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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Migrasie+van+vo%C3%ABls" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Migrasie+van+vo%C3%ABls" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Soorte_migrasie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soorte_migrasie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Soorte migrasie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soorte_migrasie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trekvoëls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trekvoëls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Trekvoëls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trekvoëls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standvoëls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standvoëls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Standvoëls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standvoëls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omgekeerde_migrasie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omgekeerde_migrasie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Omgekeerde migrasie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omgekeerde_migrasie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Migrasie van voëls</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 65 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1" title="هجرة الطيور – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجرة الطيور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="চৰাইৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চৰাইৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraci%C3%B3n_de_les_aves" title="Migración de les aves – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Migración de les aves" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C5%9Flar%C4%B1n_miqrasiyas%C4%B1" title="Quşların miqrasiyası – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quşların miqrasiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡоштарҙың миграцияһы – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡоштарҙың миграцияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Миграция на птиците – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Миграция на птиците" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পাখি পরিযান – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাখি পরিযান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptice_selice" title="Ptice selice – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ptice selice" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocell_migrador" title="Ocell migrador – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ocell migrador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrace_pt%C3%A1k%C5%AF" title="Migrace ptáků – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Migrace ptáků" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aderyn_mudol" title="Aderyn mudol – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aderyn mudol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugletr%C3%A6k" title="Fugletræk – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fugletræk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogelzug" title="Vogelzug – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vogelzug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Μετανάστευση πτηνών – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετανάστευση πτηνών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bird migration" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdomigrado" title="Birdomigrado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Birdomigrado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraci%C3%B3n_de_las_aves" title="Migración de las aves – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Migración de las aves" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مهاجرت پرندگان – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهاجرت پرندگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migration_des_oiseaux" title="Migration des oiseaux – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Migration des oiseaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BBgeltrek" title="Fûgeltrek – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fûgeltrek" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eun-turais" title="Eun-turais – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eun-turais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraci%C3%B3n_das_aves" title="Migración das aves – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Migración das aves" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%93" title="યાયાવર પક્ષીઓ – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યાયાવર પક્ષીઓ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA" title="נדידת עופות – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נדידת עופות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="पक्षी प्रव्रजन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पक्षी प्रव्रजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoba_ptica" title="Seoba ptica – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Seoba ptica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad%C3%A1rvonul%C3%A1s" title="Madárvonulás – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Madárvonulás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrasi_burung" title="Migrasi burung – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Migrasi burung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E3%82%8A%E9%B3%A5" title="渡り鳥 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="渡り鳥" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფრინველთა მიმოფრენა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრინველთა მიმოფრენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinigt_n_yig%E1%B9%ADa%E1%B9%AD" title="Tinigt n yigṭaṭ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tinigt n yigṭaṭ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Құстардың қайтуы – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құстардың қайтуы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಹಕ್ಕಿ ವಲಸೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಕ್ಕಿ ವಲಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EC%83%88" title="철새 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철새" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1%C4%8Di%C5%B3_migracija" title="Paukščių migracija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paukščių migracija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%81jputni" title="Gājputni – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gājputni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Преселба на птиците – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Преселба на птиците" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ദേശാടനപ്പക്ഷികൾ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദേശാടനപ്പക്ഷികൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="पक्ष्यांचे स्थलांतर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पक्ष्यांचे स्थलांतर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ငှက် ပြောင်းရွှေ့နေထိုင်ခြင်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငှက် ပြောင်းရွှေ့နေထိုင်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="आगन्तुक च‍रा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आगन्तुक च‍रा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogeltrek" title="Vogeltrek – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vogeltrek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugletrekk" title="Fugletrekk – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fugletrekk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugletrekk" title="Fugletrekk – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fugletrekk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migracion_deis_auc%C3%A8us" title="Migracion deis aucèus – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Migracion deis aucèus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99dr%C3%B3wki_ptak%C3%B3w" title="Wędrówki ptaków – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wędrówki ptaków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_aves" title="Migração de aves – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Migração de aves" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraziun_dals_utschels" title="Migraziun dals utschels – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Migraziun dals utschels" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrarea_p%C4%83s%C4%83rilor" title="Migrarea păsărilor – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Migrarea păsărilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Миграция птиц – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миграция птиц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoba_ptica" title="Seoba ptica – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Seoba ptica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selitev_ptic" title="Selitev ptic – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Selitev ptic" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Сеоба птица – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сеоба птица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luukende_Fuugele" title="Luukende Fuugele – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Luukende Fuugele" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/talastas_a_ayam" title="talastas a ayam – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="talastas a ayam" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="பறவைகளின் வலசை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பறவைகளின் வலசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6%C3%A7men_ku%C5%9Flar" title="Göçmen kuşlar – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Göçmen kuşlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Күчмә кошлар – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күчмә кошлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Міграція птахів – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міграція птахів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="پرندی مہاجرت – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرندی مہاجرت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chim_di_tr%C3%BA" title="Chim di trú – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chim di trú" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyaedje_d%27_oujhea" title="Voyaedje d' oujhea – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Voyaedje d' oujhea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99" title="鸟类迁徙 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鸟类迁徙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99" title="鸟类迁徙 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鸟类迁徙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E9%B3%A5%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" title="雀鳥遷徙 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雀鳥遷徙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q216507#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Aangestuur vanaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trekvo%C3%ABl&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Trekvoël">Trekvoël</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg/300px-BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg/450px-BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg/600px-BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2610" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>'n Swerm <a href="/wiki/Witwanggans" title="Witwanggans">witwangganse</a> besig met hulle migrasie in herfs.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Migrationroutes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Migrationroutes.svg/300px-Migrationroutes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Migrationroutes.svg/450px-Migrationroutes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Migrationroutes.svg/600px-Migrationroutes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="1207" /></a><figcaption>Voorbeeld van die lang afstande wat voëls kan aflê.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <b>migrasie van voëls</b> is die jaarlikse seisoenale migrasie wat verskeie <a href="/wiki/Vo%C3%ABls" class="mw-redirect" title="Voëls">voëls</a> onderneem. Hulle broei gewoonlik op een plek, maar oorwinter elders. Die voordeel hiervan is dat hulle die gunstige weer en beskikbaarheid van voedsel in hul oorwinteringsgebied kan benut, veral as die broeigebied se winters te koud of as die dae te kort is. Voëls wat jaarliks trek, word <b>trekvoëls</b> genoem; voëls wat die hele jaar op een plek deurbring word <b>standvoëls</b> genoem. Die mens was al van vroeg af bewus van swaeltjies wat gedurende die winter "verdwyn" en betyds terugkeer vir die somer. Eers gedurende die 19e eeu is daar besef dat voëls migreer in plaas van <a href="/wiki/Hibernasie" title="Hibernasie">hiberneer</a>, soos vroeër gemeen is. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soorte_migrasie">Soorte migrasie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Soorte migrasie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Soorte migrasie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arktiese_sterretjie" title="Arktiese sterretjie">Arktiese sterretjies</a> (<i>Sterna paradisaea</i>) migreer twee keer per jaar agter die somer aan. In Desember word die voël in die <a href="/wiki/Antarktiese_Sirkel" title="Antarktiese Sirkel">Antarktiese</a> gebied en gedurende Julie in die <a href="/wiki/Noordpool" title="Noordpool">Noordpoolgebied</a> aangetref. </p><p>Voëls vlieg dus jaarliks in totaal tot 40 000 km suid om te oorwinter en noord om te broei. Aanvanklik het die begrip migrasie slegs die periodieke en dramatiese omvangbeweging van voëls omvat, maar wetenskaplikes het in die loop van die 20ste eeu ontdek dat baie meer organismes gedragspatrone toon wat as migrasie beskou kan word. </p><p>Op grond van voëls se trekgewoontes is daar vroeër 'n onderskeid gemaak tussen trekvoëls en standvoëls. Die huidige beskouing is dat so 'n duidelike onderskeid nie gemaak kan word nie, aangesien groepe van party spesies migreer, terwyl ander groepe van dieselfde spesie die hele jaar op dieselfde plek deurbring. </p><p>'n Voorbeeld hiervan is die <a href="/wiki/Europese_spreeu" title="Europese spreeu">Europese spreeu</a> (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>). Lede van hierdie spesie wat in Oos-Europa hou, is volwaardige trekvoëls omdat die winter te straf is. Voëls van dieselfde spesie wat in die westelike dele van Europa hou, is slegs gedeeltelik trekvoëls. Die wintertemperature in <a href="/wiki/Brittanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Brittanje">Brittanje</a> is nie so laag as in byvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> nie en die voëls het in die weste 'n beter kans op oorlewing. Migrasie verg 'n groot hoeveelheid energie en 'n voël kan miskien minder energie gebruik en tog die winter oorleef deur op dieselfde plek te bly. </p><p>Daar is onlangs gevind dat sommige voëls 'n nomadiese lewenswyse kan volg. Dit is gewoonlik voëls wat in 'n ongunstige <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> hou, soos die rand van 'n woestyn, en gevolglik agter beskikbare voedselbronne aan trek. </p><p>Voëls kan verskeie maniere van beweging gebruik om te trek. Die hoenderagtiges, soos <a href="/wiki/Tarentaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarentaal">tarentale</a>, fisante en patryse, asook <a href="/wiki/Volstruis" title="Volstruis">volstruise</a> sal na hulle bestemming loop. Seevoëls, soos die <a href="/wiki/Pikkewyn" title="Pikkewyn">pikkewyne</a>, sal oor lang afstande swem om by hul bestemmings uit te kom. Die mees algemene manier van trek is egter om te vlieg. Die vlerke van vlieënde trekvoëls is gewoonlik lank en baie goed ontwikkel. </p><p>Party voëls is klein, vaartbelyn en sterk vlieërs, soos <a href="/wiki/Swaeltjie" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaeltjie">swaeltjies</a>, terwyl ander, soos die ooievaars, relatief groot en lomp is. Swaeltjies is aktiewe vlieërs met die bykomende voordeel dat hulle hul prooi kan vang terwyl hulle vlieg. Hulle kan dus hul vlugte in 'n klein aantal lang skofte onderneem omdat hulle nie hoef te land om te eet nie en hulle hoef ook nie soveel voedselreserwes soos die ander migrante op te berg nie. Voëls soos <a href="/wiki/Ooievaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ooievaar">ooievaars</a> is te groot om lang afstande aktief te vlieg en moet dus op gunstige lugstrome wag om tot by hul bestemming te sweef. Die meeste migrante pak hulle tog aan in swerms van wisselende grootte. </p><p>Die mees algemene migrasierigting is van noord na suid en omgekeerd. Hierdie migrasies geskied gewoonlik tussen die kontinente van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> en <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> en is seisoensgebonde. Wat opvallend is, is dat die meerderheid van die migrante insekte-vretend is. Hulle migreer voor die winter omdat hulle voedselbron, insekte, gedurende die winter skaars is. Deur agter die somer aan te vlieg, ervaar insekte-etende voëls twee voordele: hulle hoef hulle nie aan te pas by uiterste klimaatsveranderinge nie omdat hulle altyd in warm klimate is, en hulle is altyd van 'n voldoende voedselvoorraad verseker omdat die insekte se rustyd gewoonlik verby is wanneer die voëls hul bestemming bereik. </p><p>Eksperimente waarin voëls met ringe gemerk is, het bewys dat trekvoëls jaar vir jaar na 'n spesifieke plek terugkeer. Hulle sal dus ook spesifieke trekroetes volg. Die voëls vermy grotendeels die <a href="/wiki/Saharawoestyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Saharawoestyn">Saharawoestyn</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a> en kom Afrika hoofsaaklik oor die <a href="/wiki/Straat_van_Gibraltar" title="Straat van Gibraltar">Straat van Gibraltar</a> en by die Midde-Ooste binne. Hulle kan nou met die <a href="/wiki/Nylrivier" title="Nylrivier">Nylrivier</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Skeurvallei" title="Skeurvallei">Skeurvallei</a> langs vlieg totdat hulle verder suid uitsprei. Daar is egter min oor die trekroetes in Afrika bekend. Hierdie noord-suid-migrante oorwinter gewoonlik in Afrika, maar keer betyds terug vir die Europese somer om daar te broei. </p><p>'n Tweede soort migrasie is 'n oos-wes- en omgekeerde migrasie, wat gewoonlik oor kort afstande geskied om agter reën of 'n seisoenale beskikbaarheid van kos aan te trek. </p><p>Voëls migreer oor lang afstande omdat hul ledemate hulle daartoe in staat stel. Migrasie maak dit vir voëls moontlik om 'n habitat te soek wat op 'n bepaalde tydstip aan hulle behoeftes voldoen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trekvoëls"><span id="Trekvo.C3.ABls"></span>Trekvoëls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Trekvoëls" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Trekvoëls"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trekvoëls is voëls, soos die <a href="/wiki/Swael" title="Swael">swaeltjie</a>, wat elke jaar na warmer lande trek. As dit koud raak in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> vlieg swaeltjies byvoorbeeld na Europa, waar dit dan somer is. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trekvo%C3%ABls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trekvoëls (bladsy bestaan nie)">Trekvoëls</a> kom elke keer na dieselfde plek, soms dieselfde <a href="/wiki/Nes" title="Nes">nes</a> terug. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standvoëls"><span id="Standvo.C3.ABls"></span>Standvoëls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Standvoëls" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Standvoëls"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Standvoëls is voëls wat somer en winter op dieselfde plek bly, soos die <a href="/wiki/Mossie" class="mw-disambig" title="Mossie">mossie</a>. Die <a href="/wiki/Roek" title="Roek">roek</a> is soms 'n standvoël, maar ook soms 'n trekvoël. Hoe verder na die ooste, hoe meer raak hulle trekvoëls. Wes-Europese roeke is grotendeels standvoëls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Omgekeerde_migrasie">Omgekeerde migrasie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Omgekeerde migrasie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Omgekeerde migrasie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Asiamig2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Asiamig2.jpg/220px-Asiamig2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Asiamig2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Omgekeerde migrasie</figcaption></figure> <p>Omgekeerde migrasie is die fenomeen waar voëls 180 grade in die verkeerde rigting vanuit hulle broeigebied vlieg. Dit kom veral by <a href="/wiki/Sangvo%C3%ABls" title="Sangvoëls">sangvoëls</a> voor, waar die trekinstink geneties bepaal is. Omgekeerde migrasie word dikwels as verklaring gegee vir die dwaalgaste vanuit Sentraal-Asië wat in Europa opdaag, maar wat normaalweg in Suidoos-Asië oorwinter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bron">Bron</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Bron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bron"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldspektrum" title="Wêreldspektrum">Wêreldspektrum</a></i>, 1982, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0908409605" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0908409605</a>, volume 19, bl. 55</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migrasie_van_vo%C3%ABls&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetiese_lys_van_Suid-Afrikaanse_vo%C3%ABls" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse voëls">Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse voëls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Suid-Afrikaanse_vo%C3%ABls_(gegroepeer)" title="Lys van Suid-Afrikaanse voëls (gegroepeer)">Lys van Suid-Afrikaanse voëls (gegroepeer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Suider-Afrikaanse_vo%C3%ABls_volgens_wetenskaplike_name" title="Lys van Suider-Afrikaanse voëls volgens wetenskaplike name">Lys van Suider-Afrikaanse voëls volgens wetenskaplike name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeilstorch" title="Pfeilstorch">Pfeilstorch</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216507&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216507&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216507" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122253545">cb122253545</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122253545">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4131697-6">4131697-6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85014321">sh85014321</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574169">00574169</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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