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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenmerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenmerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kenmerken</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kenmerken-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Kenmerken-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kenmerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grammatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Grammatica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialecten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialecten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dialecten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialecten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderzoek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderzoek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Onderzoek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderzoek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letteren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letteren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Letteren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letteren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voorbeelden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saterfries</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 60 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfries" title="Saterfries – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saterfries" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fris%C3%B3n_oriental" title="Frisón oriental – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Frisón oriental" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealterisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Sealterisc sprǣc – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sealterisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="فريزية سيترلاند – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريزية سيترلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Усходнефрызская мова – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Усходнефрызская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Усходнефрыская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Усходнефрыская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сатерландски фризийски език – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сатерландски фризийски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frizeg_ar_reter" title="Frizeg ar reter – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Frizeg ar reter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fris%C3%B3_oriental" title="Frisó oriental – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frisó oriental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sater-fr%C3%AD%C5%A1tina" title="Sater-fríština – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sater-fríština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfrisisk" title="Saterfrisisk – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saterfrisisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfriesische_Sprache" title="Saterfriesische Sprache – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saterfriesische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfrizi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Saterfrizišćina – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Saterfrizišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Φριζική γλώσσα του Σάτερλαντ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φριζική γλώσσα του Σάτερλαντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterland_Frisian_language" title="Saterland Frisian language – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Saterland Frisian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfrisa_lingvo" title="Saterfrisa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saterfrisa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_fris%C3%B3n_de_Saterland" title="Idioma frisón de Saterland – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma frisón de Saterland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialdeko_frisiera" title="Ekialdeko frisiera – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialdeko frisiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="زبان فریسی ساترلند – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فریسی ساترلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A4friisi" title="Itäfriisi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itäfriisi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfr%C3%ADsiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Saterfrísiskt mál – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Saterfrísiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frison_oriental" title="Frison oriental – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frison oriental" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saaterfrasch" title="Saaterfrasch – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saaterfrasch" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealterfrysk" title="Sealterfrysk – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sealterfrysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_frisoa_oriental" title="Lingua frisoa oriental – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua frisoa oriental" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeshlannish_Hiar" title="Freeshlannish Hiar – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Freeshlannish Hiar" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterland_Frisia-ng%C3%AE" title="Saterland Frisia-ngî – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Saterland Frisia-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterland_Frisian_bhasa" title="Saterland Frisian bhasa – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Saterland Frisian bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterlandski_frizijski_jezik" title="Saterlandski frizijski jezik – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saterlandski frizijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfrizi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Saterfrizišćina – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Saterfrizišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4_%D6%86%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Զաթերլանդ ֆրիզերեն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զաթերլանդ ֆրիզերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Frisia_Saterland" title="Bahasa Frisia Saterland – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Frisia Saterland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_frisone_di_Saterland" title="Lingua frisone di Saterland – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua frisone di Saterland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="東フリジア語 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="東フリジア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4" title="동프리슬란트어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동프리슬란트어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfries" title="Saterfries – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Saterfries" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryt%C5%B3_fryz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rytų fryzų kalba – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rytų fryzų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Затерландски фризиски јазик – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Затерландски фризиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="സതർലാന്റ് ഫ്രീസിയൻ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സതർലാന്റ് ഫ്രീസിയൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfreesche_Spraak" title="Saterfreesche Spraak – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Saterfreesche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selterfrais" title="Selterfrais – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Selterfrais" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfrisisk" title="Saterfrisisk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saterfrisisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seelterskan_kieli" title="Seelterskan kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Seelterskan kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_wschodniofryzyjski" title="Język wschodniofryzyjski – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język wschodniofryzyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_saterfriesisch" title="Lenga saterfriesisch – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga saterfriesisch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ساترلینڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ساترلینڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%ADsio_Oriental" title="Frísio Oriental – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frísio Oriental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Затерландский фризский язык – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Затерландский фризский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱥᱟᱴᱮᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱴᱮᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterland_Frisian_language" title="Saterland Frisian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saterland Frisian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeltersk" title="Seeltersk – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Seeltersk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfrisiska" title="Saterfrisiska – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saterfrisiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="சாதேர்லாந்து விரிசிய மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாதேர்லாந்து விரிசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาฟรีเชียซาเทอร์ลันท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฟรีเชียซาเทอร์ลันท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Східнофризька мова – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Східнофризька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4ivnouzfrizan_kel%27" title="Päivnouzfrizan kel' – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Päivnouzfrizan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨特弗里斯兰语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saterfries" title="Saterfries – Zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Saterfries" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨特弗里斯兰语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Saterfries<br />Seeltersk </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gesproken in </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Saterland" title="Saterland">Saterland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis">Landkreis</a> <a href="/wiki/Cloppenburg_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloppenburg (district)">Cloppenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksen" title="Nedersaksen">Nedersaksen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bedreigde_taal#UNESCO-indeling" title="Bedreigde taal">Vitaliteit</a> </th> <td colspan="2">3. Ernstig bedreigd </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sprekers </th> <td colspan="2">1000 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">Taalfamilie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56498116">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:20px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li.lastline{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul{margin-left:-1px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_talen" title="Indo-Europese talen">Indo-Europees</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_talen" title="Germaanse talen">Germaans</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <a href="/wiki/West-Germaanse_talen" title="West-Germaanse talen">West-Germaans</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <a href="/wiki/Ingveoonse_talen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingveoonse talen">Ingveoons</a> (Anglo-Fries) <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <a href="/wiki/Friese_talen" title="Friese talen">Fries</a> <ul><li><b>Saterfries</b></li> <li>Noord-Fries</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <span class="nowrap">Westlauwers Fries</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">Dialecten</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> geen</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet (hoofdbetekenis)">Alfabet</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Latijns_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latijns alfabet">Latijns</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Taalcodes </th></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-3 </th> <td colspan="2">stq </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Friesetaalgebied.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="friesetaalgebied" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Friesetaalgebied.png/266px-Friesetaalgebied.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Friesetaalgebied.png 1.5x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="235" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">friesetaalgebied</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Taal" title="Portaal:Taal">Taal</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Het <b>Saterfries</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Friese_talen" title="Friese talen">Friese taalvariant</a> die nog gesproken wordt door een minderheid van de inwoners van <a href="/wiki/Saterland" title="Saterland">Saterland</a> binnen <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksen" title="Nedersaksen">Nedersaksen</a>. De eigenbenaming is <b>Seeltersk;</b> in Duitsland wordt de taal aangeduid als <b>Saterfriesisch</b> of <b>Saterländisch</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Het Saterfries is het enige overblijfsel van het <a href="/wiki/Oosterlauwers_Fries" title="Oosterlauwers Fries">Oosterlauwers Fries</a>, dat tot het einde van de middeleeuwen in de <a href="/wiki/Ommelanden_(Groningen)" title="Ommelanden (Groningen)">Ommelanden</a> van <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(provincie)" title="Groningen (provincie)">provincie Groningen</a> en het graafschap <a href="/wiki/Oost-Friesland" title="Oost-Friesland">Oost-Friesland</a> gesproken werd. Met het teloorgaan van de <a href="/wiki/Friese_vrijheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Friese vrijheid">Friese vrijheid</a> en het door handelscontacten 'versaksischen' van de <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(stad)" title="Groningen (stad)">stad Groningen</a> gingen ook de <a href="/wiki/Ommelanden_(Groningen)" title="Ommelanden (Groningen)">Ommelanden</a> en de Oost-Friese streken gaandeweg van het Fries over op het <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">Nedersaksisch</a>, maar op een paar afgelegen plaatsen kon het zich handhaven. Een van die plaatsen was het Saterland, een zandeiland in een moeilijk doordringbaar veengebied. Ook op andere min of meer afgezonderde plaatsen hielden varianten van het Fries zich langer staande, zoals het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlingerlandfries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlingerlandfries (de pagina bestaat niet)">Harlingerlandfries</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Wurstfries" title="Wurstfries">Wurstfries</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Wangeroogs" title="Wangeroogs">Wangeroogs</a>, dat tot in de <a href="/wiki/20e_eeuw" title="20e eeuw">twintigste eeuw</a> heeft bestaan en merkwaardig genoeg het langst werd gesproken in een kolonie van eilanders op het vasteland (Neu Wangeroge). Dat het Saterlands het het langste uithield vindt een oorzaak in het geografisch en godsdienstig isolement. Naast het Lutherse en hervormd-Calvinistische Oost-Friesland vormde Saterland een rooms-katholieke enclave behorende tot het <a href="/wiki/Bisdom_M%C3%BCnster" title="Bisdom Münster">bisdom Münster</a>. </p><p>Het Saterfries wordt, eventueel samen met de bovengenoemde uitgestorven varianten, ook wel <i>Oostfries</i> genoemd. Hier wordt deze term echter gereserveerd voor het Nedersaksische dialect dat men in Oost-Friesland spreekt, juist zoals <i>Westfries</i> in Nederland gewoonlijk naar een <a href="/wiki/West-Fries_(dialectgroep)" title="West-Fries (dialectgroep)">streektaal in Noord-Holland</a> verwijst, niet naar het <a href="/wiki/Westerlauwers_Fries" title="Westerlauwers Fries">Westerlauwers Fries</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebruik">Gebruik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gebruik"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De taal was tot de <a href="/wiki/1950-1959" title="1950-1959">jaren 50</a> nog gebruikelijk in het Saterland. <a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a> nam al aan het einde van de 19de eeuw als omgangstaal toe, en werd afgelost door <a href="/wiki/Hoogduits" title="Hoogduits">Hoogduits</a> na de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a>. Een verzwakking van de oude taalgemeenschap was de emigratie van Saterlanders. Vluchtelingen uit de door <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> geannexeerde Duitse gebieden (zie <a href="/wiki/Verdrijving_van_Duitsers_na_de_Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Verdrijving van Duitsers na de Tweede Wereldoorlog">Verdrijving van Duitsers na de Tweede Wereldoorlog</a>), die in het Saterland werden ondergebracht, versterkten de positie van het <a href="/wiki/Hoogduits" title="Hoogduits">Hoogduits</a> en zij spraken in die taal met de Saterlanders. In de loop van de <a href="/wiki/1990-1999" title="1990-1999">jaren 90</a> begon de belangstelling voor het Saterfries weer op te leven: sommige ouders begonnen hun kinderen weer in het Saterfries op te voeden en stuurden hun kinderen naar scholen waar ze de taal als schoolvak leerden. Ook kreeg Saterfries een officiële status in die zin dat er tweetalige <a href="/wiki/Plaatsnaambord" title="Plaatsnaambord">plaatsnaamborden</a> verschenen. Het bleef beperkt tot deze symbolische <a href="/wiki/Meertaligheid" title="Meertaligheid">tweetaligheid</a>. </p><p>Het Saterfries wordt nog door een beperkt aantal mensen gesproken; schattingen lopen uiteen van circa 900 (in het <i>Unesco Red Book of Endangered Languages</i>) tot een paar duizend. De meeste sprekers zijn vijftigplussers. Emigranten worden hierbij niet meegerekend. In 2001 werd het aantal nog geschat op 5000, met een grote onzekerheidsmarge.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kenmerken">Kenmerken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kenmerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kenmerken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Saterfries is een Friese taal die verwantschap heeft met het <a href="/wiki/Westerlauwers_Fries" title="Westerlauwers Fries">Westerlauwers Fries</a>. Die verwantschap is soms overduidelijk in het woordbeeld aanwezig, maar meestal moet ze beredeneerd worden aan de hand van <a href="/wiki/Klankwet" title="Klankwet">klankwetten</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Oudfries" title="Oudfries">Oudfries</a>. De talen zijn dan ook onderling niet verstaanbaar, zodat het weinig zin heeft te spreken van één Friese taal, en dat geldt ook voor de <a href="/wiki/Noord-Fries" title="Noord-Fries">Noord-Friese</a> dialecten, die nog veel verder verwijderd zijn van zowel het Westerlauwers Fries als het Saterfries. Het Saterfries heeft ook invloed ondergaan van het omringende <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">Nedersaksisch</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammatica">Grammatica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Grammatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Grammatica"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Saterfries heeft, in tegenstelling tot het Westerlauwers Fries, drie woordgeslachten. De lidwoorden schikken zich naar het geslacht van hun zelfstandige naamwoord: <i>Di Mon</i>, <i>ju Fauene</i>, <i>dät Diert</i>, <i>doo Bäidene</i> ("de man, het meisje, het dier, de kinderen"). De gewone meervoudsuitgangen zijn <i>-e</i> voor mannelijk en onzijdig en <i>-en</i> voor vrouwelijk, net als in het (Neder-)Duits. Er is een rudiment bewaard gebleven van de <a href="/wiki/Datief" title="Datief">derde</a> en <a href="/wiki/Accusatief" title="Accusatief">vierde naamval</a> (lidwoord <i>dän</i> voor het mannelijk, overige geslachten geen verschil). </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Werkwoord" title="Werkwoord">werkwoorden</a> worden bij benadering zo vervoegd als in het Westerlauwers Fries, inclusief de twee klassen van zwakke werkwoorden (op <i>-e</i> en op <i>-je</i>). Een bijzonderheid is dat de derde persoon enkelvoud op <i>-d</i> uitgaat. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Telwoord" title="Telwoord">telwoorden</a> kennen een kleine bijzonderheid: de getallen één, twee en drie hebben aparte vormen voor vrouwelijk en onzijdig enerzijds en mannelijk anderzijds (1: <i>een/aan</i>; 2: <i>twoo/twäin</i>; 3: <i>t(r)joo/träi</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialecten">Dialecten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Dialecten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Dialecten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Doordat de Saterlanders altijd onder elkaar zijn gebleven, verschillen de spraken van de dorpen <a href="/wiki/Scharrel_(Saterland)" title="Scharrel (Saterland)">Scharrel</a> (<i>Schäddel</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ramsloh" title="Ramsloh">Ramsloh</a> (<i>Roomelse</i>) en <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%BCcklingen" title="Strücklingen">Strücklingen</a> (<i>Strukelje</i>) niet zeer veel van elkaar. De verschillen blijven beperkt tot de realisatie van een aantal tweeklanken (bijvoorbeeld <i>äi</i> of <i>öi</i>) en een zeer beperkt aantal woorden. In <a href="/wiki/Sedelsberg" title="Sedelsberg">Sedelsberg</a>, het vierde dorp uit de gemeente, wordt amper Saterfries gesproken - dit is namelijk een kolonie van na de Tweede Wereldoorlog gevluchte <a href="/wiki/Pommeren_(landstreek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pommeren (landstreek)">Pommeren</a>, die vanouds <a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a> spraken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderzoek">Onderzoek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Onderzoek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Onderzoek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Saterfries werd voor het eerst onderzocht door ene Detten, die in 1798 een woordenlijstje publiceerde. In de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">negentiende eeuw</a> richtten meer onderzoekers zich op de taal, waaronder de Nederlandse Friezen De Haan Hettema en Posthumus.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veel van deze onderzoekers tekenden volksverhalen op. Sinds de <a href="/wiki/1960-1969" title="1960-1969">jaren 60</a> wordt het onderzoek naar de taal gedomineerd door de Nederlander <a href="/wiki/Pyt_Kramer" title="Pyt Kramer">Pyt Kramer</a>, die onder meer een woordenboek publiceerde en zich tegenwoordig ook op het internet met de taal bezighoudt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letteren">Letteren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Letteren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Letteren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/1930-1939" title="1930-1939">jaren 30</a> werd door <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesina_Lechte-Siemer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gesina Lechte-Siemer (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gesina Lechte-Siemer</a> een voorzichtig begin gemaakt met literatuur in deze taal. De literatuur blijft echter beperkt tot streektaalrubrieken in een regionaal dagblad en daaruit samengestelde boekjes. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaretha_Grosser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaretha Grosser (de pagina bestaat niet)">Margaretha Grosser</a> uit Ramsloh is nog steeds een bekende naam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>1</dt> <dd><i>Seeltersk is ne Wäästgermaniske Sproake, ju fon soowät 2200 Moanskene boald wäd in Seelterlound in dät Wääste fon Ooldenbuurich (Niedersachsen), sun 50 km uur dät holloundske Scheed.</i></dd> <dt>2</dt> <dd>Saterfries: <i>Die Wänt strookede dät Wucht uum ju Keeuwe un oapede hier ap do Sooken.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Noord-Fries" title="Noord-Fries">Noord-Fries</a> (Mooring): <i>Di dreng aide dåt foomen am dåt kan än mäket har aw da siike.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Westerlauwers_Fries" title="Westerlauwers Fries">Westerlauwers Fries</a>: <i>De jonge streake it famke om it kin en tute har op 'e wangen.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oostfries_Nedersaksisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Oostfries Nedersaksisch">Oostfries Nederduits</a>: <i>De Jung straktde dat Wicht üm't Kinn to un tuutjede hör up de Wangen.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gronings" title="Gronings">Gronings</a>: <i>t Jong fleerde t wicht om kin tou en tuutjede heur op wangen.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a>: <i>De jongen aaide het meisje over haar kin en kuste haar op de wangen.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>: <i>Der Junge streichelte das Mädchen ums Kinn und küsste sie auf die Wangen.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Engels_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels (hoofdbetekenis)">Engels</a>: <i>The boy caressed the girl round the chin and kissed her on the cheeks.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deens" title="Deens">Deens</a>: <i>Drengen klappede pigen omkring hagen og kyssede hende på kinderne.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/West-Vlaams" title="West-Vlaams">West-Vlaams</a>: <i>De joengn streeëk over 't meistj' eur kinne en totteg' eur ip de koakn.</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Noors" title="Noors">Noors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a>): <i>Guten klappa jenta rundt haka og kyssa ho på kinna.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617215157/http://seelter.16mb.com/">Näie Seelter Siede</a>, een referentie voor de Saterfriese taal op het internet (met o.a. een grammatica [Duitstalig])</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070723175240/http://www.allezhop.de/frysk/seelter/index.htm">online Cursus Saterfries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617213354/http://seelter.16mb.com/woudebouk.htm">Woordenboek Saterfries-Duits</a> (naar P. Kramer, <i>Seelter Woudebouk</i>, Ljouwert 1961 (spelling aangepast)).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617211720/http://seelter.16mb.com/woudelisSK.htm">Wörterverzeichnis Deutsch-Saterfriesisch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seelter.16mb.com/woudelisSK.htm">Wörterverzeichnis Deutsch-Saterfriesisch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jörg Peters, ’<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317604546_Saterland_Frisian?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19">Saterfriesisch</a>’, in: Rahel Beyer & Albrecht Plewnia (red.), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ids-pub.bsz-bw.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/10176/file/Beyer_Plewnia_Handbuch_der_Sprachminderheiten_2020.pdf">Handbuch der Sprachminderheiten in Deutschland</a>,</i> Tübingen 2020, p. 139-170</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/het-fries-als-taalfamilie">Het Fries als taalfamilie</a>, kennislink.nl</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3052">Did you know Saterfriesisch is threatened?</a>. <i>Endangered Languages</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-02-11">11 februari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">De Haan Hettema, Jhr.mr. M en ds. Rinse Posthumus <i>Onze reis naar Sagelterland, benevens deszelfs geschiedenis, eene beschrijving van den aard, de zeden, de gewoonten enz. van deszelfs bewoners en eene korte schets en woordenlijst van hunne taal</i>. Franeker: 1836. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/onzereisnaarsag01postgoog/onzereisnaarsag01postgoog_djvu.txt">online tekst</a> in het <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4134820-5">4134820-5</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/25px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de <i><b><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="stq:">Saterfriese uitgave</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wikibooks mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Saterfries" class="extiw" title="b:Saterfries">Wikibooks</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> heeft meer over dit onderwerp: <i><b><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Saterfries" class="extiw" title="b:Saterfries">Saterfries</a></b></i>.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&oldid=67728701">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saterfries&oldid=67728701</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bedreigde_taal" title="Categorie:Bedreigde taal">Bedreigde taal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Friese_taal" title="Categorie:Friese taal">Friese taal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cultuur_in_Nedersaksen" title="Categorie:Cultuur in Nedersaksen">Cultuur in Nedersaksen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Saterland" title="Categorie:Saterland">Saterland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Wel_afbeelding_lokaal_en_geen_op_Wikidata" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Wel afbeelding lokaal en geen op Wikidata">Wikipedia:Wel afbeelding lokaal en geen op Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 26 jun 2024 om 16:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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