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questionnaire</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: attribution questionnaire"> <meta name="keywords" content="attribution questionnaire"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="attribution questionnaire"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4543</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: attribution questionnaire</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4543</span> The Initiator Matters in Service Co-Recovery: Investigation on Attribution and Satisfaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Ching%20Tsai">Chia-Ching Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the literature, the positive effect of service co-recovery has been evidenced, and which customers’ attribution is the key successful factor has also been indicated. There is also literature investigating on initiation of co-recovery for finding out the superior way to co-recovery, and indicating co-recovery initiated by employees causes better effect of co-recovery. This research postulates the consequences of co-recovery by different initiators affect customers’ attribution and the resultant results. Thus, this research uses a 3x2 factorial design to investigate the impact of initiator of co-recovery and consequence of co-recovery on customers’ attribution and post-recovery satisfaction. The results show initiation of co-recovery has a significant influence on internal attribution, and the employee initiator causes the highest internal attribution. The consequences of co-recovery interact with initiators of co-recovery on internal attribution significantly. Moreover, internal attribution significantly affects post-recovery satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20co-recovery" title="service co-recovery">service co-recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initiation%20of%20co-recovery" title=" initiation of co-recovery"> initiation of co-recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution" title=" attribution"> attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-recovery%20satisfaction" title=" post-recovery satisfaction"> post-recovery satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78185/the-initiator-matters-in-service-co-recovery-investigation-on-attribution-and-satisfaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4542</span> Overconfidence and Self-Attribution Bias: The Difference among Economic Students at Different Stage of the Study and Non-Economic Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Jancurova">Vera Jancurova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> People are, in general, exposed to behavioral biases, however, the degree and impact are affected by experience, knowledge, and other characteristics. The purpose of this article is to study two of defined behavioral biases, the overconfidence and self-attribution bias, and its impact on economic and non-economic students at different stage of the study. The research method used for the purpose of this study is a controlled field study that contains questions on perception of own confidence and self-attribution and estimation of limits to analyse actual abilities. The results of the research show that economic students seem to be more overconfident than their non–economic colleagues, which seems to be caused by the fact the questionnaire was asking for predicting economic indexes and own knowledge and abilities in financial environment. Surprisingly, the most overconfidence was detected by the students at the beginning of their study (1st-semester students). However, the estimations of real numbers do not point out, that economic students have better results by the prediction itself. The study confirmed the presence of self-attribution bias at all of the respondents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20finance" title="behavioral finance">behavioral finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overconfidence" title=" overconfidence"> overconfidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-attribution" title=" self-attribution"> self-attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristics%20and%20biases" title=" heuristics and biases"> heuristics and biases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50982/overconfidence-and-self-attribution-bias-the-difference-among-economic-students-at-different-stage-of-the-study-and-non-economic-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4541</span> Trace Network: A Probabilistic Relevant Pattern Recognition Approach to Attribution Trace Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Xu">Jian Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaochun%20Yun"> Xiaochun Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongzheng%20Zhang"> Yongzheng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yafei%20Sang"> Yafei Sang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyu%20Cheng"> Zhenyu Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Network attack prevention is a critical research area of information security. Network attack would be oppressed if attribution techniques are capable to trace back to the attackers after the hacking event. Therefore attributing these attacks to a particular identification becomes one of the important tasks when analysts attempt to differentiate and profile the attacker behind a piece of attack trace. To assist analysts in expose attackers behind the scenes, this paper researches on the connections between attribution traces and proposes probabilistic relevance based attribution patterns. This method facilitates the evaluation of the plausibility relevance between different traceable identifications. Furthermore, through analyzing the connections among traces, it could confirm the existence probability of a certain organization as well as discover its affinitive partners by the means of drawing relevance matrix from attribution traces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution%20trace" title="attribution trace">attribution trace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20relevance" title=" probabilistic relevance"> probabilistic relevance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20attack" title=" network attack"> network attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attacker%20identification" title=" attacker identification"> attacker identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61350/trace-network-a-probabilistic-relevant-pattern-recognition-approach-to-attribution-trace-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4540</span> A Reasoning Method of Cyber-Attack Attribution Based on Threat Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Qiang">Li Qiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Ze-Ming"> Yang Ze-Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Bao-Xu"> Liu Bao-Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Zheng-Wei"> Jiang Zheng-Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing complexity of cyberspace security, the cyber-attack attribution has become an important challenge of the security protection systems. The difficult points of cyber-attack attribution were forced on the problems of huge data handling and key data missing. According to this situation, this paper presented a reasoning method of cyber-attack attribution based on threat intelligence. The method utilizes the intrusion kill chain model and Bayesian network to build attack chain and evidence chain of cyber-attack on threat intelligence platform through data calculation, analysis and reasoning. Then, we used a number of cyber-attack events which we have observed and analyzed to test the reasoning method and demo system, the result of testing indicates that the reasoning method can provide certain help in cyber-attack attribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasoning" title="reasoning">reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20networks" title=" Bayesian networks"> Bayesian networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber-attack%20attribution" title=" cyber-attack attribution"> cyber-attack attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kill%20Chain" title=" Kill Chain"> Kill Chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threat%20intelligence" title=" threat intelligence"> threat intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50175/a-reasoning-method-of-cyber-attack-attribution-based-on-threat-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4539</span> Attribution Theory and Perceived Reliability of Cellphones for Teaching and Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayowa%20A.%20Sofowora">Mayowa A. Sofowora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seraphin%20D.%20Eyono%20Obono"> Seraphin D. Eyono Obono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of information and communication technologies such as computers, mobile phones and the internet is becoming prevalent in today’s world; and it is facilitating access to a vast amount of data, services, and applications for the improvement of people’s lives. However, this prevalence of ICTs is hampered by the problem of low income levels in developing countries to the point where people cannot timeously replace or repair their ICT devices when damaged or lost; and this problem serves as a motivation for this study whose aim is to examine the perceptions of teachers on the reliability of cellphones when used for teaching and learning purposes. The research objectives unfolding this aim are of two types: objectives on the selection and design of theories and models, and objectives on the empirical testing of these theories and models. The first type of objectives is achieved using content analysis in an extensive literature survey, and the second type of objectives is achieved through a survey of high school teachers from the ILembe and Umgungudlovu districts in the KwaZuluNatal province of South Africa. Data collected from this questionnaire based survey is analysed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations after checking the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The main hypothesis driving this study is that there is a relationship between the demographics and the attribution identity of teachers on one hand, and their perceptions on the reliability of cellphones on the other hand, as suggested by existing literature; except that attribution identities are considered in this study under three angles: intention, knowledge and ability, and action. The results of this study confirm that the perceptions of teachers on the reliability of cellphones for teaching and learning are affected by the school location of these teachers, and by their perceptions on learners’ cellphones usage intentions and actual use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution" title="attribution">attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellphones" title=" cellphones"> cellphones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title=" e-learning"> e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability "> reliability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14971/attribution-theory-and-perceived-reliability-of-cellphones-for-teaching-and-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4538</span> Stigma and Discrimination toward Mental Illness: Translation and Validation of the Attribution Questionnaire-27 (AQ-27)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokcen%20Akyurek">Gokcen Akyurek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hulya%20Kayihan"> Hulya Kayihan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20Yuce"> Deniz Yuce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selen%20Yilmaz"> Selen Yilmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stigma towards mental illness is still very rooted in our society, despite the number of studies, campaigns, and anti-stigma programs developed in recent years. Stigma represents a serious obstacle to recovery and social integration for people who experience a mental illness, affecting directly their well-being and quality of life. It implies that these persons have to deal with many other barriers apart from the disease symptoms (1-5). Convergent, recent literature suggests that less positive attitudes by mental health professionals interfere with the self-determination and recovery process (4-10).The aim of this study was to translate the Attribution Questionnaire-27 (AQ-27) to the Turkish language (AQ-27-T), and to examine the reliability and validity of this new Turkish version. Cultural adaptation was implemented according to the internationally suggested method. To determine the understandability and appropriateness of this measure for the Turkish culture, a pretest was administered and the final form was generated. Then, 424 randomly chosen people took part in the study. Participant’s mean age was 36.9±12.7 years and %52 of them female. Cronbach's alpha and intra-class coefficients were used to estimate instrument reliability. The AQ-27-T was assessed again 14 days later for test retest reliability. The AQ-27-T demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 for the total scale and ranging between 0.86 and 0.89 for the items. The test-retest reliability was good, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.79 for the total scale and ranging between 0.35 and 0.77 for the items (p<0.05). Correlation between subscales was moderate-good, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.18-0.88 (p<0.05). Fit indices of the model supported the factor structure and paths. The AQ-27-T is a reliable measure to assess stigmatizing attitudes in Turkish. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution%20questionnaire" title="attribution questionnaire">attribution questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40371/stigma-and-discrimination-toward-mental-illness-translation-and-validation-of-the-attribution-questionnaire-27-aq-27" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4537</span> Effects of an Educative Model in Socially Responsible Behavior and Other Psychological Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gracia%20V.%20Navarro">Gracia V. Navarro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20V.%20Gonzalez"> Maria V. Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20G.%20Reed"> Carlos G. Reed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The eudaimonic perspective in philosophy and psychology suggests that a good life is closely related to developing oneself in order to contribute to the well-being and happiness of other people and of the world as a whole. Educational psychology can help to achieve this through the design and validation of educative models. Since 2004, the University of Concepcion and other Chilean universities apply an educative model to train socially responsible professionals, people that in the exercise of their profession contribute to generate equity for the development and assess the impacts of their decisions, opting for those that serve the common good. The main aim is to identify if a relationship exists between achieved learning, attitudes toward social responsibility, self-attribution of socially responsible behavior, value type, professional behavior observed and, participation in a specific model to train socially responsible (SR) professionals. The Achieved Learning and Attitudes Toward Social Responsibility Questionnaire, interview with employers and Values Questionnaire and Self-attribution of SR Behavior Questionnaire is applied to 394 students and graduates, divided into experimental and control groups (trained and not trained under the educative model), in order to identify the professional behavior of the graduates. The results show that students and graduates perceive cognitive, affective and behavioral learning, with significant differences in attitudes toward social responsibility and self-attribution of SR behavior, between experimental and control. There are also differences in employers' perceptions about the professional practice of those who were trained under the model and those who were not. It is concluded that the educative model has an impact on the learning of social responsibility and educates for a full life. It is also concluded that it is necessary to identify mediating variables of the model effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educative%20model" title="educative model">educative model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20life" title=" good life"> good life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20social%20responsibility" title=" professional social responsibility"> professional social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=values" title=" values"> values</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56996/effects-of-an-educative-model-in-socially-responsible-behavior-and-other-psychological-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4536</span> Exploring Syntactic and Semantic Features for Text-Based Authorship Attribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiyan%20Wu">Haiyan Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Liu"> Ying Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaoyun%20Shi"> Shaoyun Shi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Authorship attribution is to extract features to identify authors of anonymous documents. Many previous works on authorship attribution focus on statistical style features (e.g., sentence/word length), content features (e.g., frequent words, n-grams). Modeling these features by regression or some transparent machine learning methods gives a portrait of the authors' writing style. But these methods do not capture the syntactic (e.g., dependency relationship) or semantic (e.g., topics) information. In recent years, some researchers model syntactic trees or latent semantic information by neural networks. However, few works take them together. Besides, predictions by neural networks are difficult to explain, which is vital in authorship attribution tasks. In this paper, we not only utilize the statistical style and content features but also take advantage of both syntactic and semantic features. Different from an end-to-end neural model, feature selection and prediction are two steps in our method. An attentive n-gram network is utilized to select useful features, and logistic regression is applied to give prediction and understandable representation of writing style. Experiments show that our extracted features can improve the state-of-the-art methods on three benchmark datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authorship%20attribution" title="authorship attribution">authorship attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention%20mechanism" title=" attention mechanism"> attention mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntactic%20feature" title=" syntactic feature"> syntactic feature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129270/exploring-syntactic-and-semantic-features-for-text-based-authorship-attribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4535</span> Estimating View-Through Ad Attribution from User Surveys Using Convex Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhan%20Lin">Yuhan Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohan%20Kekatpure"> Rohan Kekatpure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassidy%20Yeung"> Cassidy Yeung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Digital Marketing, robust quantification of View-through attribution (VTA) is necessary for evaluating channel effectiveness. VTA occurs when a product purchase is aided by an Ad but without an explicit click (e.g. a TV ad). A lack of a tracking mechanism makes VTA estimation challenging. Most prevalent VTA estimation techniques rely on post-purchase in-product user surveys. User surveys enable the calculation of channel multipliers, which are the ratio of the view-attributed to the click-attributed purchases of each marketing channel. Channel multipliers thus provide a way to estimate the unknown VTA for a channel from its known click attribution. In this work, we use Convex Optimization to compute channel multipliers in a way that enables a mathematical encoding of the expected channel behavior. Large fluctuations in channel attributions often result from overfitting the calculations to user surveys. Casting channel attribution as a Convex Optimization problem allows an introduction of constraints that limit such fluctuations. The result of our study is a distribution of channel multipliers across the entire marketing funnel, with important implications for marketing spend optimization. Our technique can be broadly applied to estimate Ad effectiveness in a privacy-centric world that increasingly limits user tracking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20marketing" title="digital marketing">digital marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey%20analysis" title=" survey analysis"> survey analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20research" title=" operational research"> operational research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convex%20optimization" title=" convex optimization"> convex optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20attribution" title=" channel attribution"> channel attribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149140/estimating-view-through-ad-attribution-from-user-surveys-using-convex-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4534</span> Authorship Attribution Using Sociolinguistic Profiling When Considering Civil and Criminal Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20A.%20Sokolova">Diana A. Sokolova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article is devoted to one of the possibilities for identifying the author of an oral or written text - sociolinguistic profiling. Sociolinguistic profiling is utilized as a forensic linguistics technique to identify individuals through language patterns, particularly in criminal cases. It examines how social factors influence language use. This study aims to showcase the significance of linguistic profiling for attributing authorship in texts and emphasizes the necessity for its continuous enhancement while considering its strengths and weaknesses. The study employs semantic-syntactic, lexical-semantic, linguopragmatic, logical, presupposition, authorization, and content analysis methods to investigate linguistic profiling. The research highlights the relevance of sociolinguistic profiling in authorship attribution and underscores the importance of ongoing refinement of the technique, considering its limitations. This study emphasizes the practical application of linguistic profiling in legal settings and underscores the impact of social factors on language use, contributing to the field of forensic linguistics. Data collection involves collecting oral and written texts from criminal and civil court cases to analyze language patterns for authorship attribution. The collected data is analyzed using various linguistic analysis methods to identify individual characteristics and patterns that can aid in authorship attribution. The study addresses the effectiveness of sociolinguistic profiling in identifying authors of texts and explores the impact of social factors on language use in legal contexts. In spite of advantages challenges in linguistics profiling have spurred debates and controversies in academic circles, legal environments, and the public sphere. So, this research highlights the significance of sociolinguistic profiling in authorship attribution and emphasizes the need for further development of this method, considering its strengths and weaknesses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authorship%20attribution" title="authorship attribution">authorship attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection%20of%20identifying" title=" detection of identifying"> detection of identifying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialect" title=" dialect"> dialect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features" title=" features"> features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20linguistics" title=" forensic linguistics"> forensic linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20influence" title=" social influence"> social influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unique%20speech%20characteristics" title=" unique speech characteristics"> unique speech characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188208/authorship-attribution-using-sociolinguistic-profiling-when-considering-civil-and-criminal-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4533</span> As Evolved Mechanisms and Cultural Modeling Affect Child Gender Attribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefano%20Federici">Stefano Federici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Lepri"> Alessandro Lepri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonella%20Carrera"> Antonella Carrera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kessler and McKenna in the seventies, and recently Federici and Lepri investigated how an individual attributes gender to a person. By administering nudes of human figures, the scholars have found that the penis more than the vagina and the male sexual characteristics more than the female ones are significantly more salient in the gender attribution process. Federici and Lepri suggested that the asymmetrical salience of sexual characteristics is attributable to evolved decision-making processes for the solution of gender attribution problems to avoid the greatest danger of an (angry) adult male. The present study has observed the behaviour of 60 children, aged between 3 and 6 years, and their parents verifying whether the child gender attribution mechanisms are permeable to cultural stereotypes. The participating children were asked to make a male or a female on a tablet by combining 12 human physical characteristics (long hair, short hair, wide hips, narrow hips, breasts, flat chest, body hair, hairless body, penis, vagina, male face, and female face) and four cloths (male t-shirt, female t-shirt, pants, and skirt) by superimposing one or more of them on a sexually neutral manikin. On the tablet was installed an App, created by authors, to replicate the Kessler and McKenna and Federici and Lepri previous studies. One of the parents of each of the participating children was asked to make a male or a female using the same apparatus used by children. In addition, the participating parents were asked to complete a test, as proposed by Federici and Lepri in their previous study, to compare adult and child processes of gender attribution. The results suggested that children are affected both by evolved mechanisms as adults were (e.g., taking less time to make a male than a female, using the penis more often than the vagina), and by cultural modeling of parental and environmental gender stereotypes (e.g., the genitals were often covered with pants in case the delivery was to make a male and a skirt in the case was to make a female). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20sex" title="biological sex">biological sex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20biases" title=" cognitive biases"> cognitive biases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20modeling" title=" cultural modeling"> cultural modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20attribution" title=" gender attribution"> gender attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolved%20decision-making%20processes" title=" evolved decision-making processes"> evolved decision-making processes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129663/as-evolved-mechanisms-and-cultural-modeling-affect-child-gender-attribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4532</span> Pay Per Click Attribution: Effects on Direct Search Traffic and Purchases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toni%20Raurich-Marcet">Toni Raurich-Marcet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joan%20Llonch-Andreu"> Joan Llonch-Andreu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is focused on the relationship between Search Engine Marketing (SEM) and traditional advertising. The dominant assumption is that SEM does not help brand awareness and only does it in session as if it were the cost of manufacturing the product being sold. The study is methodologically developed using an experiment where the effects were determined to analyze the billboard effect. The research allowed the cross-linking of theoretical and empirical knowledge on digital marketing. This paper has validated this marketing generates retention as traditional advertising would by measuring brand awareness and its improvements. This changes the way performance and brand campaigns are split within marketing departments, effectively rebalancing budgets moving forward. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution" title="attribution">attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20marketing" title=" performance marketing"> performance marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketplaces" title=" marketplaces"> marketplaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147427/pay-per-click-attribution-effects-on-direct-search-traffic-and-purchases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4531</span> Investigating the Dimensions of Perceived Attributions in Making Sense of Failure: An Exploratory Study of Lebanese Entrepreneurs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghiwa%20Dandach">Ghiwa Dandach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By challenging the anti-failure bias and contributing to the theoretical territory of the attribution theory, this thesis develops a comprehensive process for entrepreneurial learning from failure. The practical implication of the findings suggests assisting entrepreneurs (current, failing, and nascent) in effectively anticipating and reflecting upon failure. Additionally, the process is suggested to enhance the level of institutional and private (accelerators and financers) support provided to entrepreneurs, the implications of which may improve future opportunities for entrepreneurial success. Henceforth, exploring learning from failure is argued to impact the potential survival of future ventures, subsequently revitalizing the economic contribution of entrepreneurship. This learning process can be enhanced with the cognitive development of causal ascriptions for failure, which eventually impacts learning outcomes. However, the mechanism with which entrepreneurs make sense of failure, reflect on the journey, and transform experience into knowledge is still under-researched. More specifically, the cognitive process of failure attribution is under-explored, majorly in the context of developing economies, calling for a more insightful understanding on how entrepreneurs ascribe failure. Responding to the call for more thorough research in such cultural contexts, this study expands the understanding of the dimensions of failure attributions as perceived by entrepreneurs and the impact of these dimensions on learning outcomes in the Lebanese context. The research adopted the exploratory interpretivism paradigm and collected data from interviews with industry experts first, followed by narratives of entrepreneurs using the qualitative multimethod approach. The holistic and categorical content analysis of narratives, preceded by the thematic analysis of interviews, unveiled how entrepreneurs ascribe failure by developing minor and major dimensions of each failure attribution. The findings have also revealed how each dimension impacts the learning from failure when accompanied by emotional resilience. The thesis concludes that exploring in-depth the dimensions of failure attributions significantly determines the level of learning generated. They are moving beyond the simple categorisation of ascriptions as primary internal or external unveiled how learning may occur with each attribution at the individual, venture, and ecosystem levels. This has further accentuated that a major internal attribution of failure combined with a minor external attribution generated the highest levels of transformative and double-loop learning, emphasizing the role of personal blame and responsibility on enhancing learning outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution" title="attribution">attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflection" title=" reflection"> reflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense-making" title=" sense-making"> sense-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20outcomes" title=" learning outcomes"> learning outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exit" title=" exit"> exit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144087/investigating-the-dimensions-of-perceived-attributions-in-making-sense-of-failure-an-exploratory-study-of-lebanese-entrepreneurs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4530</span> Real-Time Multi-Vehicle Tracking Application at Intersections Based on Feature Selection in Combination with Color Attribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Zhang">Qiang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaojian%20Hu"> Xiaojian Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In multi-vehicle tracking, based on feature selection, the tracking system efficiently tracks vehicles in a video with minimal error in combination with color attribution, which focuses on presenting a simple and fast, yet accurate and robust solution to the problem such as inaccurately and untimely responses of statistics-based adaptive traffic control system in the intersection scenario. In this study, a real-time tracking system is proposed for multi-vehicle tracking in the intersection scene. Considering the complexity and application feasibility of the algorithm, in the object detection step, the detection result provided by virtual loops were post-processed and then used as the input for the tracker. For the tracker, lightweight methods were designed to extract and select features and incorporate them into the adaptive color tracking (ACT) framework. And the approbatory online feature selection algorithms are integrated on the mature ACT system with good compatibility. The proposed feature selection methods and multi-vehicle tracking method are evaluated on KITTI datasets and show efficient vehicle tracking performance when compared to the other state-of-the-art approaches in the same category. And the system performs excellently on the video sequences recorded at the intersection. Furthermore, the presented vehicle tracking system is suitable for surveillance applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time" title="real-time">real-time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-vehicle%20tracking" title=" multi-vehicle tracking"> multi-vehicle tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20selection" title=" feature selection"> feature selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20attribution" title=" color attribution"> color attribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136438/real-time-multi-vehicle-tracking-application-at-intersections-based-on-feature-selection-in-combination-with-color-attribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4529</span> The Role of Situational Attribution Training in Reducing Automatic In-Group Stereotyping in Females</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Mironiuk">Olga Mironiuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Kossowska"> Małgorzata Kossowska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of Situational Attribution Training on reducing automatic in-group stereotyping in females. The experiment was conducted with the control of age and level of prejudice. 90 female participants were randomly assigned to two conditions: experimental and control group (each group was also divided into younger- and older-aged condition). Participants from the experimental condition were subjected to more extensive training. In the first part of the experiment, the experimental group took part in the first session of Situational Attribution Training while the control group participated in the Grammatical Training Control. In the second part of the research both groups took part in the Situational Attribution Training (which was considered as the second training session for the experimental group and the first one for the control condition). The training procedure was based on the descriptions of ambiguous situations which could be explained using situational or dispositional attributions. The participant’s task was to choose the situational explanation from two alternatives, out of which the second one presented the explanation based on neutral or stereotypically associated with women traits. Moreover, the experimental group took part in the third training session after two- day time delay, in order to check the persistence of the training effect. The main hypothesis stated that among participants taking part in the more extensive training, the automatic in-group stereotyping would be less frequent after having finished training sessions. The effectiveness of the training was tested by measuring the response time and the correctness of answers: the longer response time for the examples where one of two possible answers was based on the stereotype trait and higher correctness of answers was considered to be a proof of the training effectiveness. As the participants’ level of prejudice was controlled (using the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory), it was also assumed that the training effect would be weaker for participants revealing a higher level of prejudice. The obtained results did not confirm the hypothesis based on the response time: participants from the experimental group responded faster in case of situations where one of the possible explanations was based on stereotype trait. However, an interesting observation was made during the analysis of the answers’ correctness: regardless the condition and age group affiliation, participants made more mistakes while choosing the situational explanations when the alternative was based on stereotypical trait associated with the dimension of warmth. What is more, the correctness of answers was higher in the third training session for the experimental group in case when the alternative of situational explanation was based on the stereotype trait associated with the dimension of competence. The obtained results partially confirm the effectiveness of the training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female" title="female">female</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-group%20stereotyping" title=" in-group stereotyping"> in-group stereotyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prejudice" title=" prejudice"> prejudice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situational%20attribution%20training" title=" situational attribution training"> situational attribution training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72813/the-role-of-situational-attribution-training-in-reducing-automatic-in-group-stereotyping-in-females" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4528</span> Dual-Channel Reliable Breast Ultrasound Image Classification Based on Explainable Attribution and Uncertainty Quantification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haonan%20Hu">Haonan Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuge%20Lei"> Shuge Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dasheng%20Sun"> Dasheng Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huabin%20Zhang"> Huabin Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kehong%20Yuan"> Kehong Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Dai"> Jian Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jijun%20Tang"> Jijun Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the classification task of breast ultrasound images and conducts research on the reliability measurement of classification results. A dual-channel evaluation framework was developed based on the proposed inference reliability and predictive reliability scores. For the inference reliability evaluation, human-aligned and doctor-agreed inference rationals based on the improved feature attribution algorithm SP-RISA are gracefully applied. Uncertainty quantification is used to evaluate the predictive reliability via the test time enhancement. The effectiveness of this reliability evaluation framework has been verified on the breast ultrasound clinical dataset YBUS, and its robustness is verified on the public dataset BUSI. The expected calibration errors on both datasets are significantly lower than traditional evaluation methods, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed reliability measurement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20imaging" title="medical imaging">medical imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20imaging" title=" ultrasound imaging"> ultrasound imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XAI" title=" XAI"> XAI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty%20measurement" title=" uncertainty measurement"> uncertainty measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trustworthy%20AI" title=" trustworthy AI"> trustworthy AI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176771/dual-channel-reliable-breast-ultrasound-image-classification-based-on-explainable-attribution-and-uncertainty-quantification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4527</span> The Grammar of the Content Plane as a Style Marker in Forensic Authorship Attribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dayane%20de%20Almeida">Dayane de Almeida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims at presenting a study that demonstrates the usability of categories of analysis from Discourse Semiotics – also known as Greimassian Semiotics in authorship cases in forensic contexts. It is necessary to know if the categories examined in semiotic analysis (the ‘grammar’ of the content plane) can distinguish authors. Thus, a study with 4 sets of texts from a corpus of ‘not on demand’ written samples (those texts differ in formality degree, purpose, addressees, themes, etc.) was performed. Each author contributed with 20 texts, separated into 2 groups of 10 (Author1A, Author1B, and so on). The hypothesis was that texts from a single author were semiotically more similar to each other than texts from different authors. The assumptions and issues that led to this idea are as follows: -The features analyzed in authorship studies mostly relate to the expression plane: they are manifested on the ‘surface’ of texts. If language is both expression and content, content would also have to be considered for more accurate results. Style is present in both planes. -Semiotics postulates the content plane is structured in a ‘grammar’ that underlies expression, and that presents different levels of abstraction. This ‘grammar’ would be a style marker. -Sociolinguistics demonstrates intra-speaker variation: an individual employs different linguistic uses in different situations. Then, how to determine if someone is the author of several texts, distinct in nature (as it is the case in most forensic sets), when it is known intra-speaker variation is dependent on so many factors?-The idea is that the more abstract the level in the content plane, the lower the intra-speaker variation, because there will be a greater chance for the author to choose the same thing. If two authors recurrently chose the same options, differently from one another, it means each one’s option has discriminatory power. -Size is another issue for various attribution methods. Since most texts in real forensic settings are short, methods relying only on the expression plane tend to fail. The analysis of the content plane as proposed by greimassian semiotics would be less size-dependable. -The semiotic analysis was performed using the software Corpus Tool, generating tags to allow the counting of data. Then, similarities and differences were quantitatively measured, through the application of the Jaccard coefficient (a statistical measure that compares the similarities and differences between samples). The results showed the hypothesis was confirmed and, hence, the grammatical categories of the content plane may successfully be used in questioned authorship scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authorship%20attribution" title="authorship attribution">authorship attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20plane" title=" content plane"> content plane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20linguistics" title=" forensic linguistics"> forensic linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greimassian%20semiotics" title=" greimassian semiotics"> greimassian semiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraspeaker%20variation" title=" intraspeaker variation"> intraspeaker variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=style" title=" style"> style</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56959/the-grammar-of-the-content-plane-as-a-style-marker-in-forensic-authorship-attribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4526</span> Learner Awareness Levels Questionnaire: Development and Preliminary Validation of the English and Malay Versions to Measure How and Why Students Learn</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chee%20Choy">S. Chee Choy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pauline%20Swee%20Choo%20Goh"> Pauline Swee Choo Goh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yow%20Lin%20Liew"> Yow Lin Liew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to evaluate the English version and a Malay translation of the 21-item Learner Awareness Questionnaire for its application to assess student learning in higher education. The Learner Awareness Questionnaire, originally written in English, is a quantitative measure of how and why students learn. The questionnaire gives an indication of the process and motives to learn using four scales: survival, establishing stability, approval, and loving to learn. Data in the present study came from 680 university students enrolled in various programs in Malaysia. The Malay version of the questionnaire supported a similar four-factor structure and internal consistency to the English version. The four factors of the Malay version also showed moderate to strong correlations with those of the English versions. The results suggest that the Malay version of the questionnaire is similar to the English version. However, further refinement for the questions is needed to strengthen the correlations between the two questionnaires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20learning" title="student learning">student learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learner%20awareness" title=" learner awareness"> learner awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire%20development" title=" questionnaire development"> questionnaire development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument%20validation" title=" instrument validation "> instrument validation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27809/learner-awareness-levels-questionnaire-development-and-preliminary-validation-of-the-english-and-malay-versions-to-measure-how-and-why-students-learn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4525</span> Developing Artistic Concepts for Kindergarten Children in Egypt Using Graphic Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Yacoub">Mona Yacoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Amin%20Mousa"> Ahmed Amin Mousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current work presents a program for children in Egypt. This program involved a collection of artistic activities that purposes to improve some language, artistic skills of kindergarten children. The researchers have prepared a questionnaire for the link between the target group and the content. The questionnaire has been presented to experts for adjudicating. The program was applied to a group of 30 children. Another questionnaire has been prepared by the researchers for measuring the activities’ effect on the children. The second questionnaire was considered as the pre-test and post-test. Finally, after applying the activities and the questionnaire, the researchers detected a significant difference in favor of the post-test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Developing" title="Developing">Developing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concepts" title=" concepts"> concepts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kindergarten" title=" kindergarten"> kindergarten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic%20activities" title=" graphic activities"> graphic activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114297/developing-artistic-concepts-for-kindergarten-children-in-egypt-using-graphic-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4524</span> Beyond Recognition: Beliefs, Attitudes, and Help-Seeking for Depression and Schizophrenia in Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Adu">Peter Adu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: There is a paucity of mental health research in Ghana. Little is known about the beliefs and attitudes regarding specific mental disorders in Ghana. Method: A vignette study was conducted to examine the relationship between causal attributions, help-seeking, and stigma towards depression and schizophrenia using lay Ghanaians (N = 410). This adapted questionnaire presented two unlabelled vignettes about a hypothetical person with the above disorders for participants to provide their impressions. Next, participants answered questions on beliefs and attitudes regarding this person. Results: The results showed that causal beliefs about mental disorders were related to treatment options and stigma: spiritual causal attributions associated positively with spiritual help-seeking and perceived stigma for the mental disorders, whilst biological and psychosocial causal attribution of the mental disorders was positively related with professional help-seeking. Finally, contrary to previous literature, belonging to a particular religious group did not negatively associate with professional help-seeking for mental disorders. Conclusion: In conclusion, results suggest that Ghanaians may benefit from exposure to corrective information about depression and schizophrenia. Our findings have implications for mental health literacy and anti-stigma campaigns in Ghana and other developing countries in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title="stigma">stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health%20literacy" title=" mental health literacy"> mental health literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schizophrenia" title=" schizophrenia"> schizophrenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirituality" title=" spirituality"> spirituality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136543/beyond-recognition-beliefs-attitudes-and-help-seeking-for-depression-and-schizophrenia-in-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4523</span> Developing a Culturally Acceptable End of Life Survey (the VOICES-ESRD/Thai Questionnaire) for Evaluation Health Services Provision of Older Persons with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Pungchompoo">W. Pungchompoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Richardson"> A. Richardson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Brindle"> L. Brindle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The developing of a culturally acceptable end of life survey (the VOICES-ESRD/Thai questionnaire) is an essential instrument for evaluation health services provision of older persons with ESRD in Thailand. The focus of the questionnaire was on symptoms, symptom control and the health care needs of older people with ESRD who are managed without dialysis. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and adapt VOICES to make it suitable for use in a population survey in Thailand. Methods: The mixed methods exploratory sequential design was focussed on modifying an instrument. Data collection: A cognitive interviewing technique was implemented, using two cycles of data collection with a sample of 10 bereaved carers and a prototype of the Thai VOICES questionnaire. Qualitative study was used to modify the developing a culturally acceptable end of life survey (the VOICES-ESRD/Thai questionnaire). Data analysis: The data were analysed by using content analysis. Results: The revisions to the prototype questionnaire were made. The results were used to adapt the VOICES questionnaire for use in a population-based survey with older ESRD patients in Thailand. Conclusions: A culturally specific questionnaire was generated during this second phase and issues with questionnaire design were rectified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOICES-ESRD%2FThai%20questionnaire" title="VOICES-ESRD/Thai questionnaire">VOICES-ESRD/Thai questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20interviewing" title=" cognitive interviewing"> cognitive interviewing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20of%20life%20survey" title=" end of life survey"> end of life survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20services%20provision" title=" health services provision"> health services provision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20persons%20with%20ESRD" title=" older persons with ESRD"> older persons with ESRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49470/developing-a-culturally-acceptable-end-of-life-survey-the-voices-esrdthai-questionnaire-for-evaluation-health-services-provision-of-older-persons-with-end-stage-renal-disease-esrd-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4522</span> An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Strong Brand Questionnaire in Sport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Rezaei">Mona Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Honari"> Habib Honari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrzad%20Hamidi"> Mehrzad Hamidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Kiani"> Fatemeh Kiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Make strong brands has become a priority for many organizations in marketing. Brand is an important indicator of marketing status. Brand Strength is in kept customer, profit, brand development and gain competitive advantage and In fact it is a concept that was created from a consumer perspective. It is assumed that the creation of a strong brand is creating numerous marketing benefits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire the most strong sports brands in the consumer society. Questionnaire was conducted to a sample of 340 customers of sports brands. Psychometric parameters were determined by using appropriate statistical methods. The results of the factor analysis and Varimax rotation revealed five factors of strong brands. The results confirms that questionnaire structure have acceptable associated to the data and confirmed all indicators of the model. Reliability (859/0) was satisfactory. According to calculated psychometric indices, this questionnaire could be appropriate to assess the most strong sports brands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20brand" title=" strong brand"> strong brand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20brands" title=" sport brands"> sport brands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometric" title=" psychometric"> psychometric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48181/an-investigation-of-the-psychometric-properties-of-the-strong-brand-questionnaire-in-sport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4521</span> Development and Validation of Sense of Humor Questionnaire in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunshi%20Peng">Yunshi Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanshan%20Gao"> Shanshan Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Qin"> Sang Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The sense of humor is an integration of cognition, emotion and behavioral tendencies in the process of expressing humor. Previous studies evidenced the positive impact of sense of humor on promoting mental health. However, very few studies investigated this with Chinese populations. The absence of a validated questionnaire limits empirical research on sense of humor in China. This study aimed to develop a Chinese instrument to examine the sense of humor among college students in China. A pool of 72 items was developed by conducting a series of qualitative methods including open-ended questionnaire, individual interviews and literature analysis, followed by an expert rating. A total of 500 college students were recruited from 7 provinces in China to complete all 72 items. The factor structure of sense of humor was established and 25 items were eventually formed by utilizing the exploratory factor analyses (EFA). The questionnaire composed 4 subscales: humor comprehension, humor creativity, attitudes towards humor and optimism level. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) from a follow-up study with a different sample of 1200 colleges students showed good model fit. All subscales and the overall questionnaire display satisfying internal consistency. Correlations with criterion variables demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. The sense of humor questionnaire is a psychometrically-sound instrument for the population of college students in China. This is applicable for future studies to identify the structure of sense of humor and evaluate the levels of humor for individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20students" title="college students">college students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFA%20and%20CFA" title=" EFA and CFA"> EFA and CFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20of%20humor" title=" sense of humor"> sense of humor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43115/development-and-validation-of-sense-of-humor-questionnaire-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4520</span> Cyber Warfare and Cyber Terrorism: An Analysis of Global Cooperation and Cyber Security Counter Measures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mastoor%20Qubra">Mastoor Qubra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyber-attacks have frequently disrupted the critical infrastructures of the major global states and now, cyber threat has become one of the dire security risks for the states across the globe. Recently, ransomware cyber-attacks, wannacry and petya, have affected hundreds of thousands of computer servers and individuals’ private machines in more than hundred countries across Europe, Middle East, Asia, United States and Australia. Although, states are rapidly becoming aware of the destructive nature of this new security threat and counter measures are being taken but states’ isolated efforts would be inadequate to deal with this heinous security challenge, rather a global coordination and cooperation is inevitable in order to develop a credible cyber deterrence policy. Hence, the paper focuses that coordinated global approach is required to deter posed cyber threat. This paper intends to analyze the cyber security counter measures in four dimensions i.e. evaluation of prevalent strategies at bilateral level, initiatives and limitations for cooperation at global level, obstacles to combat cyber terrorism and finally, recommendations to deter the threat by applying tools of deterrence theory. Firstly, it focuses on states’ efforts to combat the cyber threat and in this regard, US-Australia Cyber Security Dialogue is comprehensively illustrated and investigated. Secondly, global partnerships and strategic and analytic role of multinational organizations, particularly United Nations (UN), to deal with the heinous threat, is critically analyzed and flaws are highlighted, for instance; less significance of cyber laws within international law as compared to other conflict prone issues. In addition to this, there are certain obstacles and limitations at national, regional and global level to implement the cyber terrorism counter strategies which are presented in the third section. Lastly, by underlining the gaps and grey areas in the current cyber security counter measures, it aims to apply tools of deterrence theory, i.e. defense, attribution and retaliation, in the cyber realm to contribute towards formulating a credible cyber deterrence strategy at global level. Thus, this study is significant in understanding and determining the inevitable necessity of counter cyber terrorism strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution" title="attribution">attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20infrastructure" title=" critical infrastructure"> critical infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20terrorism" title=" cyber terrorism"> cyber terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20cooperation" title=" global cooperation"> global cooperation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79819/cyber-warfare-and-cyber-terrorism-an-analysis-of-global-cooperation-and-cyber-security-counter-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4519</span> Rasch Analysis in the Development of 'Kohesif-Ques': An Instrument to Measure Social Cohesion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paramita%20Sekar%20Ayu">Paramita Sekar Ayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunjaya%20Deni%20Kurniadi"> Sunjaya Deni Kurniadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamazaki%20Chiho"> Yamazaki Chiho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilfi%20Lukman"> Hilfi Lukman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koyama%20Hiroshi"> Koyama Hiroshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social cohesion, or closeness among members of society, is an important determinant of population health. A cohesive society is a crucial societal condition for a positive life evaluation and subjective wellbeing, and people living in a cohesive society are happier and more satisfied with life and achieve better health status. The objective of this study was to compose and validate a questionnaire for measuring social cohesion with Rasch analysis. We develop a set of 13 questions to measure 4 dimensions of social cohesion. Random samples of 166 Bandung citizens’ were selected to answer the questionnaire. To evaluate the questionnaire’s validity and reliability, Rasch analysis (a psychometric model for analyzing categorical data on questionnaire responses) was carried out using Winsteps version 3.75.0. Rasch analysis was performed on the response given to 13 items included in the questionnaire. The reliability coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.70, model RMSE 0.08, SD 0.54, separation 7.14, and reliability of 0.98. ‘Kohesif-Ques’ is a useful instrument to assess social cohesion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rasch%20analysis" title="rasch analysis">rasch analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rasch%20model" title=" rasch model"> rasch model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cohesion" title=" social cohesion"> social cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quesionnaire" title=" quesionnaire"> quesionnaire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97217/rasch-analysis-in-the-development-of-kohesif-ques-an-instrument-to-measure-social-cohesion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4518</span> Attribution of Strategic Motive, Business Efficiencies, Firm Economies, and Market Factors as Motivations of Restaurant Industry Vertical Integration Adoption: A Structural Equation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sy">Sy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melecio%20Jr"> Melecio Jr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The decision to adopt vertical integration (VI) is firm-specific, but there is a common practice among businesses in an industry to maximize the massive potential benefits of VI. This study aims to determine VI adoption in the restaurant industry in Davao City. Using a two-step sampling process, the study used a validated survey questionnaire among 264 restaurant owners and managers randomly selected and geographically classified. It is a quantitative study where the data were subjected to a structural equation model (SEM). The results revealed that VI is present but limited to procurement, production, restaurant services, and online marketing. Raw materials were outsourced while delivery to customers through third-party delivery services. VI slowly increased over ten years except for online marketing, which has grown significantly in a few years. The endogenous and exogenous variables were correlated and established the linear regression model. The SEM's best fit model revealed that strategic motives (SMOT) and market factors (MFAC) influenced VI adoption while MFAC is the best predictor. Favorable market factors may lead restaurants to adopt VI. It is, thus, recommended for restaurants to institutionalize strategic management, quantify the impact of double marginalization in future studies as a reason for VI and conduct this study during the new normal to see the influence of business efficiencies and firm economies on VI adoption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20efficiencies" title="business efficiencies">business efficiencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20management" title=" business management"> business management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=davao%20city" title=" davao city"> davao city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20economies" title=" firm economies"> firm economies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20factors" title=" market factors"> market factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philippines" title=" philippines"> philippines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20motives" title=" strategic motives"> strategic motives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20model" title=" structural equation model"> structural equation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20integration%20adoption" title=" vertical integration adoption"> vertical integration adoption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151048/attribution-of-strategic-motive-business-efficiencies-firm-economies-and-market-factors-as-motivations-of-restaurant-industry-vertical-integration-adoption-a-structural-equation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4517</span> The Development and Validation of the Awareness to Disaster Risk Reduction Questionnaire for Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Phil%20Canlas">Ian Phil Canlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mageswary%20Karpudewan"> Mageswary Karpudewan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joyce%20Magtolis"> Joyce Magtolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosario%20Canlas"> Rosario Canlas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study reported the development and validation of the Awareness to Disaster Risk Reduction Questionnaire for Teachers (ADRRQT). The questionnaire is a combination of Likert scale and open-ended questions that were grouped into two parts. The first part included questions relating to the general awareness on disaster risk reduction. Whereas, the second part comprised questions regarding the integration of disaster risk reduction in the teaching process. The entire process of developing and validating of the ADRRQT was described in this study. Statistical and qualitative findings revealed that the ADRRQT is significantly valid and reliable and has the potential of measuring awareness to disaster risk reduction of stakeholders in the field of teaching. Moreover, it also shows the potential to be adopted in other fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20risk%20reduction" title=" disaster risk reduction"> disaster risk reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84861/the-development-and-validation-of-the-awareness-to-disaster-risk-reduction-questionnaire-for-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4516</span> Developing a Health Literacy Questionnaire in Breast Cancer </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lida%20Moghaddam-Banaem">Lida Moghaddam-Banaem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Tavoosi"> Mahmood Tavoosi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheila%20Khalili"> Soheila Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The main objective of this study was designing a breast cancer health literacy questionnaire and assess its psychometric properties. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed to develop a primary questionnaire consisting of five domains. Qualitative and quantitative content validity were assessed by relevant experts, and after some modifications, the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. Qualitative and quantitative face validity were evaluated by a number of patients, and the impact score for each item was calculated. 225 women with breast cancer were asked to fill out the questionnaire and construct validity was determined by using exploratory factor analysis. The reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: A 36-item questionnaire with five domains of reading, having access, understanding, assessing/judgment, and decision making/behavior was designed. 2 items were omitted in the qualitative content validity process. All items achieved optimum values in CVI, CVR and impact scores. Content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed too. According to the exploratory factor analysis, the five-factor solution accounted for 64.98 percent of the observed variance. Conclusion: Due to the obtained satisfactory validity and reliability, this tool can be used to assess health literacy in women with breast cancer. Health policy makers can use these findings for improving health-related behaviors in breast cancer patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20literacy" title="health literacy">health literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometric%20properties" title=" psychometric properties"> psychometric properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80054/developing-a-health-literacy-questionnaire-in-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4515</span> Comparison between Mental Toughness and Level of Physical Activity between Staff and Students in University of Tabriz</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahta%20Eskandarnejad">Mahta Eskandarnejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper was to compare physical activity and mental toughness in the staff and students of the University of Tabriz. 615 people participated in this study and filled demographic questionnaire, mental thoughness48 (MTQ48) questionnaire and habitual physical activity questionnaire (Baecke physical activity questionnaire). The research sample included 355 students and 260 staff (615 questionnaires). For analyzing hypotheses MANOVA, correlation and independent t-test were used. Based on the result; some subscales of mental toughness and physical activity were significantly related. The result showed the significant correlation between mental toughness and physical activity in student and no significant correlation in staff. Students were significantly physically more active than staff, and mental toughness was higher in staff. There was no difference in mental toughness variable between active participants (active staff and student). The results of this study showed that mental toughness could influence the way a person cope with living conditions. It is expected that mental toughness changes can lead to changing in levels of physical activity. It should be noted that the other variables should not be ignored. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baecke%20physical%20activity%20questionnaire" title="Baecke physical activity questionnaire">Baecke physical activity questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20toughness" title=" mental toughness"> mental toughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20staff" title=" university staff"> university staff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20student" title=" university student"> university student</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88198/comparison-between-mental-toughness-and-level-of-physical-activity-between-staff-and-students-in-university-of-tabriz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4514</span> Validity and Reliability of a Questionaire for Measuring Behaviour Change of Low Performance Employee</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazaila%20Binti%20Hassan">Hazaila Binti Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Yazid%20Bin%20Abu%20Bakar"> Abu Yazid Bin Abu Bakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salleh%20Amat"> Salleh Amat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is to get the validity and reliability of the questionnaire for behaviour change on low-performing officers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the behaviour of low performing officers. There are 75 items in this questionnaire which involves 5 subscales, which are the 5 dimensions intended to be studied: 1st emotional stability, 2nd psycho-spiritual enhancement, 3rd social skills development, 4th cognitive and rationality improvement and 5th behavioural alignment and adjustment. There are 2 processes in this research whereby to check the validity and reliability. Both use quantitative methods. Validity content testing has been conducted to validate the behavioural change questionnaire of the low performing officers. For the face validity, 4 people are involved, two are psychologists who carried out the program and the other two are officers of the same rank, i.e. supporting officers. They are involved in correction of sentences, languages, and grammar as well as the sentence structures so that it tallies with the purpose of studies. The questionnaire underwent content validity by the experts. Five experts are appointed to attend this session, 3 are directly involved in the construction of this questionnaire and 2 others are experts from the university with a background in questionnaire development. The result shows that the content validity obtained a high coefficient of 0.745 with a minimum and maximum value of more than 0.60 which satisfies the characteristic of Content Value Ratio. The Cronbach’s alpha result is 0.867. The highest scores are the behavioural alignment and adjustment sub-scale recorded the highest value, followed by social skills development sub-scale, cognitive and rational improvements sub-scale, psycho-spiritual enhancement sub-scale, and lastly emotional stability. Therefore, both of validity and reliability result were accepted that this questionnaire is valid and reliable can be used in the study of behaviour changes of low performing officers in the civil service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20validity" title="content validity">content validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five%20dimension" title=" five dimension"> five dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-performing%20officers" title=" low-performing officers"> low-performing officers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93882/validity-and-reliability-of-a-questionaire-for-measuring-behaviour-change-of-low-performance-employee" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution%20questionnaire&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribution%20questionnaire&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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