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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tayyorlanishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tayyorlanishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tayyorlanishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tayyorlanishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarixi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarixi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tarixi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarixi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tarixi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarixi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Qadimgi_tarix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qadimgi_tarix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Qadimgi tarix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qadimgi_tarix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oʻrta_asrlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oʻrta_asrlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Oʻrta asrlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oʻrta_asrlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XX_asr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XX_asr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>XX asr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XX_asr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oʻzbekistonda_mustaqillikdan_soʻng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oʻzbekistonda_mustaqillikdan_soʻng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Oʻzbekistonda mustaqillikdan soʻng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oʻzbekistonda_mustaqillikdan_soʻng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Adabiyot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mundarija" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kulolchilik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 110 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottebakkery" title="Pottebakkery – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pottebakkery" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6pferei" title="Töpferei – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Töpferei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfarer%C3%ADa" title="Alfarería – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alfarería" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فخار – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فخار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfarer%C3%ADa" title="Alfarería – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfarería" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulus%C3%A7uluq" title="Dulusçuluq – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dulusçuluq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82" title="دولوسچولوق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دولوسچولوق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%88%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Көршәк яһау – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көршәк яһау" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ганчарства – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ганчарства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ганчарства – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ганчарства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Грънчарство – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грънчарство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE)" title="মৃৎশিল্প (কারিগরি পেশা) – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মৃৎশিল্প (কারিগরি পেশা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ওলারিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ওলারিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poderezh" title="Poderezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poderezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grn%C4%8Darija" title="Grnčarija – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grnčarija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Шабар эдлэл бүтээлгэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шабар эдлэл бүтээлгэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrissa" title="Terrissa – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terrissa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گۆزەکەری – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆزەکەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrn%C4%8D%C3%AD%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Hrnčířství – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hrnčířství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crochenwaith" title="Crochenwaith – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Crochenwaith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottemagerkunst" title="Pottemagerkunst – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pottemagerkunst" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6pferei" title="Töpferei – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Töpferei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Αγγειοπλαστική – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγειοπλαστική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pottery" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramiko" title="Ceramiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ceramiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfarer%C3%ADa" title="Alfarería – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfarería" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savin%C3%B5u" title="Savinõu – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Savinõu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buztingintza" title="Buztingintza – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Buztingintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سفالگری – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سفالگری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramiikka" title="Keramiikka – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keramiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poterie" title="Poterie – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poterie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potaireacht" title="Potaireacht – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Potaireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="陶器 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="陶器" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olar%C3%ADa" title="Olaría – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Olaría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE" title="માટીકામ – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="માટીકામ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%E1%BA%B9ndido" title="Zẹndido – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Zẹndido" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasheydys" title="Pasheydys – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pasheydys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukwane" title="Tukwane – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tukwane" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="קדרות – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קדרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="कुंभकारी – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुंभकारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pottery" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon%C4%8Darstvo" title="Lončarstvo – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lončarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazekass%C3%A1g" title="Fazekasság – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fazekasság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խեցեգործություն – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խեցեգործություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembikar" title="Tembikar – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tembikar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damdamili" title="Damdamili – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Damdamili" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leirkerager%C3%B0" title="Leirkeragerð – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leirkeragerð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavorazione_della_ceramica" title="Lavorazione della ceramica – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lavorazione della ceramica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%A3%81%E5%99%A8" title="陶磁器 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="陶磁器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachri" title="Pachri – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pachri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabah" title="Grabah – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Grabah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მეთუნეობა – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეთუნეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%CA%8A%CA%8A_%C3%B1anz%C9%A9_t%CA%8Am%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Cʊʊ ñanzɩ tʊmɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Cʊʊ ñanzɩ tʊmɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nta%CC%B1m_vap" title="Nta̱m vap – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nta̱m vap" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%88-%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Қыш-құмыра өндірісі – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қыш-құмыра өндірісі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಮಡಿಕೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಡಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%98%88" title="도예 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도예" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priweyth" title="Priweyth – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Priweyth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Карапачылык – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Карапачылык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_fictile" title="Opus fictile – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Opus fictile" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulegeschier" title="Aulegeschier – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aulegeschier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puodininkyst%C4%97" title="Puodininkystė – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Puodininkystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podniec%C4%ABba" title="Podniecība – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Podniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanefana_tanimanga" title="Fanefana tanimanga – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanefana tanimanga" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambika" title="Tambika – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tambika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="കളിമൺപാത്രനിർമാണം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കളിമൺപാത്രനിർമാണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Вааран эдлэл – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вааран эдлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कुंभार – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुंभार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembikar" title="Tembikar – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tembikar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အိုးခွက်လုပ်ငန်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုးခွက်လုပ်ငန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCttjeree" title="Püttjeree – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Püttjeree" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पॉटरी – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पॉटरी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottenbakken" title="Pottenbakken – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pottenbakken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottemakeri" title="Pottemakeri – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pottemakeri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terralha" title="Terralha – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Terralha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੌਟਰੀ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੌਟਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garncarstwo" title="Garncarstwo – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Garncarstwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پوٹری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پوٹری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="کولالي – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کولالي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaria" title="Olaria – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Olaria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/djilung" title="djilung – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="djilung" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C4%83rit" title="Olărit – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Olărit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гончарное производство – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гончарное производство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pottery" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grn%C4%8Darija" title="Grnčarija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grnčarija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B9%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="කුඹල් කර්මාන්තය – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කුඹල් කර්මාන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pottery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon%C4%8Darstvo" title="Lončarstvo – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lončarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari" title="Hari – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hari" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Грнчарство – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грнчарство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludziwo" title="Ludziwo – svati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ludziwo" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krukmakeri" title="Krukmakeri – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Krukmakeri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufinyanzi" title="Ufinyanzi – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufinyanzi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மட்பாண்டம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மட்பாண்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="మృణ్మయ పాత్రలు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మృణ్మయ పాత్రలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B2" title="เครื่องปั้นดินเผา – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องปั้นดินเผา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpapalayok" title="Pagpapalayok – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagpapalayok" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6mlek%C3%A7ilik" title="Çömlekçilik – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çömlekçilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гончарство – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гончарство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ظروف سازی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ظروف سازی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keramiktehmine" title="Keramiktehmine – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Keramiktehmine" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93_g%E1%BB%91m" title="Đồ gốm – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồ gốm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potreye" title="Potreye – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Potreye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagdaba" title="Pagdaba – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagdaba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="陶器 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="陶器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99" title="טעפעריי – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעפעריי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="陶器 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="陶器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha%E2%81%BF-%C3%A1" title="Khaⁿ-á – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khaⁿ-á" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="陶器 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="陶器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhamba" title="Ukhamba – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukhamba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11642#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kulolchilik" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Kulolchilik" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lotin/кирилл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-uz mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&variant=uz" lang="uz" hreflang="uz"><span>lotin/кирилл</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-uz-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&variant=uz-latn" lang="uz-Latn" hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&variant=uz-cyrl" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kulolchilik"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asboblar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kulolchilik"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Kulolchilik" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Kulolchilik" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&oldid=5395940" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Kulolchilik&id=5395940&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKulolchilik"><span>Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKulolchilik"><span>QR-kodni yuklab olish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nashr/eksport qilish </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kulolchilik&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pottery" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11642" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, erkin ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kulollik</b>, <b>Kulolchilik</b> — hunarmandlikning loydan turli buyumlar tayyorlaydigan turi (terrakota, sopol idish, qurilish materiallari va boshqalar). Kulolchilikda asosiy xom ashyo — tuproq. Kelib chiqishi va tarkibi turlicha boʻlgan tuproqlardan turli xil kulollik buyumi yasash jarayoni. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tayyorlanishi">Tayyorlanishi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tayyorlanishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tayyorlanishi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kulolchilik mahsulotlari tayyorlanadi. Loy qancha koʻp pishitilsa, sopolning sifati shuncha yaxshi boʻladi. Kulolchilikda asosiy qurol <a href="/wiki/Kulollik_charxi" title="Kulollik charxi">kulollik charxi</a>, usta unda idishlar tayyorlaydi va ularga shakl beradi. Tayyorlangan idishlar quritilib, xumdonda qizdiriladi. Idishlarning turlariga koʻra, xumdonlar ham turlicha (katta-kichik) boʻlishi mumkin. Sirlanadigan idishlar sirlanganidan soʻng yana bir bor xumdonda qizdiriladi. Odatda, kulollar maʼlum idishlar ishlab chiqarishga boʻyicha ixtisoslashgan boʻladilar (masalan kosagar, koʻzagar, koshinpaz, tandirchi va boshqalar). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarixi">Tarixi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarixi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tarixi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qadimgi_tarix">Qadimgi tarix</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Qadimgi tarix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Qadimgi tarix"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Insonlar kulolchilik bilan neolit davridan beri shugʻullanib keladi. Maxsus loyli buyumlar qoʻlda yasalgan, quritib olovda qizdirilgan. Kulolchilikda ishlatiladigan tuproq jahonning hamma yerlarida mavjudligi deyarli hamma xalqlarda kulolchilikning keng tarqalishini taʼminladi. Kulolchilik bilan dastlab ayollar shugʻullangan, kulollik charxining paydo boʻlishi bilan erkaklar ham bu ishga jalb qilingan. Idishlar maxsus oʻchoq va xumdonlarda pishirilgan. Kulolchilikning sodda usullari Osiyoning togʻliq hududlarida yashovchi xalqlarda hozir ham mavjud. <a href="/wiki/Neolit" title="Neolit">Neolit davriga</a> oid qarorgohlarning qazib topilgan qoldiqlari oʻsha davrda idishlarning tagi uchli qilib tayyorlanganligini koʻrsatadi (idishlar yerga suqib qoʻyilgan). <a href="/wiki/Eneolit" title="Eneolit">Eneolit davrida</a> Sharq mamlakatlarida, <a href="/wiki/Yunoniston" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunoniston">Yunonistonda</a> nafis sopol idishlar tayyorlash, sopoldan meʼmorlikda foydalanish avj oladi. Sirlash usullari kashf etilgach, kulolchilik buyumlarining badiiy qiymati osha bordi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oʻrta_asrlar"><span id="O.CA.BBrta_asrlar"></span>Oʻrta asrlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oʻrta asrlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Oʻrta asrlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Afrosiyob" title="Afrosiyob">Afrosiyob</a> va <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_Osiyo" title="Oʻrta Osiyo">Oʻrta Osiyoning</a> boshqa yerlarida topilgan arxeologik qazilmalar 9—12-asrlarda kulolchilik bu yerlarda ancha rivojlanganligini koʻrsatadi, 13-asrda <a href="/wiki/Mo%CA%BBg%CA%BBul" class="mw-redirect" title="Moʻgʻul">moʻgʻullar</a> hujumlari oqibatida nisbatan sekin rivojlangan kulolchilik 14—16 asrlarda ancha taraqqiy etdi. Oʻrta Osiyoning boʻlinib ketishi oʻzaro aloqalar susayishini keltirib chiqardi, lekin <a href="/wiki/Hunarmandchilik" title="Hunarmandchilik">hunarmandchilik</a> (ayniqsa, kulolchilik) rivojlanishda davom etdi. Turli joylarda kulolchilikning turlicha uslublari vujudga keldi. Xalq ustalari koʻplab idishlar tayyorlash bilan birga ularni yuksak did bilan bezadilar. <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Federatsiyasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossiya Federatsiyasi">Rossiyadan</a> koʻplab chinni mahsulotlar keltirilishi Oʻrta Osiyo kulollari bozorini birmuncha susaytirdi. Biroq arzon sopol idishlarga boʻlgan talab, ayniqsa, <a href="/wiki/Me%CA%BCmorlik" title="Meʼmorlik">meʼmorlikda</a> kulolchilik mahsulotlarining keng qoʻllanishi kulolchilikning uzluksiz rivojlanishini taqozo etdi. </p><p>Oʻrta Osiyoda, ayniqsa, <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbeklar" title="Oʻzbeklar">oʻzbeklar</a> va <a href="/wiki/Tojiklar" title="Tojiklar">tojiklar</a> yashaydigan joylarda kulolchilik taraqqiy etdi. <a href="/wiki/Qoratog%CA%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Qoratogʻ">Qoratogʻ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panjakent" title="Panjakent">Panjakent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samarqand" title="Samarqand">Samarqand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitob" title="Kitob">Kitob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahrisabz" title="Shahrisabz">Shahrisabz</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%CA%BBijduvon" title="Gʻijduvon">Gʻijduvon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xorazm" title="Xorazm">Xorazm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshkent" title="Toshkent">Toshkent</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%CA%BBurumsaroy" title="Gʻurumsaroy">Gʻurumsaroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rishton" title="Rishton">Rishtonda</a> sopol idishlarni sirlab bezatishning oʻziga xos uslublari vujudga keldi. Bu markazlarda tayyorlangan kulolchilik buyumlari pishiq, chiroyli, nafis siri, koʻrkam naqshlari bilan diqqatni tortadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XX_asr">XX asr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: XX asr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: XX asr"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20-asrning 20-yillaridan kulollar mexnatini tashkil etishga eʼtibor berildi. Toshkentda tajriba kulollik, Samarqandda kulollik ustaxonalari ochildi, Toshkentda oʻquv ishlab chiqarish, badiiy kti ishga tushdi (1932), qisqa muddatli kurslar tashkil qilindi, kulollar tayyorlash, ularning malakalarini oshirish yoʻlga qoʻyildi. T. Miraliyev (Toshkent), R. Egamberdiyev, A. Hazratqulov (Shahrisabz), Muhammad Siddiq, Usmon Umarov (Gʻijduvon) singari kulollar yoshlarga taʼlim berdi. Kulolchilikni tadqiq etish, rivojlantirish hamda yoshlardan kulollar tayyorlashda Oʻzbekiston xalq rassomi <a href="/wiki/Rahimov_Muhiddin_Karimovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahimov Muhiddin Karimovich">Muhiddin Rahimovning</a> xizmatlari katta. </p><p>Arxeologik materiallar kulolchilik mahsulotlarining asrlar davomida takomillashib borganini koʻrsatadi. Davr kulolchilik mahsulotlariga, uning turi va bezaklariga katta oʻzgarishlar kiritdi. Oʻtmishda tayyorlangan shamdon, qorachiroq, sarxona, jomashov, xum singari sopol idishlarga ehtiyoj qolmadi. Guldon, tovoq, lagan kabi sopol idishlar va buyumlarga ehtiyoj katta. Meʼmorlikda ham kulolchilik mahsulotlari (koshin, parchin va boshqalar) keng koʻllanilmoqda. </p><p>Sopol lagan (10-asr, Afrosiyob). Budrochtepadan topilgan sopol idishlar (Surxondaryo). Kulollik buyumlari (20-asr). </p><p>Hozirgi kunda badiiy bezatish usuli, shakli va tayyorlanish usullariga koʻra quyidagi kulolchilik maktablari mavjud: <a href="/wiki/Farg%CA%BBona" title="Fargʻona">Fargʻona</a> (asosiy markazlari — Rishton, Gʻurumsaroy), Buxoro-Samarqand (asosiy markazlari — Samarqand, <a href="/wiki/Urgut" title="Urgut">Urgut</a>, Gʻijduvon, Uba), Xorazm (asosiy markazlari — Madir, Kattabogʻ qishloqlari), Toshkent. Har bir maktab oʻzining rivojlanish va ijodiy tamoyillari, yetakchi markaz va ustalari, oʻzigagiva xos xususiyatlariga ega boʻlish bilan birga asosiy badiiy umumiylikni ham saqlagan. </p><p>Fargʻona (Rishton)da kulolchilikning anʼanaviy badiiy va ishlab chiqarish usullari qayta tiklandi, ishkrrli sir tayyorlash yoʻlga qoʻyildi. M. Ismoilov, I. Komilov, U. Ashurov, U. Qosimov, Sh. Yusupov, A. Nazirov, M. Saidov va boshqa ustalar yaratgan buyumlar (lagan, kosalar, don mahsulotlari uchun katta xumlar) shakl jihatidan ham, bezak jihatdan ham rangbarangdir. </p><p>Gʻurumsaroy kulolchilik buyumlariga bezakning mahobatli oydinligi va soddalik xosdir, bu maktab vakili usta M. Turopov sir tayyorlashdan tortib to naqsh chizishgacha boʻlgan barcha ishlarni faqat anʼanaviy usulda bajargan, bu anʼanani uning shogirdi V. Buvayev va boshqalar davom ettirmoqda, yangi ijodiy yangiliklar yaratishda izlanmoqda (jumladan, mahobatli laganlar hajmini kichraytirish va boshqalar). </p><p>Buxoro-Samarqand kulolchilik maktabi buyumlarining jarangdor nafisligida qoʻrgʻoshinli sir va sargʻish-yashil, jigarrang boʻyoqlar muhim oʻrin tutadi. "Afrosiyob sopoli" anʼanalariga asoslanib tayyorlanilgan buyumlar bezagida oʻsimliksimon naqshlar yetakchilik qiladi, handasiy naqshlar, hayvonlar tasvirlari kam ishlatiladi. Ular, asosan, Gʻijduvon kulolchiligida qoʻllanadi. Gʻijduvon, Shaxrisabz ustalari moʻyqalamda ishlasalar, Urgut, Denov ustalari chizma naqshlarni koʻp qoʻllaydilar. Gʻijduvonlik aka-uka Alisher va Abdulla Narzullayevlar anʼanalarni saqlash, rivojlantirish va vorislarga yetkazishda samarali mehnat qilmoqda. Ustalar idishlar tubiga hayvonlarning soddalashtirilgan shakli yoki ayrim qismlarini joylashtiradilar ("dumi burgut", "murgʻi safid", "boyqush", "guli tovus" va boshqalar), bu shakllar gulsimon naqshga oʻxshab ketishi bilan diqqatga sazovor. Narzullayevlar yaratgan buyumlarda yangilikni his qilish, anʼanaviy shakllarga erkin munosabatda boʻlish kabi xususiyatlar aniq koʻzga tashlanadi. Buxoro-Samarqand kulolchilik maktabi boshqa maktablardan sopol xushtak oʻyinchoйlar ishlanadigan markazining borligi bilan ajralib turadi. H. Raximova anʼanalarini uning oʻgʻillari va shogirdi K. Boboyeva davom ettirmokda, ularning ijodida anʼanaviylikni saqlagan holda oʻziga xos mahorat ham kuzatiladi, bu ranglarda, shakl mujassamotida, yechimning mukammalligi va oʻlchamlarning barqarorligida namoyon boʻladi. </p><p>Usta A. Muxtorov ishidan namuna (1978, Samarqand). </p><p>Xorazm kulolchilik maktabi oʻziga xos badiiyligi, bezaklar rangi va ishlanish uslubi bilan boshqa maktablardan ajralib turadi; uning milliy shaklli oʻziga xos buyumi bodiyadir; naqsh mujassamoti handasiy va oʻsimliksimon naqshlardan iborat, buyumning markaziy qismiga arabeska girih tushirish ushbu maktabga xos uslublardan. Usta R. Matchonov (Madir qishlogʻi) buyumlarga toʻq rang ishlatgan, buyum bezagida havo rang yoki rangning oʻziga xos toʻq tusi ustunlik qiladi. S. Otajonov (Kattabogʻ qishlogʻi) oq angobdan koʻproq foydalanadi. </p><p>20-asrning 80-yillarida kulolchilik markazlarida ishlar birmuncha susaydi. 1990-yillarda Oʻzbekistonda anʼanaviy qadriyatlarga eʼtiborni qaratilishi bu sohaning rivojlanishini taʼminladi. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida anʼanaviy amaliy sanʼat asarlari koʻrgazmasi (Respublika yarmarkasi)ga asos solindi. 1995-yildagi 1-Respublika yarmarkasida (<a href="/wiki/BMT" class="mw-redirect" title="BMT">BMTning</a> 50 yilligiga bagʻishlandi) barcha kulolchilik maktabining vakillari ishtirok etdi. Ustalardan R. Zuhurov (<a href="/wiki/Denov" title="Denov">Denov</a>), M. Turopov (<a href="/wiki/G%CA%BBurumsaroy" title="Gʻurumsaroy">Gʻurumsaroy</a>), I. Komilov (Rishton), Alisher va Abdulla Narzullayevlar (Gʻijduvon), Namoz va Noʻmon Oblokulovlar (Urgut), R. Matchonov (Xorazm), A. Raximov (Toshkent) maxsus tayyorlangan "Usta guvohnomasi"ga sazovor boʻldi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oʻzbekistonda_mustaqillikdan_soʻng"><span id="O.CA.BBzbekistonda_mustaqillikdan_so.CA.BBng"></span>Oʻzbekistonda mustaqillikdan soʻng</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oʻzbekistonda mustaqillikdan soʻng" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Oʻzbekistonda mustaqillikdan soʻng"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1997-yilda <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_Respublikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi">Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi</a> <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_Respublikasining_Prezidenti" class="mw-redirect" title="Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Prezidenti">Prezidentining</a> "Xalq badiiy hunarmandchiliklari va amaliy sanʼatni yanada rivojlantirishni davlat yoʻli bilan qoʻllab-quvvatlash chora-tadbirlari toʻgʻrisida"gi farmoni barcha sohalar qatorida kulolchilik anʼanalarini rivojlanishiga samarali turtki boʻldi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyot">Adabiyot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyot" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyot"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Razvodovskiy V., Opit issledonaniya goncharnogo i nekotorix drugix kustarnix promislov v Turkestanskom kraye, T., 1916;</li> <li>Raximov M. K., Varodnie traditsii v sovremennoy xudojestvennoy keramike Oʻzbekistova, T., 1964;</li> <li>Pugachenkova G. A., Rem pel L. I., Ocherki iskusstva Sredney Azii, M., 1982;</li> <li>Oʻzbekiston sanʼati, T., 2001.</li></ul> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stub_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stub ikona"><img alt="Stub ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/50px-Stub_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/75px-Stub_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/100px-Stub_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td><i>Ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. Siz uni <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&action=edit">boyitib,</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya" title="Vikipediya">Vikipediyaga</a> yordam berishingiz mumkin.</i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048111">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048093">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; 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Iltimos, maqolaga aloqador turkumlar qoʻshib yordam qiling. <small><i>(avgust 2024)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&oldid=5395940">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulolchilik&oldid=5395940</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Yashirin turkum: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi_maqolalari" title="Turkum:Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Barcha_chala_maqolalar" 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