulf region since ancient period. India is also one of the largest migrant-sending countries after China in the world. Migration towards the Gulf region became more prominent during early 1970s due to oil boom which led to rapid increase in the demand for foreign labour. Of 25 million Indian emigrants are living across the world, about six million Indian emigrants working in the Gulf. Most of these migrants were either unskilled or semi-skilled. Both the pull and push factors behind labour emigrate to Gulf countries. India is world’s leading receiver of remittances and the flow of remittances to India has been increasing steadily since the 1970s. In 2011-12, it was about 4 percent of GDP.Emigrants play a significant role in the economic development and growth of the country via the remittances and knowledge and skill transfer. Scholars see remittances as vital tool in the development for origin country. This paper examines the recent trend and pattern of migration from India to Gulf countries and explores impact of remittances on emigrants’ families at home country. It also highlights opportunities, challenges and the need for strengthening multilateral cooperation to transform migration into an efficient, orderly and humane process.The study propose to undertake a primary survey for this purpose. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods will be used to study the above issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20migration" title=" international migration"> international migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remittances" title=" remittances"> remittances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unskilled%20labour" title=" unskilled labour"> unskilled labour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11215/indian-emigration-to-gulf-countries-opportunities-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> Health Risks Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Sea Food from Persian ‎Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Ehsanpour">Mohsen Ehsanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ehsanpour"> Maryam Ehsanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%8EMajid%20Afkhami"> ‎Majid Afkhami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Afkhami%20%E2%80%8E"> Fatemeh Afkhami ‎ </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are increasingly being released into natural waters from geological and anthropogenic sources. The distribution of several heavy metals (Cd, Pb) was investigated in muscle, liver in six different fish species seasonally collected in Persian Gulf (autumn 2009-summer 2010). The concentrations of all metals were lower in flesh than those recorded in liver due to their physiological roles. The THQ index for fish was calculated. Estimation of target hazard quotients calculations for the contaminated fish consumption was calculated to evaluate the effect of pollution on health. Total metal THQs values (Pb and Cd) for adults were 0.05 and 0.04 in Bushehr and Bandar-Genaveh, respectively, and for children they were 0.08 and 0.05 in Bandar-Abbas and Bandar-Lengeh, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risks" title=" health risks"> health risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THQ%20index" title=" THQ index "> THQ index </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14328/health-risks-evaluation-of-heavy-metals-in-sea-food-from-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">716</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> Iran and the Security of the Gulf Cooperation Council States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Alshalan">Ibrahim Alshalan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the greatest and most powerful countries, not only in the Arabian Gulf but in the entire Middle East region. However, the Iranian regime, which came to power as a result of the 1979 revolution that resulted in overthrowing the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, has been the biggest source of threat to the stability of the Middle East since the revolution until this day. It has ambitions to dominate the neighboring Arab countries, especially Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen and Bahrain. Iran has bad relationships with countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which includes Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. The main objective of this paper is to shed light on the deteriorating political relations between the Iranian regime on one hand and the GCC on the other, especially Saudi Arabia which is witnessing more challenges as a result of Iran's determination to develop its nuclear program. Another important objective of this paper is to identify the Iranian role in the creation of the hotbeds of conflict in addition to its responsibility for some of the region's problems. It also aims to answer the question; why does Iran insist on developing its controversial nuclear program? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCC" title=" GCC"> GCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulf" title=" Gulf"> Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26485/iran-and-the-security-of-the-gulf-cooperation-council-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Logic of the Prospect Theory: The Decision Making Process of the First Gulf War and the Crimean Annexation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhengyang%20Ma">Zhengyang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiyao%20Li"> Zhiyao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiayi%20Zhang"> Jiayi Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines the prospect theory’s arguments about decision-making through two case studies, the First Gulf War and Russia’s annexation of Crimea. The article uses the methods of comparative case analysis and process tracing to investigate the prospect theory’s fundamental arguments. Through evidence derived from existing primary and secondary sources, this paper argues that both former U.S. President Bush and Russian President Putin viewed their situations as a domain of loss and made risky decisions to prevent further deterioration, which attests the arguments of the prospect theory. After the two case studies, this article also discusses how the prospect theory could be used in analyzing the decision-making process that led to the current Russia-Ukraine War. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20prospect%20theory" title="the prospect theory">the prospect theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20first%20gulf%20war" title=" the first gulf war"> the first gulf war</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20crimea%20crisis" title=" the crimea crisis"> the crimea crisis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155416/logic-of-the-prospect-theory-the-decision-making-process-of-the-first-gulf-war-and-the-crimean-annexation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Organochlorine Residues in Cuttlefish from the Arabian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El-Gendy">A. El-Gendy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Al-Farraj"> S. Al-Farraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Al%20Kahtani"> S. Al Kahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El-Hedeny"> M. El-Hedeny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contaminations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and chlordane (CHLs) were examined in the edible mantle tissues of the commercial cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg 1831, collected from the marine water of the Arabian Gulf. The mean concentrations of DDT, CHLs and HCH were in the ranges of 29.4 - 56 ng/g, 47.4 - 100 ng/g and 1 - 4 ng/g, respectively. Among the POPs analyzed, HCH showed the lowest concentrations ranging between 1 to 5 ng/g lipid wt. However, concentrations of DDT, CHLs and HCH, detected in this study, were generally comparable or lower than those found in studies of similar cephalopod species from other areas subject to a high anthropogenic impact. Relationships between total body lengths and/or dorsal mantle lengths of the organisms and the concentration values of the studied POPs were also considered. Compared with recommendations of the international organizations, there are no potential risks associated with consuming the studied cuttlefish species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuttlefish" title="cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepia%20pharaonis" title=" Sepia pharaonis"> Sepia pharaonis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organochlorine" title=" organochlorine"> organochlorine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDT" title=" DDT"> DDT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CHLs" title=" CHLs"> CHLs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCH" title=" HCH"> HCH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabian%20Gulf" title=" Arabian Gulf"> Arabian Gulf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1909/organochlorine-residues-in-cuttlefish-from-the-arabian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Screening for Antibacterial, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Agents in Three Hard Coral Species from Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ehsanpou">Maryam Ehsanpou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Afkhami"> Majid Afkhami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flora%20Mohammadizadeh"> Flora Mohammadizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhoushang%20Bahri"> Amirhoushang Bahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rastin%20Afkhami"> Rastin Afkhami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within the frame of a biodiversity and bioactivity study of marine macro organisms from the Persian Gulf, three hard coral species extracts were investigated for cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal activities against five human pathogenic microorganisms. All concentrations of extracts from three hard corals showed no antifungal activity towards the tested strains. In antibacterial assays, the hard coral extracts showed significant activity solely against Staphylococcus aureus with MICs ranging from 3 to 9 μg/ml. The highest antibacterial activity was found in the aqueous methanol extract of Porites compressa with an inhibition zone of 22 mm against Staphylococcus aureus at 18 μg/ml extract concentration. Methanol extracts from Porites harrisoi and Porites compressa exhibited only weak cytotoxic activities. It is important for future research to concentrate on finding the mechanisms employed by corals to defend themselves against invasion, the mechanism of infections and the type of chemical compounds in coral extracts that inhibit antibacterial growth or proliferation in underexplored areas such as the Persian Gulf. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title="antibacterial">antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title=" antifungal"> antifungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxic" title=" cytotoxic"> cytotoxic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20corals" title=" hard corals"> hard corals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34016/screening-for-antibacterial-antifungal-and-cytotoxic-agents-in-three-hard-coral-species-from-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Flushing Model for Artificial Islands in the Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawsan%20Eissa">Sawsan Eissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Momen%20Gharib"> Momen Gharib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20Kabbany"> Omnia Kabbany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A flushing numerical study has been performed for intended artificial islands on the Persian Gulf coast in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The island masterplan was tested for flushing using the DELFT 3D hydrodynamic model, and it was found that its residence time exceeds the acceptable PIANC flushing Criteria. Therefore, a number of mitigation measures were applied and tested one by one using the flushing model. Namely, changing the location of the entrance opening, dredging, removing part of the mangrove existing in the near vicinity to create a channel, removing the mangrove altogether, using culverts of different numbers and locations, and pumping at selected points. The pumping option gave the best solution, but it was disregarded due to high capital and running costs. Therefore, it opted for a combination of other solutions, including removing mangroves, introducing culverts, and adjusting island boundaries and types of protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title="hydrodynamics">hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flushing" title=" flushing"> flushing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delft%203d" title=" delft 3d"> delft 3d</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20islands." title=" artificial islands."> artificial islands.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182437/flushing-model-for-artificial-islands-in-the-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Mercury Detection in Two Fishes from the Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Khoshnood">Zahra Khoshnood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Kazaie"> Mehdi Kazaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajedeh%20Neisi"> Sajedeh Neisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2013, 24 fish samples were taken from two fishery regions in the north of Persian Gulf near the Iranian coastal lines. The two flatfishes were Yellofin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) and Longtail tuna (Thannus tonggol). We analyzed total Hg concentration of liver and muscle tissues by Mercury Analyzer (model LECO AMA 254). The average concentration of total Hg in edible Muscle tissue of deep-Flounder was measured in Bandar-Abbas and was found to be 18.92 and it was 10.19 µg.g-1 in Bandar-Lengeh. The corresponding values for Oriental sole were 8.47 and 0.08 µg.g-1. The average concentration of Hg in liver tissue of deep-Flounder, in Bandar-Abbas was 25.49 and that in Bandar-Lengeh was 12.52 µg.g-1.the values for Oriental sole were 11.88 and 3.2 µg.g-1 in Bandar-Abbas and Bandar-Lengeh, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title="mercury">mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acanthopagrus%20latus" title=" Acanthopagrus latus"> Acanthopagrus latus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thannus%20tonggol" title=" Thannus tonggol"> Thannus tonggol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf "> Persian Gulf </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14674/mercury-detection-in-two-fishes-from-the-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> Tamukkana, Ancient Achaemenids City near the Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghulamhossein%20Nezami">Ghulamhossein Nezami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Civilizations based in Iran, especially in the south, have always realized the all-around importance of the Persian Sea and for various reasons, have paid full attention to it. The first of these was the pre-Aryan government, Ilam in the coastal province of Sharihum and the city of Lian (now the port of Bushehr) in terms of trade, defense and religion. With the establishment of the Achaemenids on the entire plateau of Iran to the center of Persia, they created several communication routes from Parseh to the shores of the Persian Gulf, which ended in the present Bushehr province. This coastal area was extended by a road in the coastal plain to the more southern parts of the ports of Ausinze - according to Ptolemy the port of Siraf before the Sassanids - and Epstane and Hormozia in the present-day Strait of Hormuz. Meanwhile, the ancient city of Temukknana, whose new historical documents testify to its extraordinary importance in the Achaemenid period, especially Darius I of the Achaemenids, from a strategic position with the coastal areas, the coasts and on the other hand with the gamers, the political center. - Achaemenid administration, had. New archeological evidence, research, and excavations show that both the famous Achaemenid kings and courtiers paid special attention to Tamukknana. The discovery of a tomb and three Achaemenid palaces from before the reign of Cyrus to Xerxes in this region showed the importance of the strategic, security-defense and commercial position of this region, extraordinary for the Achaemenids. Therefore, the city of Temukkana in the Dashtestan region of present-day Bushehr province became an important Achaemenid center on the Persian Gulf coast and became the political-economic center of gravity of the Achaemenids and the regulator of communication networks on the Persian Gulf coast. This event showed that the Achaemenids attached importance to their economic goals and oversight of their vast territory by the Persian Gulf. Methods: Book resources and field study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achaemenids" title="Achaemenids">Achaemenids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bushehr" title=" Bushehr"> Bushehr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamukkana" title=" Tamukkana"> Tamukkana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138515/tamukkana-ancient-achaemenids-city-near-the-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Effects of PAHs on Blood Thyroidal Hormones of Liza klunzingeri in the Northern Part of Hormuz Strait (Persian Gulf)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fateme%20Afkhami">Fateme Afkhami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Ehsanpour"> Mohsen Ehsanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ehsanpour"> Maryam Ehsanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Afkhami"> Majid Afkhami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to determine the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on thyroidal hormones of Liza klunzingeri and to monitor marine pollution from northern part of Hormuz strait (Persian Gulf). Results showed the highest total PAHs levels (268.56 µg/kg) were in the fish samples and the lowest are obtained from water samples (3.12 µg/kg). Also, highest of PAHs levels in fish, sediment and water were found in St3. There was a positive correlation between T3 and T4, with PAHs results. T4 had a significant positive correlation (P<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAHs" title="PAHs">PAHs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroidal%20hormones" title=" thyroidal hormones"> thyroidal hormones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liza%20klunzingeri" title=" Liza klunzingeri"> Liza klunzingeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hormuz%20Strait" title=" Hormuz Strait"> Hormuz Strait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14334/effects-of-pahs-on-blood-thyroidal-hormones-of-liza-klunzingeri-in-the-northern-part-of-hormuz-strait-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">703</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> Distribution of Gamma-Radiation Levels in Core Sediment Samples in Gulf of İzmir, Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kurt">D. Kurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0.%20F.%20Barut"> İ. F. Barut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20%C3%9C.%20Y%C3%BCm%C3%BCn"> Z. Ü. Yümün</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kam"> E. Kam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After development of the industrial revolution, industrial plants and settlements have spread widely on the sea coasts. This concentration also brings environmental pollution in the sea. This study focuses on the Gulf of İzmir where is located in West of Turkey and it is a fascinating natural gulf of the Eastern Aegean Sea. Investigating marine current sediment is extremely important to detect pollution. Natural radionuclides’ pollution of the marine environment which is also known as a significant environmental anxiety. Ground drilling cores (the depth of each sediment is variant) were collected from the Gulf of İzmir’s four different locations which were Karşıyaka, İnciraltı, Çeşmealtı and Bayraklı. These sediment cores were put in preserving bags with weight around 1 kg, and they were dried at room temperature in a week for moisture removal. Then, they were sieved with 1 mm sieve holes, and finally these powdered samples were relocation to polyethylene Marinelli beakers of 100 ml versions. Each prepared sediment was waited to reach radioactive equilibrium between uranium and thorium for 40 days. Gamma spectrometry measurements were settled using a HPG (High- Purity Germanium) semiconductor detector. Semiconductor detectors are very good at separating power of the energy, they are easily able to differentiate peaks that are pretty close to each other. That is why, gamma spectroscopy’s usage is common for the determination of the activities of U - 238, Th - 232, Ra - 226, Cr - 137 and K - 40 in Bq kg⁻¹. In this study, the results display that the average concentrations of activities’ values are in respectively; 2.2 ± 1.5 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 0.98 ± 0.02 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 8 ± 0.96 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 0.93 ± 0.14 Bq/ kg⁻¹, and 76.05 ± 0.93 Bq/ kg⁻¹. The outcomes of the study are able to be used as a criterion for forthcoming research and the obtained data would be pragmatic for radiological mapping of the precise areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma" title="gamma">gamma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulf%20of%20%C4%B0zmir%20%28Eastern%20Aegean%20Sea-Turkey%29" title=" Gulf of İzmir (Eastern Aegean Sea-Turkey)"> Gulf of İzmir (Eastern Aegean Sea-Turkey)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20radionuclides" title=" natural radionuclides"> natural radionuclides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48225/distribution-of-gamma-radiation-levels-in-core-sediment-samples-in-gulf-of-izmir-eastern-aegean-sea-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> [Keynote Talk]: Heavy Metals in Marine Sediments of Gulf of Izmir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kam">E. Kam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20U.%20Y%C3%BCm%C3%BCn"> Z. U. Yümün</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kurt"> D. Kurt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, sediment samples were collected from four sampling sites located on the shores of the Gulf of İzmir. In the samples, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined using inductively coupled, plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The average heavy metal concentrations were: Cd < LOD (limit of detection); Co 14.145 ± 0.13 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Cr 112.868 ± 0.89 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Cu 34.045 ± 0.53 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Mn 481.43 ± 7.65 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Ni 76.538 ± 3.81 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Pb 11.059 ± 0.53 μg g<sup>−1 </sup>and Zn 140.133 ± 1.37 μg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The results were compared with the average abundances of these elements in the Earth’s crust. The measured heavy metal concentrations can serve as reference values for further studies carried out on the shores of the Aegean Sea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aegean%20Sea" title=" Aegean Sea"> Aegean Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICP-OES" title=" ICP-OES"> ICP-OES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99378/keynote-talk-heavy-metals-in-marine-sediments-of-gulf-of-izmir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Application of Post-Stack and Pre-Stack Seismic Inversion for Prediction of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in a Persian Gulf Gas Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nastaran%20Moosavi">Nastaran Moosavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mokhtari"> Mohammad Mokhtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seismic inversion is a technique which has been in use for years and its main goal is to estimate and to model physical characteristics of rocks and fluids. Generally, it is a combination of seismic and well-log data. Seismic inversion can be carried out through different methods; we have conducted and compared post-stack and pre- stack seismic inversion methods on real data in one of the fields in the Persian Gulf. Pre-stack seismic inversion can transform seismic data to rock physics such as P-impedance, S-impedance and density. While post- stack seismic inversion can just estimate P-impedance. Then these parameters can be used in reservoir identification. Based on the results of inverting seismic data, a gas reservoir was detected in one of Hydrocarbon oil fields in south of Iran (Persian Gulf). By comparing post stack and pre-stack seismic inversion it can be concluded that the pre-stack seismic inversion provides a more reliable and detailed information for identification and prediction of hydrocarbon reservoirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title="density">density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-impedance" title=" p-impedance"> p-impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=s-impedance" title=" s-impedance"> s-impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-stack%20seismic%20inversion" title=" post-stack seismic inversion"> post-stack seismic inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-stack%20seismic%20inversion" title=" pre-stack seismic inversion"> pre-stack seismic inversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54295/application-of-post-stack-and-pre-stack-seismic-inversion-for-prediction-of-hydrocarbon-reservoirs-in-a-persian-gulf-gas-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Effect of Pollutions on Mangrove Forests of Nayband National Marine Park</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmaeil%20Kouhgardi">Esmaeil Kouhgardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaheh%20Shakerdargah"> Elaheh Shakerdargah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mangrove ecosystem is a complex of various inter-related elements in the land-sea interface zone which is linked with other natural systems of the coastal region such as corals, sea-grass, coastal fisheries and beach vegetation. The mangrove ecosystem consists of water, muddy soil, trees, shrubs, and their associated flora, fauna and microbes. It is a very productive ecosystem sustaining various forms of life. Its waters are nursery grounds for fish, crustacean, and mollusk and also provide habitat for a wide range of aquatic life, while the land supports a rich and diverse flora and fauna, but pollutions may affect these characteristics. Iran has the lowest share of Persian Gulf pollution among the eight littoral states; environmental experts are still deeply concerned about the serious consequences of the pollution in the oil-rich gulf. Prolongation of critical conditions in the Persian Gulf has endangered its aquatic ecosystem. Water purification equipment, refineries, wastewater emitted by onshore installations, especially petrochemical plans, urban sewage, population density and extensive oil operations of Arab states are factors contaminating the Persian Gulf waters. Population density has been the major cause of pollution and environmental degradation in the Persian Gulf. Persian Gulf is a closed marine environment which is connected to open waterways only from one way. It usually takes between three and four years for the gulf's water to be completely replaced. Therefore, any pollution entering the water will remain there for a relatively long time. Presently, the high temperature and excessive salt level in the water have exposed the marine creatures to extra threats, which mean they have to survive very tough conditions. The natural environment of the Persian Gulf is very rich with good fish grounds, extensive coral reefs and pearl oysters in abundance, but has become increasingly under pressure due to the heavy industrialization and in particular the repeated major oil spillages associated with the various recent wars fought in the region. Pollution may cause the mortality of mangrove forests by effect on root, leaf and soil of the area. Study was showed the high correlation between industrial pollution and mangrove forests health in south of Iran and increase of population, coupled with economic growth, inevitably caused the use of mangrove lands for various purposes such as construction of roads, ports and harbors, industries and urbanization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mangrove%20forest" title="Mangrove forest">Mangrove forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19085/effect-of-pollutions-on-mangrove-forests-of-nayband-national-marine-park" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Earthquake Relocations and Constraints on the Lateral Velocity Variations along the Gulf of Suez, Using the Modified Joint Hypocenter Method Determination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Bakr%20Ahmed%20Shater">Abu Bakr Ahmed Shater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypocenters of 250 earthquakes recorded by more than 5 stations from the Egyptian seismic network around the Gulf of Suez were relocated and the seismic stations correction for the P-wave is estimated, using the modified joint hypocenter method determination. Five stations TR1, SHR, GRB, ZAF and ZET have minus signs in the station P-wave travel time corrections and their values are -0.235, -0.366, -0.288, -0.366 and -0.058, respectively. It is possible to assume that, the underground model in this area has a particular characteristic of high velocity structure in which the other stations TR2, RDS, SUZ, HRG and ZNM have positive signs and their values are 0.024, 0.187, 0.314, 0.645 and 0.145, respectively. It is possible to assume that, the underground model in this area has particular characteristic of low velocity structure. The hypocenteral location determined by the Modified joint hypocenter method is more precise than those determined by the other routine work program. This method simultaneously solves the earthquake locations and station corrections. The station corrections reflect, not only the different crustal conditions in the vicinity of the stations, but also the difference between the actual and modeled seismic velocities along each of the earthquake - station ray paths. The stations correction obtained is correlated with the major surface geological features in the study area. As a result of the relocation, the low velocity area appears in the northeastern and southwestern sides of the Gulf of Suez, while the southeastern and northwestern parts are of high velocity area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gulf%20of%20Suez" title="gulf of Suez">gulf of Suez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismicity" title=" seismicity"> seismicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relocation%20of%20hypocenter" title=" relocation of hypocenter"> relocation of hypocenter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20hypocenter%20determination" title=" joint hypocenter determination"> joint hypocenter determination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36770/earthquake-relocations-and-constraints-on-the-lateral-velocity-variations-along-the-gulf-of-suez-using-the-modified-joint-hypocenter-method-determination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Evaluation of Heat of Hydration and Strength Development in Natural Pozzolan-Incorporated Cement from the Gulf Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Al-Fadala">S. Al-Fadala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Chakkamalayath"> J. Chakkamalayath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Al-Bahar"> S. Al-Bahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Aibani"> A. Al-Aibani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ahmed"> S. Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, the use of pozzolan in blended cement is gaining great interest due to the desirable effect of pozzolan from the environmental and energy conservation standpoint and the technical benefits they provide to the performance of cement. The deterioration of concrete structures in the marine environment and extreme climates demand the use of pozzolana cement in concrete construction in the Gulf region. Also, natural sources of cement clinker materials are limited in the Gulf region, and cement industry imports the raw materials for the production of Portland cement, resulting in an increase in the greenhouse gas effect due to the CO₂ emissions generated from transportation. Even though the Gulf region has vast deposits of natural pozzolana, it is not explored properly for the production of high performance concrete. Hence, an optimum use of regionally available natural pozzolana for the production of blended cement can result in sustainable construction. This paper investigates the effect of incorporating natural pozzolan sourced from the Gulf region on the performance of blended cement in terms of heat evolution and strength development. For this purpose, a locally produced Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and pozzolan-incorporated blended cements containing different amounts of natural pozzolan (volcanic ash) were prepared on laboratory scale. The strength development and heat evolution were measured and quantified. Promising results of strength development were obtained for blends with the percentages of Volcanic Ash (VA) replacement varying from 10 to 30%. Results showed that the heat of hydration decreased with increase in percentage of replacement of OPC with VA, indicating increased retardation in hydration due to the addition of VA. This property could be used in mass concreting in which a reduction in heat of hydration is required to reduce cracking in concrete, especially in hot weather concreting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blended%20cement" title="blended cement">blended cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20weather" title=" hot weather"> hot weather</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydration" title=" hydration"> hydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volcanic%20ash" title=" volcanic ash"> volcanic ash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38465/evaluation-of-heat-of-hydration-and-strength-development-in-natural-pozzolan-incorporated-cement-from-the-gulf-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Modelling and Optimization of Geothermal Energy in the Gulf of Suez</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Abdelhafez">Amira Abdelhafez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rufus%20Brunt"> Rufus Brunt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geothermal energy in Egypt represents a significant untapped renewable resource that can reduce reliance on conventional power generation. Exploiting these geothermal resources depends on depth, temperature range, and geological characteristics. The intracontinental rift setting of the Gulf of Suez (GoS)-Red Sea rift is a favourable tectonic setting for convection-dominated geothermal plays. The geothermal gradient across the GoS ranges from 24.9 to 86.66 °C/km, with a heat flow of 31-127.2 mW/m². Surface expressions of convective heat loss emerge along the gulf flanks as hot springs (e.g., Hammam Faraun) accompanying deeper geothermal resources. These thermal anomalies are driven mainly by the local tectonic configuration. Characterizing the structural framework of major faults and their control on reservoir properties and subsurface hydrothermal fluid circulation is vital for geothermal applications in the gulf. The geothermal play systems of the GoS depend on structural and lithological properties that contribute to heat storage and vertical transport. Potential geothermal reservoirs include the Nubia sandstones, which, due to their thickness, continuity, and contact with hot basement rocks at a mean depth of 3 km, create an extensive reservoir for geothermal fluids. To develop these geothermal resources for energy production, defining the permeability anisotropy of the reservoir due to faults and facies variation is a crucial step in our study, particularly the evaluation of influence on thermal breakthrough and production rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal" title="geothermal">geothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=October%20field" title=" October field"> October field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20specific%20study" title=" site specific study"> site specific study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20modelling" title=" reservoir modelling"> reservoir modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193828/modelling-and-optimization-of-geothermal-energy-in-the-gulf-of-suez" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Coastal Water Characteristics along the Saudi Arabian Coastline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20O.%20Abualnaja1">Yasser O. Abualnaja1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Pavlidou2"> Alexandra Pavlidou2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taha%20Boksmati3"> Taha Boksmati3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Alharbi3"> Ahmad Alharbi3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Alsulmi3"> Hammad Alsulmi3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Omar%20Maghrabi3"> Saleh Omar Maghrabi3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Mowalad3"> Hassan Mowalad3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayan%20Mutwalli3"> Rayan Mutwalli3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20H.%20Churchill4"> James H. Churchill4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afroditi%20Androni2"> Afroditi Androni2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dionysios%20Ballas2"> Dionysios Ballas2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Hatzianestis2">Ioannis Hatzianestis2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harilaos%20Kontoyiannis2">Harilaos Kontoyiannis2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angeliki%20Konstantinopoulou2">Angeliki Konstantinopoulou2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgios%20Krokkos1">Georgios Krokkos1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5">5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgios%20Pappas2">Georgios Pappas2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vassilis%20P.%20Papadopoulos2">Vassilis P. Papadopoulos2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20Parinos2">Konstantinos Parinos2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvira%20Plakidi2">Elvira Plakidi2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Rousselaki2">Eleni Rousselaki2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitris%20Velaoras2">Dimitris Velaoras2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panagiota%20Zachioti2">Panagiota Zachioti2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theodore%20Zoulias2">Theodore Zoulias2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Hoteit5.">Ibrahim Hoteit5.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The coastal areas along the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on both the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf have been witnessing in the past decades an unprecedented economic growth and a rapid increase in anthropogenic activities. Therefore, the Saudi Arabian government has decided to frame a strategy for sustainable development of the coastal and marine environments, which comes in the context of the Vision 2030, aimed at providing the first comprehensive ‘Status Quo Assessment’ of the Kingdom’s coastal and marine environments. This strategy will serve as a baseline assessment for future monitoring activities; this baseline is relied on scientific evidence of the drivers, pressures, and their impact on the environments of the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. A key element of the assessment was the cumulative pressures of the hotspots analysis, which was developed following the principles of the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework and using the cumulative pressure and impact assessment methodology. Ten hotspot sites were identified, eight in the Red Sea and two in the Arabian Gulf. Thus, multidisciplinary research cruises were conducted throughout the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf coastal and marine environments in June/July 2021 and September 2021, respectively, in order to understand the relative impact of hydrography and the various pressures on the quality of seawater and sediments. The main objective was to record the physical and biogeochemical parameters along the coastal waters of the Kingdom, tracing the dispersion of contaminants related to specific pressures. The assessment revealed the effect of hydrography on the trophic status of the southern marine coastal areas of the Red Sea. Jeddah Lagoon system seems to face significant eutrophication and pollution challenges, whereas sediments are enriched in some heavy metals in many areas of the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. This multidisciplinary research in the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf coastal waters will pave the way for future detailed environmental monitoring strategies for the Saudi Arabian marine environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arabian%20gulf" title="arabian gulf">arabian gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminants" title=" contaminants"> contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotspot" title=" hotspot"> hotspot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20sea" title=" red sea"> red sea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154158/coastal-water-characteristics-along-the-saudi-arabian-coastline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqaba%20gulf&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqaba%20gulf&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqaba%20gulf&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqaba%20gulf&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqaba%20gulf&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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