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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Visitation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Visitation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Visitation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Visitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gilbert_H._Grosvenor_Visitor_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gilbert_H._Grosvenor_Visitor_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Gilbert H. Grosvenor Visitor Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gilbert_H._Grosvenor_Visitor_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cave_shelter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cave_shelter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cave shelter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cave_shelter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russell_Cave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russell_Cave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Russell Cave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russell_Cave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Walking_trails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walking_trails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Walking trails</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Walking_trails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_American_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_American_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Native American Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_American_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Alabama_Birding_Trail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Alabama_Birding_Trail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>North Alabama Birding Trail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Alabama_Birding_Trail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Russell Cave National Monument</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_Nacional_de_la_Cova_de_Russell" title="Monument Nacional de la Cova de Russell – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monument Nacional de la Cova de Russell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Russell Cave National Monument" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russell Cave National Monument" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russell Cave National Monument" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%89" title="نصب راسل كيف الوطنى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نصب راسل كيف الوطنى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Cave_nationalmonument" title="Russell Cave nationalmonument – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Russell Cave nationalmonument" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q661092#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&params=34_58_35.83_N_85_48_51.30_W_type:landmark_dim:1km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°58′35.83″N</span> <span class="longitude">85°48′51.30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.9766194°N 85.8142500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.9766194; -85.8142500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">310 acres in Alabama (US) managed by the National Park Service</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Russell Cave National Monument</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #BFFFBF;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> III (<a href="/wiki/Natural_monument" title="Natural monument">natural monument or feature</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_Cave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Russell_Cave.JPG/284px-Russell_Cave.JPG" decoding="async" width="284" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Russell_Cave.JPG/426px-Russell_Cave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Russell_Cave.JPG/568px-Russell_Cave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:284px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:284px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:284px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Russell Cave National Monument"><img alt="Map showing the location of Russell Cave National Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg/284px-USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="284" height="452" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg/426px-USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg/568px-USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:4.215%;left:72.144%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Russell Cave National Monument"><img alt="Map showing the location of Russell Cave National Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Alabama</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:284px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:284px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:284px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Russell Cave National Monument"><img alt="Map showing the location of Russell Cave National Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/284px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="284" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/426px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/568px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.76%;left:67.976%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Russell Cave National Monument"><img alt="Map showing the location of Russell Cave National Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="locality"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Alabama" title="Jackson County, Alabama">Jackson County, Alabama</a>, United States</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nearest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Alabama" title="Bridgeport, Alabama">Bridgeport, Alabama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&params=34_58_35.83_N_85_48_51.30_W_type:landmark_dim:1km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°58′35.83″N</span> <span class="longitude">85°48′51.30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.9766194°N 85.8142500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.9766194; -85.8142500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">310 acres (130 ha)<sup id="cite_ref-area_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created</th><td class="infobox-data">May 11, 1961<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1961-May-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">8,678 (in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-visits_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visits-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/ruca/">Russell Cave National Monument</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #A8EDEF; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">October 15, 1966</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">66000150<sup id="cite_ref-nris_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Russell Cave National Monument</b> is a <a href="/wiki/U.S._national_monument" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. national monument">U.S. national monument</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, United States, close to the city of <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Alabama" title="Bridgeport, Alabama">Bridgeport</a>. The monument was established on May 11, 1961, when 310 acres (1.3 km<sup>2</sup>) of land were donated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> to the American people. It is now administered and maintained by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. The national monument was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> on October 15, 1966. </p><p>Russell Cave has an exceptionally large main entrance, which was used for thousands of years as a shelter by cultures of <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a>, from around 6500 BCE, the period of earliest-known human settlement in the southeastern United States, to 1650 CE and the period of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a>. It is believed to have primarily served as a seasonal winter shelter. The people relied on the surrounding forest to gather produce and hunt for game and fish, stone and game for tools, and wood fuel for fires. Guided tours of the shelter area are available.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_2004_p._4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott_2004_p.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With a mapped length of 7.2 miles (11.6 km), Russell Cave is the third-longest mapped <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">cave</a> in Alabama. It is ranked 90th on the United States Long Cave List, and is listed as number 314 on the World Long Cave List.<sup id="cite_ref-cave-db_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cave-db-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caving is no longer allowed inside the cave. The grounds offer trails for walking, and the area is a station on the <a href="/wiki/North_Alabama_Birding_Trail" title="North Alabama Birding Trail">North Alabama Birding Trail</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_Cave_Entrance_RUCA9323.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Russell_Cave_Entrance_RUCA9323.jpg/350px-Russell_Cave_Entrance_RUCA9323.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Russell_Cave_Entrance_RUCA9323.jpg/525px-Russell_Cave_Entrance_RUCA9323.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Russell_Cave_Entrance_RUCA9323.jpg/700px-Russell_Cave_Entrance_RUCA9323.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2972" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>One of several entrances to Russell Cave</figcaption></figure> <p>The rock from which Russell Cave was carved was formed over 300 million years ago at the bottom of an inland sea covering the region. Due to continental drift, the area that is now northeast Alabama was located very close to the Equator at the time this limestone was forming. This area is now located in a temperate climate, but 300 million years ago, it was a shallow, tropical sea. Carbonaceous deposits of skeletons and shells were slowly transformed into <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>. Rainwater, mildly acidic from atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, slowly dissolved a portion of the limestone rock, resulting in the formation of the cave. About 9,000 to 12,000 years ago, the collapse of a cavern roof beneath a hillside near Doran's Cove created a <a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">sinkhole</a> and exposed Russell Cave.<sup id="cite_ref-hack_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hack-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until shortly before the first occupation by Native Americans, the cavern was uninhabitable due to the large stream that occupied the entirety of the cavern. A rockfall from the cavern roof diverted the stream to one side, however, exposing a portion of the cave floor. The first occupants lived on this irregular floor of rock slabs. Debris from occupants and deposits falling from the ceiling slowly raised the floor. The floor ultimately was raised an additional 7-8 ft (2.0 to 2.5 m) and up to 30 ft (9.0 m) near the upper entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-gorp_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gorp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, after the cave had been excavated, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Mines" title="United States Bureau of Mines">United States Bureau of Mines</a> installed 15-ft-long (4.5 m) bolts as supports to prevent additional collapses of limestone rock.<sup id="cite_ref-ruca_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruca-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cave mouth faces to the east, preventing the ingress of cold north and northwest winds and allowing in the morning sun. According to a published cave map, the cave has five entrances in addition to the main entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-matthews_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matthews-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of the entrances are referred to as canoe entrances, while the other two are named the picnic and pig entrances. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">natural spring</a> flows into the cave and travels underground for 1.5 mi (2.5 km) before joining Widow's Creek, and ultimately the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaic_period_(before_1000_BCE)"><span id="Archaic_period_.28before_1000_BCE.29"></span>Archaic period (before 1000 BCE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Archaic period (before 1000 BCE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pieces of the history of thousands of years of prehistoric humans have been revealed at this archeological site. Chipped flint <a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">points</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a> from <a href="/wiki/Campfire" title="Campfire">campfires</a> provide evidence that occupation of Russell Cave began nearly 10,000 years ago<sup id="cite_ref-nps-geo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps-geo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Native Americans in the southeastern <a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic period in the Americas">Archaic period</a>. The charcoal remains of the first fires in the cavern date to between 6550 and 6145 BCE, based on <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nps-geo_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps-geo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the people were <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter-gatherers">hunter-gatherers</a>, they likely occupied the cave only during the autumn and winter seasons, when they needed more shelter. According to John Griffin, the issue of seasonality (during what season or seasons the cave was used) remains to be determined.<sup id="cite_ref-griffin_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence indicating occupation in autumn and winter include <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a> bones and <a href="/wiki/Passenger_pigeon" title="Passenger pigeon">passenger pigeon</a> remains. The presence of <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a> artifacts clouds the determination somewhat, as shellfish would have been easier to procure during periods of dry weather in midspring and late summer. However, <a href="/wiki/William_J._Clench" title="William J. Clench">William J. Clench</a> has suggested that the occupants may have brought <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">snails</a> to store in nearby bodies of water (Dry Creek and/or Crownover Springs) for use as needed including in autumn or winter.<sup id="cite_ref-clench_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clench-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the existing information, Griffin is "strongly inclined" to view Russell Cave as a place of winter occupancy.<sup id="cite_ref-griffin_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Stream.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Stream.jpg/130px-Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Stream.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Stream.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Stream from natural spring entering Russell Cave</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to serving as a shelter (presumably for several related families totaling 15 to 30 individuals<sup id="cite_ref-ruca_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruca-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the cave would have provided a constant source of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> as temperatures in the protected area remained above freezing. The cave's occupancy was limited by individuals' need for mobility and by how much the land could support the people.<sup id="cite_ref-nps-geo_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps-geo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surrounding <a href="/wiki/Temperate_hardwood_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate hardwood forest">hardwood forest</a> and nearby Tennessee River served as sources of food throughout the year. The food sources would have included aquatic animals (<a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtles</a>, shellfish), <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">wild turkey</a>), and small <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">gray foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peccary" title="Peccary">peccaries</a>) taken in hunting. The women would gather and process a variety of <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorns</a>), <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Root_vegetable" title="Root vegetable">roots</a>. Larger animals such as deer and <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black bears</a> were also commonly <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunted</a> by the men when the seasons permitted. Griffin has stated that the dominant animal food sources for these occupants were deer and turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-griffin_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Foraging" title="Foraging">gatherers</a>, these occupants also would have consumed <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">berries</a>, although these plant foods may have been scarce or unavailable during the seasons of cave occupancy. Generally speaking, hunter-gathers relied more heavily on plant foods than they did animals.<sup id="cite_ref-lee-devore_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-devore-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-service_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-service-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indirect evidence of gathering includes pits for storage of nuts and seeds, <a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">mortars and pestles</a> for breaking up shells and grinding nuts, and nut stones.<sup id="cite_ref-griffin_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium" title="Chenopodium">Goosefoot</a>, genus<i> Chenopodium</i>, is a small flowering plant with edible seeds that may have been cultivated in small gardens. The evidence for this is uncertain, however. Related uncertainty exists in the timeframe for such cultivation (believed to be during Archaic or Woodland periods).<sup id="cite_ref-osterweis-selig-london_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osterweis-selig-london-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-johnson_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miller_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These early cave dwellers were efficient consumers of game. The women roasted or stewed the flesh. They cured and softened the hides or skins, and made pieces into <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">Bones</a> were shaped into <a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">tools</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Prehistoric_Fish_Hooks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Prehistoric_Fish_Hooks.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="65" /></a><figcaption>Examples of fishing hooks fashioned from bone</figcaption></figure> <p>The chief <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapon</a> of these occupants was a short <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spear</a> (tipped with a stone point), which was propelled by an <a href="/wiki/Atlatl" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlatl">atlatl</a> (throwing stick). The points were chipped from <a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">chert</a>, which occurs as <a href="/wiki/Nodule_(geology)" title="Nodule (geology)">nodules</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vein_(geology)" title="Vein (geology)">veins</a> in limestone near the cave. </p><p>Chert was also used to fashion <a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">knives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">scrapers</a>. The people made <a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">awls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle" title="Sewing needle">needles</a> from the bones. They were used in the production of clothing from hides or manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">baskets</a>. Small pieces of bone were also used to make <a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">fish hooks</a>. No ornamental works have been found in this layer of deposits. </p><p>Other items, such as baskets and articles fashioned from wood, and hides, were probably produced, but have not been preserved by the soil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Woodland_period_(1000_BCE_to_500_CE)"><span id="Woodland_period_.281000_BCE_to_500_CE.29"></span>Woodland period (1000 BCE to 500 CE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Woodland period (1000 BCE to 500 CE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 1000 BCE, the implements of the Native Americans occupying Russell Cave underwent a dramatic change. <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> appears for the first time. Smaller weapon points indicate that the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(weapon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (weapon)">bow and arrow</a> had replaced the atlatl and spear. Tools fashioned from bone were more refined. Other domestic implements provide the first evidence of <a href="/wiki/Gardening" title="Gardening">gardening</a> at the site. Additionally, bone and <a href="/wiki/Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">shell</a> appear in ornamental artifacts. Evident throughout the <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland period</a> is an increase in the amount of hunting at the expense of other activities. During this period, the cave clearly had become simply a hunting camp. In the seasons away from the cave, the natives probably joined other groups at summer villages larger than those of the Archaic period. </p><p>These changes occurred in groups throughout the Eastern United States and marked the beginning of the Woodland period. During this period, the people built earthwork <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">burial mounds</a>, the population increased, and <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> became important. </p><p>Changes in the shape and style of artifacts at Russell Cave during the Woodland period serve as a basis for identifying cultural subdivisions within the period. For example, early pottery of the period is decorated with fabric impressions, while later pottery is decorated with impressions made by carved wooden paddles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mississippian_period_(after_500_CE)"><span id="Mississippian_period_.28after_500_CE.29"></span>Mississippian period (after 500 CE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mississippian period (after 500 CE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the close of the Woodland period (around 500 CE), Native Americans made less and less use of Russell Cave. Occasionally, small parties of hunters left objects distinct from those of the Woodland-period occupants. These visitors (known as <a href="/wiki/Mound_builder_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mound builder (people)">mound builders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a>) came from permanent villages. These had successfully developed agriculture on the rich river bottomlands of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and their tributaries. They build large complexes of earthwork mounds to express their religious and political concepts. The last occupants of the cave departed around 1000 CE. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Park_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Park_Entrance.jpg/300px-Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Park_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Park_Entrance.jpg/450px-Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Park_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Park_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to Russell Cave National Monument with old entrance sign</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_period">Historic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Centuries later, <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee Indians</a> occupied this part of the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a>. They and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Settler" title="Settler">European settlers</a> made little use of the cave. Due to the establishment of permanent settlements, locations such as Russell Cave were used only sporadically by Native Americans, usually as stopovers for hunting and trading parties. Few objects that they left were found very close to the surface. The only modern historical artifact found at the site was a <a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">metal fish hook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-griffin_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expedition of Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernando de Soto (explorer)">Hernando de Soto</a> passed within 100 mi (160 km) of Russell Cave in 1540. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell Cave was named after Colonel Thomas Russell, a <a href="/wiki/Veteran" title="Veteran">veteran</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> from <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-showcave_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-showcave-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who owned the property at the time when maps of the area were drawn.<sup id="cite_ref-ruca_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruca-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surrounding land, called Doran's Cove, is named after Major James Doran, Russell's brother-in-law and the original owner of the land.<sup id="cite_ref-showcave_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-showcave-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following excavation and reporting in 1956, the land was purchased by the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> and donated to the American people. The area was designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_monument" title="National monument">national monument</a> in 1961 during the presidency of <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archeological_surveys">Archeological surveys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Archeological surveys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell Cave provides the most thorough artifact records of any prehistoric culture in the southeast.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_field_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological field survey">Archeological field surveys</a> have uncovered evidence of the cave's occupants. Around two tons of artifacts have been recovered from the site.<sup id="cite_ref-rosenberg_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosenberg-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These discoveries include charcoal from fires, bones of animals (as remains of hunted game and as bone tools), spear and arrow points, <a href="/wiki/Sherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherd">sherds</a> of pottery, and the remains of several adults and children buried at the site. The <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">bodies</a>, ranging in age from infant to 50 years,<sup id="cite_ref-gorp_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gorp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were buried in shallow pits in the cave floor and were not accompanied by artifacts. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Cave_Shelter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Cave_Shelter.jpg/300px-Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Cave_Shelter.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a0/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Cave_Shelter.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Visitors touring the Russell Cave shelter</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Archaic_Period_Kirk_Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b4/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Archaic_Period_Kirk_Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="63" /></a><figcaption>Archaic-period Kirk point, Russell Cave</figcaption></figure> <p>The first relics were discovered in 1953 when four members from the Tennessee Archeological Society and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_at_Chattanooga" title="University of Tennessee at Chattanooga">University of Chattanooga</a> began digging in the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-nps-geo_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps-geo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-griffith_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">excavation</a> reached a depth of 6 ft (1.8 m).<sup id="cite_ref-gorp_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gorp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon realizing the extent and importance of the site, they contacted the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, which conducted three seasons (1956–1958) of archeological digs in cooperation with the National Geographic Society. They reached a depth of more than 32 ft (9.8 m). An additional excavation was performed in 1962 by the National Park Service to a depth of 10.5 ft (3.2 m). This final excavation completed the archeological record and established an on-site exhibit.<sup id="cite_ref-gorp_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gorp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Analysis of the distribution of the artifacts among functional categories (fabricating and processing tools, domestic implements, weapons) using an experimental technique proposed by Howard Winters<sup id="cite_ref-winters_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winters-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reveals that the ratio of nonweapon artifacts to weapons was very low. This is indicative of a hunting camp with lack of permanent occupancy.<sup id="cite_ref-griffin_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The picture of prehistoric life gained from Russell Cave is necessarily incomplete, due to the incomplete nature of archeological records and because Russell Cave represents only a portion of the annual lifecycle of the inhabitants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studies of <a href="/wiki/Historical_geology" title="Historical geology">historical geology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paleobotany" title="Paleobotany">paleobotany</a> have shown that the <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> of the Eastern Forest Region remained essentially unchanged for thousands of years. This began to change after the arrival of European-American settlers in the early 19th century. They removed trees for <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a> and to open land for <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commercial_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial agriculture">commercial farming</a>. </p><p>The cave is populated by both the <a href="/wiki/Little_brown_bat" title="Little brown bat">brown bat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_long-eared_myotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern long-eared myotis">northern long-eared bat</a>. The cave stream contains fish known as <a href="/wiki/Sculpin" title="Sculpin">sculpin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">Snakes</a> of the surrounding area include the <a href="/wiki/Agkistrodon_contortrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Agkistrodon contortrix">copperhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timber_rattlesnake" title="Timber rattlesnake">timber rattlesnake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rat_snake" title="Rat snake">rat snake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingsnake" title="Kingsnake">kingsnake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ruca_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruca-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 115 species of birds have been identified by researchers at Russell Cave, which is located along the <a href="/wiki/North_Alabama_Birding_Trail" title="North Alabama Birding Trail">North Alabama Birding Trail</a>. Although the site is now south of the southern boundary of the <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupine</a> range, their bones have been found in digs at the earliest occupational levels. The <a href="/wiki/Peccary" title="Peccary">peccary</a>, also hunted by former occupants, is no longer found in this region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visitation">Visitation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Visitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Brazilian_Visitors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Brazilian_Visitors.jpg/200px-Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Brazilian_Visitors.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Brazilian_Visitors.jpg/300px-Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Brazilian_Visitors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Russell_Cave_National_Monument_-_Brazilian_Visitors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Brazilian foresters touring Russell Cave in 1965</figcaption></figure> <p>Russell Cave National Monument is located at 3729 County Road 98, Bridgeport, Alabama 35740. The site is open year-round, seven days a week (closed on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a>). Hours of operation are 8:00 am to 4:30 pm Central Time. No fees are charged to enter the park or tour the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A diverse range of attractions is available to visitors of Russell Cave National Monument. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gilbert_H._Grosvenor_Visitor_Center">Gilbert H. Grosvenor Visitor Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gilbert H. Grosvenor Visitor Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the center, guests can view <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum exhibits</a>, watch <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary films</a> about the lifestyles of prehistoric peoples, or purchase items from the <a href="/wiki/Gift_shop" title="Gift shop">gift shop</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookstore">bookstore</a>. </p><p>The visitor center at Russell Cave National Monument is named after <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor" title="Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor">Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor</a>, the editor of <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic Magazine</a></i> from 1903 to 1954, and president of the National Geographic Society from 1920 to 1954. The visitor center was dedicated in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-natl-geo_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natl-geo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cave_shelter">Cave shelter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cave shelter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tour_guide" title="Tour guide">Guided tours</a> of the cave shelter are conducted by <a href="/wiki/Park_ranger" title="Park ranger">National Park Service Interpretative Rangers</a>. The cave shelter includes the areas that were occupied by the prehistoric groups and features a <a href="/wiki/Diorama" title="Diorama">diorama</a> depicting activities of the occupants. The cave shelter is located about 300 yd (310 m) from the visitor center. It is accessed via by an elevated wooden <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk" title="Boardwalk">boardwalk</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russel_Cave_National_Monument_-_Boardwalk.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Russel_Cave_National_Monument_-_Boardwalk.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="113" /></a><figcaption>Boardwalk to cave shelter at Russell Cave National Monument</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russell_Cave">Russell Cave</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russell Cave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell Cave is one of the most extensive cave systems in Alabama, with more than 7 mi (11 km) of mapped passageways.<sup id="cite_ref-trav3_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trav3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the discovery of several rare species (including a species of scorpion that exists nowhere else in the world), recreational caving is no longer allowed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Walking_trails">Walking trails</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Walking trails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell Cave National Monument offers visitors two <a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">trails</a>: the Nature Trail, a 0.6-mile (.95 km) <a href="/wiki/Pavement_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavement (material)">paved</a> trail, and the Backcountry Trail, a 1.2-mile (1.9-km) dirt trail. Both trails provide good opportunities to observe the forest, <a href="/wiki/Wildflower" title="Wildflower">wildflowers</a>, and Montague Mountain. Points along the trails feature plants that were used by Native Americans for food, tools, and other daily necessities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_American_Festival">Native American Festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Native American Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each year during the first weekend in May, the Russell Cave National Monument hosts a Native American Festival, which includes performances of <a href="/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling">storytelling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dance" title="Ceremonial dance">dancing</a>, and Native American <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a> playing. A <a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">historical reenactment</a> of a Cherokee encampment is conducted. At this event and at other times throughout the year, demonstrations of Native American lifestyles and weaponry are conducted. Weapons demonstrations include <a href="/wiki/Flintknapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Flintknapper">flintknapping</a> to produce points (arrowheads), use of the atlatl for spear throwing, and use of a bow and arrow. Other demonstrations feature <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">wood carving</a>, handbuilding of <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Making_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Making fire">fire building</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Alabama_Birding_Trail">North Alabama Birding Trail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: North Alabama Birding Trail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/North_Alabama_Birding_Trail" title="North Alabama Birding Trail">North Alabama Birding Trail</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Alabama_Birding_Trail_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/74/North_Alabama_Birding_Trail_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="139" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the North Alabama Birding Trail</figcaption></figure> <p>Russell Cave National Monument is Site 44 on the Northeastern Loop of the North Alabama Birding Trail. The North Alabama Birding Trail is not a "trail" in the traditional sense of the word, but a series of mostly roadside stops throughout North Alabama that have been selected for their <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">birdwatching</a> characteristics. </p><p>Although many types of birds are present, this site is known for its <a href="/wiki/Tanager" title="Tanager">tanagers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Summer_tanager" title="Summer tanager">summer tanager</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_tanager" title="Scarlet tanager">scarlet tanager</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Yellow-billed_cuckoo" title="Yellow-billed cuckoo">yellow-billed cuckoo</a>. During <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migration</a>, almost any species of <a href="/wiki/New_World_warbler" title="New World warbler">eastern warbler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vireo" title="Vireo">vireo</a> can be spotted in the park. The prime seasons for watching the <a href="/wiki/Songbird" title="Songbird">songbirds</a> are spring, summer, and autumn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_monuments_of_the_United_States" title="List of national monuments of the United States">List of national monuments of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-area-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-area_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/lwcf/upload/NPS-Acreage-12-31-2011.xlsx">"Listing of acreage – December 31, 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLSX)</span>. Land Resource Division, National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listing+of+acreage+%E2%80%93+December+31%2C+2011&rft.pub=Land+Resource+Division%2C+National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Flwcf%2Fupload%2FNPS-Acreage-12-31-2011.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/lwcf/acreagereports.htm">National Park Service Acreage Reports</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-visits-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-visits_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/Reports/National">"NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPS+Annual+Recreation+Visits+Report&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firma.nps.gov%2FStats%2FReports%2FNational&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nris-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. July 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott_2004_p.-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scott_2004_p._4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2004" class="citation book cs1">Scott, David (2004). <i>Guide to the National Park Areas Eastern States</i>. Guilford, Conn: Globe Pequot Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7627-2988-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7627-2988-0"><bdi>0-7627-2988-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55075855">55075855</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+National+Park+Areas+Eastern+States&rft.place=Guilford%2C+Conn&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55075855&rft.isbn=0-7627-2988-0&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cave-db-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cave-db_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Madelaine" class="citation web cs1">Eric Madelaine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-sop.inria.fr/agos/sis/DB/world.bylength.html">"Long Caves of the World"</a>. World Cave Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long+Caves+of+the+World&rft.pub=World+Cave+Database&rft.au=Eric+Madelaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-sop.inria.fr%2Fagos%2Fsis%2FDB%2Fworld.bylength.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hack-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hack_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHack1974" class="citation conference cs1">Hack, John T. (1974). "Geology of Russell Cave". In John W. Griffin (ed.). <i>Investigations in Russell Cave (Publications in Archeology 13)</i>. National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior. p. 1628.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Geology+of+Russell+Cave&rft.btitle=Investigations+in+Russell+Cave+%28Publications+in+Archeology+13%29&rft.pages=1628&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%2C+U.S.+Department+of+Interior&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Hack&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gorp-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gorp_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gorp_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gorp_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gorp_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714124900/http://www.gorp.com/parks-guide/travel-ta-russell-cave-national-monument-sidwcmdev_067983.html">"Monuments - The Story of Russell Cave"</a>. GORP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorp.com/parks-guide/travel-ta-russell-cave-national-monument-sidwcmdev_067983.html">the original</a> on 2014-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monuments+-+The+Story+of+Russell+Cave&rft.pub=GORP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gorp.com%2Fparks-guide%2Ftravel-ta-russell-cave-national-monument-sidwcmdev_067983.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ruca-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ruca_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ruca_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ruca_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ruca_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/ruca/faqs.htm">"Russell Cave National Monument - Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. U.S. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russell+Cave+National+Monument+-+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fruca%2Ffaqs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matthews-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-matthews_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2007" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Larry E. (2007). <i>Caves of Chattanooga</i>. National Speleological Society. pp. 143–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-879961-27-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-879961-27-2"><bdi>978-1-879961-27-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caves+of+Chattanooga&rft.pages=143-145&rft.pub=National+Speleological+Society&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-879961-27-2&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Larry+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nps-geo-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nps-geo_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nps-geo_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nps-geo_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nps-geo_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061012134528/http://www2.nature.nps.gov/Geology/parks/ruca/index.cfm">"Geology Fieldnotes - Russell Cave National Monument"</a>. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.nature.nps.gov/Geology/parks/ruca/index.cfm">the original</a> on 2006-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geology+Fieldnotes+-+Russell+Cave+National+Monument&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nature.nps.gov%2FGeology%2Fparks%2Fruca%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-griffin-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-griffin_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-griffin_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-griffin_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-griffin_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-griffin_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-griffin_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin1996" class="citation book cs1">Griffin, John W. (1996). Patricia C. Griffin (ed.). <i>Fifty Years of Southeastern Archaeology: Selected Works of John W. Griffin</i>. University Press of Florida. pp. 137–159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-1420-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-1420-4"><bdi>0-8130-1420-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Years+of+Southeastern+Archaeology%3A+Selected+Works+of+John+W.+Griffin&rft.pages=137-159&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8130-1420-4&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clench-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clench_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClench1974" class="citation conference cs1">Clench, William J. (1974). "Mollusca from Russell Cave". In John W. Griffin (ed.). <i>Investigations in Russell Cave (Publications in Archeology 13)</i>. National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior. p. 8690.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Mollusca+from+Russell+Cave&rft.btitle=Investigations+in+Russell+Cave+%28Publications+in+Archeology+13%29&rft.pages=8690&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%2C+U.S.+Department+of+Interior&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Clench&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lee-devore-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lee-devore_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeIrven_DeVore1968" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Richard B.; Irven DeVore (1968). <i>Man the Hunter</i>. Aldine Transaction. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-202-33032-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-202-33032-X"><bdi>0-202-33032-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/153918642">153918642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+the+Hunter&rft.pub=Aldine+Transaction&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F153918642&rft.isbn=0-202-33032-X&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rft.au=Irven+DeVore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-service-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-service_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFService1966" class="citation book cs1">Service, Elman R. (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/huntersservrich"><i>The Hunters</i></a></span>. Prentice-Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hunters&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Service&rft.aufirst=Elman+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhuntersservrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osterweis-selig-london-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-osterweis-selig-london_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsterweis_SeligMarilyn_R._London1998" class="citation book cs1">Osterweis Selig, Ruth; Marilyn R. London (1998). <i>Anthropology Explored: The Best of Smithsonian AnthroNotes</i>. Smithsonian. pp. 184–186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56098-790-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56098-790-1"><bdi>1-56098-790-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropology+Explored%3A+The+Best+of+Smithsonian+AnthroNotes&rft.pages=184-186&rft.pub=Smithsonian&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-56098-790-1&rft.aulast=Osterweis+Selig&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Marilyn+R.+London&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnson-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-johnson_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1993" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Jay K. (1993). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentsouth00john"><i>The Development of Southeastern Archaeology</i></a></span>. University of Alabama Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentsouth00john/page/n153">143</a>–146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8173-0600-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8173-0600-5"><bdi>0-8173-0600-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Southeastern+Archaeology&rft.pages=143-146&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8173-0600-5&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jay+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdevelopmentsouth00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miller-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-miller_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1960" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Carl F. (1960). "The Use of Chenopodium Seeds as a Source of Food by the Early Peoples in Russell Cave, Alabama". <i>Southern Indian Studies</i>. <b>12</b>: 3132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Indian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Chenopodium+Seeds+as+a+Source+of+Food+by+the+Early+Peoples+in+Russell+Cave%2C+Alabama&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=3132&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Carl+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1985" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Bruce D. (1985). "The Role of Chenopodium as a Domesticate in Pre-Maize Garden Systems of the Eastern United States". <i>Southeastern Archeology</i>. <b>4</b>: 5172.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeastern+Archeology&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Chenopodium+as+a+Domesticate+in+Pre-Maize+Garden+Systems+of+the+Eastern+United+States&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=5172&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bruce+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-showcave-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-showcave_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-showcave_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.showcaves.com/english/usa/showcaves/Russell.html">"Russell Cave National Monument"</a>. <i>Show Caves of the United States</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Show+Caves+of+the+United+States&rft.atitle=Russell+Cave+National+Monument&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.showcaves.com%2Fenglish%2Fusa%2Fshowcaves%2FRussell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/ruca/index.htm">"Prehistoric Cultures"</a>, "National Park Service", November 4th, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosenberg-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rosenberg_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg1994" class="citation book cs1">Rosenberg, Kenneth A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wildernesspreser00rose_0/page/144"><i>Wilderness Preservation: A Reference Handbook</i></a></span>. ABC-Clio. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wildernesspreser00rose_0/page/144">144</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87436-731-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87436-731-X"><bdi>0-87436-731-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wilderness+Preservation%3A+A+Reference+Handbook&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87436-731-X&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwildernesspreser00rose_0%2Fpage%2F144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-griffith-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-griffith_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith1972" class="citation book cs1">Griffith, Lucille B. (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alabamadocumenta0000grif"><i>Alabama: A Documentary History to 1900</i></a></span>. University of Alabama Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alabamadocumenta0000grif/page/76">76</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8173-0371-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8173-0371-5"><bdi>0-8173-0371-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alabama%3A+A+Documentary+History+to+1900&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-8173-0371-5&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Lucille+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falabamadocumenta0000grif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-winters-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-winters_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinters1963" class="citation journal cs1">Winters, Howard D. (1963). "The Archaic Period". <i>Illinois Archaeological Society Bulletin</i>. <b>1</b>: 916.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+Archaeological+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Archaic+Period&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=916&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Winters&rft.aufirst=Howard+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/ruca/index.htm">"Russell Cave National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russell+Cave+National+Monument+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fruca%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natl-geo-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-natl-geo_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1967" class="citation journal cs1">Anonymous (1967). "Russell Cave Dedicated". <i>National Geographic</i>. <b>132</b>: 440–442.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Russell+Cave+Dedicated&rft.volume=132&rft.pages=440-442&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Anonymous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trav3-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trav3_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChipkin1992" class="citation news cs1">Chipkin, Harvey (1992-11-23). "State aims to lure ecotourists with its natural attractions". <i>Travel Weekly</i>. <q>Alabama's mysterious and beautiful caves and caverns include Sequoyah Caverns, Desoto Caverns, Rickwood Caverns and Russell Cave National Monument.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Travel+Weekly&rft.atitle=State+aims+to+lure+ecotourists+with+its+natural+attractions&rft.date=1992-11-23&rft.aulast=Chipkin&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_F._Phillips1956" class="citation journal cs1">Carl F. Phillips (1956). "Life 8,000 Years Ago Uncovered in an Alabama Cave". <i>National Geographic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Life+8%2C000+Years+Ago+Uncovered+in+an+Alabama+Cave&rft.date=1956&rft.au=Carl+F.+Phillips&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1980" class="citation journal cs1">Anonymous (1980). "Russell Cave, Haven of Early Man". <i>Southern Living</i>. <b>15</b>: 53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Living&rft.atitle=Russell+Cave%2C+Haven+of+Early+Man&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=53&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Anonymous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin1964" class="citation journal cs1">Griffin, John W. (1964). "Preliminary Report on Excavations at Russell Cave National Monument". <i>Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin</i>. <b>1</b>: 3335.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeastern+Archaeological+Conference+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Report+on+Excavations+at+Russell+Cave+National+Monument&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=3335&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrosvenor1958" class="citation journal cs1">Grosvenor, M. B. (1958). "National Geographic Society Presents Russell Cave to the American People". <i>National Geographic</i>. <b>113</b>: 438.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+Society+Presents+Russell+Cave+to+the+American+People&rft.volume=113&rft.pages=438&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Grosvenor&rft.aufirst=M.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2007" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Larry E. (2007). <i>Caves of Chattanooga</i>. National Speleological Society. pp. 141–160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-879961-27-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-879961-27-2"><bdi>978-1-879961-27-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caves+of+Chattanooga&rft.pages=141-160&rft.pub=National+Speleological+Society&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-879961-27-2&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Larry+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1957" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, C. F. (1957). "Radiocarbon Dates from an Early Archaic Deposit in Russell Cave, Alabama". <i>American Antiquity</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F277289">10.2307/277289</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/277289">277289</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162192868">162192868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquity&rft.atitle=Radiocarbon+Dates+from+an+Early+Archaic+Deposit+in+Russell+Cave%2C+Alabama&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=84&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162192868%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F277289%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F277289&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=C.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1958" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, C. F. (1958). "Russell Cave: New Light on Stone Age Life". <i>National Geographic</i>. <b>113</b>: 426–437.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Russell+Cave%3A+New+Light+on+Stone+Age+Life&rft.volume=113&rft.pages=426-437&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=C.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1994" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, William W. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alabamahistoryof0000unse"><i>Alabama: The History of a Deep South State</i></a></span>. University of Alabama Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8173-0714-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8173-0714-1"><bdi>0-8173-0714-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28634588">28634588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alabama%3A+The+History+of+a+Deep+South+State&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28634588&rft.isbn=0-8173-0714-1&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falabamahistoryof0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussell+Cave+National+Monument" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Cave_National_Monument&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russell_Cave_National_Monument" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Russell Cave National Monument">Russell Cave National Monument</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/ruca/">Russell Cave National Monument (Official National Park Service website)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northalabamabirdingtrail.com">Official North Alabama Birding Trail website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/parks/ruca/">Geology of Russell Cave (National Park Service)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alabama.travel/alabama-attractions/russell_cave_national_monument.html">Alabama Tourism Department official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template talk:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era#North_America" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Periods</a></i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">Post-Classic</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br /> cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alachua_culture" title="Alachua culture">Alachua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Beringian" title="Ancient Beringian">Ancient Beringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avonlea_culture" title="Avonlea culture">Avonlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baytown_culture" title="Baytown culture">Baytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Glade_culture" title="Belle Glade culture">Belle Glade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk_Creek_complex" title="Buttermilk Creek complex">Buttermilk Creek complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborn-Welborn_culture" title="Caborn-Welborn culture">Caborn-Welborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cades_Pond_culture" title="Cades Pond culture">Cades Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_Creek_culture" title="Calf Creek culture">Calf Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloosahatchee_culture" title="Caloosahatchee culture">Caloosahatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comond%C3%BA_complex" title="Comondú complex">Comondú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptford_culture" title="Deptford culture">Deptford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_culture" title="Fort Walton culture">Fort Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Kame_culture" title="Glacial Kame culture">Glacial Kame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hopewell_sites" title="List of Hopewell sites">List of Hopewell sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_complex" title="La Jolla complex">La Jolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_complex" title="Las Palmas complex">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Archaic" title="Maritime Archaic">Maritime Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippian_sites" title="List of Mississippian sites">List of Mississippian sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monongahela_culture" title="Monongahela culture">Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cordilleran_culture" title="Old Cordilleran culture">Old Cordilleran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneota" title="Oneota">Oneota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Arctic_tradition" title="Paleo-Arctic tradition">Paleo-Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_cultures" title="Plano cultures">Plano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ocher_people" title="Red Ocher people">Red Ocher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_Harbor_culture" title="Safety Harbor culture">Safety Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa-Swift_Creek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture">Santa Rosa-Swift Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steed-Kisker_culture" title="Steed-Kisker culture">Steed-Kisker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_Valley_culture" title="Suwannee Valley culture">Suwannee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchefuncte_site#Tchefuncte_culture" title="Tchefuncte site">Tchefuncte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzick_site" title="Anzick site">Anzick site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastian_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastian Site">Bastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Archeological_Site_(13WD50)" title="Benson Archeological Site (13WD50)">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Spring_Heritage_Center" title="Blue Spring Heritage Center">Blue Spring Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefish_Caves" title="Bluefish Caves">Bluefish Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bluff_Point_Stoneworks" title="The Bluff Point Stoneworks">The Bluff Point Stoneworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewster Site">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_Cave" title="Candelaria Cave">Candelaria Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Casa Grande Ruins National Monument">Casa Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coso_Rock_Art_District" title="Coso Rock Art District">Coso Rock Art District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_River_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Crystal River Archaeological State Park">Crystal River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Olla_(archaeological_site)" title="Cueva de la Olla (archaeological site)">Cueva de la Olla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutler_Fossil_Site" title="Cutler Fossil Site">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_site" title="Eaker site">Eaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Fin_del_Mundo" title="El Fin del Mundo">El Fin del Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vallecito" title="El Vallecito">El Vallecito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_Mounds_National_Monument" title="Effigy Mounds National Monument">Effigy Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etowah_Indian_Mounds" title="Etowah Indian Mounds">Etowah Indian Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Site">Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_site" title="Folsom site">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient_(Lebanon,_Ohio)" title="Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Center" title="Fort Center">Fort Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Juelson" title="Fort Juelson">Fort Juelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mounds_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Mounds Site">Four Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Archeological_District" title="Glenwood Archeological District">Glenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes_Point" title="Grimes Point">Grimes Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Blazes_archaeological_site" title="Helen Blazes archaeological site">Helen Blazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Bluff_site" title="Holly Bluff site">Holly Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horr%27s_Island" title="Horr's Island">Horr's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%C3%A1poca" title="Huápoca">Huápoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Marco" title="Key Marco">Key Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Village" title="Kimball Village">Kimball Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site" title="Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site">Kincaid Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomoki_Mounds" title="Kolomoki Mounds">Kolomoki Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Jackson_Mounds_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park">Lake Jackson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehner_Mammoth-Kill_Site" title="Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site">Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L'Anse aux Meadows">L'Anse aux Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynch_Quarry_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynch Quarry Site">Lynch Quarry Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmes_Rockshelter" title="Marmes Rockshelter">Marmes Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaning_Cavern" title="Moaning Cavern">Moaning Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorehead_Circle" title="Moorehead Circle">Moorehead Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Mounds" title="Morrison Mounds">Morrison Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moundville_Archaeological_Site" title="Moundville Archaeological Site">Moundville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_Cave" title="Mummy Cave">Mummy Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodena_site" title="Nodena site">Nodena site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_Mounds_National_Historical_Park" title="Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park">Ocmulgee Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_Fort_(Tennessee)" title="Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)">Old Stone Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orwell_Site_(Fergus_Falls,_Minnesota)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orwell Site (Fergus Falls, Minnesota)">Orwell site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Paquime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Bluff" title="Painted Bluff">Painted Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_Archeological_State_Park" title="Parkin Archeological State Park">Parkin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinson_Mounds" title="Pinson Mounds">Pinson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_Mounds_Archeological_State_Park" title="Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park">Plum Bayou Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks" title="Portsmouth Earthworks">Portsmouth Earthworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Bonito" title="Pueblo Bonito">Pueblo Bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassawek" title="Rassawek">Rassawek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_Canyon" title="Recapture Canyon">Recapture Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Styx_archaeological_site" title="River Styx archaeological site">River Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Island_complex" title="Roberts Island complex">Roberts Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Eagle" title="Rock Eagle">Rock Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hawk" title="Rock Hawk">Rock Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstock_Village_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenstock Village Site">Rosenstock Village</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Ruins" title="Salmon Ruins">Salmon Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_Mound" title="Serpent Mound">Serpent Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Paintings_of_Sierra_de_San_Francisco" title="Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco">Sierra de San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shell_ring_sites" title="List of shell ring sites">Shell ring sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stallings_Island" title="Stallings Island">Stallings Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Creek_Indian_Mound" title="Town Creek Indian Mound">Town Creek Indian Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_River_Mounds_State_Preserve" title="Turkey River Mounds State Preserve">Turkey River Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Sun_River_site" title="Upward Sun River site">Upward Sun River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velda_Mound" title="Velda Mound">Velda Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oak_Forest_Earthlodge_Site" title="West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site">West Oak Forest Earthlodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickiup_Hill" title="Wickiup Hill">Wickiup Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windover_Archeological_Site" title="Windover Archeological Site">Windover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterville_site" title="Winterville site">Winterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wupatki_National_Monument" title="Wupatki National Monument">Wupatki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Human<br />remains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzick-1" title="Anzick-1">Anzick-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Springs_Man" title="Arlington Springs Man">Arlington Springs Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl_Woman" title="Buhl Woman">Buhl Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennewick_Man" title="Kennewick Man">Kennewick Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brea_Woman" title="La Brea Woman">La Brea Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanderthal_Lady" title="Leanderthal Lady">Leanderthal Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Bone_Bed#Melbourne_Man" title="Melbourne Bone Bed">Melbourne Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Woman" title="Minnesota Woman">Minnesota Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1on_woman" title="Peñon woman">Peñon woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Cave_mummy" title="Spirit Cave mummy">Spirit Cave mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_man" title="Vero man">Vero man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pipe" title="Ceremonial pipe">Ceremonial pipe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanunpa" title="Chanunpa">Chanunpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_Revolution_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container Revolution (pottery)">Container Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_mound" title="Effigy mound">Effigy mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex#Birdman" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Falcon dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Horned Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre-Columbian_America#North_America" title="Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing">Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">N.A.G.P.R.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piasa" title="Piasa">Piasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Southeastern Ceremonial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Transoceanic contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_glyphs" title="Water glyphs">Water glyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_Alabama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Alabama" title="Template:Protected areas of Alabama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Alabama" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Alabama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Alabama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Alabama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Alabama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks<br />and Historic Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Bend_National_Military_Park" title="Horseshoe Bend National Military Park">Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen_National_Historic_Site" title="Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site">Tuskegee Airmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_University" title="Tuskegee University">Tuskegee Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_monuments_of_the_United_States" title="List of national monuments of the United States">National Monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_National_Monument" title="Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument">Birmingham Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders_National_Monument" title="Freedom Riders National Monument">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">National Forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conecuh_National_Forest" title="Conecuh National Forest">Conecuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talladega_National_Forest" title="Talladega National Forest">Talladega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_National_Forest" title="Tuskegee National Forest">Tuskegee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead_National_Forest" title="William B. Bankhead National Forest">William B. Bankhead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Secour_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge">Bon Secour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahaba_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge">Cahaba River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eufaula_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge">Eufaula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern_Cave_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge">Fern Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Cave_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge">Key Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Longleaf_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge">Mountain Longleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauta_Cave_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sauta Cave National Wildlife Refuge">Sauta Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watercress_Darter_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Watercress Darter National Wildlife Refuge">Watercress Darter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge">Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">Wilderness areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheaha_Wilderness" title="Cheaha Wilderness">Cheaha Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugger_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Dugger Mountain Wilderness">Dugger Mountain Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipsey_Wilderness" title="Sipsey Wilderness">Sipsey Wilderness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers" title="List of National Wild and Scenic Rivers">National Wild and Scenic Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sipsey_Fork_of_the_Black_Warrior_River" title="Sipsey Fork of the Black Warrior River">Sipsey Fork</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">Other protected areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_River_Canyon_National_Preserve" title="Little River Canyon National Preserve">Little River Canyon National Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace_Trail" title="Natchez Trace Trail">Natchez Trace Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhoti_National_Recreation_Trail" title="Pinhoti National Recreation Trail">Pinhoti National Recreation Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeks_Bay_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="Weeks Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve">Weeks Bay Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alabama_state_parks" title="List of Alabama state parks">State Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bladon_Springs_State_Park" title="Bladon Springs State Park">Bladon Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Springs_State_Park" title="Blue Springs State Park">Blue Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck%27s_Pocket_State_Park" title="Buck's Pocket State Park">Buck's Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Caverns_State_Park" title="Cathedral Caverns State Park">Cathedral Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_State_Park" title="Chattahoochee State Park">Chattahoochee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheaha_State_Park" title="Cheaha State Park">Cheaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewacla_State_Park" title="Chewacla State Park">Chewacla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_State_Park_(Alabama)" title="Chickasaw State Park (Alabama)">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Park_(Marbury,_Alabama)" title="Confederate Memorial Park (Marbury, Alabama)">Confederate Memorial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSoto_State_Park" title="DeSoto State Park">DeSoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florala_City_Park" title="Florala City Park">Florala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jackson_State_Park" title="Frank Jackson State Park">Frank Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_State_Park" title="Gulf State Park">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Wheeler_State_Park" title="Joe Wheeler State Park">Joe Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Guntersville_State_Park" title="Lake Guntersville State Park">Lake Guntersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Lurleen_State_Park" title="Lake Lurleen State Park">Lake Lurleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakepoint_State_Park" title="Lakepoint State Park">Lakepoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meaher_State_Park" title="Meaher State Park">Meaher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Sano_State_Park" title="Monte Sano State Park">Monte Sano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Mountain_State_Park" title="Oak Mountain State Park">Oak Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_M._Grist_State_Park" title="Paul M. Grist State Park">Paul M. Grist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickwood_Caverns_State_Park" title="Rickwood Caverns State Park">Rickwood Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Cooper_State_Park" title="Roland Cooper State Park">Roland Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tannehill_Ironworks" title="Tannehill Ironworks">Tannehill Ironworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Creek_State_Park" title="Wind Creek State Park">Wind Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alabama_state_forests" title="List of Alabama state forests">State Forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choccolocco_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choccolocco State Forest (page does not exist)">Choccolocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_A._Hauss_State_Forest_Nursery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward A. Hauss State Forest Nursery (page does not exist)">Hauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_State_Forest" title="Geneva State Forest">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_River_State_Forest" title="Little River State Forest">Little River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macon_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macon State Forest (page does not exist)">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weogufka_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weogufka State Forest (page does not exist)">Weogufka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Wildlife_Management_Areas" title="Alabama Wildlife Management Areas">Wildlife Management Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahaba_River_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Cahaba River Wildlife Management Area">Cahaba River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Lauderdale Wildlife Management Area">Lauderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile%E2%80%93Tensaw_River_Delta" title="Mobile–Tensaw River Delta">Mobile-Tensaw Delta-W L Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaillard_Island" title="Gaillard Island">Gaillard Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Department_of_Conservation_and_Natural_Resources" title="Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources">Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outdooralabama.com/">web</a>)</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_monuments_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Monuments_of_the_United_States" title="Template:National Monuments of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Monuments_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:National Monuments of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Monuments_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Monuments of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_monuments_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="Agate Fossil Beds National Monument">Agate Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibates_Flint_Quarries_National_Monument" title="Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument">Alibates Flint Quarries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniakchak_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve">Aniakchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Aztec Ruins National Monument">Aztec Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont%E2%80%93Paul_Women%27s_Equality_National_Monument" title="Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument">Belmont-Paul Women's Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_National_Monument" title="Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument">Birmingham Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington_National_Monument" title="Booker T. Washington National Monument">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_Island_Reef_National_Monument" title="Buck Island Reef National Monument">Buck Island Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Nelson_National_Monument" title="Camp Nelson National Monument">Camp Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_de_Chelly_National_Monument" title="Canyon de Chelly National Monument">Canyon de Chelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Krusenstern_National_Monument" title="Cape Krusenstern National Monument">Cape Krusenstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capulin_Volcano_National_Monument" title="Capulin Volcano National Monument">Capulin Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Casa Grande Ruins National Monument">Casa Grande Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castillo_de_San_Marcos" title="Castillo de San Marcos">Castillo de San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Castle Mountains National Monument">Castle Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Breaks_National_Monument" title="Cedar Breaks National Monument">Cedar Breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_E._Ch%C3%A1vez_National_Monument" title="César E. Chávez National Monument">César E. Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Young_Buffalo_Soldiers_National_Monument" title="Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument">Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiricahua_National_Monument" title="Chiricahua National Monument">Chiricahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Monument" title="Colorado National Monument">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve">Craters of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Postpile_National_Monument" title="Devils Postpile National Monument">Devils Postpile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Tower" title="Devils Tower">Devils Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_National_Monument" title="Dinosaur National Monument">Dinosaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_Mounds_National_Monument" title="Effigy Mounds National Monument">Effigy Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Malpais_National_Monument" title="El Malpais National Monument">El Malpais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Morro_National_Monument" title="El Morro National Monument">El Morro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_and_Mamie_Till-Mobley_National_Monument" title="Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument">Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florissant_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument">Florissant Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Frederica_National_Monument" title="Fort Frederica National Monument">Fort Frederica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Matanzas_National_Monument" title="Fort Matanzas National Monument">Fort Matanzas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pulaski_National_Monument" title="Fort Pulaski National Monument">Fort Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stanwix" title="Fort Stanwix">Fort Stanwix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Union_National_Monument" title="Fort Union National Monument">Fort Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Butte_National_Monument" title="Fossil Butte National Monument">Fossil Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders_National_Monument" title="Freedom Riders National Monument">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">George Washington Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver_National_Monument" title="George Washington Carver National Monument">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_National_Monument" title="Governors Island National Monument">Governors Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Portage_National_Monument" title="Grand Portage National Monument">Grand Portage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagerman_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument">Hagerman Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam_Pima_National_Monument" title="Hohokam Pima National Monument">Hohokam Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovenweep_National_Monument" title="Hovenweep National Monument">Hovenweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewel_Cave_National_Monument" title="Jewel Cave National Monument">Jewel Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Day_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="John Day Fossil Beds National Monument">John Day Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katahdin_Woods_and_Waters_National_Monument" title="Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument">Katahdin Woods and Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Beds_National_Monument" title="Lava Beds National Monument">Lava Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Bighorn_Battlefield_National_Monument" title="Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument">Little Bighorn Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_and_Myrlie_Evers_Home_National_Monument" title="Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument">Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Springs_Battlefield_National_Monument" title="Mill Springs Battlefield National Monument">Mill Springs Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montezuma_Castle_National_Monument" title="Montezuma Castle National Monument">Montezuma Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muir_Woods_National_Monument" title="Muir Woods National Monument">Muir Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Bridges_National_Monument" title="Natural Bridges National Monument">Natural Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_National_Monument" title="Navajo National Monument">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Caves_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve">Oregon Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_Pipe_Cactus_National_Monument" title="Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument">Organ Pipe Cactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph_National_Monument" title="Petroglyph National Monument">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_Spring_National_Monument" title="Pipe Spring National Monument">Pipe Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipestone_National_Monument" title="Pipestone National Monument">Pipestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Bridge_National_Monument" title="Rainbow Bridge National Monument">Rainbow Bridge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Pueblo_Missions_National_Monument" title="Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument">Salinas Pueblo Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotts_Bluff_National_Monument" title="Scotts Bluff National Monument">Scotts Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_1908_Race_Riot_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield 1908 Race Riot National Monument">Springfield 1908 Race Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument" title="Stonewall National Monument">Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Crater" title="Sunset Crater">Sunset Crater Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpanogos_Cave_National_Monument" title="Timpanogos Cave National Monument">Timpanogos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonto_National_Monument" title="Tonto National Monument">Tonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Lake_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Tule Lake National Monument">Tule Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Springs_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument">Tule Springs Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuzigoot_National_Monument" title="Tuzigoot National Monument">Tuzigoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_Coral_Reef_National_Monument" title="Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument">Virgin Islands Coral Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_Mammoth_National_Monument" title="Waco Mammoth National Monument">Waco Mammoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Walnut Canyon National Monument">Walnut Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wupatki_National_Monument" title="Wupatki National Monument">Wupatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca_House_National_Monument" title="Yucca House National Monument">Yucca House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/US_Forest_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="US Forest Service">US Forest Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Island_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty Island National Monument">Admiralty Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baaj_Nwaavjo_I%27tah_Kukveni_%E2%80%93_Ancestral_Footprints_of_the_Grand_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument">Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bears_Ears_National_Monument" title="Bears Ears National Monument">Bears Ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berryessa_Snow_Mountain_National_Monument" title="Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument">Berryessa Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browns_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Browns Canyon National Monument">Browns Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hale" title="Camp Hale">Camp Hale – Continental Divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_Rock_National_Monument" title="Chimney Rock National Monument">Chimney Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Sequoia_National_Monument" title="Giant Sequoia National Monument">Giant Sequoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misty_Fjords_National_Monument" title="Misty Fjords National Monument">Misty Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens_National_Volcanic_Monument" title="Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument">Mount St. Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry_National_Volcanic_Monument" title="Newberry National Volcanic Monument">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Dam_Disaster_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis Dam Disaster National Monument">Saint Francis Dam Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains_National_Monument" title="San Gabriel Mountains National Monument">San Gabriel Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_to_Snow_National_Monument" title="Sand to Snow National Monument">Sand to Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_and_San_Jacinto_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument">Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of<br />Land Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Fria_National_Monument" title="Agua Fria National Monument">Agua Fria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Kwa_Ame_National_Monument" title="Avi Kwa Ame National Monument">Avi Kwa Ame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baaj_Nwaavjo_I%27tah_Kukveni_%E2%80%93_Ancestral_Footprints_of_the_Grand_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument">Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basin_and_Range_National_Monument" title="Basin and Range National Monument">Basin and Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bears_Ears_National_Monument" title="Bears Ears National Monument">Bears Ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berryessa_Snow_Mountain_National_Monument" title="Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument">Berryessa Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browns_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Browns Canyon National Monument">Browns Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coastal_National_Monument" title="California Coastal National Monument">California Coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyons_of_the_Ancients_National_Monument" title="Canyons of the Ancients National Monument">Canyons of the Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Plain" title="Carrizo Plain">Carrizo Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade%E2%80%93Siskiyou_National_Monument" title="Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument">Cascade–Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve">Craters of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Ord National Monument">Fort Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Butte_National_Monument" title="Gold Butte National Monument">Gold Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon%E2%80%93Parashant_National_Monument" title="Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument">Grand Canyon–Parashant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase%E2%80%93Escalante_National_Monument" title="Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument">Grand Staircase–Escalante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironwood_Forest_National_Monument" title="Ironwood Forest National Monument">Ironwood Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_National_Monument" title="Jurassic National Monument">Jurassic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha-Katuwe_Tent_Rocks_National_Monument" title="Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument">Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Trails_National_Monument" title="Mojave Trails National Monument">Mojave Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_Mountains%E2%80%93Desert_Peaks_National_Monument" title="Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks National Monument">Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeys_Pillar_National_Monument" title="Pompeys Pillar National Monument">Pompeys Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Trackways_National_Monument" title="Prehistoric Trackways National Monument">Prehistoric Trackways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_del_Norte_National_Monument" title="Rio Grande del Norte National Monument">Río Grande del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Islands_National_Monument" title="San Juan Islands National Monument">San Juan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_to_Snow_National_Monument" title="Sand to Snow National Monument">Sand to Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_and_San_Jacinto_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument">Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert_National_Monument" title="Sonoran Desert National Monument">Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Missouri_River_Breaks_National_Monument" title="Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument">Upper Missouri River Breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Cliffs_National_Monument" title="Vermilion Cliffs National Monument">Vermilion Cliffs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">Other (<a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish and Wildlife Service">FWS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Energy">DOE</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Retirement_Home" title="Armed Forces Retirement Home">AFRH</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_World_War_II_National_Monument" title="Aleutian Islands World War II National Monument">Aleutian Islands World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castner_Range_National_Monument" title="Castner Range National Monument">Castner Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Reach_National_Monument" title="Hanford Reach National Monument">Hanford Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_Underground_Railroad_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument">Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianas_Trench_Marine_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas Trench Marine National Monument">Marianas Trench Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Working_Dog_Teams_National_Monument" title="Military Working Dog Teams National Monument">Military Working Dog Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Canyons_and_Seamounts_Marine_National_Monument" title="Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument">Northeast Canyons and Seamounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Remote_Islands_Marine_National_Monument" title="Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument">Pacific Remote Islands Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papah%C4%81naumoku%C4%81kea_Marine_National_Monument" title="Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument">Papahānaumokuākea Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_Cottage_at_the_Soldiers%27_Home" title="President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home">President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll_Marine_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Atoll Marine National Monument">Rose Atoll Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Lake_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Tule Lake National Monument">Tule Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Monuments_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Monuments of the United States">Full Detailed List</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_architectural_style_categories" title="National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories">Architectural style categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alabama" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alaska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arizona" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arkansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Colorado" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Connecticut" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Florida" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hawaii" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Idaho" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Illinois" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Louisiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maine" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maryland" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mississippi" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Missouri" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nebraska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nevada" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Hampshire" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Jersey" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Mexico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ohio" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oklahoma" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oregon" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhode_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tennessee" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Utah" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vermont" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_state" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington state">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_West_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wisconsin" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Puerto_Rico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by associated state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Palau" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Legation,_Tangier" title="American Legation, Tangier">American Legation, Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Preservation_Act" title="National Historic Preservation Act">National Historic Preservation Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Preservation_Fund" title="Historic Preservation Fund">Historic Preservation Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jails_and_prisons_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places">List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_college_buildings_listed_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places">University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/48px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/64px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_cave_sites,_rock_shelters_and_cave_paintings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_caves" title="Template:Prehistoric caves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_caves" title="Template talk:Prehistoric caves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_caves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric caves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_cave_sites,_rock_shelters_and_cave_paintings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave paintings</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paleoanthropological_sites" title="Category:Paleoanthropological sites">Paleoanthropological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cave_paintings" title="Category:Cave paintings">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_containing_pictograms" title="Category:Caves containing pictograms">Caves containing pictograms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_art_in_Europe" title="Category:Rock art in Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drachenh%C3%B6hle" title="Drachenhöhle">Drachenhöhle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudenus_cave" title="Gudenus cave">Gudenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurgrotte" title="Lurgrotte">Lurgrotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzofen_cave" title="Salzofen cave">Salzofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tischofer_Cave" title="Tischofer Cave">Tischofer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belle-Roche</li> <li>Claminforge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmerling_Caves" title="Schmerling Caves">Engis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goyet_Caves" title="Goyet Caves">Goyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naulette" title="Naulette">Naulette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_flint_mines_of_Spiennes" title="Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes">Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes</a></li> <li>Ramioul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scladina" title="Scladina">Scladina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_Cave" title="Spy Cave">Spy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trou_de_l%27Ab%C3%AEme" title="Trou de l'Abîme">Trou de l'Abîme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Bosnia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badanj_Cave" title="Badanj Cave">Badanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledenja%C4%8Da_Cave" title="Ledenjača Cave">Ledenjača</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Bulgaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacho_Kiro_cave" title="Bacho Kiro cave">Bacho Kiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devetashka_cave" title="Devetashka cave">Devetashka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozarnika" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozarnika">Kozarnika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magura_Cave" title="Magura Cave">Magura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utroba_Cave" title="Utroba Cave">Utroba Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grap%C4%8Deva_cave" title="Grapčeva cave">Grapčeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krapina_Neanderthal_site" title="Krapina Neanderthal site">Krapina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_Spila" title="Vela Spila">Vela Spila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindija_Cave" title="Vindija Cave">Vindija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuald%27s_Cave" title="Romuald's Cave">Romuald's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veternica_(cave)" title="Veternica (cave)">Veternica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetokremnos" title="Aetokremnos">Aetokremnos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Czech Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%A9rsk%C3%A1_Cave" title="Amatérská Cave">Amatérská</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BD%C4%8D%C3%AD_sk%C3%A1la_Cave" title="Býčí skála Cave">Býčí skála</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon%C4%9Bprusy_Caves" title="Koněprusy Caves">Koněprusy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AFlna_Cave" title="Kůlna Cave">Kůlna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlade%C4%8D_caves" title="Mladeč caves">Mladeč</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ipka" title="Šipka">Šipka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Cave" title="Wolf Cave">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Sites_and_Decorated_Caves_of_the_V%C3%A9z%C3%A8re_Valley" title="Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley">Vézère Valley World Heritage Site</a></dt> <dd>Bara Bahau</dd> <dd>Bernifal</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cap_Blanc_rock_shelter" title="Cap Blanc rock shelter">Cap Blanc</a></dd> <dd>Castel Merle <dl><dd>Abri Castanet</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reverdit_rockshelter" title="Reverdit rockshelter">Reverdit</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Les_Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil" title="Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil">Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil</a></dd> <dd>Abri Audi</dd> <dd>Abri Chadourne</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Les_Combarelles" title="Les Combarelles">Les Combarelles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon_rock_shelter" title="Cro-Magnon rock shelter">Cro-Magnon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Font-de-Gaume" title="Font-de-Gaume">Font-de-Gaume</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laugerie-Basse" title="Laugerie-Basse">Laugerie-Basse</a></dd> <dd>Laugerie-Haute</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Micoque" class="mw-redirect" title="La Micoque">La Micoque</a></dd> <dd>La Mouthe</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abri_Pataud" title="Abri Pataud">Pataud</a></dd> <dd>Abri du Poisson</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">La Madeleine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rouffignac_Cave" title="Rouffignac Cave">Rouffignac</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">Other World Heritage Sites</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other caves with decoration</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Arcy-sur-Cure" title="Caves of Arcy-sur-Cure">Arcy-sur-Cure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Gargas" title="Caves of Gargas">Gargas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cosquer_Cave" title="Cosquer Cave">Cosquer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grotte_de_Cussac" title="Grotte de Cussac">Cussac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Font%C3%A9chevade" title="Fontéchevade">Fontéchevade</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Chaire_a_Calvin" title="La Chaire a Calvin">La Chaire a Calvin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Marche_(cave)" title="La Marche (cave)">La Marche</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lombrives" title="Lombrives">Lombrives</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grotte_de_Gabillou" title="Grotte de Gabillou">Grotte de Gabillou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsoulas_Cave" title="Marsoulas Cave">Marsoulas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Le_Mas-d%27Azil" title="Le Mas-d'Azil">Le Mas-d'Azil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Mayri%C3%A8res_sup%C3%A9rieure" title="Cave of Mayrières supérieure">Mayrières supérieure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Niaux" title="Cave of Niaux">Niaux</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pair-non-Pair" title="Pair-non-Pair">Pair-non-Pair</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pech_Merle" title="Pech Merle">Pech Merle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roc-aux-Sorciers" title="Roc-aux-Sorciers">Roc-aux-Sorciers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grotte_du_Renne" title="Grotte du Renne">Renne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Trois-Fr%C3%A8res" title="Cave of the Trois-Frères">Trois Frères</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Villars_Cave" title="Villars Cave">Villars</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_France" title="List of caves in France">Other caves</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arago_cave" title="Arago cave">Arago</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aurignac" title="Cave of Aurignac">Aurignac</a></dd> <dd>Azé</dd> <dd>Balauzière</dd> <dd>Bonne-Femme</dd> <dd>Bouillon</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruniquel_Cave" title="Bruniquel Cave">Bruniquel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lamanon" title="Lamanon">Calès</a></dd> <dd>Cauna</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-aux-Saints" title="La Chapelle-aux-Saints">La Chapelle-aux-Saints</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Combe_Grenal" title="Combe Grenal">Combe Grenal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Ferrassie" title="La Ferrassie">La Ferrassie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Grotte_des_F%C3%A9es" title="La Grotte des Fées">Fées</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fontbr%C3%A9goua_Cave" title="Fontbrégoua Cave">Fontbrégoua</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grotte_du_Lazaret" title="Grotte du Lazaret">Lazaret</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Le_Moustier" title="Le Moustier">Le Moustier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Noisetier_Cave" title="Noisetier Cave">Noisetier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Quina" title="La Quina">La Quina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymonden" title="Raymonden">Raymonden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Le_Regourdou" title="Le Regourdou">Le Regourdou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rochereil" title="Rochereil">Rochereil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grotte_du_Vallonnet" title="Grotte du Vallonnet">Vallonnet</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Caves_and_Ice_Age_Art_in_the_Swabian_Jura" title="Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura">Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bockstein_Cave" title="Bockstein Cave">Bockstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geissenkl%C3%B6sterle" title="Geissenklösterle">Geissenklösterle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hohle_Fels" title="Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hohlenstein-Stadel" title="Hohlenstein-Stadel">Hohlenstein-Stadel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sirgenstein_Cave" title="Sirgenstein Cave">Sirgenstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vogelherd_Cave" title="Vogelherd Cave">Vogelherd</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other caves</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baumann%27s_Cave" title="Baumann's Cave">Baumann's</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brillenh%C3%B6hle" title="Brillenhöhle">Brillenhöhle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kleine_Feldhofer_Grotte" title="Kleine Feldhofer Grotte">Kleine Feldhofer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lichtenstein_Cave" title="Lichtenstein Cave">Lichtenstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ofnet_Caves" title="Ofnet Caves">Ofnet</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Tower_Cave" title="Devil's Tower Cave">Devil's Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Cave" title="Vanguard Cave">Vanguard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alepotrypa_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Alepotrypa cave">Alepotrypa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apidima_Cave" title="Apidima Cave">Apidima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphendou_Cave_petroglyphs" title="Asphendou Cave petroglyphs">Asphendou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia_Cave" title="Eileithyia Cave">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franchthi_Cave" title="Franchthi Cave">Franchthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleidi_Cave" title="Kleidi Cave">Kleidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalakkos" title="Megalakkos">Megalakkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petralona_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Petralona cave">Petralona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stravomyti" class="mw-redirect" title="Stravomyti">Stravomyti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theopetra_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Theopetra cave">Theopetra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baradla_cave" title="Baradla cave">Baradla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szelim_cave" title="Szelim cave">Szelim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_dell%27Addaura" title="Grotta dell'Addaura">Addaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arene_Candide" title="Arene Candide">Arene Candide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balzi_Rossi" title="Balzi Rossi">Balzi Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_del_Cavallo" title="Grotta del Cavallo">Cavallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbeddu_Cave" title="Corbeddu Cave">Corbeddu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Cave_(Otranto)" title="Deer Cave (Otranto)">Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_delle_Felci" title="Grotta delle Felci"><i>Felci</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paglicci_Cave" title="Paglicci Cave">Paglicci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romito_Cave" title="Romito Cave">Romito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripari_Villabruna" title="Ripari Villabruna">Villabruna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Cotte_de_St_Brelade" title="La Cotte de St Brelade">St Brelade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Kosovo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukuroshja_e_Fjetur_Cave" title="Bukuroshja e Fjetur Cave">Bukuroshja e Fjetur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Luxembourg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loschbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Loschbur">Loschbur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ar_Dalam" title="Għar Dalam">Għar Dalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocev_Kamen" title="Cocev Kamen">Cocev Kamen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svarthola" title="Svarthola">Svarthola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ob%C5%82azowa_Cave" title="Obłazowa Cave">Obłazowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Cave" title="Paradise Cave">Paradise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aroeira" title="Cave of Aroeira">Aroeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escoural_Cave" title="Escoural Cave">Escoural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furninha" title="Furninha">Furninha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrigo_do_Lagar_Velho" title="Abrigo do Lagar Velho">Lagar Velho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Rock-Art_Site_of_Pala_Pinta" title="Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Pala Pinta">Pala Pinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Pedra_Furada" title="Cave of Pedra Furada">Pedra Furada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Pego_do_Diabo" title="Cave of Pego do Diabo">Pego do Diabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Salemas" title="Cave of Salemas">Salemas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coliboaia_Cave" title="Coliboaia Cave">Coliboaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuciulat_Cave" title="Cuciulat Cave">Cuciulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C8%99tera_Muierilor" title="Peștera Muierilor">Muierilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C8%99tera_cu_Oase" title="Peștera cu Oase">Oase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhshtyrskaya_Cave" title="Akhshtyrskaya Cave">Akhshtyrskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chertovy_Vorota_Cave" title="Chertovy Vorota Cave">Chertovy Vorota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denisova_Cave" title="Denisova Cave">Denisova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatievka_Cave" title="Ignatievka Cave">Ignatievka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulgan-Tash_Cave" title="Shulgan-Tash Cave">Shulgan-Tash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezmaiskaya_cave" title="Mezmaiskaya cave">Mezmaiskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okladnikov_Cave" title="Okladnikov Cave">Okladnikov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEi-Prodan%27s_Cave" title="Hadži-Prodan's Cave">Hadži-Prodan's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C5%A1turina" title="Pešturina">Pešturina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risova%C4%8Da_Cave" title="Risovača Cave">Risovača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanica" title="Balanica">Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Slovakia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Certova_pec" title="Čertova pec">Čertova pec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domica_Cave" title="Domica Cave">Domica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasovsk%C3%A1_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasovská Cave">Jasovská</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betal_Rock_Shelter" title="Betal Rock Shelter">Betal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe" title="Divje Babe">Divje Babe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_Cave" title="Hell Cave">Pekel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potok_Cave" title="Potok Cave">Potok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain" title="Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain">Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira" title="Cave of Altamira">Altamira</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caves_in_Cantabria" title="Caves in Cantabria">Caves in Cantabria</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Chuf%C3%ADn" title="Cave of Chufín">Chufín</a></dd> <dd>Covalanas</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/La_Garma_cave_complex" title="La Garma cave complex">La Garma</a></dd> <dd>Hornos de la Peña</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Monte_Castillo" title="Caves of Monte Castillo">Monte Castillo</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_El_Castillo" title="Cave of El Castillo">El Castillo</a></dd> <dd>Las Chimeneas</dd> <dd>Las Monedas</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_La_Pasiega" title="Cave of La Pasiega">La Pasiega</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>El Pendo</dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tito_Bustillo_Cave" title="Tito Bustillo Cave">Tito Bustillo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altxerri" title="Cave of Altxerri">Altxerri</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santimami%C3%B1e" title="Santimamiñe">Santimamiñe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Los_Aviones" title="Cave of Los Aviones">Los Aviones</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin" title="Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin">Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site</a>)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cuevas_de_la_Ara%C3%B1a" title="Cuevas de la Araña">Araña</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roca_dels_Moros" title="Roca dels Moros">Roca dels Moros</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">Other World Heritage Sites</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Atapuerca_Mountains" title="Atapuerca Mountains">Atapuerca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Siega_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Siega Verde">Siega Verde</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other caves with decoration</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Bacinete" title="Cave of Bacinete">Bacinete</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Barranc_del_Migdia" title="Cave of the Barranc del Migdia">Barranc del Migdia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Las_Caldas_cave" title="Las Caldas cave">Las Caldas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Casares" title="Cueva de los Casares">Los Casares</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Maltravieso" title="Cave of Maltravieso">Maltravieso</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Murci%C3%A9lagos" title="Cueva de los Murciélagos">los Murciélagos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Nerja" title="Caves of Nerja">Nerja</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Ni%C3%B1o" title="Cave of Niño">Niño</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ojo_Guare%C3%B1a" title="Ojo Guareña">Ojo Guareña</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1as_de_Cabrera" title="Peñas de Cabrera">Peñas de Cabrera</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Pileta" title="Cueva de la Pileta">la Pileta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Praileaitz_Cave" title="Praileaitz Cave">Praileaitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidr%C3%B3n_Cave" title="Sidrón Cave">Sidrón</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Spain" title="List of caves in Spain">Other caves</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Angel" title="Cave of the Angel">Ángel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cueva_Ant%C3%B3n" title="Cueva Antón">Antón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Armintxe_Cave" title="Armintxe Cave">Armintxe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Axlor" title="Axlor">Axlor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Bedmar" title="Cave of Bedmar">Bedmar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roca_dels_Bous_(archaeological_site)" title="Roca dels Bous (archaeological site)">dels Bous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Don_Gaspar" title="Caves of Don Gaspar">Don Gaspar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Guanches" title="Cave of the Guanches">Guanches</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Mir%C3%B3n_Cave" title="El Mirón Cave">El Mirón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Catalina_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Catalina Cave (page does not exist)">Santa Catalina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_del_Valle_(Cantabria)" title="Cave del Valle (Cantabria)">del Valle</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Switzerland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotte_du_Bichon" title="Grotte du Bichon">Bichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildkirchli" title="Wildkirchli">Wildkirchli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verteba_Cave" title="Verteba Cave">Verteba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:lef">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aveline%27s_Hole" title="Aveline's Hole">Aveline's Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontnewydd_Palaeolithic_site" title="Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site">Bontnewydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathole_Cave" title="Cathole Cave">Cathole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coygan_Cave" title="Coygan Cave">Coygan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswell_Crags" title="Creswell Crags">Creswell Crags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough%27s_Cave" title="Gough's Cave">Gough's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathery_Burn_Cave" title="Heathery Burn Cave">Heathery Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Pasture_Cave" title="High Pasture Cave">High Pasture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrick%27s_Cave" title="Kendrick's Cave">Kendrick's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kents_Cavern" title="Kents Cavern">Kents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Hole_Cave" title="Long Hole Cave">Long Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch_Caves" title="Marble Arch Caves">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldbury_rock_shelters" title="Oldbury rock shelters">Oldbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portbraddon_Cave" title="Portbraddon Cave">Portbraddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lady_of_Paviland" title="Red Lady of Paviland">Red Lady of Paviland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand,_Applecross" title="Sand, Applecross">Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor%27s_Cave" title="Thor's Cave">Thor's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_Cavern" title="Windmill Hill Cavern">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_art_in_Asia" title="Category:Rock art in Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darra-e_Kur" title="Darra-e Kur">Darra-e Kur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Armenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_cave_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Areni-1 cave complex">Areni-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Azerbaijan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allar_Cave" title="Allar Cave">Allar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azykh_Cave" title="Azykh Cave">Azykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzeyir_cave" title="Buzeyir cave">Buzeyir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damjili_Cave" title="Damjili Cave">Damjili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C4%9Flar_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Tağlar Cave">Tağlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zar_Cave" title="Zar Cave">Zar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazma_Cave" title="Gazma Cave">Gazma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Cambodia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laang_Spean" title="Laang Spean">Laang Spean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baishiya_Karst_Cave" title="Baishiya Karst Cave">Baishiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyan_Cave" title="Fuyan Cave">Fuyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanyindong" title="Guanyindong">Guanyindong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luobi_Cave" title="Luobi Cave">Luobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianyuan_Cave" title="Tianyuan Cave">Tianyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianren_Cave" title="Xianren Cave">Xianren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchanyan_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuchanyan Cave">Yuchanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukoudian" title="Zhoukoudian">Zhoukoudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengpiyan_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengpiyan Cave">Zengpiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiren_Cave" title="Zhiren Cave">Zhiren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">East Timor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerimalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerimalai">Jerimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laili_(cave)" title="Laili (cave)">Laili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lene_Hara_cave" title="Lene Hara cave">Lene Hara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satsurblia_Cave" title="Satsurblia Cave">Satsurblia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambadevi_rock_shelters" title="Ambadevi rock shelters">Ambadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belum_Caves" title="Belum Caves">Belum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_shelters" title="Bhimbetka rock shelters">Bhimbetka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edakkal_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Edakkal Caves">Edakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudiyam_Cave" title="Gudiyam Cave">Gudiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahargarh_caves" title="Pahargarh caves">Pahargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikla" title="Tikla">Tikla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harimau_Cave" title="Harimau Cave">Harimau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h" title="Lubang Jeriji Saléh">Jeriji Saléh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Bua" title="Liang Bua">Liang Bua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettakere_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Pettakere cave">Pettakere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisitun_Cave" title="Bisitun Cave">Bisitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darband_Cave" title="Darband Cave">Darband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do-Ashkaft_Cave" title="Do-Ashkaft Cave">Do-Ashkaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshkaft-e_Siahoo" title="Eshkaft-e Siahoo">Eshkaft-e Siahoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huto_and_Kamarband_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Huto and Kamarband Caves">Huto and Kamarband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Bozi" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaleh Bozi">Qaleh Bozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwasi" title="Warwasi">Warwasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wezmeh" title="Wezmeh">Wezmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafteh" title="Yafteh">Yafteh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazar_Merd_Cave" title="Hazar Merd Cave">Hazar Merd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanidar_Cave" title="Shanidar Cave">Shanidar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amud_Cave" title="Amud Cave">Amud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaYonim_Cave" title="HaYonim Cave">HaYonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebara_Cave" title="Kebara Cave">Kebara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manot_Cave" title="Manot Cave">Manot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misliya_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Misliya cave">Misliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Me%27arot_Nature_Reserve" title="Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve">Nahal Me'arot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Hemar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahal Hemar">Nahal Hemar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Oren_(archaeological_site)" title="Nahal Oren (archaeological site)">Nahal Oren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qafzeh_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Qafzeh cave">Qafzeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Qesem Cave">Qesem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqefet_Cave" title="Raqefet Cave">Raqefet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Es_Skhul" class="mw-redirect" title="Es Skhul">Skhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabun_Cave" title="Tabun Cave">Tabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugharet_el-Zuttiyeh" title="Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh">Zuttiyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosegasawa_Cave" title="Kosegasawa Cave">Kosegasawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minatogawa_Man" title="Minatogawa Man">Minatogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muroya_Cave" title="Muroya Cave">Muroya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Czakai_Cave_Dwelling_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Ōzakai Cave Dwelling Site">Ōzakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinza-Abu_Cave_Man" title="Pinza-Abu Cave Man">Pinza-Abu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraho_Saonetabaru_Cave_Ruins" title="Shiraho Saonetabaru Cave Ruins">Shiraho Saonetabaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobayama_Cave" title="Tobayama Cave">Tobayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamashita_Cave_Man" title="Yamashita Cave Man">Yamashita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Jordan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_ed-Dubb" title="Iraq ed-Dubb">Iraq ed-Dubb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Laos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tham_An_Mah" title="Tham An Mah">Tham An Mah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_Pa_Ling_Cave" title="Tam Pa Ling Cave">Tam Pa Ling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelias_cave" title="Antelias cave">Antelias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeita_Grotto" title="Jeita Grotto">Jeita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukaba" title="Kaukaba">Kaukaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksar_Akil" title="Ksar Akil">Ksar Akil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Baalbek_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras Baalbek I">Ras Baalbek I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_El_Kelb" title="Ras El Kelb">Ras El Kelb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachcharini" title="Nachcharini">Nachcharini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Malaysia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niah_National_Park" title="Niah National Park">Niah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Mongolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoit_Tsenkher_Cave_Rock_Art" title="Khoit Tsenkher Cave Rock Art">Khoit Tsenkher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Myanmar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padah-Lin_Caves" title="Padah-Lin Caves">Padah-Lin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanghao_Cave" title="Sanghao Cave">Sanghao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuqba_cave" title="Shuqba cave">Shuqba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Philippines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callao_Cave" title="Callao Cave">Callao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanay_Cave" title="Kalanay Cave">Kalanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minori_Cave" title="Minori Cave">Minori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapuz_Lapuz_Cave" title="Lapuz Lapuz Cave">Lapuz Lapuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabon_Caves" title="Tabon Caves">Tabon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batadombalena" title="Batadombalena">Batadombalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Belilena">Belilena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa_Hien_Cave" title="Fa Hien Cave">Fa Hien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunugalagala_Limestone_Cave" title="Hunugalagala Limestone Cave">Hunugalagala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Thailand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pha_Taem_National_Park" title="Pha Taem National Park">Pha Taem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Cave,_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit Cave, Thailand">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tham_Lod_rockshelter" title="Tham Lod rockshelter">Tham Lod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Turkmenistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Dzhebel" title="Cave of Dzhebel">Dzhebel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Belbaşı">Belbaşı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karain_Cave" title="Karain Cave">Karain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave" title="Yarımburgaz Cave">Yarımburgaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Rakhmat_Grotto" title="Obi-Rakhmat Grotto">Obi-Rakhmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teshik-Tash" class="mw-redirect" title="Teshik-Tash">Teshik-Tash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Vietnam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Con_Moong_Cave" title="Con Moong Cave">Con Moong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dm" title="Ngườm">Ngườm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_art_in_Africa" title="Category:Rock art in Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gueldaman_caves" title="Gueldaman caves">Gueldaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Botswana</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsodilo" title="Tsodilo">Tsodilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manyana_Rock_Paintings" title="Manyana Rock Paintings">Manyana Rock Paintings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Cameroon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shum_Laka" title="Shum Laka">Shum Laka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">DR Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matupi_Cave" title="Matupi Cave">Matupi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Beasts" title="Cave of Beasts">Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Swimmers" title="Cave of Swimmers">Swimmers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Kenya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkapune_Ya_Muto" title="Enkapune Ya Muto">Enkapune Ya Muto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njoro_River_Cave" title="Njoro River Cave">Njoro River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Lesotho</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liphofung_Historical_Site" title="Liphofung Historical Site">Liphofung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haua_Fteah" title="Haua Fteah">Haua Fteah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uan_Muhuggiag" title="Uan Muhuggiag">Uan Muhuggiag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Hercules" title="Caves of Hercules">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifri_N%27Ammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifri N'Ammar">Ifri N'Ammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifri_N%27Amr_Ou_Moussa" title="Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa">Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifri_Oudadane" title="Ifri Oudadane">Ifri Oudadane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Irhoud" title="Jebel Irhoud">Jebel Irhoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelif_el_Boroud" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelif el Boroud">Kelif el Boroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taforalt" title="Taforalt">Taforalt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Mozambique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngalue" title="Ngalue">Ngalue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Namibia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_Cave" title="Apollo 11 Cave">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Lady_(Namibia)" title="The White Lady (Namibia)">The White Lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rop_rock_shelter" title="Rop rock shelter">Rop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Somaliland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhambalin" title="Dhambalin">Dhambalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaymoole" title="Dhaymoole">Dhaymoole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laas_Geel" title="Laas Geel">Laas Geel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">South Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Cradle of Humankind">Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bolt%27s_Farm" title="Bolt's Farm">Bolt's Farm</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cooper%27s_Cave" title="Cooper's Cave">Cooper's</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drimolen" title="Drimolen">Drimolen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gladysvale_Cave" title="Gladysvale Cave">Gladysvale</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gondolin_Cave" title="Gondolin Cave">Gondolin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Haasgat" title="Haasgat">Haasgat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kromdraai_fossil_site" title="Kromdraai fossil site">Kromdraai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Makapansgat" title="Makapansgat">Makapansgat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Malapa_Fossil_Site,_Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind">Malapa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Minnaar%27s_Cave" title="Minnaar's Cave">Minnaar's</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motsetsi" title="Motsetsi">Motsetsi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovers_Lake" title="Plovers Lake">Plovers Lake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_Cave" title="Rising Star Cave">Rising Star</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sterkfontein" title="Sterkfontein">Sterkfontein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Swartkrans" title="Swartkrans">Swartkrans</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other caves</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Border_Cave" title="Border Cave">Border</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boomplaas_Cave" title="Boomplaas Cave">Boomplaas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byneskranskop" title="Byneskranskop">Byneskranskop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cango_Caves" title="Cango Caves">Cango</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Diepkloof</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elands_Bay_Cave" title="Elands Bay Cave">Elands Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howieson%27s_Poort_Shelter" title="Howieson's Poort Shelter">Howieson's Poort</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Klasies_River_Caves" title="Klasies River Caves">Klasies River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melkhoutboom_Cave" title="Melkhoutboom Cave">Melkhoutboom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Bay_Cave" title="Nelson Bay Cave">Nelson Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pinnacle_Point" title="Pinnacle Point">Pinnacle Point</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stadsaal_Caves" title="Stadsaal Caves">Stadsaal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wonderwerk_Cave" title="Wonderwerk Cave">Wonderwerk</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Tanzania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kondoa_Rock-Art_Sites" title="Kondoa Rock-Art Sites">Kondoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahi_rock_art_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahi rock art sites">Bahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumba_Cave" title="Mumba Cave">Mumba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Uganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyero_rock_paintings" title="Nyero rock paintings">Nyero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Zambia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalemba_Rockshelter" title="Kalemba Rockshelter">Kalemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbwa_Caves" title="Mumbwa Caves">Mumbwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Zimbabwe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambata_Cave" title="Bambata Cave">Bambata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_and_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_art_in_North_America" title="Category:Rock art in North America">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_art_in_South_America" title="Category:Rock art in South America">South America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Argentina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_las_Manos" title="Cueva de las Manos">Cueva de las Manos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Aruba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadiriki_Caves" title="Quadiriki Caves">Quadiriki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Belize</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actun_Tunichil_Muknal" title="Actun Tunichil Muknal">Actun Tunichil Muknal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek_Cave" title="Barton Creek Cave">Barton Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Terror_Cave" title="Midnight Terror Cave">Midnight Terror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotto_of_the_Gentio" title="Grotto of the Gentio">Gentio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruta_de_Maquin%C3%A9" title="Gruta de Maquiné">Maquiné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caverna_da_Pedra_Pintada" title="Caverna da Pedra Pintada">Pedra Pintada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavernas_do_Perua%C3%A7u_National_Park" title="Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park">Peruaçu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruta_Rei_do_Mato" title="Gruta Rei do Mato">Rei do Mato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapa_do_Santo" title="Lapa do Santo">Santo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toca_da_Tira_Peia" title="Toca da Tira Peia">Toca da Tira Peia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluefish_Caves" title="Bluefish Caves">Bluefish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Lake_Cave" title="Charlie Lake Cave">Charlie Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Chile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_Fell" title="Cueva Fell">Fell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_del_Milod%C3%B3n_Natural_Monument" title="Cueva del Milodón Natural Monument">Milodón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Colombia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Abra" title="El Abra">El Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serran%C3%ADa_de_Chiribiquete#Protected_area" title="Serranía de Chiribiquete">Chiribiquete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedras_del_Tunjo_Archaeological_Park" title="Piedras del Tunjo Archaeological Park">Piedras del Tunjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1chica#Rock_art" title="Sáchica">Sáchica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequendama" title="Tequendama">Tequendama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibit%C3%B3" title="Tibitó">Tibitó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Cuba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosio_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrosio Cave">Ambrosio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calero_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calero Cave (page does not exist)">Calero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centella_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centella Cave (page does not exist)">Centella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cura_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cura Cave (page does not exist)">Cura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patana_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patana Cave (page does not exist)">Patana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluma_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluma Cave (page does not exist)">Pluma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hato_Caves" title="Hato Caves">Hato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Dominican Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomier_Caves" title="Pomier Caves">Pomier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Jamaica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Mile_Cave" title="Long Mile Cave">Long Mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Hol" title="Chan Hol">Chan Hol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxcatlan_Cave" title="Coxcatlan Cave">Coxcatlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzibilchaltun" title="Dzibilchaltun">Dzibilchaltún</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueva_de_las_Flechas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueva de las Flechas (page does not exist)">Las Flechas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frightful_Cave" title="Frightful Cave">Frightful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guil%C3%A1_Naquitz_Cave" title="Guilá Naquitz Cave">Guilá Naquitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Ox_Bel_Ha" title="Sistema Ox Bel Ha">Ox Bel Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxtotitl%C3%A1n" title="Oxtotitlán">Oxtotitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Sac_Actun" title="Sistema Sac Actun">Sac Actun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Peru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivateros" title="Chivateros">Chivateros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarrero_Cave" title="Guitarrero Cave">Guitarrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikimachay" title="Pikimachay">Pikimachay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qillqatani" title="Qillqatani">Qillqatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquepala_Caves" title="Toquepala Caves">Toquepala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27uqu_T%27uquyuq" title="T'uqu T'uquyuq">T'uqu T'uquyuq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Suriname</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werehpai" title="Werehpai">Werehpai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Research_Cave" title="Research Cave">Arnold Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Cave" title="Baker Cave">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonfire_Shelter" title="Bonfire Shelter">Bonfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Thistle_Cave_Archaeological_Site" title="Bull Thistle Cave Archaeological Site">Bull Thistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet_Cave" title="Burnet Cave">Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Creek_Rockshelter" title="Cherry Creek Rockshelter">Cherry Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Millennial_site" title="Colorado Millennial site">Colorado Millennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger_Cave" title="Danger Cave">Danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daugherty%27s_Cave_and_Breeding_Site" title="Daugherty's Cave and Breeding Site">Daugherty's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Creek_Rockshelter" title="Dry Creek Rockshelter">Dry Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango_Rock_Shelters_Archeology_Site" title="Durango Rock Shelters Archeology Site">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_Cave" title="Dust Cave">Dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutchess_Quarry_Cave_Site" title="Dutchess Quarry Cave Site">Dutchess Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rock_Cave" title="Fort Rock Cave">Fort Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franktown_Cave" title="Franktown Cave">Franktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatecliff_Rockshelter" title="Gatecliff Rockshelter">Gatecliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Cave" title="Graham Cave">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Cave" title="Hidden Cave">Hidden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Valley_Rock_Shelter" title="Hidden Valley Rock Shelter">Hidden Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogup_Cave" title="Hogup Cave">Hogup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Cave" title="Humboldt Cave">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Grange_Rock_Shelter" title="La Grange Rock Shelter">La Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper_Cave" title="Last Supper Cave">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Rock_Shelter" title="Levi Rock Shelter">Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoDaisKa_site" title="LoDaisKa site">LoDaisKa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovelock_Cave" title="Lovelock Cave">Lovelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park">Mammoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle%27s_Cave" title="Mantle's Cave">Mantle's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmes_Rockshelter" title="Marmes Rockshelter">Marmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martz_Rock_Shelters" title="Martz Rock Shelters">Martz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_Rock_Shelter" title="Modoc Rock Shelter">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_Cave" title="Mummy Cave">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Your_Knees_Cave" title="On Your Knees Cave">On Your Knees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Caves" title="Paisley Caves">Paisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendejo_Cave" title="Pendejo Cave">Pendejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictograph_Cave_(Billings,_Montana)" title="Pictograph Cave (Billings, Montana)">Pictograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockhouse_Cliffs_Rockshelters" title="Rockhouse Cliffs Rockshelters">Rockhouse Cliffs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_Cave" title="Sandia Cave">Sandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoup_Rock_Shelters" title="Shoup Rock Shelters">Shoup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisyphus_Shelter" title="Sisyphus Shelter">Sisyphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanfield-Worley_Bluff_Shelter" title="Stanfield-Worley Bluff Shelter">Stanfield-Worley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tainter_Cave" title="Tainter Cave">Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaquag_Rock_Shelters" title="Tomaquag Rock Shelters">Tomaquag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_Creek_Caves" title="Trail Creek Caves">Trail Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinchera_Cave_Archeological_District" title="Trinchera Cave Archeological District">Trinchera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventana_Cave" title="Ventana Cave">Ventana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Butte_Cave" title="Wilson Butte Cave">Wilson Butte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_art_of_Oceania" title="Category:Rock art of Oceania">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrakurrie_Cave" title="Abrakurrie Cave">Abrakurrie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acheron_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acheron Cave (page does not exist)">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballawinne_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballawinne Cave (page does not exist)">Ballawinne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beeton_Shelter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beeton Shelter (page does not exist)">Beeton Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beginner%27s_Luck_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beginner's Luck Cave (page does not exist)">Beginner's Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Cave" title="Blanche Cave">Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_Cave_(Tasmania)" title="Bone Cave (Tasmania)">Bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrup_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Burrup Peninsula">Burrup</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_Bay_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cave Bay Cave (page does not exist)">Cave Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliefden_Caves" title="Cliefden Caves">Cliefden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloggs_Cave" title="Cloggs Cave">Cloggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Lair" title="Devil's Lair">Devil's Lair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagles_Reach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagles Reach (page does not exist)">Eagles Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Cave" title="Fossil Cave">Fossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabarnmung" title="Gabarnmung">Gabarnmung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenolan_Caves#Indigenous_culture" title="Jenolan Caves">Jenolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koongine_Cave" title="Koongine Cave">Koongine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koonalda_Cave" title="Koonalda Cave">Koonalda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutikina_Cave" title="Kutikina Cave">Kutikina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mackintosh" title="Lake Mackintosh">Mackintosh 90/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madjedbebe" title="Madjedbebe">Madjedbebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_(Western_Australia)" title="Mammoth Cave (Western Australia)">Mammoth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mannalargenna_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mannalargenna Cave (page does not exist)">Mannalargenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudgegonga_rock_shelter" title="Mudgegonga rock shelter">Mudgegonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrawijinie_Cave" title="Murrawijinie Cave">Murrawijinie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murujuga" title="Murujuga">Murujuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naracoorte_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Naracoorte Caves">Naracoorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_II_cave" title="New Guinea II cave">New Guinea II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nunamira_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nunamira Cave (page does not exist)">Nunamira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORS_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORS 7 (page does not exist)">ORS 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragal_Caves" title="Tarragal Caves">Tarragal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubirr" title="Ubirr">Ubirr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wargata_Mina_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wargata Mina Cave (page does not exist)">Wargata Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warratyi" title="Warratyi">Warratyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warreen_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warreen Cave (page does not exist)">Warreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Caves" title="Wellington Caves">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gadao%27s_Cave" title="Gadao's Cave">Gadao's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlac_Pictograph_Cave" title="Mahlac Pictograph Cave">Mahlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talagi_Pictograph_Cave" title="Talagi Pictograph Cave">Talagi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Hawaii</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makauwahi_Cave" title="Makauwahi Cave">Makauwahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pindai_Caves" title="Pindai Caves">Pindai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moncks_Cave" title="Moncks Cave">Moncks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruakuri_Cave" title="Ruakuri Cave">Ruakuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chugai%27_Pictograph_Site" title="Chugai' Pictograph Site">Chugai'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Papua New Guinea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilu_Cave" title="Kilu Cave">Kilu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Samoa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falemauga_Caves" title="Falemauga Caves">Falemauga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Tuvalu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Nanumanga" title="Caves of Nanumanga">Nanumanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Cave</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves" title="List of caves">List of caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speleology" title="Speleology">Speleology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661092#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661092#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661092#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315528091">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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