CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c696e7998655fc',cH: 'wEY_osjcOyegXzH0NlKEn8ukisPnKsQ8O3ORWDFFC9g-1741313772-1.2.1.1-M7XuwWlXqmYH5OyjbgKS74PUvEaIoMrqsiazwzF5HXmcn3mAIs_A7gvY.BJdLAJf',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=electron%20acoustic%20%20waves&__cf_chl_tk=SKGECS1GsBWLTZJbZbbMi9OP6HpgVGeWKH11PCXpi1s-1741313772-1.0.1.1-URFiGy0tkMrsnnlKMl755HVoJcigZXfJRgs8yxFwHQM",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741313772',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=electron%20acoustic%20%20waves&__cf_chl_f_tk=SKGECS1GsBWLTZJbZbbMi9OP6HpgVGeWKH11PCXpi1s-1741313772-1.0.1.1-URFiGy0tkMrsnnlKMl755HVoJcigZXfJRgs8yxFwHQM",md: "q_TYM9tmQkMNY6UIV3.A_bZJlGU9wQMxbDU3DHac5o8-1741313772-1.2.1.1-V09UTMQ.2X9.PtHRfEl516n9ZhtuAmWprI4xfxvtUUysMRyoZb9o8MyMzCTdm1ioQrmVet3PwotRV3FHpGkRYeCmdmbPCc3TEzqyjObXtEIzf.OGRcjFWA3yqjycb6IYt6SA.rLkGTfnATGAvP5nai9qxJQKKF3I0aJ3LCKGL1poLrk8lCMGRUUM77gk5SKYTrN7ieTyWBlveCNBFVPiipPvcRqa8wkEy4fMva1CEuYRQ69Wr_yCrmNrUUEb.TRUnRO__Rf.hgxwHc9dkcalccZpwNyUsyQDXQLZJE0a5R0nmq64I31LLlpYGG5QGn3q6YI0N57u_TVrEzfekQFEkUzroGZ.qTEKxsdaV_zrwZZzqdNDkJL0zVy0cHN3NmrnCG64gjxXDlzxsMnaeqpL7ukUrZlc2dVdGy3JrtH7ZXDfnqU6uuKXKe2lmDx06x7KpvEgPf0yTHieHtckfQz7OKhkM3yxJyEuSHoDrR0gOdocAI4j_lp7WGvyesvd84PDIUSAqbdkQH3RwP7H1jT9MYMCrU62YZwMA6mMjDcb3jXhJQfWpeCCFeBwDIUyZBhm1c_QzX_4NDhU2Q2.Yyg0hbx8b5mYu4f7qIMXZvbUMvCEeNH1BKQjWn5LfKP4GutGNSjk5elHQqwoen7rsKS.mKUDLK4S0RqgO.1h4IYN.M5aKGqPhXdo0zhA74mZFVknu3vMBdABDbmXl9Pr7dThhJTCDW85_3y55i_OMeMpXLFIlsdyr_IUXt.nNeg6iwRogFVuZG6gLqbEazjl3V91ho1OpDH9qMGtWA_sBITmIvQWpT5KNFubgrebV4KBEM_k7tPjWfscS88ejttbkxUFLkxlEMoEQILCO57ttwaodfDvPqVG.4lD9QySdM7q5dPh1LvasvMdc3sBbuzzxWAUEeMsAV8Ag1liuEaYfMEhJNmFQijqCSlaqRkwvxDycu39h9H5Li3nTl8k7PeFGh2mFV1i9IjybeXMFPZGKNqTkleUpVsf2CBdqxQxL2Sy7.fh2K7OHGyYusSE8Jfg5FdzoYpN7YAxK.uNusrJXg2z9h7BQxA80Q0Qy2nlL_pHtoaMjPmmzEjiF9NQ3lbzBIIC3GX9pwxHJBncMrk_Gj6X9jaHomvugapZluTpaZXy5s3iSJssL_zNh6Q20.byXN_85UpDQd_DfRbCZsjGPQvXg18dqCwdo6ap24TiVjhMtiEURMVEp9rEgU8zER2UvsQl3i5i531uaVAAmZPOrCDYgMp8MBX9rUssuRSsaV0VvxUFAS2CXfj7qulkHEmS4P4OuQaM52F5apbcvFS1LyXWzBpfsQPRsSsdh15GD7xquc39",mdrd: "wCmvmG8waSgGYyy1bcdb7h0.WU7VAfZ3CPBRLBcI9.I-1741313772-1.2.1.1-lrHU5V7D4liCJtwTBBS7vz8Ct9Hq74o1aZRyvpL4kdi3ExrU3v1HnzsE.VdwpXAwIg_h0u90E7f6Yo7FrK6CXaWJ3iW7.zdPMBAYz5RB4.LuhgurnL83fEd2YIkmQC6DBN_2r25FUmosR8mrq0JjK6WOCp9ZPIMzLEeM9_rIB2kHaEoUJcldJimgK7bbiu4DgDLHlmUXT_A58RaCFLtOvwPIwQdoIAoAChX5GcBHEKR4io8c6Fv1FXXZbh4Xwf2p.Oh3bmg6IWQd7659_bo3rMG33H58zaRkzlZTpmAEUUUH0dPdgEKG3GBgoOweOeoE2abb9yOeLIgurNbmuZKP7rP72udzzu1BihtT__zyI0JySlYmEdzrT8v5we6TEt35EohLxV7wOBV7yqqSgGk32Bje9HtUbHTHLqbA4tcGHdmaZuFSb5yx_pw8jxWAr8Vj4hY.2ZhXkw1TEkkhb_M1dSkMnr6rVjNVDIJKIP0ocXCLrpWSAeu_sxen39LI_WlP8xvI_vT42uJLoeHKul23NbFw.pru1d_BSaYulb6t.jz2rK9Or_6UbzctKGSAKf2c8t8O.HcTJfLhQRyhAbATF_Svb8a5_urNVf3jeKKk4oodqFXDGyIxdzaeKhOY8xdxuvRhGGXQqRAJeDyopvL3PVqreCAoBqYu8TJsWJ6hQtLGTz2iywgP083GyIRNuDJk4W65w8NbQEAeDGHulD7Cu9dcwCAywPDip51muCHWUXDnxU3EB9h8eJJNtbl9IPzXDW4IFcM9jFIB9Bk8odnhqVl2QzqHD0dMVnnQfRJPbXoctxr74VWvvoCHJKwsSzrSgP8kBaMro.GfvRg3XlvS79CFY8ZdUOYjzCIfnSypMj1bvi0f1E5qPCH1mVAPGWBPtqibSpMe3WuIcjYPIdIGdl0_ejbbF2N.Zkn6uO.QOzhEEzO.4bIFa9naAxwo4WZVZx.r5uXABUFqZ7_kJVjMNwMBysm_HFuwKnyF8FNWl2yF2htIj5HfoPNAPh33x4h_gxZGbO9px.ABOWQDILEZZ4AGhc2TCScc2iGQjN1kBtMW8GzS62B0ZJ2ukOGEr9.AJWLAit0mbVAZ.mDEPSix0kM4HeoEK94cNqVCrXWAx7cjv48NfIsBIHRjRtEyA59zsO4YdHXwT7.7Q6EMBm0r31BGfd5v0Aa9r.L9jMc1bqn6QOte75v0Qdzkz0GVqdUYij9BvxDpGBBZ8mnWsU4swF6NZZsO0DB3uHjlpl9N_eIF5Zis.iuo1731LoiAO9Gq7hCmGEnX3Kp8IlenYFLUUyykX03DAjRQopukxyI7.WSG3qNcR__53kZtDewgMSNg_ZuIEau1MlW.K.I472aaRrTKfELZxxCCmRZdfGWjMCCDmkur914_Hao.LguRQuK_2BXi6m6JRikauQHkNuMR.GxkTZWExDR7cA0htWtl5N6YteVdzeU_9npHtCvi5Bx1yFPcsviekKv25zXYmoIwfqB3f2J28hMQ.TpMzo8acwiBhJGl5a9Vriq.k3V.6mmz6gBeLTUqTuTRcqbR.7rZY5CUiVbulpBZaI_L0iWaYn7Oddscj0U56d.Kt995loqiTjrdqwVj24ybdxm2Fq2Ne44nkEQkdBitDx8xeG46PEiqu8w9nPG0Z_h_TsXTJM0h7GzLPQJi5NbpAMb1BPJRo3q2CP7BjHTlD5Ic8SPIk72srH9auAbqMpYoKzE1BLh0pWg1re2lOGCB3kBYkKGDMK_SS7Wnac4EPLkP1krLGBI13BWzUmINLmQnNUY58j2FxhX3oxfPM4jd7ziZqwOLd.MiZwxeamn4dUdzVW935v41jsiNOip1u1g8lR2o2qQG32F7wMVvDBrg3wlbkeHylSMWRDGmTbkoJuVtkbTDYFBGGSUTrz9lBS2KXHOnubxJHRmIJ8RBCA2Usx.swEqMNxwVjOPRjSZTXe1UYcAJYW_jCjPQeVorw.gcb4.FiynY"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c696e7998655fc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=electron%20acoustic%20%20waves&__cf_chl_rt_tk=SKGECS1GsBWLTZJbZbbMi9OP6HpgVGeWKH11PCXpi1s-1741313772-1.0.1.1-URFiGy0tkMrsnnlKMl755HVoJcigZXfJRgs8yxFwHQM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>