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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Accolades and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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title="Novi Film – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Novi Film" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ola_negra" title="Ola negra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ola negra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="موج سیاه یوگسلاوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موج سیاه یوگسلاوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vague_noire" title="Vague noire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vague noire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_nera" title="Onda nera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onda nera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_negra" title="Onda negra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Onda negra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Югославская чёрная волна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Югославская чёрная волна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B4%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%8C_(%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="شەپۆلی ڕەشی یوگوسلاڤی (سینەما) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەپۆلی ڕەشی یوگوسلاڤی (سینەما)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Црни талас – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црни талас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crni_talas" title="Crni talas – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crni talas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2330738#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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For the Belgian hip-hop duo, see <a href="/wiki/Blackwave." title="Blackwave.">blackwave.</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Yugoslav Black Wave</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Works_1969_premiere_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d7/Early_Works_1969_premiere_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="494" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="485" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Poster advertising <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_%C5%BDilnik" title="Želimir Žilnik">Želimir Žilnik's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Early_Works_(film)" title="Early Works (film)">Early Works</a></i> which prompted the publication of <i>A Black Wave in Our Cinema</i>, coining the movement's name</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">early 1960s to early 1970s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SFRY" class="mw-redirect" title="SFRY">Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major figures</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Makavejev" title="Dušan Makavejev">Dušan Makavejev</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivojin_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Živojin Pavlović">Žika Pavlović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Petrovi%C4%87_(film_director)" title="Aleksandar Petrović (film director)">Aleksandar Petrović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_%C5%BDilnik" title="Želimir Žilnik">Želimir Žilnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mika_Anti%C4%87" title="Mika Antić">Mika Antić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lordan_Zafranovi%C4%87" title="Lordan Zafranović">Lordan Zafranović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%87a_Popovi%C4%87" title="Mića Popović">Mića Popović</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Neorealism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Neorealism">Italian Neorealism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_student_demonstrations_in_Yugoslavia" title="1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia">1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yugoslav Black Wave</b> (also referred to as <b>Black Wave</b>; <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Crni val</i> / <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh">Црни вал</span></span> or <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">Crni talas</i></span> / <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh">Црни талас</span></span>) is a blanket term for a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> film and broader cultural movement starting from the early 1960s and ending in the early 1970s. Notable directors include <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Makavejev" title="Dušan Makavejev">Dušan Makavejev</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivojin_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Živojin Pavlović">Žika Pavlović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Petrovi%C4%87_(film_director)" title="Aleksandar Petrović (film director)">Aleksandar Petrović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_%C5%BDilnik" title="Želimir Žilnik">Želimir Žilnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mika_Anti%C4%87" title="Mika Antić">Mika Antić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lordan_Zafranovi%C4%87" title="Lordan Zafranović">Lordan Zafranović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%87a_Popovi%C4%87" title="Mića Popović">Mića Popović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Kadijevi%C4%87" title="Đorđe Kadijević">Đorđe Kadijević</a> and Marko Babac. Black Wave films are known for their non-traditional approach to filmmaking, <a href="/wiki/Dark_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark humor">dark humor</a> and their critical examination of socialist Yugoslav society.<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Black Wave auteurs largely drew inspiration from similar trends in world cinematography, primarily the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian Neorealism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a>. It was additionally inspired by <a href="/wiki/1968_student_demonstrations_in_Yugoslavia" title="1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia">1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">other student and civil rights protests</a> throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The filmmakers were linked by a common wish to increase the freedom of artistic expression, as well as the wish to openly criticize the policies of the socialist state. The liberalization of the film form and expression reached its peak in 1967–68. </p><p>In the following years, the counter-offensive against the new movement intensified. The films provoked a reaction from the ruling <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a>, whose official newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Borba_(newspaper)" title="Borba (newspaper)">Borba</a></i> published an article written by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Jovi%C4%8Di%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Jovičić (page does not exist)">Vladimir Jovičić</a> titled <i>Crni val u našem filmu</i> (A Black Wave in Our Cinema)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on August 3, 1969, which coined the movement's name. On October 27, 1969, the Commission of the Presidency of the League held a session regarding the "Conditions and Problems in Yugoslav Cinematography". A conclusion was reached that certain films have a tendency to be <a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">counter-revolutionary</a> and degrading. Numerous films and other artworks were banned, with some directors being forced to leave the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoulding200283_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoulding200283-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 5, 1971, a large public discussion was held in <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> about <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Makavejev" title="Dušan Makavejev">Dušan Makavejev's</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/W.R.:_Mysteries_of_the_Organism" title="W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism">W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism</a></i>, where the film's portrayal of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> was criticized and groups feared that <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> would be the next subject of such criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was banned and sealed away for 15 years. <a href="/wiki/Lazar_Stojanovi%C4%87" title="Lazar Stojanović">Lazar Stojanović</a>, director of the 1973 student film <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastic_Jesus_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastic Jesus (film) (page does not exist)">Plastic Jesus</a></i> was imprisoned for "spreading enemy propaganda". In 1973 the Black Wave was officially banned and the so-called Red Wave appeared. Red Wave films, which were in complete opposition to the Black Wave, were primarily <a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan films</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neretva_(film)" title="Battle of Neretva (film)">Battle of Neretva</a></i> (1969), <i><a href="/wiki/Walter_Defends_Sarajevo" title="Walter Defends Sarajevo">Walter Defends Sarajevo</a></i> (1971), <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sutjeska_(film)" title="Battle of Sutjeska (film)">Battle of Sutjeska</a></i> (1973), <i><a href="/wiki/Guns_of_War" title="Guns of War">Guns of War</a></i> (1974), <i><a href="/wiki/Hell_River" title="Hell River">Partisans</a></i> (1974), <i><a href="/wiki/Doktor_Mladen" title="Doktor Mladen">Doctor Mladen</a></i> (1975), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Earth_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Earth (film) (page does not exist)">Red Earth</a></i> (1975), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partisan_Squadron_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partisan Squadron (film) (page does not exist)">Partisan Squadron</a></i> (1979), <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Transport" title="Great Transport">Great Transport</a></i> (1983) and others. These events marked the end of the Black Wave and the beginning of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Years_of_Lead_(Yugoslavia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Years of Lead (Yugoslavia) (page does not exist)">Years of Lead</a> in Yugoslav cinematography, characterized by the stifling of creative freedoms in the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_characteristics">Style and characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Style and characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Black Wave films, both fictional and documentary, largely criticized Yugoslav society and its socialist ideology, particularly government officials and the extent of their authority. They represent the opposite of classic socialist cultural aestheticism (most often seen in <a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan films</a>) which depicted <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia's resistance movement during World War II</a> and its postwar social and economic progress. Many Black Wave films featured a recontextualized view of Yugoslav Partisans and depicted them in a more realistic manner, such as <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Petrovi%C4%87_(film_director)" title="Aleksandar Petrović (film director)">Aleksandar Petrović's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Three_(1965_film)" title="Three (1965 film)">Three</a></i>, whose protagonist's moral struggles and hopelessness in the face of war set the film apart from other representatives of the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black Wave films focused on the everyday reality of regular people, individuals living in poverty, petty criminals, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the main characteristics of the movement was cinematic social <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealism</a> and inspired by the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a> and other European movements of the period. Black Wave films were often <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">low-budget</a>, filmed with <a href="/wiki/Hand-held_camera" title="Hand-held camera">hand-held cameras</a>, contained explicit violence and nudity and featured actors who were largely unknown at the time (such as <a href="/wiki/Dragan_Nikoli%C4%87" title="Dragan Nikolić">Dragan Nikolić</a>, who had his breakthrough role in <i><a href="/wiki/When_I_Am_Dead_and_Gone" title="When I Am Dead and Gone">When I Am Dead and Gone</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are marked by a <a href="/wiki/Political_satire" title="Political satire">satirical</a> overtone and extensively feature <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a>. Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, directors started taking on a more <a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">avant-garde</a> approach to filmmaking and often utilized more surrealist and allegorical cinematic language. This approach is most notably seen in <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Makavejev" title="Dušan Makavejev">Dušan Makavejev's</a> filmography of this period (<i><a href="/wiki/Innocence_Unprotected" title="Innocence Unprotected">Innocence Unprotected</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/W.R.:_Mysteries_of_the_Organism" title="W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism">W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Movie" title="Sweet Movie">Sweet Movie</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-amg-IU_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amg-IU-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_individuals_and_works">Notable individuals and works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable individuals and works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ranko_Munitic_(1943-2009),_standing,_with_Zelimir_Zilnik_%26_Dusan_Makavejev,_TVNS_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ranko_Munitic_%281943-2009%29%2C_standing%2C_with_Zelimir_Zilnik_%26_Dusan_Makavejev%2C_TVNS_1989.jpg/240px-Ranko_Munitic_%281943-2009%29%2C_standing%2C_with_Zelimir_Zilnik_%26_Dusan_Makavejev%2C_TVNS_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ranko_Munitic_%281943-2009%29%2C_standing%2C_with_Zelimir_Zilnik_%26_Dusan_Makavejev%2C_TVNS_1989.jpg/360px-Ranko_Munitic_%281943-2009%29%2C_standing%2C_with_Zelimir_Zilnik_%26_Dusan_Makavejev%2C_TVNS_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ranko_Munitic_%281943-2009%29%2C_standing%2C_with_Zelimir_Zilnik_%26_Dusan_Makavejev%2C_TVNS_1989.jpg/480px-Ranko_Munitic_%281943-2009%29%2C_standing%2C_with_Zelimir_Zilnik_%26_Dusan_Makavejev%2C_TVNS_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1373" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_%C5%BDilnik" title="Želimir Žilnik">Želimir Žilnik</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Makavejev" title="Dušan Makavejev">Dušan Makavejev</a> (middle) with critic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranko_Mutini%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranko Mutinić (page does not exist)">Ranko Mutinić</a>, 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable Black Wave filmmakers include <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Petrovi%C4%87_(film_director)" title="Aleksandar Petrović (film director)">Aleksandar Petrović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivojin_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Živojin Pavlović">Živojin Pavlović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Kadijevi%C4%87" title="Đorđe Kadijević">Đorđe Kadijević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Makavejev" title="Dušan Makavejev">Dušan Makavejev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%87a_Popovi%C4%87" title="Mića Popović">Mića Popović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lordan_Zafranovi%C4%87" title="Lordan Zafranović">Lordan Zafranović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_%C5%BDilnik" title="Želimir Žilnik">Želimir Žilnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lazar_Stojanovi%C4%87" title="Lazar Stojanović">Lazar Stojanović</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ljubi%C5%A1a_Kozomara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljubiša Kozomara (page does not exist)">Ljubiša Kozomara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordan_Mihi%C4%87" title="Gordan Mihić">Gordan Mihić</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojislav_Kokan_Rakonjac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojislav Kokan Rakonjac (page does not exist)">Vojislav Kokan Rakonjac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Jovanovi%C4%87_(film_director)" title="Jovan Jovanović (film director)">Jovan Jovanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrudin_%C4%8Cengi%C4%87" title="Bahrudin Čengić">Bahrudin Čengić</a> and others. </p><p>Dušan Makavejev is considered to be among the most significant Black Wave filmmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most successful film was the 1971 political satire <i><a href="/wiki/W.R.:_Mysteries_of_the_Organism" title="W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism">W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism</a></i>, which he wrote and directed. The film was banned and Makavejev fled the country, not working there again until 1988. He shot his surrealist political satire <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Movie" title="Sweet Movie">Sweet Movie</a></i> (1974) in Canada, the Netherlands, and France.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aleksandar "Saša" Petrović was another of the major figures of the Black Wave. He contributed to the popularization of the movement, both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Two of his works were nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Three_(1965_film)" title="Three (1965 film)">Three</a></i> (1965) in <a href="/wiki/39th_Academy_Awards" title="39th Academy Awards">1966</a><sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1967_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/I_Even_Met_Happy_Gypsies" title="I Even Met Happy Gypsies">I Even Met Happy Gypsies</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/40th_Academy_Awards" title="40th Academy Awards">1967</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1968_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1968-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Želimir Žilnik's <i><a href="/wiki/Early_Works_(film)" title="Early Works (film)">Early Works</a></i> (1969) contains the typical characteristics of Black Wave films: unusual uses of film techniques, political and social concerns, a tendency towards oppositional ideology and a fatalistic climax.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Žilnik's film prompted writer and journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Jovi%C4%8Di%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Jovičić (page does not exist)">Vladimir Jovičić</a> to write <i>Crni val u našem filmu</i> (A Black Wave in Our Cinema), published in <i><a href="/wiki/Borba_(newspaper)" title="Borba (newspaper)">Borba</a></i> on August 3, 1969, which gave the movement its name.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoulding200279–81_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoulding200279–81-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the majority of Black Wave directors and films were <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Serbian</a>, numerous <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Croatian</a> filmmakers emerged, most notably <a href="/wiki/Lordan_Zafranovi%C4%87" title="Lordan Zafranović">Lordan Zafranović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krsto_Papi%C4%87" title="Krsto Papić">Krsto Papić</a>. A significant Croatian film of this era is Papić's <i><a href="/wiki/Handcuffs_(film)" title="Handcuffs (film)">Handcuffs</a></i> (1969),<sup id="cite_ref-JL_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first film to take on a critical approach to the 1948 <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito-Stalin split</a>. </p><p>Significant Black Wave films include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/And_Love_Has_Vanished" title="And Love Has Vanished">And Love Has Vanished</a></i> (1961)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Girl_(film)" title="Strange Girl (film)">Strange Girl</a></i> (1962)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parade_(1962_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parade (1962 film) (page does not exist)">Parade</a></i> (1962)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Days_(1963_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Days (1963 film) (page does not exist)">Days</a></i> (1963)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_the_Oak_Forest" title="The Man from the Oak Forest">The Man from the Oak Forest</a></i> (1963)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_(1963_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The City (1963 film) (page does not exist)">The City</a></i> (1963)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_(1965_film)" title="Three (1965 film)">Three</a></i> (1965)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_Is_Not_a_Bird" title="Man Is Not a Bird">Man Is Not a Bird</a></i> (1965)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Enemy_(1965_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Enemy (1965 film) (page does not exist)">The Enemy</a></i> (1965)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Return_(1966_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Return (1966 film) (page does not exist)">The Return</a></i> (1966)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Swarm_(1966_film)" title="The Swarm (1966 film)">The Swarm</a></i> (1966)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Even_Met_Happy_Gypsies" title="I Even Met Happy Gypsies">I Even Met Happy Gypsies</a></i> (1967)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rats_Woke_Up" title="The Rats Woke Up">The Rats Woke Up</a></i> (1967)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/When_I_Am_Dead_and_Gone" title="When I Am Dead and Gone">When I Am Dead and Gone</a></i> (1967)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Feast_(1967_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Feast (1967 film) (page does not exist)">The Feast</a></i> (1967)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Affair,_or_the_Case_of_the_Missing_Switchboard_Operator" title="Love Affair, or the Case of the Missing Switchboard Operator">Love Affair, or the Case of the Missing Switchboard Operator</a></i> (1967)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Morning_(film)" title="The Morning (film)">The Morning</a></i> (1967)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Trek_(1968_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Trek (1968 film) (page does not exist)">The Trek</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Rains_in_My_Village" title="It Rains in My Village">It Rains in My Village</a></i> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Innocence_Unprotected" title="Innocence Unprotected">Innocence Unprotected</a></i> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unemployed_(1968_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Unemployed (1968 film)">The Unemployed</a></i> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tough_Ones_(1968_film)" title="The Tough Ones (1968 film)">The Tough Ones</a></i> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do_Not_Mention_the_Cause_of_Death&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Do Not Mention the Cause of Death (page does not exist)">Do Not Mention the Cause of Death</a></i> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noon_(film)" title="Noon (film)">Noon</a></i> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Sand_(1968_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Sand (1968 film) (page does not exist)">Holy Sand</a></i> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ambush_(1969_film)" title="The Ambush (1969 film)">The Ambush</a></i> (1969)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Handcuffs_(film)" title="Handcuffs (film)">Handcuffs</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Works_(film)" title="Early Works (film)">Early Works</a></i> (1969)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crows_(1969_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crows (1969 film) (page does not exist)">Crows</a></i> (1969)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakfast_with_the_Devil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breakfast with the Devil (page does not exist)">Breakfast with the Devil</a></i> (1969)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Wheat" title="Red Wheat">Red Wheat</a></i> (1970)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/W.R.:_Mysteries_of_the_Organism" title="W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism">W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism</a></i> (1971)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastic_Jesus_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastic Jesus (film) (page does not exist)">Plastic Jesus</a></i> (1971)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Film_(1971_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Film (1971 film)">Black Film</a></i> (1971)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_and_Healthy_as_a_Rose" title="Young and Healthy as a Rose">Young and Healthy as a Rose</a></i> (1971)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salty_Peanuts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salty Peanuts (page does not exist)">Salty Peanuts</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Role_of_My_Family_in_the_World_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Role of My Family in the World Revolution (page does not exist)">The Role of My Family in the World Revolution</a></i> (1971)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Miss_Sonia_Henie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I Miss Sonia Henie (page does not exist)">I Miss Sonia Henie</a></i> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_a_Shock_Force_Worker" title="Life of a Shock Force Worker">Life of a Shock Force Worker</a></i> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margaret_(1972_film)" title="The Master and Margaret (1972 film)">The Master and Margaret</a></i> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=And_God_Created_a_Tavern_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="And God Created a Tavern Singer (page does not exist)">And God Created a Tavern Singer</a></i> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Blow_(1974_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Blow (1974 film) (page does not exist)">Red Blow</a></i> (1974)<sup id="cite_ref-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-„Црни_талас“_као_израз_бунта2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Movie" title="Sweet Movie">Sweet Movie</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manhunt_(1977_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhunt (1977 film) (page does not exist)">Manhunt</a></i> (1977)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Significant representatives of the Black Wave in literature are <a href="/wiki/Mirko_Kova%C4%8D_(writer)" title="Mirko Kovač (writer)">Mirko Kovač</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragoslav_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Dragoslav Mihailović">Dragoslav Mihailović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Seleni%C4%87" title="Slobodan Selenić">Slobodan Selenić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonije_Isakovi%C4%87" title="Antonije Isaković">Antonije Isaković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milisav_Savi%C4%87" title="Milisav Savić">Milisav Savić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vidosav_Stevanovi%C4%87" title="Vidosav Stevanović">Vidosav Stevanović</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Ivanovi%C4%87_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Ivanović (writer) (page does not exist)">Ivan Ivanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Tirnani%C4%87" title="Bogdan Tirnanić">Bogdan Tirnanić</a> and others. </p><p>Significant literary works include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 60em;"> <ul><li><i>Gubilište</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mirko_Kova%C4%8D_(writer)" title="Mirko Kovač (writer)">Mirko Kovač</a>, 1962)</li> <li><i>Memoari jednog makroa</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_V%C3%A9gel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="László Végel (page does not exist)">László Végel</a>, 1967)</li> <li><i>Kad su cvetale tikve</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dragoslav_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Dragoslav Mihailović">Dragoslav Mihailović</a>, 1968)</li> <li><i>Memoari Pere bogalja</i> (<a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Seleni%C4%87" title="Slobodan Selenić">Slobodan Selenić</a>, 1968)</li> <li><i>Pismo/Glava</i> (<a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Seleni%C4%87" title="Slobodan Selenić">Slobodan Selenić</a>, 1970)</li> <li><i>Crveni kralj</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Ivanovi%C4%87_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Ivanović (writer) (page does not exist)">Ivan Ivanović</a><b>,</b> 1972)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades_and_legacy">Accolades and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Accolades and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Black Wave is one of the most successful and internationally recognized cinematic movements of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>, besides the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a> of the 2000s. Films from the wave won a plethora of international recognition, including a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bear" title="Golden Bear">Golden Bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Bear_for_Best_Director" title="Silver Bear for Best Director">Silver Bear for Best Director</a>,<a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" title="Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)"> Cannes Grand Prix</a>, six nominations for <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or"> Cannes Palme d'Or</a> and four nominations for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Academy Award for Best International Feature Film</a>, with success continuing through directors emerging from the wave, including two <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> awards in 1980s and 1990s. Today, several of the films are considered classics of world cinema and were released as part of influential collections such as <a href="/wiki/Criterion_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Criterion Collection">Criterion Collection</a> in the United States. Film historian Mina Radovic presented the first international retrospective of the Yugoslav Black Wave at The Museum of Modern Art (<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">MoMA</a>) in New York in September 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The restored version of <a href="/wiki/Bahrudin_%C4%8Cengi%C4%87" title="Bahrudin Čengić">Bahrudin Čengić's</a> 1972 film <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_a_Shock_Force_Worker" title="Life of a Shock Force Worker">Life of a Shock Force Worker</a></i> was nominated for the Best Restored Film at the <a href="/wiki/80th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="80th Venice International Film Festival">80th Venice Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_New_Wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech New Wave">Czech New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allmovie&rft.atitle=Nevinost+bez+za%C5%A1tite&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallmovie.com%2Fwork%2Finnocence-unprotected-24894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criterion.com/films/552-sweet-movie">"Sweet Movie"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Criterion_Collection" title="The Criterion Collection">The Criterion Collection</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131226105027/http://www.criterion.com/films/552-sweet-movie">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Criterion Collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/6268-memories-of-taboo-buster-du-an-makavejev">Memories of Taboo-Buster Dušan Makavejev|The Current|The Criterion Collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1967-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1967_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1967">"The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+39th+Academy+Awards+%281967%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQXXvjEJG_w">Patricia Neal presenting Best Foreign Language Film Oscar® to "A Man and a Woman": 1967 Oscars</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1968-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1968_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968">"The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vidovdan.org/arhiva/print2471.html">the original</a> on 2010-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vidovdan.org+-+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80+%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&rft.date=2010-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vidovdan.org%2Farhiva%2Fprint2471.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Забрањени_без_забране2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Забрањени_без_забране2_23-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Забрањени без забране</i>, Милан Никодијевић и Динко Туцаковић, Art & Popcorn (2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradshaw2024" class="citation news cs1">Bradshaw, Peter (2024-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/jul/29/three-review-aleksandar-petrovic-klassiki">"Three review – Yugoslavian trilogy of tales tracks the horrors of the second world war"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Three+review+%E2%80%93+Yugoslavian+trilogy+of+tales+tracks+the+horrors+of+the+second+world+war&rft.date=2024-07-29&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjul%2F29%2Fthree-review-aleksandar-petrovic-klassiki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/calendar/film/5607?locale=en">"Black Wave to White Ray:Yugoslav Film of the 1960s"</a>. <i>The Museum of Modern Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=Black+Wave+to+White+Ray%3AYugoslav+Film+of+the+1960s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcalendar%2Ffilm%2F5607%3Flocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0124111/awards/"><i>Life of a Shock Force Worker (1972) - Awards - IMDb</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+a+Shock+Force+Worker+%281972%29+-+Awards+-+IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0124111%2Fawards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoulding2002" class="citation book cs1">Goulding, Daniel J. (2002) [1985]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nImsi66fYt4C"><i>Liberated Cinema: The Yugoslav Experience, 1945-2001</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21582-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21582-6"><bdi>978-0-253-21582-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberated+Cinema%3A+The+Yugoslav+Experience%2C+1945-2001&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21582-6&rft.aulast=Goulding&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnImsi66fYt4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Black_Wave&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevi2007" class="citation book cs1">Levi, Pavle (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Sdi63FxE7EC"><i>Disintegration in Frames: Aesthetics and Ideology in the Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Cinema</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5368-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5368-5"><bdi>978-0-8047-5368-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disintegration+in+Frames%3A+Aesthetics+and+Ideology+in+the+Yugoslav+and+Post-Yugoslav+Cinema&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5368-5&rft.aulast=Levi&rft.aufirst=Pavle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Sdi63FxE7EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirnSekulićTesten2011" class="citation book cs1">Kirn, Gal; Sekulić, Dubravka; Testen, Žiga, eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monoskop.org/images/f/f7/Kirn_Sekulic_Testen_eds_Surfing_the_Black_Yugoslav_Black_Wave_Cinema_and_Its_Transgressive_Moments.pdf"><i>Surfing the Black: Yugoslav Black Wave Cinema and Its Transgressive Moments</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Jan_Van_Eyck_Academie" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Van Eyck Academie">Jan Van Eyck Academie</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-72076-47-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-72076-47-2"><bdi>978-90-72076-47-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surfing+the+Black%3A+Yugoslav+Black+Wave+Cinema+and+Its+Transgressive+Moments&rft.pub=Jan+Van+Eyck+Academie&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-72076-47-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonoskop.org%2Fimages%2Ff%2Ff7%2FKirn_Sekulic_Testen_eds_Surfing_the_Black_Yugoslav_Black_Wave_Cinema_and_Its_Transgressive_Moments.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Black+Wave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres257" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodrama film">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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