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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Algeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Algeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahamas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahamas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Bahamas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahamas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Bolivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cambodia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambodia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Cambodia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambodia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecuador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecuador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>Ecuador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecuador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_Salvador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_Salvador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.18</span> <span>El Salvador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_Salvador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.19</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.20</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.21</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.22</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honduras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honduras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.23</span> <span>Honduras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honduras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.24</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.25</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.26</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.27</span> <span>Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.28</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.29</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.30</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.31</span> <span>North Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.32</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.33</span> <span>Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maldives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maldives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.34</span> <span>Maldives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maldives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.35</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.36</span> <span>Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myanmar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.37</span> <span>Myanmar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.38</span> <span>Namibia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.39</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.40</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.41</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paraguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paraguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.42</span> <span>Paraguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paraguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.43</span> <span>Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.44</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.45</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.46</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.47</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.48</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.49</span> <span>Saudi Arabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.50</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.51</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.52</span> <span>Sri Lanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.53</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.54</span> <span>Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.55</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.56</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tonga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tonga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.57</span> <span>Tonga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tonga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.58</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.59</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.60</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.61</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.62</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.63</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.64</span> <span>Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_marine_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_marine_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical marine forces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_marine_forces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical marine forces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_marine_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ancient Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austrian/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austrian/Austro-Hungarian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Austrian/Austro-Hungarian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austrian/Austro-Hungarian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sangkum_era_Kingdom_of_Cambodia/Khmer_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sangkum_era_Kingdom_of_Cambodia/Khmer_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Sangkum era Kingdom of Cambodia/Khmer Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sangkum_era_Kingdom_of_Cambodia/Khmer_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qing_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qing_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Qing China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qing_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manchukuo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manchukuo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7.1</span> <span>Manchukuo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manchukuo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark-Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Denmark-Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Dutch Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Estonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gran_Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gran_Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>Gran Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gran_Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.13</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.14</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.15</span> <span>Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fascist_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fascist_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16</span> <span>Fascist Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fascist_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.17</span> <span>Imperial Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.18</span> <span>Ottoman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.19</span> <span>Portuguese Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.20</span> <span>Russian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.21</span> <span>Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.22</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.23</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.24</span> <span>United Arab Emirates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.25</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.26</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nguyễn_clan_of_southern_Đại_Việt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nguyễn_clan_of_southern_Đại_Việt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.27</span> <span>Nguyễn clan of southern Đại Việt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nguyễn_clan_of_southern_Đại_Việt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.28</span> <span>South Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia_(SFRY)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia_(SFRY)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.29</span> <span>Yugoslavia (SFRY)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia_(SFRY)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marines</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مشاة البحرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشاة البحرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99niz_piyadas%C4%B1" title="Dəniz piyadası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəniz piyadası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1i-kun_lio%CC%8Dk-chi%C3%A0n-t%C5%ABi" title="Hái-kun lio̍k-chiàn-tūi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hái-kun lio̍k-chiàn-tūi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Марская пяхота – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марская пяхота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Морска пехота – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Морска пехота" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzuilherien-vor" title="Fuzuilherien-vor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fuzuilherien-vor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanteria_de_marina" title="Infanteria de marina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Infanteria de marina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4r-filwr" title="Môr-filwr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Môr-filwr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marineinfanteri" title="Marineinfanteri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marineinfanteri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marineinfanterie" title="Marineinfanterie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marineinfanterie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Πεζοναύτες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πεζοναύτες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanter%C3%ADa_de_marina" title="Infantería de marina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Infantería de marina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marista_infanterio" title="Marista infanterio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marista infanterio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="تفنگدار دریایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تفنگدار دریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie_de_marine" title="Infanterie de marine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Infanterie de marine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinierskorps" title="Marinierskorps – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Marinierskorps" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B3%91%EB%8C%80" title="해병대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해병대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornari%C4%8Dko_pje%C5%A1a%C5%A1tvo" title="Mornaričko pješaštvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mornaričko pješaštvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinir" title="Marinir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marinir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanteria_di_marina" title="Fanteria di marina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fanteria di marina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חיל נחתים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיל נחתים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%83_%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Теңіз жаяу әскері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Теңіз жаяу әскері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peditatus_marinus" title="Peditatus marinus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Peditatus marinus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABras_k%C4%81jnieki" title="Jūras kājnieki – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jūras kājnieki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABr%C5%B3_p%C4%97stininkai" title="Jūrų pėstininkai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jūrų pėstininkai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanteria_de_marina" title="Infanteria de marina – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Infanteria de marina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenger%C3%A9szgyalogs%C3%A1g" title="Tengerészgyalogság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tengerészgyalogság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Морнаричка пешадија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Морнаричка пешадија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മറീൻസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മറീൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askar_marin" title="Askar marin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Askar marin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Тэнгисийн явган цэрэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тэнгисийн явган цэрэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinekorps" title="Marinekorps – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marinekorps" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B5%E9%9A%8A" title="海兵隊 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="海兵隊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marineinfanteri" title="Marineinfanteri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marineinfanteri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marineinfanteri" title="Marineinfanteri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marineinfanteri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantari%C3%A1_de_marina" title="Infantariá de marina – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Infantariá de marina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piechota_morska" title="Piechota morska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piechota morska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantaria_de_marinha" title="Infantaria de marinha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Infantaria de marinha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie_marin%C4%83" title="Infanterie marină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Infanterie marină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Морская пехота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Морская пехота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinsat" title="Marinsat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Marinsat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_(military)" title="Marine (military) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marine (military)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1morn%C3%A1_pechota" title="Námorná pechota – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Námorná pechota" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornari%C5%A1ka_pehota" title="Mornariška pehota – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mornariška pehota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چەکدارە دەریایییەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەکدارە دەریایییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinci" title="Marinci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marinci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merijalkav%C3%A4ki" title="Merijalkaväki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Merijalkaväki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marink%C3%A5r" title="Marinkår – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marinkår" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="ஈரூடகப்படை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈரூடகப்படை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="นาวิกโยธิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาวิกโยธิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_piyadesi" title="Deniz piyadesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deniz piyadesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Морська піхота – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Морська піхота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%81_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="بحری پیادہ فوج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحری پیادہ فوج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_qu%C3%A2n_l%E1%BB%A5c_chi%E1%BA%BFn" title="Thủy quân lục chiến – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủy quân lục chiến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A" title="海軍陸戰隊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="海軍陸戰隊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A" title="海軍陸戰隊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海軍陸戰隊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">merchant marine</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Wasp_Vs_HMS_Reindeer_Engaged_In_Combat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/USS_Wasp_Vs_HMS_Reindeer_Engaged_In_Combat.jpg/300px-USS_Wasp_Vs_HMS_Reindeer_Engaged_In_Combat.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/USS_Wasp_Vs_HMS_Reindeer_Engaged_In_Combat.jpg/450px-USS_Wasp_Vs_HMS_Reindeer_Engaged_In_Combat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/USS_Wasp_Vs_HMS_Reindeer_Engaged_In_Combat.jpg/600px-USS_Wasp_Vs_HMS_Reindeer_Engaged_In_Combat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marines</a> aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(1814)" title="USS Wasp (1814)">USS <i>Wasp</i></a> engaging <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Reindeer_(1804)" title="HMS Reindeer (1804)">HMS <i>Reindeer</i></a> in 1814</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Marines</b> (or <b>naval infantry</b>) are military personnel generally trained to operate on both land and sea, with a particular focus on <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious warfare</a>. Historically, the main tasks undertaken by marines have included <a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">raiding</a> ashore (often in support of naval objectives) and the <a href="/wiki/Boarding_(attack)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boarding (attack)">boarding</a> of vessels during <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">ship-to-ship combat</a> or capture of <a href="/wiki/Prize_(law)" title="Prize (law)">prize ships</a>. Marines also assisted in maintaining security, discipline, and order aboard ships (reflecting the historically <a href="/wiki/Impressment" title="Impressment">pressed</a>-nature of the rest of the ship's company and the risk of <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutiny</a>). While maintaining many of their historical roles, in modern times, marines also engage in duties including <a href="/wiki/Rapid_reaction_force" title="Rapid reaction force">rapid-response operations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disaster_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Disaster relief">disaster relief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special operations roles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism operations</a>. In most nations, marines are an integral part of that state's <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navy</a>, such as the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>; in some countries their marine forces can instead be part of the <a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">land army</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">French Troupes de Marine</a>; or, more uncommonly, a nation’s marine forces may be an <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">independent military branch</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Marine_Corps" title="Ukrainian Marine Corps">Ukrainian Marine Corps</a>. </p><p>The exact term "marine" is not found in many languages other than English. In French-speaking countries, two terms which could be translated as "marine", but do not translate exactly: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">troupes de marine</a></i></span> (marine troops) and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Fusiliers-marins" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusiliers-marins">fusiliers-marins</a></i></span> (marine riflemen) and <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">fuzileiros navais</i></span> in Portuguese (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Naval fusiliers</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). The word <i>marine</i> means "navy" in many European languages such as Dutch, French, German, Italian and Norwegian. “Naval infantry” may also refer to <a href="/wiki/Sailors" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailors">sailors</a> forming both temporary and permanent infantry units, such as the British WWI-era <a href="/wiki/63rd_(Royal_Naval)_Division" title="63rd (Royal Naval) Division">63rd (Royal Naval) Division</a> (an infantry division made-up of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> sailors and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> on a semi-permanent basis) or the Imperial Japanese <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_land_forces#Units" title="Imperial Japanese Navy land forces">Naval Landing Forces</a> (ad-hoc formations of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> sailors temporarily pressed into service as infantry). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_infantry" title="History of infantry">History of infantry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AssyrianWarship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/AssyrianWarship.jpg/220px-AssyrianWarship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/AssyrianWarship.jpg/330px-AssyrianWarship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/AssyrianWarship.jpg/440px-AssyrianWarship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>Assyrian <a href="/wiki/Bireme" title="Bireme">bireme</a> with visible marines</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trireme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="sketch of an ancient Greek sailing trireme with the sail extended" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Trireme.jpg/220px-Trireme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Trireme.jpg/330px-Trireme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Trireme.jpg/440px-Trireme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">trireme</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corvus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Corvus.svg/220px-Corvus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Corvus.svg/330px-Corvus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Corvus.svg/440px-Corvus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>The Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(boarding_device)" title="Corvus (boarding device)">corvus</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In the early days of <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">naval warfare</a>, there was little distinction between <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">sailors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiers</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warship</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Watercraft_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Watercraft rowing">oarsmen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Roman</a> ships had to be capable of fighting the rowers of opposing ships hand-to-hand;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though <a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">hoplites</a> began appearing on Greek ships specifically for the boarding of enemy ships.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> was the first to understand the importance of professional soldiers dedicated to melee combat onboard of ships. During the <a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a>, Roman crews remained inferior in naval experience to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginians</a> and could not hope to match them in naval tactics, which required great fleet maneuverability and tactical experience. The Romans therefore employed a novel weapon which changed sea warfare to their advantage — they equipped their ships with the <i><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(boarding_device)" title="Corvus (boarding device)">corvus</a></i>, a long pivoting plank with a beak-like spike on the underside for hooking onto enemy ships, possibly developed earlier by the <a href="/wiki/Syracusan" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracusan">Syracusans</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athenians</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Expedition" title="Sicilian Expedition">Sicilian Expedition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a>. Using it as a boarding bridge, Roman infantrymen were able to invade an enemy ship, transforming sea combat into a version of land combat, where the Roman <a href="/wiki/Legionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionaries">legionaries</a> had the upper hand.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsworthy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsworthy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early <a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a>, a ship's crew, regardless of its size, was organized as a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Centuria" title="Centuria">centuria</a></i></span>. Crewmen could sign on as naval infantry (called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Marinus</i></span>), rowers/seamen, craftsmen and various other jobs, though all personnel serving in the imperial fleet were classed as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">milites</i></span> ("soldiers"), regardless of their function; only when differentiation with the army was required, were the adjectives <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">classiarius</i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">classicus</i></span> added. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Navy">Roman Navy</a>'s two fleet <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">legions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Adiutrix" title="Legio I Adiutrix">I <i>Adiutrix</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Legio_II_Adiutrix" title="Legio II Adiutrix">II <i>Adiutrix</i></a>, were among the first distinct naval infantry units.<sup id="cite_ref-I_Adiutrix_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I_Adiutrix-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-II_Adiutrix_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-II_Adiutrix-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first organized marine corps was created in Venice by the Doge <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Dandolo" title="Enrico Dandolo">Enrico Dandolo</a> when he created the first regiment of ten companies spread on several ships. That corps participated in the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> (1203–1204), later officially called "Fanti da Mar" (sea infantry) in 1550., Venice also had dedicated naval expeditionary corps of naval infantry recruited primarily from <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> from the local population called the <a href="/wiki/Oltremarini" title="Oltremarini">Oltremarini</a> (overseas troops) <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> King <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Carlos I</a> assigned the naval infantry of the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Navy Marines">Compañías Viejas del Mar de Nápoles</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a> Sea Old Companies) to the Escuadras de Galeras del Mediterráneo (<a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a> Squadrons) in 1537, progenitors of the current <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Navy Marines">Spanish Navy Marines</a> (Infantería de Marina) corps, making them the oldest marine corps still in active service in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_translations">Etymology and translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology and translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_landing_at_Tripoli3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Italian_landing_at_Tripoli3.jpg/220px-Italian_landing_at_Tripoli3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Italian_landing_at_Tripoli3.jpg/330px-Italian_landing_at_Tripoli3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Italian_landing_at_Tripoli3.jpg/440px-Italian_landing_at_Tripoli3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1046" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1st_San_Marco_Regiment" title="1st San Marco Regiment">Italian marines</a> on the Libyan coast in 1911 during the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The English noun <i>marine</i> is from the adjective <i>marine</i>, meaning "of the sea", via <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">marin</i></span> ("of the sea") from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">marinus</i></span> ("of the sea") itself from mare ("sea"), from Proto-Indo-European <i>*móri</i> ("body of water, lake") (cognate with Old English <i>mere</i> ("sea, lake"), Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">meer</i></span>, German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meer</i></span>, all from Proto-Germanic <i>*mari</i>). </p><p>The word <i>marine</i> was originally used for the marine-type forces of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>; however, the word <i>marine</i> or <i>marina</i> means "navy" in many European languages, including Dutch, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Danish, and Norwegian. Because of this, exact one-word translations for the English term "marines" do not exist in many other languages (with the notable exception of the Dutch word <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">marinier</i></span>). This can lead to misunderstandings when translating. Marine forces in non-English speaking countries typically have names that translate in English to <i>naval infantry</i> or <i>coastal infantry</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">French-speaking countries</a>, two phrases exist which could be translated as marine, "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">troupes de marine</a></i></span>" and "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Fusiliers-marins" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusiliers-marins">fusiliers-marins</a></i></span>"; similar phrases exist elsewhere, e.g., in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Fuzileiros Navais</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphibious_assault,_RIMPAC_2014_140729-N-QG393-070.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Amphibious_assault%2C_RIMPAC_2014_140729-N-QG393-070.jpg/220px-Amphibious_assault%2C_RIMPAC_2014_140729-N-QG393-070.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Amphibious_assault%2C_RIMPAC_2014_140729-N-QG393-070.jpg/330px-Amphibious_assault%2C_RIMPAC_2014_140729-N-QG393-070.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Amphibious_assault%2C_RIMPAC_2014_140729-N-QG393-070.jpg/440px-Amphibious_assault%2C_RIMPAC_2014_140729-N-QG393-070.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Marines in an amphibious beach assault exercise during <a href="/wiki/RIMPAC" title="RIMPAC">RIMPAC</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The principal role of marine troops is military operations in the <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral zone</a>; operating from ships they are trained to land on and secure key points to around 85 km (or 50 miles) inland, or as far as ship borne logistics can provide.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Marine units primarily deploy from warships using <a href="/wiki/Boat" title="Boat">boats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">landing craft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">amphibious vehicles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a>. Specialist units are also trained in <a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">combat diving/combat swimming</a> and parachuting. </p><p>As well as amphibious operations, marine troops are used in a variety of other, naval roles. Stationed at naval bases or forming marine detachments on board naval ships, they also conduct small scale raiding, <a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">maritime boarding operations</a>, security of naval vessels and bases, <a href="/wiki/Riverine" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverine">riverine</a> and coastal missions, mess duty, and field day operations. </p><p>In addition to their primary roles, they perform other tasks, including special operations and <a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">land warfare</a>, separate from naval operations; ceremonial duties and other miscellaneous tasks as directed by their governments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_marines_and_similar_forces" title="List of marines and similar forces">List of marines and similar forces</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algeria">Algeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Algeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Marine_Fusilier_Regiments" title="Marine Fusilier Regiments">Marine Fusilier Regiments</a> are the marine infantry regiments of the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_National_Navy" title="Algerian National Navy">Algerian Navy</a> and they are specialised in <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious warfare</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The RFM have about 7000 soldiers in their ranks. Established in 1985. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine Marine Corps">Argentine Marine Corps</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Infantería de Marina de la Armada de la República Argentina</i></span> or IMARA) is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Argentine Navy</a>. Argentine marines have the same rank insignia and titles as the rest of the navy, although enlisted personnel have their own parade uniform. The Argentine Marine Corps dates from 1827 when a single infantry battalion was raised. This was expanded in 1880, but seven years later, the corps was merged with the existing coast artillery, to form a Naval Artillery Regiment. A series of reorganizations followed until responsibility for coastal defense was passed to the Argentine Army in 1898. Between 1935 and 1938 the marines reappeared in the form of five battalions of Marine Infantry, serving both on board ship and in coastal defense fortifications. In 1968, the Infantería de Marina was reorganized as a separate corps within the Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The marine and naval infantry designations are not applied to <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> units, although some <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a> units specialise in amphibious warfare, including <a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment</a> which has provided an amphibious light infantry role from 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahamas">Bahamas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bahamas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Defence_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Defence Force">Royal Bahamas Defence Force</a> (RBDF) is the navy of The Bahamas. Since the Bahamas does not have an army or an air force, its navy composes the entirety of its armed forces. The RBDF Commando Squadron is a sizable force of 500 Special Marine Commandos.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Special warfare Driving and Salvage (<a href="/wiki/SWADS" class="mw-redirect" title="SWADS">SWADS</a>) is special operations force of the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Navy" title="Bangladesh Navy">Bangladesh Navy</a>. SWADS is trained for the role of naval infantry and it consists of elite soldiers specially chosen form the national armed forces branches. They receive special training in the United States. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infanter%C3%ADa_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_lanchas_inflables.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Infanter%C3%ADa_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_lanchas_inflables.jpg/220px-Infanter%C3%ADa_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_lanchas_inflables.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Infanter%C3%ADa_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_lanchas_inflables.jpg/330px-Infanter%C3%ADa_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_lanchas_inflables.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Infanter%C3%ADa_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_lanchas_inflables.jpg/440px-Infanter%C3%ADa_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_lanchas_inflables.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Scuba-equipped Bolivian marines aboard an inflatable boat</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bolivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even though Bolivia is landlocked, Bolivian politics have always aspired to regain its coastline from <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, after losing access to the Pacific coast in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">1879-1880 war with Chile</a>. Because of that, Bolivia still maintains a naval force. The <a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Naval_Force#Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivian Naval Force">Bolivian Naval Force</a> includes about 2,000 naval infantry personnel and marines. These are organized into seven small battalions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_elite_Brazilian_Unit_during_Joint_training_DVIDS280895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_elite_Brazilian_Unit_during_Joint_training_DVIDS280895.jpg/220px-Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_elite_Brazilian_Unit_during_Joint_training_DVIDS280895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_elite_Brazilian_Unit_during_Joint_training_DVIDS280895.jpg/330px-Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_elite_Brazilian_Unit_during_Joint_training_DVIDS280895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_elite_Brazilian_Unit_during_Joint_training_DVIDS280895.jpg/440px-Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_elite_Brazilian_Unit_during_Joint_training_DVIDS280895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Brazilian marines</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Marine_Corps" title="Brazilian Marine Corps">Corps of Naval Fusiliers</a> (<span title="Brazilian Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt-BR">Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais</i></span>) is subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a>. The marine corps is composed of an operational brigade and some guard and ceremonial duty battalions. The main unit is the brigade-sized <span title="Brazilian Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt-BR">Divisão Anfíbia</i></span> (Amphibious Division). Officers´ ranks and titles are the same as for the rest of the Navy, although officers wear a star above the stripes, instead of the loop worn by surface officers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cambodia">Cambodia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cambodia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1970-75 <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Marine_Corps" title="Cambodian Marine Corps">Cambodian Marine Corps</a> were active but were effectively disbanded by the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Navy" title="Royal Cambodian Navy">Royal Cambodian Navy</a> created a force of 2,000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Cambodian_Marines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Cambodian Marines (page does not exist)">marines</a> in 2007 known as the 31st Naval Infantry Brigade<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canada had a history of participating in amphibious operations such as the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a>. Even though Canada does not have a marine corps, it has units that can carry out Marines-type operations, such as an amphibious-operations trained company of the 3rd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_22nd_Regiment" title="Royal 22nd Regiment">Royal 22nd Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_2" title="Joint Task Force 2">JTF2</a> that specializes in <a href="/wiki/Combat_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat diving">combat diving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_reconnaissance" title="Amphibious reconnaissance">amphibious reconnaissance</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy#Naval_Tactical_Operations_Group" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Naval Tactical Operations Group</a> that specializes in <a href="/wiki/Interdiction" title="Interdiction">maritime interdiction</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Security_Team" title="Naval Security Team">Naval Security Team</a> that can provide <a href="/wiki/Force_protection" title="Force protection">force protection</a> for amphibious forces.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several authors have written a number of articles in various Canadian professional military journals since 2019 proposing/discussing the creation of a Canadian Arctic amphibious capability, including the adaption of one to three Canadian Army infantry battalions to provide the required landing forces.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilean_SF.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chilean_SF.JPEG/170px-Chilean_SF.JPEG" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chilean_SF.JPEG/255px-Chilean_SF.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chilean_SF.JPEG/340px-Chilean_SF.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> special forces</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Marine_Corps" title="Chilean Marine Corps">Chilean Marine Corps</a> is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a>. Specialized in amphibious assaults, the corps is built around four detachments based along Chile's long coasts at Viña del Mar, Talcahuano, Punta Arenas, and Iquique. There are also a number of independent companies and platoons, for security protection at naval bases, other shore installations and the Ministry of Defense. The Viña del Mar and Talcahuano detachments contribute to the Amphibious Expeditionary Brigade (Brigada Anfibia Expedicionaria). There is as a group of Marine Infantry commandos (Grupo de Comandos IM), which together with the group of naval tactical divers (Agrupación de Buzos Tácticos) are part of the Navy's Special Operations Command (Comando de Operaciones Especiales). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Multinational_VBSS_Exercise_at_RIMPAC_160714-N-MV764-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Multinational_VBSS_Exercise_at_RIMPAC_160714-N-MV764-001.jpg/220px-Multinational_VBSS_Exercise_at_RIMPAC_160714-N-MV764-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Multinational_VBSS_Exercise_at_RIMPAC_160714-N-MV764-001.jpg/330px-Multinational_VBSS_Exercise_at_RIMPAC_160714-N-MV764-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Multinational_VBSS_Exercise_at_RIMPAC_160714-N-MV764-001.jpg/440px-Multinational_VBSS_Exercise_at_RIMPAC_160714-N-MV764-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1811" /></a><figcaption>PLAN marines during <a href="/wiki/RIMPAC" title="RIMPAC">RIMPAC</a> 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy_Marine_Corps" title="People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps">People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps</a> (PLANMC) is a service branch of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">PRC navy</a> and is therefore under the command of the PLAN Headquarters. The PLANMC are divided into six brigades. The majority of the PLANMC's personnel is based in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombia">Colombia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Marine Corps">Colombian Marine Corps</a> is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Colombian Navy</a>. The modern marine corps dates from the establishment of two rifle companies in 1936. While remaining a small force, the corps saw service during the civil war between Conservatives and Liberals of 1946–58 and provided volunteers for service in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. By the 1960s it had been expanded to a battalion of marine infantry plus five independent companies.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Navy" title="Croatian Navy">Croatian Navy</a> formed naval infantry companies during the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–5), esp. on islands (<a href="/wiki/Hvar" title="Hvar">Hvar</a>: Zvir Company, <a href="/wiki/Kor%C4%8Dula" title="Korčula">Korčula</a>: Mixed Detachment etc.) and one in <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a> (Vanga Company, saw action in relieving <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">Siege of Dubrovnik</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Maslenica" title="Operation Maslenica">Operation Maslenica</a>). As they were all dissolved during 2000s, a new naval infantry company, ~160-strong (<span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Satnija mornaričko-desantnog pješaštva</i></span>) was formed again in 2018 as a part of the Navy Flotilla and is located in <a href="/wiki/Plo%C4%8De" title="Ploče">Ploče</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Navy">Cuban Revolutionary Navy</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marina de Guerra Revolucionaria</i></span> or MGR) maintains a small marine battalion called the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Navy#Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Navy">Desembarco de Granma</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Guard_Hussar_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Guard Hussar Regiment">Guard Hussar Regiment</a> (<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Gardehusarregimentet</i></span> or GHR) maintains a marine squadron (only by name) which is the <b>Marine Squadron</b> or <b>4th Training Squadron</b> based in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almeg%C3%A5rds_Kaserne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almegårds Kaserne (page does not exist)">Almegårds Kaserne</a> on the Baltic island <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>. The squadron is a part of the 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion and trains <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Denmark" title="Conscription in Denmark">conscripts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecuador">Ecuador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ecuador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Navy" title="Ecuadorian Navy">Ecuadorian Navy</a> maintains a <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Navy#Marines" title="Ecuadorian Navy">Naval Infantry Corps</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina</i></span>) headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a>. Formed on 12 November 1962, it is organised into two security battalions, one in the Amazon River area and the other on the Pacific coast. There is also a commando battalion based on the <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 111th Independent Mechanized Brigade (formerly the 130th Marine Amphibious Brigade) of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Army" title="Egyptian Army">Egyptian Army</a> can conduct amphibious assault operations. There is also the 153rd Commando Group with three Marine Commandos Battalions (515th, 616th, 818th) controlling 12 Marine Commandos Companies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_Salvador">El Salvador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: El Salvador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="El Salvador Navy">El Salvador Navy</a> included two 600-man Marine Infantry Battalions (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Batallon de Infanteria de Marina</i></span> or BIM), and a 300-man Naval Commando Force. The BIMs were located at <a href="/wiki/La_Uni%C3%B3n,_El_Salvador" title="La Unión, El Salvador">La Unión</a> and <a href="/wiki/Usulut%C3%A1n" title="Usulután">Usulután</a>. The Salvadoran Marine Corps uses green pixelated and green woodland uniforms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_coastal_jaegers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Finnish_coastal_jaegers.jpg/220px-Finnish_coastal_jaegers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Finnish_coastal_jaegers.jpg/330px-Finnish_coastal_jaegers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Finnish_coastal_jaegers.jpg/440px-Finnish_coastal_jaegers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Coastal_Jaegers" title="Finnish Coastal Jaegers">Finnish Coastal Jaegers</a> conducting an amphibious landing</figcaption></figure> <p>The Finnish <a href="/wiki/Nyland_Brigade" title="Nyland Brigade">Nyland Brigade</a> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Nylands Brigad</i></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Eken%C3%A4s_(Finland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekenäs (Finland)">Ekenäs</a> is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Coastal_Jaegers" title="Finnish Coastal Jaegers">Finnish Coastal Jaegers</a> — the <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Kustjägarna</i></span> (in Swedish) / <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Rannikkojääkärit</i></span> (in Finnish). The Brigade is part of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Navy" title="Finnish Navy">Finnish Navy</a>, and the only Swedish-speaking unit within the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_14_Juillet_2008_(2667450817).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/D%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_14_Juillet_2008_%282667450817%29.jpg/220px-D%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_14_Juillet_2008_%282667450817%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/D%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_14_Juillet_2008_%282667450817%29.jpg/330px-D%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_14_Juillet_2008_%282667450817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/D%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_14_Juillet_2008_%282667450817%29.jpg/440px-D%C3%A9fil%C3%A9_du_14_Juillet_2008_%282667450817%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>French <i>Fusiliers</i> marins during parade</figcaption></figure> <p>The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Fusiliers_Marins" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusiliers Marins">Fusiliers Marins</a></i></span> (Naval Fusiliers) and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Naval_commandos_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval commandos (France)">Commandos Marine</a></i></span> (Naval Commandos) are naval personnel. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fusiliers marins</i></span> protect vessels and installations, provide the navy with military training, augment boarding-landing parties and support operations of the Commandos Marine. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Naval_commandos_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval commandos (France)">Commandos Marine</a></i></span> (Naval Commandos) are a seven company Commando formation whose roots can be traced to the Second World War. The Commandos Marine have evolved to be broadly comparable to the British Special Boat Service, with whom they exchange officers. </p><p><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">Troupes de Marine</a></i></span> ("Marine Troops"), are a branch of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>, renamed from the <a href="/wiki/French_Colonial_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial Forces">Troupes Coloniales</a> who served in France's overseas territories to maintain or expand French interests. The modern Troupes de Marine have units permanently based in Africa, in addition they man bases in the French Overseas Territories. They now provide the ground combat elements of French amphibious task forces and are specifically trained for that purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-tdm_amphibious_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdm_amphibious-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/9th_Light_Armoured_Marine_Brigade_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade (France)">9th Marine Brigade (9<sup>e</sup> Brigade Légère Blindée de Marine (9 BLBMa))</a> is twinned with the <a href="/wiki/3_Commando_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Commando Brigade">3 Commando Brigade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9blbma_3com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9blbma_3com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> organising the exchange of officers and sharing training and exercises. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BST_GOLF_uebt_w%C3%A4hrend_des_Transit_ins_Einsatzgebiet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/BST_GOLF_uebt_w%C3%A4hrend_des_Transit_ins_Einsatzgebiet.jpg/220px-BST_GOLF_uebt_w%C3%A4hrend_des_Transit_ins_Einsatzgebiet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/BST_GOLF_uebt_w%C3%A4hrend_des_Transit_ins_Einsatzgebiet.jpg/330px-BST_GOLF_uebt_w%C3%A4hrend_des_Transit_ins_Einsatzgebiet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/BST_GOLF_uebt_w%C3%A4hrend_des_Transit_ins_Einsatzgebiet.jpg/440px-BST_GOLF_uebt_w%C3%A4hrend_des_Transit_ins_Einsatzgebiet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a> boarding team</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sea_Battalion_(Germany)" title="Sea Battalion (Germany)">Sea Battalion</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Seebataillon</i></span>) is a land formation of the <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a>. It was formed in Eckernförde on 1 April 2014, succeeding the Naval Protection Force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greek <a href="/wiki/32nd_Marines_Brigade_(Greece)" title="32nd Marines Brigade (Greece)">32nd Marine Brigade "Moravas"</a> and the Amphibious Raider Squadrons (known as MAK) of the <a href="/wiki/13th_Special_Operations_Command" title="13th Special Operations Command">13th Special Operations Command</a> are amphibious infantry and maritime operations units maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Army" title="Hellenic Army">Hellenic Army</a> and supported by the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Navy" title="Hellenic Navy">Hellenic Navy</a>. The brigade traces its origin to 1919 as the <b>32nd Infantry Regiment</b> but was only in 1967 when it was reorganised and designated as a naval infantry unit under the banner of the <b>32nd Marines Regiment</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honduras">Honduras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Honduras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Honduran_Navy" title="Honduran Navy">Honduran Navy</a> established at least one 600-man marine infantry battalion (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Batallón de Infantería de Marina</i></span> or BIM) in 1982. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MARCOS_during_a_VBSS_exercise_at_RIMPAC_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/MARCOS_during_a_VBSS_exercise_at_RIMPAC_2022.png/220px-MARCOS_during_a_VBSS_exercise_at_RIMPAC_2022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/MARCOS_during_a_VBSS_exercise_at_RIMPAC_2022.png/330px-MARCOS_during_a_VBSS_exercise_at_RIMPAC_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/MARCOS_during_a_VBSS_exercise_at_RIMPAC_2022.png/440px-MARCOS_during_a_VBSS_exercise_at_RIMPAC_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Indian MARCOS performing a simulated exercise at RIMPAC 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> has amphibious units under the Jodhpur-based corps. The <a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">Marine Commando Force</a> (MARCOS) is the special operation forces of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesian_marines_during_RIMPAC_2014_140701-M-QH615-029.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Indonesian_marines_during_RIMPAC_2014_140701-M-QH615-029.jpg/220px-Indonesian_marines_during_RIMPAC_2014_140701-M-QH615-029.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Indonesian_marines_during_RIMPAC_2014_140701-M-QH615-029.jpg/330px-Indonesian_marines_during_RIMPAC_2014_140701-M-QH615-029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Indonesian_marines_during_RIMPAC_2014_140701-M-QH615-029.jpg/440px-Indonesian_marines_during_RIMPAC_2014_140701-M-QH615-029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Indonesian marines during RIMPAC 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, the main <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious warfare</a> force and <a href="/wiki/Naval_infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval infantry">naval infantry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesian National Armed Forces</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Marine_Corps" title="Indonesian Marine Corps">Indonesian Marine Corps</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Navy" title="Indonesian Navy">Indonesian Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marine commandant reports to the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Indonesian_Navy" title="Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy">Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IRGC_naval_execise-2015_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IRGC_naval_execise-2015_%283%29.jpg/220px-IRGC_naval_execise-2015_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IRGC_naval_execise-2015_%283%29.jpg/330px-IRGC_naval_execise-2015_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IRGC_naval_execise-2015_%283%29.jpg/440px-IRGC_naval_execise-2015_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution">IRGCN</a> marine forces conducting an <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious assault</a> exercise during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Prophet_IX" title="Great Prophet IX">Great Prophet IX</a> war games.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> in 1979, the number of marines in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Navy">Islamic Republic of Iran Navy</a> (IRIN) has expanded to 2,600 personnel, in two marine brigades, each composed of three battalions. Their mission is to provide security throughout the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> and free waters, as well as securing routes for Iranian ships in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Navy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> (IRGCN) maintains several units that may perform marine-type functions. It also has a Takavar naval commando battalion, called <a href="/wiki/Sepah_Navy_Special_Force" title="Sepah Navy Special Force">Sepah Navy Special Force</a> (SNSF). They are tasked with providing security in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a>, as well as conducting anti-piracy missions to assist Iranian ships. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Navy" title="Iraqi Navy">Iraqi Navy</a> is a small force with 1,500 sailors and 800 marines designed to protect the shoreline and inland waterways from insurgent infiltration. The navy will have coastal patrol squadrons, assault boat squadrons and a marine battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Iraqi_Security_Forces_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Iraqi_Security_Forces-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The force will consist of 2,000 to 2,500 sailors by 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-WSR070321_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSR070321-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon its revival in the 1980s the <a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">Givati Brigade</a> was intended to serve as the amphibious infantry brigade of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>, but this was not put into effect. Currently the 35th <a href="/wiki/Paratroopers_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratroopers Brigade">Paratroopers Brigade</a> is the only brigade that has amphibious abilities as part of its Depth Warfare arsenal together with parachuting and air assault. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar%C3%B2_San_Marco.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Mar%C3%B2_San_Marco.png/220px-Mar%C3%B2_San_Marco.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Mar%C3%B2_San_Marco.png/330px-Mar%C3%B2_San_Marco.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Mar%C3%B2_San_Marco.png/440px-Mar%C3%B2_San_Marco.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Italian marines in training</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/San_Marco_Marine_Brigade" title="San Marco Marine Brigade">San Marco Marine Brigade</a> is the marine infantry unit of the Italian Navy (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Marina_Militare" class="mw-redirect" title="Marina Militare">Marina Militare</a></i></span>). It traces its roots back to 1550 with the formation of <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Fanti da Mar</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lagunari" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagunari">Serenissima Regiment</a> is the amphibious infantry unit of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a> (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Esercito Italiano</i></span>). Its soldiers are called <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Lagunari" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagunari">Lagunari</a></i></span> and they are the Italian Army Marines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ARDB_AAV_deployment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/ARDB_AAV_deployment.jpg/220px-ARDB_AAV_deployment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/ARDB_AAV_deployment.jpg/330px-ARDB_AAV_deployment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/ARDB_AAV_deployment.jpg/440px-ARDB_AAV_deployment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Japanese marines from the <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_Rapid_Deployment_Brigade" title="Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade">Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade</a> preparing to deploy from <a href="/wiki/USS_Ashland_(LSD-48)" title="USS Ashland (LSD-48)">USS <i>Ashland</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Japan_Ground_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Ground Self-Defense Force">Japan Ground Self-Defense Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_Rapid_Deployment_Brigade" title="Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade">Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade</a> – Japanese marines tasked with offensive amphibious assault to retake islands. The unit was first formed in 2018 and was the first unit of its kind created since the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">demilitarisation of Japan</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korea">North Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: North Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_Infantry_Training_Guidance_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light Infantry Training Guidance Bureau (page does not exist)">Light Infantry Training Guidance Bureau</a> has two or more amphibious light infantry/sniper brigades. These brigades are believed deployed to <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a> on the east coast and <a href="/wiki/Namp%27o" class="mw-redirect" title="Namp'o">Namp'o</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasa-ri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasa-ri (page does not exist)">Tasa-ri</a> on the west coast. In organization and manpower, they are reduced versions of the regular light infantry brigades with a total strength of approximately 5,000 men organized into ten battalions. Each battalion has about 400 men organized into five companies each. Some amphibious brigade personnel are trained as <a href="/wiki/Frogmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frogmen">frogmen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps" title="Republic of Korea Marine Corps">Republic of Korea Marine Corps</a> is the marine corps of <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. It was founded as a reconnaissance force just prior to the start of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. The ROKMC has seen action in several major conflicts. Though theoretically it is under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations_(South_Korea)" title="Chief of Naval Operations (South Korea)">Chief of Naval Operations</a> for all practical purposes it operates as an independent branch of the military. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Lebanon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lebanon maintains an elite but very small in number "<a href="/wiki/Marine_Commandos" title="Marine Commandos">Navy Commando</a>" regiment. Trained internationally and armed with mostly American and French made equipment and weaponry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maldives">Maldives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Maldives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:140206-M-BO337-020_(12463180003).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/140206-M-BO337-020_%2812463180003%29.jpg/220px-140206-M-BO337-020_%2812463180003%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/140206-M-BO337-020_%2812463180003%29.jpg/330px-140206-M-BO337-020_%2812463180003%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/140206-M-BO337-020_%2812463180003%29.jpg/440px-140206-M-BO337-020_%2812463180003%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5421" data-file-height="3614" /></a><figcaption>Maldivian marines</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Maldives_National_Defence_Force" title="Maldives National Defence Force">Maldives National Defence Force</a> maintains a frontline ground combat force known as the <a href="/wiki/MNDF_Marine_Corps" title="MNDF Marine Corps">MNDF Marine Corps</a>. It is divided into Marine Deployment Units (MDUs) which acts as the force projection element MNDF. The MNDF Marine Corps, as a naval unit, works closely with the coast guard of the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armada_de_M%C3%A9xico_210Miramar_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Armada_de_M%C3%A9xico_210Miramar_2010.jpg/220px-Armada_de_M%C3%A9xico_210Miramar_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Armada_de_M%C3%A9xico_210Miramar_2010.jpg/330px-Armada_de_M%C3%A9xico_210Miramar_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Armada_de_M%C3%A9xico_210Miramar_2010.jpg/440px-Armada_de_M%C3%A9xico_210Miramar_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Mexican naval infantry</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Naval_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Naval Infantry">Mexican Naval Infantry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Infantería de Marina</i></span>) of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Navy" title="Mexican Navy">Mexican Navy</a> is responsible for port security, protection of the ten-kilometer coastal fringe, and patrolling major waterways. Tracing their origins in 1821, the marines have light arms, heavy weapons and armored amphibious vehicles. The Navy ceded most of its riverine responsibilities to the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Army</a>, reducing the size of the marine force, and deploying them back aboard ships where they play a vital role in drug interdiction and boarding of suspect vessels in territorial waters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco">Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Moroccan Marines are a naval infantry force subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Navy" title="Royal Moroccan Navy">Royal Moroccan Navy</a> trained in landing missions and sabotage. The force is between 1,500 and 2,000 troops strong, organized in three battalion-strength units. Among its roles are guarding the southern coast against infiltration by <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a> guerrillas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myanmar">Myanmar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Myanmar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Navy" title="Myanmar Navy">Myanmar Navy</a> raised a naval infantry battalion of 800 men in 1964, followed by a second battalion in 1967. Two more battalions may have also been raised. They were deployed mainly to the Arakan and Tenasserim areas, and to the Irrawaddy delta, to assist in counter-insurgency operations, but also performed other security duties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namibia">Namibia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Namibia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Marine_Corps" title="Namibian Marine Corps">Namibian Marine Corps</a> is a battalion-sized infantry unit of the <a href="/wiki/Namibian_Navy" title="Namibian Navy">Namibian Navy</a> under the command of a naval captain. Its officers and men are part of the navy and use naval ranks, though insignia is adopted from the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Marine_Corps" title="Brazilian Marine Corps">Brazilian Marine Corps</a>. The corps is primarily made up of a Rapid Reaction Unit, an Operation Dive team, an operational boat team, and a <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Operations">Special Operations</a> <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">Commando</a> Unit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Marine_Corps" title="Netherlands Marine Corps">Netherlands Marine Corps</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Korps Mariniers</i></span>) is naval infantry unit of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Netherlands Navy</a>, founded in 1665 as an infantry branch of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_States_Navy" title="Dutch States Navy">Dutch States Navy</a>. They saw their first amphibious action in 1667 during the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Medway" title="Raid on the Medway">raid on the Medway</a>. The unit's motto is Qua Patet Orbis ("As Far as the World Extends"). Today, it is a brigade approximately 2300 marines strong, consisting of two marine infantry battalions (plus one infantry company which is stationed in <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>), one amphibious combat support battalion and one logistical battalion. Dutch Marines train in all possible geographical and climate conditions for their role. Enlisted marine recruit training lasts 33 weeks, and marine officers train up to 18 months (including naval academy time). It has its own Special Forces branch known as <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Maritime_Special_Operations_Forces" title="Netherlands Maritime Special Operations Forces">Netherlands Maritime Special Operations Forces</a> (NLMARSOF). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Coastal Ranger Command (<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Kystjegerkommandoen" title="Kystjegerkommandoen">Kystjegerkommandoen</a></i></span> or KJK) of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Navy">Norwegian Navy</a> is an amphibious infantry unit trained to operate in littoral combat theatres, as naval infantry and coastal artillery. There is also an SBS type naval commando unit, the <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Marinejegerkommandoen" title="Marinejegerkommandoen">Marinejegerkommandoen</a></i></span> or MJK. However, with the KJK being a much younger unit than the MJK, the MJK is not under the KJK but rather than the Norwegian Special Operations Command (NORSOCOM) & <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Navy" title="Royal Norwegian Navy">Royal Norwegian Navy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bright_Star_2009_DVIDS212877_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bright_Star_2009_DVIDS212877_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Bright_Star_2009_DVIDS212877_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bright_Star_2009_DVIDS212877_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Bright_Star_2009_DVIDS212877_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bright_Star_2009_DVIDS212877_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Bright_Star_2009_DVIDS212877_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Pakistani marines</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Pakistan Marines</a> division of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a> was re-established on April 14, 1990, with about 3,600 men. The marines are based at <a href="/wiki/PNS_Qasim" title="PNS Qasim">PNS Qasim</a> naval base. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paraguay">Paraguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Paraguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraguayan_Marine_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraguayan Marine Corps (page does not exist)">Paraguayan Marine Corps</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Cuerpo de Fusileros Navales</i></span>) is a battalion-sized organization consisting of four company-sized brigades. In limited cadre form, the marine corps dates from the late 19th century, although it only achieved significant existence when the three-battalion sized <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Regimiento de Infanteria de Marina Riachuelo</i></span> was created in the final stages of the <a href="/wiki/Chaco_War" title="Chaco War">Chaco War</a> of 1932–1935.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Naval_Infantry" title="Peruvian Naval Infantry">Peruvian Naval Infantry</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Infantería de Marina del Perú</i></span>) consists of around 3,000 naval infantrymen and includes an amphibious brigade of three battalions and local security units with two transport ships, four tank landing ships, and about forty <a href="/wiki/Bravia_Chaimite" title="Bravia Chaimite">Chaimite</a> armored personnel carriers. They have seen action in Peru's <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" title="Internal conflict in Peru">civil war</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Shining Path</a>. </p><p>Since 1982, IMAP detachments have been deployed, under army command, in counter-insurgency operations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KAMANDAG_2017_-_Image_3_of_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/KAMANDAG_2017_-_Image_3_of_6.jpg/220px-KAMANDAG_2017_-_Image_3_of_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/KAMANDAG_2017_-_Image_3_of_6.jpg/330px-KAMANDAG_2017_-_Image_3_of_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/KAMANDAG_2017_-_Image_3_of_6.jpg/440px-KAMANDAG_2017_-_Image_3_of_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Philippine marines during an assault training exercise</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Philippine Marine Corps</a> (<b>PMC</b>) (<span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">Hukbong Kawal Pandagat ng Pilipinas</i></span>) is the marine corps of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. It is a naval infantry force under the command of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Philippine Navy</a>. PMC primarily conducts amphibious and expeditionary warfare, as well as special operation missions. It has a strength of about 9,500 men organized into three maneuver brigades, a Combat Service and Support Brigade (CSSB), and independent units such as the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Special_Operations_Group" title="Marine Special Operations Group">Marine Special Operations Group</a> (MARSOG) and the Marine Security and Escort Group (MSEG). Formed on November 7, 1950, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Philippine Marine Corps</a> is considered the first and foremost unit to be involved in any amphibious or seaborne clashes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Navy" title="Polish Navy">Polish Navy</a> maintains several naval infantry units responsible for port and coastal security. The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Army">Polish Army</a> maintains the <a href="/wiki/7th_Coastal_Defense_Brigade" title="7th Coastal Defense Brigade">7th Coastal Defense Brigade</a>, which bears traditions of the disbanded <a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Coastal_Defence_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Coastal Defence Division (page does not exist)">7th Coastal Defence Division</a> (the Blue Berets), therefore it is sometimes referred to as the Marines of Poland. As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there are no plans by the Polish Army to create an active marine unit. Therefore, the 7th Brigade carries out only limited-scale exercises of amphibious assaults. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fusilliers_marins_Portugais.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fusilliers_marins_Portugais.jpg/220px-Fusilliers_marins_Portugais.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fusilliers_marins_Portugais.jpg/330px-Fusilliers_marins_Portugais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fusilliers_marins_Portugais.jpg/440px-Fusilliers_marins_Portugais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2725" data-file-height="1962" /></a><figcaption>The Portuguese <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Corpo de Fuzileiros</i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The third-oldest marine corps in the world was founded as the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Terço of the Navy of the Crown of Portugal</i></span> in 1618. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a> still maintains this Elite Naval Infantry, which is currently known as the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Marine_Corps" title="Portuguese Marine Corps">Corpo de Fuzileiros</a></i></span>. The Corpo de Fuzileiros, meaning literally "Corps of Fusiliers”, is the Elite Infantry and Special Forces unit of the Portuguese Navy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 307th Marine Infantry Regiment (<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Regimentul 307 Infanterie Marină</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a>/<a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> unit of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Naval_Forces" title="Romanian Naval Forces">Romanian Naval Forces</a>, subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Danube_Flotilla" title="Romanian Danube Flotilla">Romanian Danube Flotilla</a> since 2015. It is located in <a href="/wiki/Babadag" title="Babadag">Babadag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulcea_County" title="Tulcea County">Tulcea County</a>, and was formed on 29 November 1971 as the 307th Marine Infantry Battalion for the defence of the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a> and Romanian <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> shore.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%9C%D0%A4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%9C%D0%A4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%285%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%9C%D0%A4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%285%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%9C%D0%A4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%285%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>An armed Russian marine aboard a warship in the Mediterranean Sea</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Naval_Infantry_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Infantry (Russia)">Russian Naval Infantry</a> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Морская пехота</span></span>) are the amphibious forces of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">Russian Armed Forces</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> also has the <a href="/wiki/Russian_commando_frogmen" title="Russian commando frogmen">Russian commando frogmen</a>, an elite unit for underwater reconnaissance and special operations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Navy" title="Royal Saudi Navy">Royal Saudi Navy</a> maintains two, 1,500-man marine brigades consisting of three battalions each. The brigades are assigned to the Western Fleet headquartered in Jeddah and the Eastern Fleet headquartered in Jubail. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_soldiers_aboard_an_Indian_Navy_ship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/South_African_soldiers_aboard_an_Indian_Navy_ship.jpg/220px-South_African_soldiers_aboard_an_Indian_Navy_ship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/South_African_soldiers_aboard_an_Indian_Navy_ship.jpg/330px-South_African_soldiers_aboard_an_Indian_Navy_ship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/South_African_soldiers_aboard_an_Indian_Navy_ship.jpg/440px-South_African_soldiers_aboard_an_Indian_Navy_ship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1477" /></a><figcaption>South African marines boarding an Indian warship as part of an exercise</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has not had a dedicated marine branch of its military since the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> era. A close analogue would be the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Navy" title="South African Navy">South African Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Reaction_Squadron" title="Maritime Reaction Squadron">Maritime Reaction Squadron</a>, a marine-type unit of four companies. Members are marines and use naval ranks. They are trained in infantry combat up to company sized operations. They are also used for crowd control and conduct peacekeeping operations. During peacekeeping operations they are meant to augment an army infantry battalion. Their role is very similar to the now disbanded <a href="/wiki/South_African_Marine_Corps" title="South African Marine Corps">South African Marine Corps</a> from the apartheid era. The <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4_Special_Forces_Regiment_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4 Special Forces Regiment (South Africa) (page does not exist)">4 Special Forces Regiment</a></span> of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Special_Forces" title="South African Special Forces">South African Special Forces</a> provides South Africa its seaward Special Forces capability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Marines_040505-N-7586B-236.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spanish_Marines_040505-N-7586B-236.jpg/220px-Spanish_Marines_040505-N-7586B-236.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spanish_Marines_040505-N-7586B-236.jpg/330px-Spanish_Marines_040505-N-7586B-236.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spanish_Marines_040505-N-7586B-236.jpg/440px-Spanish_Marines_040505-N-7586B-236.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Navy Marines">Spanish Navy marines</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Navy Marines">Spanish Navy Marines</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Infantería de Marina</i></span>) are the oldest existing marine force in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as they were established on February 27, 1537, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> when he permanently assigned the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Compañías Viejas del Mar de Nápoles</i></span> (Naples Sea Old Companies) to the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Escuadras de Galeras del Mediterráneo</i></span> (Mediterranean Galley Squadrons). Their red trouser stripes mark the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Infanteria de Marina</i></span> as part of the Royal Household Corps and were given by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a> to the marines in reward for their fierce defence of the <a href="/wiki/Morro_Castle_(Havana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morro Castle (Havana)">Castillo del Morro</a> of <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, in 1762.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Lanka_Navy_Marines_CATVs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sri_Lanka_Navy_Marines_CATVs.jpg/220px-Sri_Lanka_Navy_Marines_CATVs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sri_Lanka_Navy_Marines_CATVs.jpg/330px-Sri_Lanka_Navy_Marines_CATVs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sri_Lanka_Navy_Marines_CATVs.jpg/440px-Sri_Lanka_Navy_Marines_CATVs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Sri Lankan marines with their <a href="/wiki/Ideal_Motors_CATV" title="Ideal Motors CATV">Ideal Motors CATV</a> vehicles</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Navy" title="Sri Lanka Navy">Sri Lanka Navy</a> established its <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Marine_Corps" title="Sri Lanka Marine Corps">Sri Lanka Marine Corps</a> in November 2016, and the first group of members were assisted in training by the <a href="/wiki/11th_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit" title="11th Marine Expeditionary Unit">11th Marine Expeditionary Unit</a> of the United States Marine Corps. The unit became functional after the first group of members consisting of 6 officers and 158 sailors graduated from training on 27 February 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Amphibious_Corps" title="Swedish Amphibious Corps">Swedish Amphibious Corps</a> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Svenska amfibiekåren</i></span>) is an arm of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Navy" title="Swedish Navy">Swedish Navy</a>. The corps consists of two regiments each comprising one amphibious battalion, tasked with reconnaissance, amphibious assaults, and combat on, over, and under the surface of the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syria">Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Marines" title="Syrian Marines">Fouj Al-Mughawayr Al-Bahir</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فوج المغاوير البحر</span></span> meaning "Marines Regiment") is a unit based in <a href="/wiki/Latakia_Governorate" title="Latakia Governorate">Latakia Governorate</a>. It has participated in operations in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_TAIWAN_Tsai_Ing-wen_reviews_a_Marine_Corps_battalion_in_Kaohsiung_in_July_2020_%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%B1%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%85%E6%AD%A5%E4%BA%8C%E7%87%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/President_of_TAIWAN_Tsai_Ing-wen_reviews_a_Marine_Corps_battalion_in_Kaohsiung_in_July_2020_%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%B1%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%85%E6%AD%A5%E4%BA%8C%E7%87%9F.jpg/220px-President_of_TAIWAN_Tsai_Ing-wen_reviews_a_Marine_Corps_battalion_in_Kaohsiung_in_July_2020_%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%B1%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%85%E6%AD%A5%E4%BA%8C%E7%87%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/President_of_TAIWAN_Tsai_Ing-wen_reviews_a_Marine_Corps_battalion_in_Kaohsiung_in_July_2020_%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%B1%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%85%E6%AD%A5%E4%BA%8C%E7%87%9F.jpg/330px-President_of_TAIWAN_Tsai_Ing-wen_reviews_a_Marine_Corps_battalion_in_Kaohsiung_in_July_2020_%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%B1%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%85%E6%AD%A5%E4%BA%8C%E7%87%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/President_of_TAIWAN_Tsai_Ing-wen_reviews_a_Marine_Corps_battalion_in_Kaohsiung_in_July_2020_%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%B1%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%85%E6%AD%A5%E4%BA%8C%E7%87%9F.jpg/440px-President_of_TAIWAN_Tsai_Ing-wen_reviews_a_Marine_Corps_battalion_in_Kaohsiung_in_July_2020_%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%B1%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%85%E6%AD%A5%E4%BA%8C%E7%87%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>President of Taiwan <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> reviewing a marine battalion</figcaption></figure> <p>Officially the <i>Republic of China</i> but referred to colloquially as <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></i>, the state's military has a naval infantry force known by the English name the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Marine_Corps" title="Republic of China Marine Corps">Republic of China Marine Corps</a> which was established in 1914 in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">mainland China</a> following the <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a> and is the amphibious branch of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Navy" title="Republic of China Navy">Republic of China Navy</a>. It fled with the other <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">ROC forces</a> to Formosa following the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>'s defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. They are responsible for amphibious combat, counter-landing, reinforcement of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and surrounding islands (such as <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuchiu,_Kinmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchiu, Kinmen">Wuchiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pratas_Island" title="Pratas Island">Pratas Island</a>, etc.), and defense of Naval facilities. It also functions as a rapid reaction force (special service company) and a strategic reserve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC-110518-N-VA590-119.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/USMC-110518-N-VA590-119.jpg/220px-USMC-110518-N-VA590-119.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/USMC-110518-N-VA590-119.jpg/330px-USMC-110518-N-VA590-119.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/USMC-110518-N-VA590-119.jpg/440px-USMC-110518-N-VA590-119.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Royal Thai Marines during an amphibious assault as part of CARAT 2011</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Marine_Corps" title="Royal Thai Marine Corps">Royal Thai Marine Corps</a> (RTMC) is the <a href="/wiki/Naval_infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval infantry">naval infantry</a> subbranch of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy" title="Royal Thai Navy">Royal Thai Navy</a>. The Royal Thai Marine Corps was founded in 1932, when the first battalion was formed with the assistance of the United States Marine Corps. It was expanded to a regiment in 1940 and was in action against communist guerrillas throughout the 1950s and 1960s. During the 1960s, the United States Marine Corps assisted in its expansion into a brigade. The Royal Thai Marine Corps saw action on the Malaysian border in the 1970s and has now been increased to four brigades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tonga">Tonga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Tonga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Tongan Marines is a sub-unit of the <a href="/wiki/Tongan_Maritime_Force" title="Tongan Maritime Force">Tongan Maritime Force</a>, which itself is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Tonga_Defence_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonga Defence Services">Tonga Defence Services</a>. It is a single battalion-sized group composed of a Headquarters Company and three Light Infantry Companies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_boarding_teams_practice_tactical_movements_aboard_the_frigate_TCG_Gokceada_(F-494),_exercise_Phoenix_Express_2017,_Cartagena,_Spain,_May_11,_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Turkish_boarding_teams_practice_tactical_movements_aboard_the_frigate_TCG_Gokceada_%28F-494%29%2C_exercise_Phoenix_Express_2017%2C_Cartagena%2C_Spain%2C_May_11%2C_2017.jpg/220px-Turkish_boarding_teams_practice_tactical_movements_aboard_the_frigate_TCG_Gokceada_%28F-494%29%2C_exercise_Phoenix_Express_2017%2C_Cartagena%2C_Spain%2C_May_11%2C_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Turkish_boarding_teams_practice_tactical_movements_aboard_the_frigate_TCG_Gokceada_%28F-494%29%2C_exercise_Phoenix_Express_2017%2C_Cartagena%2C_Spain%2C_May_11%2C_2017.jpg/330px-Turkish_boarding_teams_practice_tactical_movements_aboard_the_frigate_TCG_Gokceada_%28F-494%29%2C_exercise_Phoenix_Express_2017%2C_Cartagena%2C_Spain%2C_May_11%2C_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Turkish_boarding_teams_practice_tactical_movements_aboard_the_frigate_TCG_Gokceada_%28F-494%29%2C_exercise_Phoenix_Express_2017%2C_Cartagena%2C_Spain%2C_May_11%2C_2017.jpg/440px-Turkish_boarding_teams_practice_tactical_movements_aboard_the_frigate_TCG_Gokceada_%28F-494%29%2C_exercise_Phoenix_Express_2017%2C_Cartagena%2C_Spain%2C_May_11%2C_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4265" data-file-height="2840" /></a><figcaption>Turkish marine boarding teams</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_Marine_Infantry_Brigade_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious Marine Infantry Brigade Command">Amphibious Marine Infantry Brigade Command</a> is the marine force of the Turkish Naval Forces and consists of 4,500 men based in Foça near İzmir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_(28356297646).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%2828356297646%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%2828356297646%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%2828356297646%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Marines">Ukrainian naval infantry</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Marine_Corps" title="Ukrainian Marine Corps">Ukrainian Marine Corps</a> was founded in 1993 from a unit of the former Soviet Naval Infantry. It served as a coastal defense force of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Navy" title="Ukrainian Navy">Ukrainian Navy</a> until 23 May 2023 when it was elevated into a service branch of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a>. The branch is based in <a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg/220px-Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg/330px-Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg/440px-Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Boarding procedures demonstrated by the British Royal Marines</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> (RM) were formed in 1664 and are part of <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Naval Service">HM Naval Service</a>. They include an amphibious brigade (which includes commando-trained units and individual personnel from the British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force), a naval security unit responsible for guarding the UK's naval nuclear weapons and other security duties, a landing craft and boat-training group which is also a parent unit for three landing craft units deployed on amphibious warfare ships; and a naval musical branch. The RM has close international ties with allied marine forces, particularly the United States Marine Corps and the Netherlands Marine Corps/Korps Mariniers. "Marine" is also used as a rank in the Royal Marines, being equivalent to an army <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">private</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Reserve" title="Royal Marines Reserve">Royal Marines Reserve</a> (RMR) is the volunteer reserve force used to augment the regular Royal Marines in times of war or national crisis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_U.S._Marines_conduct_a_visit,_board,_search_and_seizure_exercise_with_the_Royal_Thai_Navy_aboard_a_Thai_fishing_vessel..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_U.S._Marines_conduct_a_visit%2C_board%2C_search_and_seizure_exercise_with_the_Royal_Thai_Navy_aboard_a_Thai_fishing_vessel..jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_U.S._Marines_conduct_a_visit%2C_board%2C_search_and_seizure_exercise_with_the_Royal_Thai_Navy_aboard_a_Thai_fishing_vessel..jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_U.S._Marines_conduct_a_visit%2C_board%2C_search_and_seizure_exercise_with_the_Royal_Thai_Navy_aboard_a_Thai_fishing_vessel..jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Marines Fleet Anti-terrorism Security Team conducting an exercise aboard a fishing vessel</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> (USMC) is currently the only marine <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined-arms</a> force in the world. Created in 1775, it was originally intended only to guard naval vessels during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The USMC is a component part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">US Department of the Navy</a> in the military command structure, with its own representative on the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>. The corps’ major functions include the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and land operations essential to a naval campaign, providing detachments and organizations for service on armed vessels of the Navy and security detachments for the protection of naval property at naval stations and bases, and such other duties since the president may direct and develop those phases of amphibious operations that pertain to the tactics, technique, and equipment used by landing forces.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also has other missions, including providing personnel as security guards at US diplomatic missions, and providing helicopter transportation for the President of the United States aboard <a href="/wiki/Marine_One" title="Marine One">Marine One</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">United States Marine Corps Reserve</a> (USMCR) is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruguayan_Marine_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uruguayan Marine Corps (page does not exist)">Uruguayan Marine Corps</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Cuerpo de Fusileros Navales</i></span> or FUSNA) is a battalion-sized organization. However, given its small size, it is not a separate corps within the Navy, but regular naval officers are posted to the Marines as to any other Navy unit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Marine_Corps" title="Venezuelan Marine Corps">Venezuelan Marine Corps</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Infantería de Marina</i></span>) is a subdivision of the <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Armada_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Armada of Venezuela">Venezuelan Navy</a>. Headquartered in Meseta de Mamo, Vargas, the estimated numerical strength of this unit is approximately 8,000 men and women. Its mission is to "enlist and direct its units in order to form the disembarking force and/or support of amphibious or special operations; executing naval safeguarding and environmental policing, as well as actively participating in the national development". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Vietnam People's Navy</a> maintains a <a href="/wiki/Naval_Infantry_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Infantry (Vietnam)">naval infantry</a> force (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Hải quân Đánh bộ</i>; 海軍打步). It traces its roots during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> following the model of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam_Special_Forces" title="People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces">Đặc công sappers</a> but with <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious capabilities</a>. It first saw action as an official naval infantry force during the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a> when it ousted the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> from power. It once stood at eleven brigades each of several battalions. Currently the Vietnam People's Navy maintains two naval infantry brigades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_marine_forces">Historical marine forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Historical marine forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Ancient Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancient Greek states did not possess specialized marine infantry; instead, they used <a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">hoplites</a> and archers as an onboard contingent (<span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el">epibatai</i></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Rome">Ancient Rome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Ancient Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Navy">Roman Navy</a> used regular infantry as marines. Naval personnel were trained for raiding and also provided the troops for at least two <a href="/wiki/Roman_Legion" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Legion">legions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Adiutrix" title="Legio I Adiutrix">I <i>Adiutrix</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Legio_II_Adiutrix" title="Legio II Adiutrix">II <i>Adiutrix</i></a>) for service on land. The various provincial fleets were usually provided with marines from the adjacent legions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_2">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several of the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_navies_of_Australia" title="Colonial navies of Australia">Colonial navies of Australia</a> raised volunteer naval infantry and naval militia brigades in the second half of the 19th century. Following the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation of Australia</a> they were combined into the Commonwealth Naval Militia. With the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> in 1911 they were renamed the Royal Australian Naval Brigade. At its peak in 1915 it numbered 2,817 officers and men. The Naval Brigade was disbanded in 1920 and volunteers were absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Naval_Reserve" title="Royal Australian Naval Reserve">Royal Australian Naval Reserve</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austrian/Austro-Hungarian_Empire"><span id="Austrian.2FAustro-Hungarian_Empire"></span>Austrian/Austro-Hungarian Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Austrian/Austro-Hungarian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though overshadowed by its Prussian counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/Seebataillon" title="Seebataillon">Marinier-Korps</a>, as well as naval powers like the British, the French, the Spanish, and the Italians, Austria-Hungary maintained a small regiment of naval infantrymen dating back to Venetian times alongside the then Austrian Imperial Navy's “Corps of Sailors” (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Matrosencorps</i></span>). However, in 1868, as part of his naval reforms, then Commander <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Tegetthoff" title="Wilhelm von Tegetthoff">Wilhelm von Tegetthoff</a> abolished the Naval Infantry Regiment and the Naval Artillery Corps in favor of an enlarged and all-encompassing <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Matrosencorps</i></span> as by that point, no marines had served aboard a ship for 10 years, and so from that point on, sailors not serving on active warships received infantry drills and took up naval infantry duties.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For several centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_navy" title="Byzantine navy">Byzantine navy</a> used the descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Mardaites" title="Mardaites">Mardaites</a>, who were settled in southern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, as marines and rowers for its ships. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> also established a separate marine regiment, 4,000 strong, for the central Imperial Fleet based at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. These were professional troops, and were counted among the elite <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el"><a href="/wiki/Tagmata_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagmata (military)">tagmata</a></i></span>. In the 1260s, when emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a> rebuilt the navy, he recruited the <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el">Tzakones</i></span> (settlers from <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>) and the <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el"><a href="/wiki/Gasmouloi" title="Gasmouloi">Gasmouloi</a></i></span> (men of mixed Greek-<a href="/wiki/Latins_(Middle_Ages)" title="Latins (Middle Ages)">Latin</a> descent) as special marine troops. Despite the progressive decline and virtual disappearance of the navy, they remained active until the late <a href="/wiki/Palaiologan_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaiologan period">Palaiologan period</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sangkum_era_Kingdom_of_Cambodia/Khmer_Republic"><span id="Sangkum_era_Kingdom_of_Cambodia.2FKhmer_Republic"></span>Sangkum era Kingdom of Cambodia/Khmer Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Sangkum era Kingdom of Cambodia/Khmer Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Marine_Corps" title="Cambodian Marine Corps">Cambodian Marine Corps</a>, or Corps de Fusiliers-Marins Khmères (CFMK), was founded in 1960 was initially the naval infantry unit of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cambodia_(1953%E2%80%931970)" title="Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)">1st Kingdom of Cambodia</a> of 1953–1970 under the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Khmer_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Khmer Navy">Royal Khmer Navy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Khmer_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Khmer Armed Forces">Royal Khmer Armed Forces</a> (FARK). After <a href="/wiki/Lon_Nol" title="Lon Nol">Lon Nol</a>’s <a href="/wiki/1970_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1970 Cambodian coup d'état">coup of 1970</a>, FARK was reorganised to be <a href="/wiki/Khmer_National_Armed_Forces" title="Khmer National Armed Forces">Khmer National Armed Forces</a> (FANK) and the naval infantry came under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_National_Navy" title="Khmer National Navy">Khmer National Navy</a> (MNK). </p><p>The naval infantry took part in the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> but was dissolved along with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_National_Armed_Forces" title="Khmer National Armed Forces">Khmer National Armed Forces</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Republic" title="Khmer Republic">Khmer Republic</a> were defeated and capitulated to the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qing_China">Qing China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Qing China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>‘s <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_Fleet" title="Beiyang Fleet">Beiyang Fleet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chinese_Navy" title="Imperial Chinese Navy">Imperial Chinese Navy</a> maintained a small naval infantry force which at its height reached the size of 300 marines. The marines distinguished themselves visually by their red uniforms as opposed to the regular <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_Fleet" title="Beiyang Fleet">Beiyang Fleet</a>’s Navy personnels who wear their white dress uniforms for the summer & autumn, and blue dress uniform for the winter & spring. </p><p>On top of their role as Naval Infantrymen, the <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_Fleet" title="Beiyang Fleet">Beiyang Fleet</a> marines also took on the fleet's <a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">firefighting</a> & <a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">military policing</a> duties. </p><p>The marines saw action at the end of the year following the official end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a> when they attempted to retake Nanbang Fort (南幫炮台) from Japanese forces after it was attacked on Christmas Day of 1895 by an attacking force of 30,000 Japanese with 6,000 Chinese defending the fort; which subsequently fell to Japanese forces on December 29, 1895. Being greatly outnumbered and lacking heavy weapons, the marines failed to dislodge the Japanese from the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Manchukuo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a> and the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>'s rule over China followed by its puppeting by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> resulting from <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Japan's 1931-1932 invasion of Manchuria</a> as part of Japan's imperial expansion into China, the Japanese carved out the state of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> from the former territories of <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> for former Emperor of Qing China; <a href="/wiki/Puyi" title="Puyi">Puyi</a>, to rule over as a puppet Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> to Japan. </p><p>As a result of the surrender of naval assets in the region (then under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Navy" title="Republic of China Navy">Kuomintang</a>) under the command of Captain Yin Zuqian (尹祚乾) at <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a> as a result of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">the invasion</a>, the ships Captain Yin surrendered (which at the time consisted of five river <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboats</a>) eventually became the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Navy" title="Manchukuo Imperial Navy">Manchukuo Imperial Navy</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Navy" title="Manchukuo Imperial Navy">Manchukuo Imperial Navy</a> maintained a naval infantry force of 300 marines.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Navy#Manchukuo_Imperial_Navy_land_units" title="Manchukuo Imperial Navy">Manchukuo Marines</a> (滿洲國海軍陸戰隊) were modeled after the naval infantry force of the former <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_Fleet" title="Beiyang Fleet">Beiyang Fleet</a>'s Marines.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Denmark-Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Marineregimentet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marineregimentet">Marineregimentet</a></i></span> (The Marine Regiment) was the naval infantry of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dano-Norwegian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy">Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy</a>. Leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a> union in 1814, the unit moved to Rendsburg and changed its name to Bornholm Infantry Regiment in 1741 and fell under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Army" title="Royal Danish Army">Royal Danish Army</a> becoming a regular infantry unit. The Bornholm Infantry Regiment continued to exist until its disbandment in 2000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_Republic">Dutch Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Dutch Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The corps was founded on 10 December 1665 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a> by the unofficial leader of the republic, <a href="/wiki/Johan_de_Witt" title="Johan de Witt">Johan de Witt</a>, and Admiral <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</a> as the Regiment de Marine. Its leader was <a href="/wiki/Willem_Joseph_van_Ghent" title="Willem Joseph van Ghent">Willem Joseph Baron van Ghent</a>. The Dutch had successfully used ordinary soldiers in ships at sea in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>. It was the fifth European marine unit formed, being preceded by the Spanish Marines (1537), the Portuguese Marines (1610), the French Marines (1622) and the English Royal Marines (1664). Like Britain, the Netherlands has had several periods when its Marines were disbanded. The Netherlands itself was under French occupation or control from 1810 until 1813. A new marine unit was raised on 20 March 1801 during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a> and on 14 August 1806 the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Korps Koninklijke Grenadiers van de Marine</i></span> was raised under King Louis Bonaparte. The modern <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Korps Mariniers</i></span> dates from 1814, receiving its current name in 1817. </p><p>The battle honors on the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Korps Mariniers</i></span>' colors are: <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Medway" title="Raid on the Medway">Raid on the Medway</a> (1667), Kijkduin (1673), Sennefe (1674), Spain, Dogger Bank (1781), West Indies, Algiers (1816), Atjeh, Bali, Rotterdam (1940), Java Sea (1942), Java and Madoera (1947–1948), New Guinea (1962) and Cambodia (1992–1993). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estonia">Estonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Estonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et"><a href="/wiki/Meredessantpataljon" title="Meredessantpataljon">Meredessantpataljon</a></i></span>, was a short-lived infantry <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Navy" title="Estonian Navy">Estonian Navy</a>. The battalion was created in 1919 from the crews of the Estonian surface warships and was based in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>. The unit was mainly used on the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Southern Front</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a>. The unit was operational from March to June in 1919. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_2">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troupes_de_marine_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Troupes_de_marine_detail.jpg/170px-Troupes_de_marine_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Troupes_de_marine_detail.jpg/255px-Troupes_de_marine_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Troupes_de_marine_detail.jpg/340px-Troupes_de_marine_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption><i>Troupes de marine</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">Troupes de marine</a> were founded in 1622 (as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">compagnies ordinaires de la mer</i></span>) as land forces under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_the_Navy_(France)" title="Secretary of State of the Navy (France)">Secretary of State of the Navy</a>, notably for operations in <a href="/wiki/French_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canada">French Canada</a>. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Compagnies de la Mer</i></span> were transformed in <a href="/wiki/Line_infantry" title="Line infantry">line infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiments</a> by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, but became once more marine forces in 1822 (for the artillery) and 1831 (for the infantry). These <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Troupes de marines</i></span> were in the 19th century the main overseas and colonial forces of the French military. In 1900 they were put under the orders of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defence (France)">War Ministry</a> and took the name of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Troupes Coloniales</i></span> (Colonial Forces). In 1958 the designation of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Troupes Coloniales</i></span> was changed to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Troupes d'Outre-Mer</i></span> (Overseas Forces) but in 1961 it reverted to the original <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Troupes de marine</i></span>. Throughout these changes in title, these troops continued to be part of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gran_Colombia">Gran Colombia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Gran Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Federation of <a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a> Marines were formed in 1822 and were disbanded in 1829, Personnel were mostly from Venezuela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany_2">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5_13.jpg/220px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5_13.jpg/330px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5_13.jpg/440px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>German <i>Seebataillone</i> formation at Qingdao</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>: During the German Imperial era, three ‘sea battalions’ or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Seebataillon" title="Seebataillon">Seebataillone</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based at <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Tsingtao</a> were maintained. These units served intermittently as colonial intervention forces. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">III Seebataillon</i></span> at the imperial navy's east Asian station at Tsingtao was the only all-German unit with permanent status in a protectorate/colony. The battalion fought at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>: The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Marinestosstruppkompanie" title="Marinestosstruppkompanie">Marinestosstruppkompanie</a></i></span>, was a naval infantry of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Landstreitkr%C3%A4fte" class="mw-redirect" title="Landstreitkräfte">East German army</a>'s Nr29. Regiment ("Ernst Moritz Arndt") was a Motorized Rifle Regiment intended for amphibious operations in the Baltic Sea;<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksmarine" title="Volksmarine">Volksmarine</a> Kampfschwimmer</i></span>: Combat swimmer units were intended for support of amphibious operations and for raiding.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran_2">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> in 1979, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Iranian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Iranian Navy">Imperial Iranian Navy</a> had three battalions of marines.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq_2">Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The old <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Navy" title="Iraqi Navy">Iraqi Navy</a> maintained several marine companies.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Republican_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Republican Guard">Iraqi Republican Guard</a> maintained a Marine Brigade as part of its <a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_As_Saiqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th As Saiqa (page does not exist)">8th As Saiqa</a> Special Forces Division. The brigade was equipped with Brazilian-made <a href="/wiki/Engesa" title="Engesa">Engesa</a> <a href="/wiki/EE-11_Urutu" title="EE-11 Urutu">EE-11 Urutu</a> wheeled <a href="/wiki/Armored_personnel_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored personnel carriers">armored personnel carriers</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fascist_Italy">Fascist Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: Fascist Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Blackshirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackshirt">Blackshirt</a> <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> maintained an independent <i>Marine Group</i> with four MVSN battalions (24th, 25th, 50th and 60th). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Decima_Flottiglia_MAS" title="Decima Flottiglia MAS">Decima Flottiglia MAS</a> was an Italian flotilla, with commando frogman unit, of the <a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Regia Marina</a> (Italian Royal Navy). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Infantry_Division_%22San_Marco%22" title="3rd Marine Infantry Division "San Marco"">3rd Marine Infantry Division "San Marco"</a> was an Italian division raised by Mussolini's <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_Japan">Imperial Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: Imperial Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldiers_from_the_Un%27y%C5%8D_attacking_the_Yeongjong_castle_on_a_Korean_island_(woodblock_print,_1876).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Soldiers_from_the_Un%27y%C5%8D_attacking_the_Yeongjong_castle_on_a_Korean_island_%28woodblock_print%2C_1876%29.jpg/220px-Soldiers_from_the_Un%27y%C5%8D_attacking_the_Yeongjong_castle_on_a_Korean_island_%28woodblock_print%2C_1876%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Soldiers_from_the_Un%27y%C5%8D_attacking_the_Yeongjong_castle_on_a_Korean_island_%28woodblock_print%2C_1876%29.jpg/330px-Soldiers_from_the_Un%27y%C5%8D_attacking_the_Yeongjong_castle_on_a_Korean_island_%28woodblock_print%2C_1876%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Soldiers_from_the_Un%27y%C5%8D_attacking_the_Yeongjong_castle_on_a_Korean_island_%28woodblock_print%2C_1876%29.jpg/440px-Soldiers_from_the_Un%27y%C5%8D_attacking_the_Yeongjong_castle_on_a_Korean_island_%28woodblock_print%2C_1876%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>The landing of the Japanese marines from the <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_gunboat_Unyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese gunboat Unyo">Unyo</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Ganghwa_Island" title="Ganghwa Island">Ganghwa Island</a>, Korea, during the 1875 <a href="/wiki/Ganghwa_Island_incident" title="Ganghwa Island incident">Ganghwa Island incident</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Special_Naval_Landing_Forces_on_the_deck_board_of_the_IJN_xxx,_June_11th.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Japanese_Special_Naval_Landing_Forces_on_the_deck_board_of_the_IJN_xxx%2C_June_11th.jpg/220px-Japanese_Special_Naval_Landing_Forces_on_the_deck_board_of_the_IJN_xxx%2C_June_11th.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Japanese_Special_Naval_Landing_Forces_on_the_deck_board_of_the_IJN_xxx%2C_June_11th.jpg/330px-Japanese_Special_Naval_Landing_Forces_on_the_deck_board_of_the_IJN_xxx%2C_June_11th.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Japanese_Special_Naval_Landing_Forces_on_the_deck_board_of_the_IJN_xxx%2C_June_11th.jpg/440px-Japanese_Special_Naval_Landing_Forces_on_the_deck_board_of_the_IJN_xxx%2C_June_11th.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces</figcaption></figure> <p>During the feudal period, the Japanese used Ashigaru soldiers or regular Yumi archers as soldiers to protect ships from pirates. In 1873, a short-lived marine corps was added to the newly created <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> (IJN), using Britain's Royal Marines as a model. Considered unsuitable in its original form, the force was disbanded in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Land_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Land Forces">IJN’s land forces</a> maintained several combat units: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Naval_Landing_Forces" title="Special Naval Landing Forces">Special Naval Landing Forces</a> were the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>'s professional marine corps.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_land_forces#Units" title="Imperial Japanese Navy land forces">Naval Landing Forces</a> were ad-hoc formations of IJN naval personnel formed into <a href="/wiki/Naval_infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval infantry">naval infantry</a> units for duties ashore.</li> <li>The IJN also maintained the Guard Forces (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">keibitai</i></span>) and Defense Units (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja">bobitai</i></span>), both of whom also received <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_assault" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious assault">amphibious assault</a> and beach defence training. However, their performance was poor or average when they were used as assault troops.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a>'s 3,500 man Sea-Landing Brigades (1st to 4th) were used to conduct amphibious assaults on an island, but afterwards they stayed to garrison that island.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Ottoman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_naval_infantrymen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ottoman_naval_infantrymen.jpg/220px-Ottoman_naval_infantrymen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ottoman_naval_infantrymen.jpg/330px-Ottoman_naval_infantrymen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ottoman_naval_infantrymen.jpg/440px-Ottoman_naval_infantrymen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman naval infantrymen during the reign of Abdul Hamid II</figcaption></figure> <p>The role of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> naval infantry originated in <a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a>'s conquest of the Karasi <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Beylik</a> and the capture of its fleet. From then on, <a href="/wiki/Janissaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Janissaries">Janissaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azap" class="mw-redirect" title="Azap">Azaps</a> were sometimes deployed as marines during the 14th Century. The Deniz azaps were used during the 16th Century; while troops called <a href="/wiki/Levend" title="Levend">Levend</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahriyeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahriyeli (page does not exist)">Bahriyeli</a>) were raised on and off over the centuries – over 50,000 of them by the late 18th century. The last raised units were the <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Ta'ifat al Ru'sa</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Barbary_corsairs" title="Barbary corsairs">corsair</a> captains militia) recruited from among the North <a href="/wiki/African_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="African Arabs">African Arabs</a> and indigenous <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berbers</a>. Ottoman marines were part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman navy">Ottoman navy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_Empire">Portuguese Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Portuguese Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portugal raised numerous companies of Special Marines (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Fuzileiros Especiais</i></span>) and African Special Marines (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Fuzileiros Especiais Africanos</i></span>), both at home and in the African colonies of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a>, for service in Africa during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial Wars</a>. The African Special Marines were all-black units. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Empire">Russian Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Russian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the establishment of the Imperial Russian Navy in 1696 under <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>, as part of his naval force expansion, Naval Infantry of the Russian Empire (морской пехоты Российской Империи) was formed on November 16, 1705, by using several regiments of marine equipage troops that fought as much on land as they served in ship detachments. One battalion was formed within the Guard, and served on the Imperial family's ships. The Imperial Russia's Naval Infantry have seen action in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gangut" title="Battle of Gangut">Battle of Gangut</a>, took part in the capture of <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Izmail" title="Siege of Izmail">Izmail fortress</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish Wars">Russo-Turkish Wars</a>, distinguished itself by defeating the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Napoleonic Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino" title="Battle of Borodino">Battle of Borodino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kulm" title="Battle of Kulm">Battle of Kulm</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1813)" title="Siege of Danzig (1813)">Siege of Danzig</a> as well as taking part in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_occupation_of_Naples" title="Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples">amphibious operations in Naples</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic War">Napoleonic War</a>. The Naval Infantry also saw action in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1854%E2%80%931855)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)">Siege of Sevastopol</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, and took part in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Arthur" title="Siege of Port Arthur">defense of Port Arthur</a> during <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a>. Its final campaign in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> saw them deployed to the Baltic Sea to defend against the German attacks as well as the Caspian Sea for operations against the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> the Imperial Russian Naval Infantry was fractured as the men were divided and ended up joining both sides of the conflict. Naval Infantrymen who joined either the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> (such as the Baltic Fleet Naval Infantry) or joined the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">Whites</a> distinguished themselves in battle for their respective sides. Following victory of the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>, surrendering White Naval Infantrymen were either shot on the spot, or were tortured before being executed. Those who sided with the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> were absorbed under the banner of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> and formed the backbone of the new Soviet Naval Infantry. Some of these Soviet Naval Infantrymen, particularly members of the Baltic Fleet Naval Infantry who aligned with the Bolsheviks during the civil war would later take part in the <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">1921 mutiny against the Soviet government on the Kronstadt island fortress</a> shortly following its winding down. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Naval_Infantry_AK-74.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Soviet_Naval_Infantry_AK-74.JPEG/170px-Soviet_Naval_Infantry_AK-74.JPEG" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Soviet_Naval_Infantry_AK-74.JPEG/255px-Soviet_Naval_Infantry_AK-74.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Soviet_Naval_Infantry_AK-74.JPEG/340px-Soviet_Naval_Infantry_AK-74.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2860" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soviet_naval_infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet naval infantry">Soviet naval infantryman</a> during a U.S. naval visit to a Soviet port in 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>The Soviet Navy had a number of small battalion-sized naval infantry and coastal defence units that mostly served in the ports and bases before the Second World War. During the war, and building on the visuals of the mutinied sailors of Petrograd in 1917, the <a href="/wiki/Stavka" title="Stavka">Stavka</a> ordered formation of naval infantry brigades from surplus ship crew or shore duty sailors. Prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, members of the Soviet Naval Infantry took part in the <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">1921 mutiny against the Soviet government</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Baltic Fleet garrison</a> on <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">the Kronstadt island fort</a> on the back end of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>. The mutiny was quickly put down by Soviet forces with retaliation against the rebels by the Soviet government resulting in their eventual execution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa_2">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa Marine Corps">South Africa Marine Corps</a> was set up as a subbranch of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Navy" title="South African Navy">South African Navy</a> in 1979, with the primary purpose of protecting harbours. The Marines were disbanded in 1989, following a major restructuring of the Navy at the end of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain_2">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest naval infantry. Created 27 February 1537 as Tercio de Armada by Carlos I (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1519–1556). Miguel de Cervantes, famous writer, was a member of naval infantry at Lepanto Battle. Squadron General and Captain <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Medrano" title="Diego de Medrano">Diego Fernández de Medrano</a> stood out in the front line during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vila_Franca_do_Campo" title="Battle of Vila Franca do Campo">conquest of Terceira Island</a> in 1583. Medrano's <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galleys</a> allowed for marine infantry to be used for the first time in order to occupy beaches and land.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: United Arab Emirates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, the UAE Marine Battalion was merged in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Presidential_Guard" title="United Arab Emirates Presidential Guard">United Arab Emirates Presidential Guard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom_2">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> date from the establishment of a Maritime Regiment of Foot in 1664. The <i>Marine Regiments for Sea</i> were formed in 1702 but by 1713 they had been disbanded or taken into the army as regiments of foot. In 1755, a permanent corps of marine companies was established for direct service under the Admiralty, and this force has an unbroken descent to the Royal Marines of today.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> has since its beginning formed naval landing parties of seamen for action ashore, this being later formalised into the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Brigade">Naval Brigades</a>. These brigades would often dismount guns from their parent vessels for use ashore, these guns often being the only artillery available. The most famous example of this form of land service was provided by the guns accompanying the forces <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ladysmith" title="Siege of Ladysmith">relieving Ladysmith</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Colonial_Marines" title="Corps of Colonial Marines">Corps of Colonial Marines</a> was raised from former American slaves as auxiliary units of the Royal Marines for service in the Americas: Two of these units were raised and subsequently disbanded. The first was a small unit which existed from 1808 to 12 October 1810, the second was more substantial and existed from May 1814 to 20 August 1816.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Naval Division">Royal Naval Division</a> was part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. In 1914, the shortage of ground forces for the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> led to the creation of the Division, composed of two brigades of sailors and a brigade formed by the Royal Marines. The Division was part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> but for command purposes was integrated into the army's command structure. The sailors were initially disappointing as infantry, but eventually developed into one of the better divisions. The Division participated in the defence of the Belgian city of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> in late 1914, and then served with heavy casualties at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gallipoli">Battle of Gallipoli</a>. At different times the Division included various army units. The division ceased to exist after the end of the First World War.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Gooch,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet">Gooch's Marines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 61st Foot, raised in the American colonies for the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> in 1739. This was a 3,000 man American regiment of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> that served alongside <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">British Marines</a>. Among its officers was <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718-1752)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Washington (1718-1752)">Lawrence Washington</a>, half-brother of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>. It was disbanded as a regiment in 1742 and the remaining independent companies were merged with another regiment in 1746.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_2">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Colonial_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="American Colonial Marines">American Colonial Marines</a> were State Marines raised for the various state navies that came into existence shortly before the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Continental_Marines" title="Continental Marines">Continental Marines</a> were the marine force of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American Colonies</a> during <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The corps was formed by the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> on November 10, 1775, and was disbanded in 1783. The Continental Marines' first and only <a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant</a> was <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land_and_air)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land and air)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nicholas" title="Samuel Nicholas">Samuel Nicholas</a>.</li> <li>Hillet Marine River Regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, this regiment consisted of 10 rifle companies, a Cavalry Battalion of 5 companies, and an artillery battalion of three batteries, all of whom operated from <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> gunboats as part of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River_Squadron" title="Mississippi River Squadron">Mississippi River Squadron</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Texas_Marine_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic of Texas Marine Corps (page does not exist)">Republic of Texas Marine Corps</a> – Although a marine corps was suggested in the "Act and Decree Establishing a Navy," passed on November 25, 1835, it was not until acting governor James W. Robinson strongly urged the swift formation of such an organization in his message to the General Council on January 14, 1836, that steps were actually taken to commission officers of marines and recruit enlisted personnel. Before the end of the Republic of Texas and annexation to the United States, more than 350 men served with the Texas Marine Corps, and at least eighteen officers were commissioned to command them. The Texas Marine Corps served under the direction of the Navy Department of the Republic, and the duties of the corps were specifically ordained in fifteen articles passed by the Texas Congress on December 13, 1836. Marines served under their own officers aboard ship and ashore but were subject to the orders of the senior naval officer present. The uniform of the Texas Marine came from discontinued USMC stocks, changing only the buttons and cap devices to those of Texas configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Marine_Corps" title="Confederate States Marine Corps">Confederate Marines</a> were a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Confederate States Navy</a> and was established by the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Congress">Confederate Congress</a> on 16 March 1861; they were mainly (80%) defectors from the US Marines.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nguyễn_clan_of_southern_Đại_Việt"><span id="Nguy.E1.BB.85n_clan_of_southern_.C4.90.E1.BA.A1i_Vi.E1.BB.87t"></span>Nguyễn clan of southern Đại Việt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: Nguyễn clan of southern Đại Việt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_lords" title="Nguyễn lords">Nguyễn lords</a> (ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a>) of southern <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> maintained a small naval infantry or marine force. Each marine was referred to as a thủy binh (水兵) or <i>water soldier</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Vietnam">South Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: South Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VNMC_468th_Brigade_in_training_at_Song_Than_base_camp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VNMC_468th_Brigade_in_training_at_Song_Than_base_camp.jpg/220px-VNMC_468th_Brigade_in_training_at_Song_Than_base_camp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VNMC_468th_Brigade_in_training_at_Song_Than_base_camp.jpg/330px-VNMC_468th_Brigade_in_training_at_Song_Than_base_camp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VNMC_468th_Brigade_in_training_at_Song_Than_base_camp.jpg/440px-VNMC_468th_Brigade_in_training_at_Song_Than_base_camp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption>South Vietnamese marines during training</figcaption></figure> <p>Vietnamese dynasties had a long tradition of utilizing marines. This tradition went back no later than the <a href="/wiki/Annam_(Chinese_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annam (Chinese province)">Annam Protectorate of Tang dynasty</a> when the governors built boats and trained marines to fight off pirates and invaders. The successive Vietnamese dynasties made full use of their marines' superiority at river and sea to launch successful campaigns against their northward and southward neighbors alike. </p><p>The forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Vietnam Marine Corps">Republic of Vietnam Marine Corps</a> (VNMC) was established by <a href="/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem" title="Ngo Dinh Diem">Ngo Dinh Diem</a>, then prime minister of what was then the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vietnam" title="State of Vietnam">State of Vietnam</a> on October 13, 1954. It draws its roots as the naval infantry unit of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam_Navy" title="Republic of Vietnam Navy">Republic of Vietnam Navy</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_National_Army" title="Vietnamese National Army">Vietnamese National Army</a>, which after French decolonisation, would become the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam_Military_Forces" title="Republic of Vietnam Military Forces">Republic of Vietnam Military Forces</a>. The VNMC became defunct on 1 May 1975 after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">fall of Saigon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia_(SFRY)"><span id="Yugoslavia_.28SFRY.29"></span>Yugoslavia (SFRY)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: Yugoslavia (SFRY)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Naval_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Naval Infantry">12th Naval Infantry Brigade</a> (<span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">12. brigada mornaričko desantne pješadije</i></span>) of the <a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslav_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslav Navy">Yugoslavian Navy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> consisted of 900 to 2,000 men in three battalions. A multi-ethnic unit, the brigade was broken up during the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">dissolution of the Yugoslav federation</a> and saw little action. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marines_and_naval_infantry_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of marines and naval infantry forces">List of marines and naval infantry forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat diver">Combat diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_force_infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Air force infantry">Air force infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marines&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Themistocles" title="Themistocles">Themistocles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War" title="History of the Peloponnesian War">History of the Peloponnesian War</a></i> XIV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Lives" title="Parallel Lives">Parallel Lives</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCasson1991" class="citation book cs1">Casson, Lionel (1991). <i>The Ancient Mariners</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-01477-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-01477-9"><bdi>0-691-01477-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Mariners&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-691-01477-9&rft.aulast=Casson&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldsworthy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldsworthy_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldsworthy (2003), p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-I_Adiutrix-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-I_Adiutrix_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLendering" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jona_Lendering" title="Jona Lendering">Lendering, Jona</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200305162336/https://www.livius.org/le-lh/legio/i_adiutrix.html">"Legio I Adiutrix"</a>. Livius.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/le-lh/legio/i_adiutrix.html">the original</a> on 5 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legio+I+Adiutrix&rft.pub=Livius.org&rft.aulast=Lendering&rft.aufirst=Jona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fle-lh%2Flegio%2Fi_adiutrix.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-II_Adiutrix-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-II_Adiutrix_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLendering" class="citation web cs1">Lendering, Jona. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308141717/https://www.livius.org/le-lh/legio/ii_adiutrix.html">"Legio II Adiutrix"</a>. Livius.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/le-lh/legio/ii_adiutrix.html">the original</a> on 8 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legio+II+Adiutrix&rft.pub=Livius.org&rft.aulast=Lendering&rft.aufirst=Jona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fle-lh%2Flegio%2Fii_adiutrix.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarro,_Domenico2015" class="citation book cs1">Carro, Domenico (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nzf5CQAAQBAJ&q=fanti+da+mar+marina+militare+1550&pg=PA107"><i>Vox Navalis</i></a>. Roma Aeterna. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788891195906" title="Special:BookSources/9788891195906"><bdi>9788891195906</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vox+Navalis&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Roma+Aeterna&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9788891195906&rft.au=Carro%2C+Domenico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNzf5CQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dfanti%2Bda%2Bmar%2Bmarina%2Bmilitare%2B1550%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEstes,_Kenneth_W.Heinl,_Robert_Debs1995" class="citation book cs1">Estes, Kenneth W.; Heinl, Robert Debs (1995). <i>Handbook for Marine NCOs</i>. Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-238-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-238-2"><bdi>1-55750-238-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+for+Marine+NCOs&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-55750-238-2&rft.au=Estes%2C+Kenneth+W.&rft.au=Heinl%2C+Robert+Debs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistanaval.com/infanteriademarina/historia.htm">"Historia de La Infanteria de Marina"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Navy Marines">Spanish Navy Marines</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historia+de+La+Infanteria+de+Marina&rft.pub=Spanish+Navy+Marines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistanaval.com%2Finfanteriademarina%2Fhistoria.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEnglish1984" class="citation book cs1">English, Adrian J. C. (1984). <i>Armed Forces of Latin America</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commandos+begin+planning+for+major+exercise+with+French+counterparts+in+2012+%26%23124%3B+Royal+Navy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2FNews-and-Events%2FLatest-News%2F2011%2FDecember%2F19%2F111219-HW-Major-Exercise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marinir.tnial.mil.id/">Indonesian Marine Corps official website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_Iraqi_Security_Forces-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_Iraqi_Security_Forces_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718161447/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=11">"The New Iraqi Security Forces, Article on MNF-I website, 20 April 2006"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=11">the original</a> on July 18, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+Iraqi+Security+Forces%2C+Article+on+MNF-I+website%2C+20+April+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnf-iraq.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D20%26Itemid%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSR070321-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WSR070321_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/82192.pdf">"Iraq Weekly Status Report March 21, 2007"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, US Department of State</i>. 2007-03-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Near+Eastern+Affairs%2C+US+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Iraq+Weekly+Status+Report+March+21%2C+2007&rft.date=2007-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F82192.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">North Korea Country Study, LOC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEnglish1984" class="citation book cs1">English, Adrian J. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.almasdarnews.com/article/exclusive-900-syrian-marines-join-elite-military-shield-forces/">the original</a> on 22 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exclusive%3A+Over+900+Syrian+Marines+join+elite+military+shield+forces&rft.date=2017-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fexclusive-900-syrian-marines-join-elite-military-shield-forces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_the_Navy" class="citation web cs1">United States Department of the Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081113075518/http://www.marines.mil/news/publications/Documents/MCDP%203%20Expeditionary%20Operations.pdf">"Expeditionary Operations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a>. p. 35. 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(August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/HBGEAEKPULXBFFAMGGZFMIXVJU5X4TUO">"Kampfschwimmerkommando 18 (Bestand) - Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek"</a>. <i>www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de&rft.atitle=Kampfschwimmerkommando+18+%28Bestand%29+-+Deutsche+Digitale+Bibliothek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de%2Fitem%2FHBGEAEKPULXBFFAMGGZFMIXVJU5X4TUO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNakanishi2001" class="citation book cs1">Nakanishi, Ritta (April 2001). <i>Japanese Military Uniforms 1841-1929</i>. 大日本絵画. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-499-22737-2" title="Special:BookSources/4-499-22737-2"><bdi>4-499-22737-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Military+Uniforms+1841-1929&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B5%B5%E7%94%BB&rft.date=2001-04&rft.isbn=4-499-22737-2&rft.aulast=Nakanishi&rft.aufirst=Ritta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://y4astkoviu.livejournal.com/1006.html">История морской пехоты Российской Империи до 1917 года.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adiantegalicia.es/reportaxes/2015/02/12/la-costa-da-morte-y-la-armada-invencible.html">"La Costa da Morte y la Armada Invencible - Adiante Galicia"</a> (in Spanish). 2015-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_and_war324" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_and_war" title="Template:Military and war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_and_war" title="Template talk:Military and war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_and_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military and war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_and_war324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_technology" title="History of military technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Occupational roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li> <li><i>Roles:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">Sailor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">Airman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">Enlisted rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_officer" title="Commanding officer">Commanding officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">Executive officer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Protocols and structure:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">Highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_ranks" title="Category:Military ranks">Ranks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Defense ministry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Armed Forces</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li> <li><i>Functional specialties:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Reconnaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reconnaissance_units" title="List of reconnaissance units">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Military police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_forces" title="Security forces">Security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Logistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_units_and_formations" title="Category:Military logistics units and formations">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Combat_occupations" title="Category:Combat occupations">Combat occupations</a></li> <li><i>Development:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruit_training" title="Military recruit training">Basic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">Combat training</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_arms" title="Combat arms">Combat arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li> <li><i>Naval units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_combatant" title="Surface combatant">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship" title="Littoral combat ship">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ship</a></li> <li><i>Air units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structure_of_contemporary_armed_forces" title="Category:Structure of contemporary armed forces">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structure_of_contemporary_armies" title="Category:Structure of contemporary armies">Armies by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">General staff</a></li> <li><i>Land:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_group" title="Army group">Army group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">Field army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_corps" title="List of military corps">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_divisions" title="List of military divisions">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brigades_by_type" title="Category:Brigades by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">Regiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regiments_by_country" title="Category:Regiments by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regiments_by_type" title="Category:Regiments by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battalions_by_country" title="Category:Battalions by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battalions_by_type" title="Category:Battalions by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad" title="Squad">Squad</a></li> <li><i>Naval:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">Naval fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_force#Naval" title="Task force">Task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_strike_group" title="Carrier strike group">Carrier strike group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(naval)" title="Division (naval)">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">Squadron</a></li> <li><i>Air:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_box" title="Combat box">Combat box</a></li> <li><i>Special units by nation:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Fleet" title="Battle Fleet">Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_(military_formation)" title="Front (military formation)">Front; Russian land forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Ground:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">Ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_vehicles" title="List of military vehicles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_vehicle" title="Combat vehicle">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tracked_military_vehicles" title="Category:Tracked military vehicles">Tracked vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wheeled_military_vehicles" title="Category:Wheeled military vehicles">Wheeled vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">Infantry fighting vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="Lists of armoured fighting vehicles">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles_by_country" title="List of armoured fighting vehicles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armored car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_car" title="Scout car">Scout car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle#Military_trucks" title="Military vehicle">Truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_trucks" title="Category:Military trucks">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_truck" title="Gun truck">Gun truck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">Self-propelled artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_howitzers#Self-propelled_howitzers" title="List of howitzers">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">Anti-aircraft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_railways" title="Military railways">Rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Artillery:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">Artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery" title="List of artillery">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery_by_country" title="List of artillery by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">Field gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_field_guns" title="List of field guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">Howitzer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_howitzers" title="List of howitzers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">Rocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocket_artillery" title="List of rocket artillery">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Infantry guns</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_pistol" title="Service pistol">Pistols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_machine_guns" title="List of machine guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">Service rifles</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle rifles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper rifle</a></li> <li><i>Other infantry weapons:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_gun" title="Anti-tank gun">Anti-tank gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-tank_guns" title="List of anti-tank guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">Grenade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grenades" title="Category:Grenades">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">Flamethrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_knife" title="Combat knife">Combat knife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_knives" title="Category:Military knives">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Missiles</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">Shoulder-fired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles_by_country" title="List of missiles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">Mortar</a> <ul><li><i>Lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_infantry_mortars" title="List of infantry mortars">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_mortars" title="List of heavy mortars">Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Other:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">Land mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">Shells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sea/Air:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Guided missiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_artillery" title="Naval artillery">Naval artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_guns" title="List of naval guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" title="Anti-ship missile">Anti-ship missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">Torpedoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">Depth charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close-in_weapon_system" title="Close-in weapon system">Close-in weapons</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_guns" title="Category:Aircraft guns">Guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Air-launched_missiles" title="Category:Air-launched missiles">Missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_bomb" title="Aerial bomb">Bombs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_equipment" title="Lists of military equipment">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_equipment_by_country" title="Category:Military equipment by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">Helmet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_combat_helmets" title="List of combat helmets">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_clothing_camouflage_patterns" title="List of military clothing camouflage patterns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_armor" title="Body armor">Body armor</a></li> <li><i>Facilities:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Military base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_installations" title="Lists of military installations">Lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">Field hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li> <li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo Data Computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">Military science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li> <li><i>By era:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">fourth-gen</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>By type:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armoured warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawfare" title="Lawfare">Lawfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aerospace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance" title="Alliance">Alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation" title="Cooperation">Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediation" title="Mediation">Mediation</a></li> <li><i>Public policy:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Defense budget</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_highest_military_expenditures" title="List of countries with highest military expenditures">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_military_expenditure" title="List of countries by past military expenditure">Past</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_highest_military_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries with highest military expenditure per capita">Per capita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Defense policy</a></li> <li><i>Related:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_lists" title="Category:Military lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Military lists</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war#Wars" title="Outline of war">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">Military tactics</a></li> <li><i>History lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_wars" title="Lists of wars">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a></li> <li><i>Related lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other namespace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:War" title="Template:War">War</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weapons" title="Template:Weapons">Weapons</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Military_ranks_by_country" title="Template:Military ranks by country">Ranks</a>}}</span></li> <li><i>Vehicles and weapons</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Tanks" title="Template:Tanks">Tanks</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weapons" title="Template:Weapons">Weapons</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_IFV_and_APC" title="Template:Modern IFV and APC">Infantry fighting vehicles</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Warship_types_of_the_19th_%26_20th_centuries" title="Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries">Modern warships</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Military_aircraft_types_(roles)" title="Template:Military aircraft types (roles)">Aircraft</a>}}</span></li></ul></li> <li><i>Specific modern wars</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template:Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I">World War I</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II">World War II</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War">Cold War</a>}}</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_wars_by_country_involved" title="Category:Lists of wars by country involved">Lists of wars by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_by_time" title="Category:Conflicts by time">Conflicts by time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_process" title="Peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_studies" title="Global studies">Global studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_in_international_relations" title="Idealism in international relations">Idealism in international relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarianism" title="Humanitarianism">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">International cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:International_relations" title="Template:International relations">International relations</a>}}</span></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peace_organizations" title="Category:Peace organizations">Peace organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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