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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prenuptial_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prenuptial_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.1</span> <span>Prenuptial agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prenuptial_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.2</span> <span>Reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.3</span> <span>Taxation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alimony</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A9" title="نفقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Алімэнты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Алімэнты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliments_entre_parents" title="Aliments entre parents – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aliments entre parents" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BD%C5%BEivn%C3%A9" title="Výživné – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Výživné" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimoni" title="Alimoni – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alimoni" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterhalt" title="Unterhalt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unterhalt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elatis" title="Elatis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elatis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecho_de_alimentos" title="Derecho de alimentos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Derecho de alimentos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimento" title="Alimento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alimento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantenuko_eskubide" title="Mantenuko eskubide – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mantenuko eskubide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87" title="نفقه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نفقه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligation_alimentaire" title="Obligation alimentaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Obligation alimentaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Ալիմենտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալիմենտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="भरणपोषण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भरणपोषण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimentacija" title="Alimentacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alimentacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimentasi" title="Alimentasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alimentasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Алименттæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Алименттæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimenti_(diritto)" title="Alimenti (diritto) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alimenti (diritto)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מזונות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B6" title="ಜೀವನಾಂಶ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವನಾಂಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliment%C3%AB" title="Alimentë – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Alimentë" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алименттік міндеттемелер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алименттік міндеттемелер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Алимент – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алимент" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzturl%C4%ABdzek%C4%BCi" title="Uzturlīdzekļi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Uzturlīdzekļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Алиментација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алиментација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="ജീവനാംശം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവനാംശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="पोटगी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोटगी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimentatie" title="Alimentatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alimentatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underholdsbidrag" title="Underholdsbidrag – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Underholdsbidrag" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliment" title="Aliment – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aliment" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimenty" title="Alimenty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alimenty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pens%C3%A3o_aliment%C3%ADcia" title="Pensão alimentícia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pensão alimentícia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensia_de_%C3%AEntre%C8%9Binere_pentru_so%C8%9B" title="Pensia de întreținere pentru soț – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pensia de întreținere pentru soț" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Алименты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алименты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimony" title="Alimony – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alimony" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Алиментација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алиментација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underh%C3%A5llsbidrag" title="Underhållsbidrag – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Underhållsbidrag" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="வாழ்க்கைப் படி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாழ்க்கைப் படி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Алимент – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алимент" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafaka" title="Nafaka – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nafaka" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Аліменти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аліменти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D9%82%DB%81" title="نفقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نفقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%A9%9A%E8%B4%8D%E9%A4%8A%E8%B2%BB" title="離婚贍養費 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="離婚贍養費" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&oldid=1258573253" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Alimony&id=1258573253&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlimony"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlimony"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Legal obligation to provide financial support to one's spouse due to marital separation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alimony_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alimony (disambiguation)">Alimony (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">Family law</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)">Marriage and other unions and status</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_marriages" title="Types of marriages">Types of marriages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohabitation" title="Cohabitation">Cohabitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concubinage" title="Concubinage">Concubinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common-law_marriage" title="Common-law marriage">Common-law marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">Domestic partnership</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marriage_law" title="Marriage law">Validity of marriages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage licence">Marriage licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_certificate" title="Marriage certificate">Marriage certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenuptial_agreement" title="Prenuptial agreement">Prenuptial agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_regime" title="Matrimonial regime">Matrimonial regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_marriage" title="Void marriage">Void</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voidable_marriage" title="Voidable marriage">Voidable marriages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annulment" title="Annulment">Annulment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriageable_age" title="Marriageable age">Marriageable age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_marriage" title="Sham marriage">Sham marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Dissolution of marriages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">Adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grounds_for_divorce" title="Grounds for divorce">Grounds for divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-fault_divorce" title="No-fault divorce">No-fault divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_Causes_Act" title="Matrimonial Causes Act">Matrimonial Causes Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_separation" title="Legal separation">Legal separation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parenting_plan" title="Parenting plan">Parenting plan</a></li> <li>Residence [UK (EW and NI)]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custody_evaluation" title="Custody evaluation">Custody evaluator (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parenting_coordinator" title="Parenting coordinator">Parenting coordinator (US)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)">Children's issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paternity_law" title="Paternity law">Paternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_paternity_testing" title="DNA paternity testing">DNA paternity testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(family_law)" title="Legitimacy (family law)">Legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_custody" title="Child custody">Child custody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_guardian" title="Legal guardian">Legal guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tender_years_doctrine" title="Tender years doctrine">Tender years doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filial_responsibility_laws" title="Filial responsibility laws">Filial responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_(law)" title="Contact (law)">Contact & visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_and_Family_Court_Advisory_and_Support_Service" title="Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service">CAFCASS [UK (EW)]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparent_visitation" title="Grandparent visitation">Grandparent visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">UN Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">Children's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_of_minors" title="Emancipation of minors">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">Foster care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">Child support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_abortion" title="Paper abortion">Paper abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_abuse_cases_featuring_long-term_detention" class="mw-redirect" title="List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention">List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)">Private international law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">Private international law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_divorce_laws" title="Conflict of divorce laws">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_marriage_laws" title="Conflict of marriage laws">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Adoption_Convention" title="Hague Adoption Convention">Hague Convention (adoption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_child_abduction" title="International child abduction">International child abduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Convention_on_the_Civil_Aspects_of_International_Child_Abduction" title="Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction">Hague Convention (child abduction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Convention_on_the_International_Recovery_of_Child_Support_and_Other_Forms_of_Family_Maintenance" title="Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance">Hague Convention (maintenance)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)">Family and criminal code <br /> (or criminal law)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">Bigamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Protective_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Protective Services">CPS (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_selling" title="Child selling">Child selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_incest" title="Legality of incest">Legality of incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_child_abduction" title="Parental child abduction">Parental child abduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_responsibility_(access_and_custody)" title="Parental responsibility (access and custody)">Parental duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_rights_movement" title="Parents' rights movement">Parents' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternity_fraud" title="Paternity fraud">Paternity fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Paternal rights and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_family_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to family life">Right to family life</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Family_law" title="Template:Family law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Family_law" title="Template talk:Family law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Family_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Family law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alimony</b>, also called <b><a href="/wiki/Aliment" title="Aliment">aliment</a></b> (Scotland), <b>maintenance</b> (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada, New Zealand), <b>spousal support</b> (U.S., Canada) and <b>spouse maintenance</b> (Australia),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Legal_obligation" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal obligation">legal obligation</a> on a person to provide <a href="/wiki/Financial_support" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial support">financial support</a> to their <a href="/wiki/Spouse" title="Spouse">spouse</a> before or after <a href="/wiki/Marital_separation" title="Marital separation">marital separation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a>. The obligation arises from the <a href="/wiki/Divorce_law_by_country" title="Divorce law by country">divorce law</a> or <a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">family law</a> of each country. In most jurisdictions, it is distinct from <a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">child support</a>, where, after divorce, one parent is required to contribute to the support of their children by paying money to the child's other parent or guardian. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term alimony comes from the Latin word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alimonia#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:alimonia">alimonia</a></i> ("nourishment, sustenance", from <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alere" class="extiw" title="wikt:alere">alere</a>,</i> "to nourish"), from which the terms <a href="/wiki/Alimentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Alimentary">alimentary</a> (of, or relating to food, nutrition, or digestion), and <a href="/wiki/Aliment" title="Aliment">aliment</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Scots_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Law">Scots Law</a> rule regarding sustenance to assure the wife's lodging, food, clothing, and other necessities after divorce) are also derived.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a> (1754 BC) declares that a man must provide sustenance to a woman who has borne him children so that she can raise them: </p> <dl><dd>137. If a man wish to separate from a woman who has borne him children, or from his wife who has borne him children: then he shall give that wife her <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a>, and a part of the <a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">usufruct</a> of field, garden, and property, so that she can rear her children. When she has brought up her children, a portion of all that is given to the children, equal as that of one son, shall be given to her. She may then marry the man of her heart.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The above law only applies to women who had children with her husband. This fits more closely with the definition of <a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">child support</a> in some jurisdictions. </p><p>Alimony is also discussed in the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Justinian" title="Code of Justinian">Code of Justinian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern concept of alimony is derived from English <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical courts">ecclesiastical courts</a> that awarded alimony in cases of separation and divorce. <i>Alimony pendente lite</i> was given until the divorce decree, based on the husband's duty to support the wife during a marriage that still continued. <i>Post-divorce</i> or <i>permanent alimony</i> was also based on the notion that the marriage continued, as ecclesiastical courts could only award a <i>divorce a mensa et thoro</i>, similar to a legal separation today. As divorce did not end the marriage, the husband's duty to support his wife remained intact.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolan703_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolan703-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberalization of divorce laws occurred in the 19th century, but divorce was only possible in cases of marital misconduct. As a result, the requirement to pay alimony became linked to the concept of fault in the divorce.<sup id="cite_ref-AAML_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAML-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alimony to wives was paid because it was assumed that the marriage, and the wife's right to support, would have continued but for the misbehavior of the husband. Ending alimony on divorce would have permitted a guilty husband to profit from his own misconduct. In contrast, if the wife committed the misconduct, she was considered to have forfeited any claim to ongoing support. However, during this period, parties could rarely afford alimony, and so it was rarely awarded by courts.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolan703_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolan703-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As husbands' incomes increased, and with it the possibility of paying alimony, the awarding of alimony increased, generally because a wife could show a need for ongoing financial support, and the husband had the ability to pay.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolan703_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolan703-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCoy_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No-fault divorce led to changes in alimony. Whereas spousal support was considered a right under the fault-based system, it became conditional under the no-fault approach.<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a>, marital fault is a "factor" in awarding alimony in 25 states and the District of Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permanent alimony has begun to fall out of favor because it encourages the alimony recipient to not remarry so that they will continue to receive money from their ex-spouse.<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many states still have permanent alimony awards.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Honorable_Robert_E._Gaston_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Honorable_Robert_E._Gaston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-massalimonyreform.org_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-massalimonyreform.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alimony_Agony_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alimony_Agony-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> ruled against gender bias in alimony awards and, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, the percentage of alimony recipients who are male rose from 2.4% in 2001 to 3.6% in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In states like Massachusetts and Louisiana, the salaries of new spouses may be used in determining the alimony paid to the previous partners.<sup id="cite_ref-Alimony_Agony_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alimony_Agony-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABC_News_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most recently, in several high-profile divorces, women such as <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Principal" title="Victoria Principal">Victoria Principal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Simpson" title="Jessica Simpson">Jessica Simpson</a> have paid multimillion-dollar settlements in lieu of alimony to ex-husbands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnews.go.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to divorce lawyers, aggressive pursuit of spousal support by men is becoming more common, as the stigma associated with asking for alimony fades.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnews.go.com_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reckoning">Reckoning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reckoning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Alimony" title="Special:EditPage/Alimony">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Once <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_(law)" title="Dissolution (law)">dissolution</a> proceedings commence, either party may seek interim or <a href="/wiki/Pendente_lite" title="Pendente lite">pendente lite</a> support during the course of the <a href="/wiki/Litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Litigation">litigation</a>. </p><p>Where a <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> or dissolution of marriage (<a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil union</a>) is granted, either party may ask for post-marital alimony. It is not an absolute right, but may be granted, the amount and terms varying with the circumstances. If one party is already receiving support at the time of the divorce, the previous order is not automatically continued (although this can be requested), as the arguments for support during and after the marriage can be different. </p><p>Unless the parties agree on the terms of their divorce in a binding written <a href="/wiki/Legal_instrument" title="Legal instrument">instrument</a>, the court will make a determination based on the legal argument and the <a href="/wiki/Testimony" title="Testimony">testimony</a> submitted by both parties. This can be modified at any future date based on a change of circumstances by either party on proper notice to the other party and application to the court. The courts are generally reluctant to modify an existing agreement unless the reasons are compelling. In some jurisdictions the court always has jurisdiction to grant maintenance should one of the former spouses become a public charge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Types of spousal support</b> </p><p>In Canada, spousal support may be awarded upon divorce, under the federal <i><a href="/wiki/Divorce_Act_(Canada)" title="Divorce Act (Canada)">Divorce Act</a></i>, or upon separation without divorce under provincial statutes. There are generally three different forms of spousal support awarded: </p> <ol><li>Compensatory support – This form of support compensates an individual for her or his contributions to the relationship as well as for any losses that individual has suffered;</li> <li>Non-compensatory support – In some cases support may be awarded on a needs basis. This form of support may be awarded by a Court where an individual is sick or disabled; and</li> <li>Contractual support (<a href="/wiki/Prenuptial_agreement" title="Prenuptial agreement">divorce agreement</a>) – This form of support upholds a contract between the parties which governs support payments.<sup id="cite_ref-laws.justice.gc.ca_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws.justice.gc.ca-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><b>Married spouses and common-law spouses</b> </p><p>Both married spouses and common-law spouses may be entitled to spousal support. An important distinction between the two is that common-law spouses must start an action claiming spousal support within one year of the breakdown of the relationship. A second important distinction is that only married couples may divorce under the federal <i><a href="/wiki/Divorce_Act_(Canada)" title="Divorce Act (Canada)">Divorce Act</a></i>, common-law spouses may only separate under provincial legislation, such as Ontario's <i>Family Law Act</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or British Columbia's <i>Family Relation's Act</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No such limitation arises for married individuals. In addition to being in a marriage or common-law relationship, courts will look at the conditions, means, needs and other circumstances of each spouse. This includes: </p> <ol><li>The length of time the spouses cohabited;</li> <li>The functions performed by each spouse during the relationship; and</li> <li>Any existing orders or agreements.</li></ol> <p>This is by no means an exhaustive list of factors which the court will consider when determining entitlement. Each case is determined on its own unique set of circumstances. </p><p><b>Factors for awarding spousal support</b> </p><p>The federal <i><a href="/wiki/Divorce_Act_(Canada)" title="Divorce Act (Canada)">Divorce Act</a></i> at s.15.2 (6) states that there are four objectives of spousal support orders: </p> <ol><li>Recognize any economic advantages or disadvantages to the spouses arising from the marriage or its breakdown;</li> <li>Apportion between the spouses any financial consequences arising from the care of any child of the marriage over and above any obligation for the support of any child of the marriage;</li> <li>Relieve any economic hardship of the spouses arising from the breakdown of the marriage; and</li> <li>In so far as practicable, promote the economic self-sufficiency of each spouse within a reasonable period of time.<sup id="cite_ref-laws.justice.gc.ca_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws.justice.gc.ca-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><b>Amount and duration</b> </p><p>The longer the length of cohabitation and the greater the disparity between each party’s incomes, the larger an award of spousal support will be and the longer the duration will be.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there is no set formula to determine the exact amount and duration of spousal support, there are guidelines, referred to as the <i>Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines</i>, which provides ranges for both. the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines calculate ranges for support after taking into account the relevant factors. Although the courts are not required to abide by the <i>Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines</i>, they are required to take them into account when deciding on the issue of spousal support.<sup id="cite_ref-SSAG_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSAG-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The length of the relationship will be taken into account when determining how long spousal support should be paid for. Awards for spousal support can be for a limited term or indefinite.<sup id="cite_ref-SSAG_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSAG-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While declaring bankruptcy does not absolve Canadians of obligations to pay alimony or child support, a 2011 ruling by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a> established that under current laws "equalization payments agreed to as part of a divorce are considered debts, and are wiped off a person's balance sheet when they declare bankruptcy."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laws of the Czech Republic provide for spousal maintenance both during marriage and after divorce. As main principle, both spouses have the right for generally equal standard of living during the marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-CZ_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CZ-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same "generally equal standard of living" applies also to post-divorce period in special cases, when the payee wasn't mostly responsible for the failure of marriage or did not agree with the divorce and the payee suffered serious harm due to the divorce and hadn't committed an act of domestic violence against the payer. In such case the payee may request alimony in amount providing "generally equal standard of living" for a period adequate to circumstances, but no longer than three years.<sup id="cite_ref-CZ_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CZ-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If those special conditions are not met, both of the divorced have mutual spousal maintenance obligation in case that one of them is not able to provide for themselves due to circumstances originating in marriage, if payment of alimony is reasonable under general circumstances that each of the divorced found themselves in.<sup id="cite_ref-CZ_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CZ-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English courts award spousal maintenance, either in a lump sum or in installments, when one party cannot support themselves without payments from the other party.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under traditional <a href="/wiki/English_Common_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="English Common Law">English common law</a>, a woman gave up her personal property rights on marriage (see <a href="/wiki/Coverture" title="Coverture">Coverture</a>). Upon separation from marriage, the husband retained the right to the wife's property, but, in exchange, had an ongoing responsibility to support the wife after dissolution of the marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-AAML_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAML-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCoy_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English law was amended by legislation including the <a href="/wiki/Married_Women%27s_Property_Act_1870" title="Married Women's Property Act 1870">Married Women's Property Act 1870</a> and <a href="/wiki/Married_Women%27s_Property_Act_1882" title="Married Women's Property Act 1882">Married Women's Property Act 1882</a> which reformed women's property rights relating to marriage, by, for example, permitting divorced women to regain the property they owned before marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_Art_of_Alimony_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Art_of_Alimony-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barbara_von_Hauzen,_Esp_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbara_von_Hauzen,_Esp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alimony in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> is governed by personal laws based on religion:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Hindus</b>: Governed by the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (Section 24 for <a href="/wiki/Pendente_lite" title="Pendente lite">pendente lite</a>, Section 25 for permanent alimony). </p><p><b>Christians</b>: Governed by the Divorce Act, 1869 (Section 36 for <a href="/wiki/Pendente_lite" title="Pendente lite">pendente lite</a>, Section 37 for permanent alimony). </p><p><b>Parsis</b>: Governed by the Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act (Section 39 for <a href="/wiki/Pendente_lite" title="Pendente lite">pendente lite</a>, Section 40 for permanent alimony). </p><p><b>Secular</b>: Special Marriage Act, 1954 (Section 36 for <a href="/wiki/Pendente_lite" title="Pendente lite">pendente lite</a>, Section 37 for permanent alimony). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The duty of mutual assistance of the spouses turns into an obligation of maintenance following the personal separation. The spouse who is not responsible for the separation has, in fact, the right to receive from the other "what is necessary for its maintenance" (Article 156 of the Italian Civil Code). </p><p>In case of dissolution of the marriage, art. 5, paragraph 6, of Law 898/1970 provides for the obligation for a spouse to periodically provide the other with a check "when the latter does not have adequate means or in any case cannot obtain them for objective reasons", the determination of which it is entrusted to certain specific parameters (conditions of the spouses, reasons for the decision, personal and economic contribution given by each to the family management and to the formation of the patrimony of each or the common one, income of both, duration of marriage).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Japan" title="Law of Japan">Japanese Civil Code</a>, spousal support is available while the parties are married, but terminates upon divorce. Japanese courts typically award a one-time payment of <i>isha-ryo</i>, or consolation money, to the "wronged" spouse in the divorce, a type of compensation which does not exist in some other jurisdictions such as most U.S. states.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the U.S., <a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">state law</a> establishes <a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_United_States#Alimony" title="Divorce in the United States">requirements regarding alimony</a> (and child support) payments, recovery and penalties. A spouse trying to recover back alimony sometimes may use only the collection procedures that are available to all other creditors, such as reporting the amount due to a <a href="/wiki/Collection_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection agency">collection agency</a>, or seek enforcement through <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt of court</a> proceedings against an obligor who is able to pay but has failed to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alimony obligations are not dischargeable in <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The determination of alimony varies greatly from state to state within the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-AAML_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAML-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some state statutes, including those of Texas, Montana, Kansas, Utah, Kentucky and Maine, give explicit guidelines to judges on the amount and/or duration of alimony. In Texas, Mississippi and Tennessee, for example, alimony is awarded only in cases of marriage or civil union of ten years or longer and the payments are limited to three years unless there are special, extenuating circumstances. Also, in case of Texas, there is a legal presumption while dealing with a spousal maintenance case, that the alimony isn't appropriate. Once the requesting spouse can reasonably demonstrate that he/she has given the best effort in good faith to secure an independent income but failed, only then the case is taken into consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the amount of spousal support in Texas is limited to the lesser of $5,000 per month or 20% of the payee's gross income.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas_Statute-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maine_Statute_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maine_Statute-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Delaware, spousal support is usually not awarded in marriages of less than 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas_Statute-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Kansas, alimony awards cannot exceed 121 months.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas_Statute-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Utah, the duration of alimony cannot exceed the length of the marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas_Statute-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Maine, Mississippi, and Tennessee alimony is awarded in marriages or civil union of 10 to 20 years and the duration is half the length of the marriage barring extenuating circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas_Statute-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other states, including California, Nevada and New York, have relatively vague statutes which simply list the "factors" a judge should consider when determining alimony (see list of factors below).<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas_Statute-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Massachusetts_Statute_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massachusetts_Statute-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oldham_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oldham-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these states, the determination of duration and amount of alimony is left to the discretion of the family court judges who must consider case law in each state. In Mississippi, Texas and Tennessee, for example, there are 135 Appellate Cases in addition to 47 sections of State Statute that shape divorce law. As a result of these Appellate Cases, for example, Mississippi judges cannot order an end date to any alimony award. In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> signed into law comprehensive alimony reform. This law sets limits on alimony and eliminates lifetime alimony. Similarly, in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> signed into law alimony reform, creating a standardized non-presumptive guideline upon which courts can rely.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In general, there are four types of alimony:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b>Temporary alimony:</b> Support ordered when the parties are separated prior to divorce. Also called <i>alimony pendente lite</i>, which is Latin, meaning, "pending the suit".</li> <li><b>Rehabilitative alimony:</b> Support given to a lesser-earning spouse for a period of time necessary to acquire work outside the home and become self-sufficient.</li> <li><b>Permanent alimony:</b> Support paid to the lesser-earning spouse until the death of the payor, the death of the recipient, or the remarriage of the recipient.</li> <li><b>Reimbursement alimony:</b> Support given as a reimbursement for expenses incurred by a spouse during the marriage (such as educational expenses).</li></ol> <p>Some of the possible factors that bear on the amount and duration of the support are:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Factor </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Length of the marriage or civil union </td> <td>Generally, alimony lasts for a term or period. However, it will last longer if the marriage or civil union lasted longer. A marriage or civil union of over 10 years is often a candidate for permanent alimony. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Time separated while still married </td> <td>In some U.S. states, separation is a triggering event, recognized as the end of the term of the marriage. Other U.S. states do not recognize separation or <a href="/wiki/Legal_separation" title="Legal separation">legal separation</a>. In a state not recognizing separation, a 2-year marriage followed by an 8-year separation will generally be treated like a 10-year marriage. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Age of the parties at the time of the divorce </td> <td>Generally, more youthful spouses are considered to be more able to 'get on' with their lives, and therefore thought to require shorter periods of support. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relative income of the parties </td> <td>In U.S. states that recognize a right of the spouses to live 'according to the means to which they have become accustomed', alimony attempts to adjust the incomes of the spouses so that they are able to approximate, as best possible, their prior lifestyle. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Future financial prospects of the parties </td> <td>A spouse who is going to realize significant income in the future is likely to have to pay higher alimony than one who is not. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Health of the parties </td> <td>Poor health goes towards need, and potentially an inability to support oneself. The courts are disinclined to leave one party indigent. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fault in marital breakdown </td> <td>In U.S. states where fault is recognized, fault can significantly affect alimony, increasing, reducing or even nullifying it. Many U.S. states are '<a href="/wiki/No_fault_divorce" class="mw-redirect" title="No fault divorce">no-fault</a>' states, where one does not have to show fault to get divorced. No-fault divorce spares the spouses the acrimony of the 'fault' processes, and closes the eyes of the court to any and all improper spousal behavior. In Georgia, however, a person who has an affair that causes the divorce is not entitled to alimony.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prenuptial_agreements">Prenuptial agreements</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Prenuptial agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prenuptial_agreement#United_States" title="Prenuptial agreement">Prenuptial agreement § United States</a></div> <p>Prenuptial agreements are recognized in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, and every jurisdiction allows parties to agree to spousal support and alimony terms in a premarital or postnuptial agreement, if their marital agreement is prepared in accordance with state and federal law requirements.  Divorce courts retain the discretion to refuse to enforce prenuptial agreement terms restricting a party’s right to seek alimony if that party would have to seek public assistance as a result of the alimony waiver, or if the restriction on the right to seek alimony is unconscionable or unfair when the divorce occurs. Lack of financial disclosure prior to signing a prenuptial agreement or a post-nuptial agreement by the party against whom alimony is sought may also cause a court to invalidate a waiver of alimony provision.  Prenuptial Agreements with valid alimony waivers or restrictions entered into in one state should be fully enforceable by the courts of another state in the event of a divorce, unless the terms of the prenuptial agreement are in material violation of the foreign jurisdiction's laws. </p><p>California is the only state with a law that requires that the parties be represented by counsel if spousal support (alimony) is limited by the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instead of a complete waiver of the right to seek alimony, prenuptial agreements and post-nuptial agreements can also contain terms where the parties agree to a set amount of guaranteed alimony for the lower wage earner at the time of divorce, or a cap/limit on the amount of alimony either party can seek in the event of a divorce. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reform">Reform</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, family laws and precedents as they relate to divorce, community property and alimony vary based on state law. Also, with new family models, "working couples", "working wives", "<a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_dad" title="Stay-at-home dad">stay-at-home dads</a>", etc., there are situations where some parties to a divorce question whether traditional economic allocations made in a divorce are fair and equitable to the facts of their individual case. Some groups have proposed various forms of legislation to reform alimony parameters (i.e. amounts and term).<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alimony_Agony_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alimony_Agony-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABC_News_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Huffington_Post_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Huffington_Post-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_Art_of_Alimony_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Art_of_Alimony-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-On_Point_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-On_Point-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alimony terms are among the most frequent issues causing litigation in <a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">family law</a> cases.<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Honorable_Robert_E._Gaston_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Honorable_Robert_E._Gaston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eighty percent of divorce cases involve a request for modification of alimony.<sup id="cite_ref-Barbara_von_Hauzen,_Esp_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbara_von_Hauzen,_Esp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some states (e.g. Florida, Texas, Maine) are moving away from permanent alimony awards that are intended to maintain a spouse's standard of living enjoyed during the marriage and are moving towards durational or rehabilitative alimony.<sup id="cite_ref-theory_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theory-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other states, like Mississippi and Tennessee, alimony is usually awarded for life.<sup id="cite_ref-Alimony_Agony_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alimony_Agony-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the critical issues that proponents and opponents of alimony reform disagree upon are: </p> <ul><li>Whether alimony should be temporary or permanent<sup id="cite_ref-New_Art_of_Alimony_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Art_of_Alimony-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Regardless of duration, should alimony payers have the unquestionable right to retire?<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Does the lesser earning spouse deserve alimony to meet his or her basic needs (<a href="/wiki/Sustenance" title="Sustenance">sustenance</a>) or enough to sustain "the lifestyle accustomed to during the civil union or marriage"?<sup id="cite_ref-New_Art_of_Alimony_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Art_of_Alimony-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Should the income and assets of a new spouse be used in determining how much alimony gets paid?<sup id="cite_ref-Alimony_Agony_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alimony_Agony-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>How clear and prescriptive should state statutes be versus allowing a larger degree of Judicial Discretion?<sup id="cite_ref-Alimony_Agony_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alimony_Agony-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2012, bills were introduced in the New Jersey Assembly and Senate. The Assembly passed a bill calling for a Blue Ribbon Commission to address Alimony Reform.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Senate has a similar bill pending that has not yet been posted in the Judiciary Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NJ Matrimonial Bar Association has been vehemently fighting against Alimony Reform, led by Patrick Judge Jr. chairman of the Family Law section of the New Jersey State Bar Association.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attorney Judge stated that the New Jersey State Bar Association ("NJSBA") objected to the inclusion of individuals with a vested interest in reforming alimony on the Blue Ribbon Commission and that the NJSBA supported the "establishment of a commission [to study alimony reform] but only as long as the commission is constituted so that a fair and unbiased review of the current alimony laws takes place…[and] should not be predisposed to an outcome…."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023 Florida passed an alimony reform bill (SB 1416) which eliminated permanent alimony and established a process for allowing alimony payers to request modifications when they want to retire. The bill allowed judges to reduce or terminate alimony obligations based on a number of factors.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The passage came after decades of contentious debate garnering three vetoes of similar bills.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some groups that were previously major opponents of the reform approved of the 2023 policy, such as Florida Family Fairness and <a href="/wiki/The_Florida_Bar" title="The Florida Bar">The Florida Bar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>California, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Oklahoma, New York, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, and West Virginia have all passed laws that allow for the modification or termination of alimony upon demonstration that the recipient is cohabitating with another person.<sup id="cite_ref-Florida_State_Senate_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florida_State_Senate-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2009, the Governor of New Jersey, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Corzine" title="Jon Corzine">Jon Corzine</a>, signed into law changes in the alimony statutes for his state which would bar alimony payments to parents who kill, abuse, or abandon their children.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taxation">Taxation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In divorces and separation agreements signed on December 31, 2018 and earlier, alimony is tax-deductible for the payer, and treated as taxable income for the recipient. Pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a>, for divorce judgments dated January 1, 2019 and later, spousal support is treated as not-taxable and non-deductible for either party.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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title="q:Special:Search/Alimony">Alimony</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filial_responsibility_laws" title="Filial responsibility laws">Filial responsibility laws</a>, similar to alimony but the money is paid by children to impoverished parents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's rights">Men's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Palimony">Palimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media 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class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.familycourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/fcoaweb/family-law-matters/property-and-finance/maintenance/">"Spousal Maintenance"</a>. <i>Family Court of Australia</i>. 19 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(Winter 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/nlj/vol9/iss2/4/">"Nevada Alimony: An Important Policy in Need of a Coherent Policy Purpose"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/William_S._Boyd_School_of_Law#Nevada_Law_Journal" title="William S. Boyd School of Law">Nevada Law Journal</a></i>. <b>9</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/William_S._Boyd_School_of_Law" title="William S. Boyd School of Law">William S. 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"The Problem of Domestic Support Obligations for Debtors in Bankruptcy". <i>Ohio Law Review</i>. <b>36</b>: 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Problem+of+Domestic+Support+Obligations+for+Debtors+in+Bankruptcy&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Baumann&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd2010" class="citation book cs1">Todd, David (2010-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LzmsAgAAQBAJ"><i>Texas Divorce and Family Law Guide: What You Should Know Before You Call a Lawyer</i></a>. Lulu.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-557-69368-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-557-69368-9"><bdi>978-0-557-69368-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Texas+Divorce+and+Family+Law+Guide%3A+What+You+Should+Know+Before+You+Call+a+Lawyer&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft.isbn=978-0-557-69368-9&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLzmsAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Texas_Statute-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_Statute_35-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/FA/htm/FA.8.htm">"Texas Statute"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+Statute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statutes.legis.state.tx.us%2FDocs%2FFA%2Fhtm%2FFA.8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maine_Statute-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maine_Statute_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/Statutes/19-A/title19-Asec951-A.html">"Maine Statute"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maine+Statute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mainelegislature.org%2Flegis%2FStatutes%2F19-A%2Ftitle19-Asec951-A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0400/chapter_0040/part_0020/section_0030/0400-0040-0020-0030.html">"Montana Code, sec. 40-4-203. Maintenance"</a>. <i>Montana Legislature</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Montana+Legislature&rft.atitle=Montana+Code%2C+sec.+40-4-203.+Maintenance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleg.mt.gov%2Fbills%2Fmca%2Ftitle_0400%2Fchapter_0040%2Fpart_0020%2Fsection_0030%2F0400-0040-0020-0030.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massachusetts_Statute-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Massachusetts_Statute_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/gl-208-toc.htm">"Massachusetts Statute"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+Statute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Flegis%2Flaws%2Fmgl%2Fgl-208-toc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090809080717/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=fam&group=04001-05000&file=4320-4326">"California Statute"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=fam&group=04001-05000&file=4320-4326">the original</a> on 2009-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+Statute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leginfo.ca.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fdisplaycode%3Fsection%3Dfam%26group%3D04001-05000%26file%3D4320-4326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oldham-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oldham_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldham2008" class="citation journal cs1">Oldham, J. Thomas (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/famlq42&div=30">"Changes in the economic consequences of divorces, 1958-2008"</a>. <i>Family Law Quarterly</i>. <b>42</b> (3). University of Houston Law Center: 419–447. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25740667">25740667</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1323911">1323911</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Family+Law+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Changes+in+the+economic+consequences+of+divorces%2C+1958-2008&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=419-447&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1323911%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25740667%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Oldham&rft.aufirst=J.+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FLandingPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Ffamlq42%26div%3D30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2013" class="citation news cs1">O'Connor, Colleen (18 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2013/10/18/new-law-changes-alimony-landscape-for-divorcing-colorado-couples/">"New law changes alimony landscape for divorcing Colorado couples"</a>. <i>The Denver Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=New+law+changes+alimony+landscape+for+divorcing+Colorado+couples&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2Fnew-law-changes-alimony-landscape-for-divorcing-colorado-couples%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">ABA</a> (1996), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abanet.org/publiced/practical/books/family/chapter_10.pdf">Alimony/Maintenance</a>", in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFABA1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">ABA</a>, ed. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanbarassoc0000unse_d1j7"><i>The American Bar Association guide to family law: the complete and easy guide to all the laws of marriage, parenthood, separation and divorce</i></a></span>. New York: Times Books/Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812927917" title="Special:BookSources/9780812927917"><bdi>9780812927917</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Bar+Association+guide+to+family+law%3A+the+complete+and+easy+guide+to+all+the+laws+of+marriage%2C+parenthood%2C+separation+and+divorce&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Times+Books%2FRandom+House&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780812927917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanbarassoc0000unse_d1j7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBussayabuntoon2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bussayabuntoon, Joann (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/contli22&div=25&id=&page=">"Age and Health as Factors for Court-Ordered Alimony Decisions"</a>. <i>Contemporary Legal Issues</i>. <b>22</b>: 309<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Legal+Issues&rft.atitle=Age+and+Health+as+Factors+for+Court-Ordered+Alimony+Decisions&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=309&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Bussayabuntoon&rft.aufirst=Joann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FLandingPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Fcontli22%26div%3D25%26id%3D%26page%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadler2011" class="citation news cs1">Wadler, Joyce (January 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/13/garden/13cheat.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=don't%20try%20this%20at%20home&st=cse">"Don't Try This at Home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. D1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Try+This+at+Home&rft.pages=D1&rft.date=2011-01-13&rft.aulast=Wadler&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F01%2F13%2Fgarden%2F13cheat.html%3F_r%3D1%26scp%3D1%26sq%3Ddon%27t%2520try%2520this%2520at%2520home%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See subsection (c) of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=FAM&division=4.&title=&part=5.&chapter=2.&article=2.">California Family Code, Sec 612</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Huffington_Post-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Huffington_Post_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatlack2011" class="citation news cs1">Matlack, Tom (November 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-matlack/divorce-reform-in-massach_b_357874.html">"Divorce Reform in Massachusetts: David vs. Goliath"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Divorce+Reform+in+Massachusetts%3A+David+vs.+Goliath&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft.aulast=Matlack&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Ftom-matlack%2Fdivorce-reform-in-massach_b_357874.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodnough2009" class="citation news cs1">Goodnough, Abby (November 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/us/10alimony.html?_r=1">"Retirees Still Liable for Alimony, Massachusetts Court Rules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Retirees+Still+Liable+for+Alimony%2C+Massachusetts+Court+Rules&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft.aulast=Goodnough&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F10%2Fus%2F10alimony.html%3F_r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-On_Point-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-On_Point_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshbrook2009" class="citation news cs1">Ashbrook, Tom (November 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onpointradio.org/2009/11/til-death-does-he-pay#comments">"Til death do they pay?"</a>. <i>On Point, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+Point%2C+NPR&rft.atitle=Til+death+do+they+pay%3F&rft.date=2009-11-03&rft.aulast=Ashbrook&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onpointradio.org%2F2009%2F11%2Ftil-death-does-he-pay%23comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_R._Musulin,_Esquire" class="citation web cs1">Christopher R. 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State of Florida Senate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Florida+State+Senate%3A+Interim+Project+Report+2005-146&rft.pub=State+of+Florida+Senate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flsenate.gov%2Fdata%2FPublications%2F2005%2FSenate%2Freports%2Finterim_reports%2Fpdf%2F2005-146ju.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHester2009" class="citation news cs1">Hester, Tom (April 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120905210027/http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/state/eliminating-alimony-inheritance-rights-ofr-murderes-abusers">"Eliminating alimony, inheritance rights for murderers, abusers"</a>. <i>The New Jersey News Room</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/state/eliminating-alimony-inheritance-rights-ofr-murderes-abusers">the original</a> on September 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Jersey+News+Room&rft.atitle=Eliminating+alimony%2C+inheritance+rights+for+murderers%2C+abusers&rft.date=2009-04-16&rft.aulast=Hester&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newjerseynewsroom.com%2Fstate%2Feliminating-alimony-inheritance-rights-ofr-murderes-abusers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/clarification-changes-to-deduction-for-certain-alimony-payments-effective-in-2019">"Changes to deduction for certain alimony payments effective in 2019"</a>. <i>IRS</i>. Internal Revenue Service. 24 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRS&rft.atitle=Changes+to+deduction+for+certain+alimony+payments+effective+in+2019&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irs.gov%2Fforms-pubs%2Fclarification-changes-to-deduction-for-certain-alimony-payments-effective-in-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlimony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimony&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alimony" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:alimony">alimony</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free 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colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368305#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368305#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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