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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="#Koku_veidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Koku veidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koku_veidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koku_operācijas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koku_operācijas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Koku operācijas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koku_operācijas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koks (datu struktūra)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Pieejams 43 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="شجرة (هياكل بيانات) – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شجرة (هياكل بيانات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Дърво (структура от данни) – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дърво (структура от данни)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_(estructura_de_dades)" title="Arbre (estructura de dades) – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arbre (estructura de dades)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strom_(datov%C3%A1_struktura)" title="Strom (datová struktura) – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Strom (datová struktura)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%B2%C4%83%C3%A7_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%C4%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95)" title="Йывăç (панăлăхсен тытăмĕ) – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йывăç (панăлăхсен тытăмĕ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A6_(datastruktur)" title="Træ (datastruktur) – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Træ (datastruktur)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baum_(Datenstruktur)" title="Baum (Datenstruktur) – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baum (Datenstruktur)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_(abstract_data_type)" title="Tree (abstract data type) – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tree (abstract data type)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbo_(datumstrukturo)" title="Arbo (datumstrukturo) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arbo (datumstrukturo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rbol_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Árbol (informática) – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Árbol (informática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puu_(andmestruktuur)" title="Puu (andmestruktuur) – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puu (andmestruktuur)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="درخت (ساختار داده) – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درخت (ساختار داده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puu_(tietorakenne)" title="Puu (tietorakenne) – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puu (tietorakenne)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_enracin%C3%A9" title="Arbre enraciné – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arbre enraciné" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa_(adatszerkezet)" title="Fa (adatszerkezet) – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fa (adatszerkezet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohon_(struktur_data)" title="Pohon (struktur data) – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pohon (struktur data)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboro_(informatiko)" title="Arboro (informatiko) – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arboro (informatiko)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A9_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Tré (tölvunarfræði) – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tré (tölvunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albero_(informatica)" title="Albero (informatica) – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albero (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0_(%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0)" title="木構造 (データ構造) – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木構造 (データ構造)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="트리 구조 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트리 구조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medis_(duomen%C5%B3_strukt%C5%ABra)" title="Medis (duomenų struktūra) – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medis (duomenų struktūra)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Дрво (податочна структура) – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дрво (податочна структура)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80_(%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC)" title="ട്രീ (ഡാറ്റാ സ്ട്രക്ചർ) – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ട്രീ (ഡാറ്റാ സ്ട്രക്ചർ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D3%A9%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%86)" title="Мод (өгөгдлийн бүтэц) – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мод (өгөгдлийн бүтэц)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom_(datastructuur)" title="Boom (datastructuur) – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boom (datastructuur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_(datastruktur)" title="Tre (datastruktur) – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tre (datastruktur)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drzewo_(informatyka)" title="Drzewo (informatyka) – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drzewo (informatyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rvore_(estrutura_de_dados)" title="Árvore (estrutura de dados) – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Árvore (estrutura de dados)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85)" title="Дерево (структура данных) – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дерево (структура данных)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stablo_(struktura_podataka)" title="Stablo (struktura podataka) – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stablo (struktura podataka)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_(data_structure)" title="Tree (data structure) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tree (data structure)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevo_(podatkovna_struktura)" title="Drevo (podatkovna struktura) – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Drevo (podatkovna struktura)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Стабло (структура података) – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стабло (структура података)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4d_(datastruktur)" title="Träd (datastruktur) – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Träd (datastruktur)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81)" title="மரம் (தரவுக் கட்டமைப்பு) – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரம் (தரவுக் கட்டமைப்பு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89_(%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5)" title="ต้นไม้ (โครงสร้างข้อมูล) – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ต้นไม้ (โครงสร้างข้อมูล)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_(estruktura_ng_datos)" title="Puno (estruktura ng datos) – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Puno (estruktura ng datos)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_(veri_yap%C4%B1s%C4%B1)" title="Ağaç (veri yapısı) – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ağaç (veri yapısı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85)" title="Дерево (структура даних) – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дерево (структура даних)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2y_(c%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc_d%E1%BB%AF_li%E1%BB%87u)" title="Cây (cấu trúc dữ liệu) – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cây (cấu trúc dữ liệu)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%91_(%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84)" title="树 (数据结构) – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Šajā rakstā nav ievērots <a href="/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Stila_rokasgr%C4%81mata" title="Palīdzība:Stila rokasgrāmata">enciklopēdisks valodas stils</a></b> <br /><small>Lūdzu, palīdzi <a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koks_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&action=edit">uzlabot šo rakstu</a>, pārrakstot to. Ja ir kādi ieteikumi, vari tos pievienot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusija:Koks_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskusija:Koks (datu struktūra) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">diskusijā</a>. Vairāk lasi <a href="/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:%C4%AAsa_lieto%C5%A1anas_pam%C4%81c%C4%ABba" title="Palīdzība:Īsa lietošanas pamācība">lietošanas pamācībā</a>.</small><div class="hide-when-compact"></div><div class="hide-when-compact"></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3201466">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text{text-align:left!important}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{display:inline-block}</style> <p><b>Koks</b> ir <a href="/wiki/Datu_strukt%C5%ABras" title="Datu struktūras">datu struktūra</a> - mezglpunktu (<a href="/wiki/Datu_elements" title="Datu elements">mezglu</a>) kopa (var būt tukša), kas satur sakni, kurai ir nulle vai vairāk apakškoku. Katrs apakškoks atbilst koka definīcijai. Tātad koka definīcija ietver rekursiju, kur katrā zarā ir stingras norādes. Ja objekts vai jebkāda informācija var tikt sadalīta sīkākās daļās, un daļas, attiecīgi, vēl sīkākās, var tikt izmantota koku datu struktūra dalījuma attēlošanai. Galvenā koka priekšrocība pār citām datu struktūrām ir veiksmīgā hierarhijas attēlošana. Tā kā ar šo struktūru var viegli organizēt <a href="/wiki/Inform%C4%81cija" title="Informācija">informācijas</a> apstrādi un glabāšanu, tad koku datu struktūra ir viena no svarīgākajām <a href="/wiki/Datorzin%C4%81tne" title="Datorzinātne">datorzinātnē</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zari,_mezgli_un_lapas"><span id="Zari.2C_mezgli_un_lapas"></span>Zari, mezgli un lapas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koks_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Zari, mezgli un lapas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koks_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Zari, mezgli un lapas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Tree-data-structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tree-data-structure.svg/220px-Tree-data-structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tree-data-structure.svg/330px-Tree-data-structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tree-data-structure.svg/440px-Tree-data-structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Koka piemērs. Saknes mezgls - 50, lapu mezgli - 9, 14, 19, 64, 76.</figcaption></figure> <p>Šī tipa struktūru var labi paskaidrot ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Explorer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windows Explorer (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Windows Explorer</a> piemēru, kas parāda mapju, direktoriju un <a href="/wiki/Fails" class="mw-redirect" title="Fails">failu</a> struktūru, kas atrodas šajās mapēs. </p><p>Koks satur tādus objektus kā mezgli un lapas. Tiem jāatbilst šādiem noteikumiem: </p> <ul><li>Mezgli var atrasties jebkurā līmenī datu struktūrā, kur 1. līmenis ir augšpuse un n līmenis ir apakša.</li> <li>Mezgls, kas atrodas 1. līmenī, tiek saukts par saknes mezglu.</li> <li>Viens mezgls, kuram nav šķautņu (zaru), arī tiek saukts par koku.</li> <li>Apakšējam zaram (bērnam) ir jābūt saistītam ar to vecāku, kas ir tieši 1 līmeni augstāk par viņu.</li> <li>Vienam vecākam var būt bezgalīgi daudz bērnu, bet bērnam var būt tikai viens vecāks.</li> <li>Tie mezgli (bērni) vienā līmenī, kuriem ir viens kopīgs vecāks, tiek saukti par kaimiņiem.</li> <li>Tāds mezgls, kuram nav bērnu, tiek saukts par lapu.</li> <li>Kokam ir divi lielumi – augstums un dziļums.</li> <li>Augstums ir līmeņu skaits no saknes mezgla līdz pēdējai lapai.</li> <li>Dziļums ir zaru skaits līdz pēdējam bērnam (lapai). Dziļums = Augstums – 1;</li></ul> <p>Windows pārlūkā kā zari tiek reprezentētas mapes (direktoriji), kuru sakne var būt diski C vai D, kas neietilpst nevienā citā direktorijā – nav bērns nevienam mezglam. Lapas ir faili, jo tajos neietilpst citi lielumi (citi faili vai mapes) – tie ir koka mazākie elementi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Koku_veidi">Koku veidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koks_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Koku veidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koks_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Koku veidi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kokus var iedalīt kā sakārtotus un nesakārtotus.</li> <li>Sakārtots koks ir tāds, kurš ir veidots pēc noteikta <a href="/wiki/Algoritms" title="Algoritms">algoritma</a> – vecāks ir pēc kāda noteikta kritērija lielāks nekā bērns un var noteikt, kurš no bērniem ir pirmais (primārais) un kuri nākamie.</li> <li>Koks vēl var būt binārs – nosaukums jau norāda, ka struktūras pamatā ir skaitlis ‘2’. Tas nozīmē, ka katram vecākam var būt augstākais divi bērni. Papildu nosacījums – kreisajam bērnam vienmēr jābūt lielākam nekā labajam.</li> <li>Ja binārs koks ir sakārtots, tad tas atbilst iepriekšējiem nosacījumiem un pilns sakārtots binārs koks ir tāds, kur katram mezglam ir tieši divi bērni.</li> <li>Ja bināram kokam nav neviena mezgla, to sauc par tukšu koku un to mēdz apzīmēt ar NIL.</li> <li>Ja visām koka lapām ir vienāds dziļums, to sauc par perfektu bināru koku.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Koku_operācijas"><span id="Koku_oper.C4.81cijas"></span>Koku operācijas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koks_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Koku operācijas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koks_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Koku operācijas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Create (sakne) – Izveido koku, kas raksturojas ar sakni.</li> <li>Empty (sakne) – loģiskā funkcija, kura pārbauda, vai saknē ir vērtība.</li> <li>Find (sakne, pozīcija, zīme) – izvēlētajai saknei atgriež pozīciju (atrašanās vietu). Ja nevar atrast tā vietu kokā, tad atgriež jauno piešķirto zīmi.</li> <li>Add (sakne, mezgls) – Pievieno datus kokam (ar izvēlēto sakni, noteiktajā mezglā).</li> <li>Delete (sakne, mezgls) – Izmet datus no izvēlētās pozīcijas (skat. Add operāciju).</li> <li>Traverse (sakne) – Kokam ar izvēlēto sakni iziet visus mezglus atbilstoši hierarhijai.</li> <li>Parent (m) – Izvēlētajam mezglam atgriež tā vecāku vai NIL, ja vecāks nav atrasts.</li> <li>Children (m) – Tiek atgriezta bērnu kopa izvēlētajam mezglam. Tomēr tiek atgriezta nulle, ja izvēlētā ir lapa (bez bērniem).</li> <li>FirstChild (m) – Atgriež izvēlētā mezgla pirmo (mazāko/”vis-kreisāko”) bērnu vai, ja ‘m’ ir lapa, atgriež NIL.</li> <li>RightSibling (m) un LeftSibling(m) – Atgriež izvēlētā mezgla attiecīgi labo vai kreiso kaimiņu vai NIL, ja tāda nav. (Tikai bināram kokam).</li> <li>RightChild (m) un LeftChild(m) – Atgriež bērnus vai NIL (skat. iepriekš. operāciju).</li> <li>IsLeaf (m) – loģiska operācija, kas pārbauda, vai izvēlētajam mezglam nav bērnu vai ir tie(vai tā ir lapa vai nav). Tiek atgriezta viena no būla vērtībām – true vai false.</li> <li>Depth (m) – Kokam atgriež mezgla m dziļumu.</li> <li>Height (m) – Kokam atgriež mezgla m augstumu.</li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:Datu_strukt%C5%ABras" title="Veidne:Datu struktūras"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:Datu_strukt%C5%ABras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:Datu struktūras (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:Datu_strukt%C5%ABras&action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Datu_strukt%C5%ABras" title="Datu struktūras">Datu struktūras</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Tipi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolekcijas_(datorika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolekcijas (datorika) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kolekcijas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konteiners_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konteiners (datu struktūra) (vēl nav 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struktūra)">Steks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciklisks_saraksts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciklisks saraksts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ciklisks saraksts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Koki</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B_koks" title="B koks">B koks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bin%C4%81r%C4%81s_mekl%C4%93%C5%A1anas_koks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binārās meklēšanas koks (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Binārās meklēšanas koks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaudze_(datu_strukt%C5%ABra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaudze (datu struktūra) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kaudze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td 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