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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Géographie_et_climat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Géographie et climat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Géographie_et_climat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faune_et_flore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faune_et_flore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Faune et flore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faune_et_flore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Économie_et_tourisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Économie_et_tourisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Économie et tourisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Économie_et_tourisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Munnar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 26 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مونار – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مونار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83%D9%89)" title="مونار (بلده فى ادوكى) – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مونار (بلده فى ادوكى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মুন্নার – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুন্নার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar_(lungsod_sa_Indiya)" title="Munnar (lungsod sa Indiya) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Munnar (lungsod sa Indiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Munnar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Munnar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Munnar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Munnar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0" title="મુનાર – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુનાર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8" title="מונאר – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="मुन्नार – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुन्नार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Munnar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮುನ್ನಾರ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುನ್ನಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="മൂന്നാർ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൂന്നാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="मुन्नार – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुन्नार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Munnar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0" title="ମୁନ୍ନାର – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମୁନ୍ନାର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮੁਨਾਰ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਨਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Munnar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Муннар – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муннар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D" title="मुन्नार् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुन्नार्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar_(ort_i_Indien)" title="Munnar (ort i Indien) – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Munnar (ort i Indien)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மூணார் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூணார்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="మున్నార్ – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మున్నార్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مونار – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مونار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%95%E9%82%A3%E5%B0%94" title="慕那尔 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="慕那尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1025124#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munnar" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Munnar" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munnar"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munnar"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" 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page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>.</div> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete entete map" style="background-color:#DDFFDD;color:black;">Munnar<br />മുന്നാർ<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Munnar_hillstation_kerala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Munnar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Munnar_hillstation_kerala.jpg/280px-Munnar_hillstation_kerala.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Munnar_hillstation_kerala.jpg/420px-Munnar_hillstation_kerala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Munnar_hillstation_kerala.jpg/560px-Munnar_hillstation_kerala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="771" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Administration</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_du_monde" title="Liste des pays du monde">Pays</a> </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Inde"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Inde"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Inde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats_et_territoires_de_l%27Inde" title="États et territoires de l'Inde">État ou territoire</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Districts_de_l%27Inde" title="Districts de l'Inde">District</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Idukki" class="mw-redirect" title="Idukki">Idukki</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Maire" title="Maire">Maire</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Mandat_politique" title="Mandat politique">Mandat</a> </th> <td>Praveena Ravikumar (<a href="/wiki/Sarpanch" title="Sarpanch">Sarpanch</a>) <br />2020-2025 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Index_postal" title="Index postal">Index postal</a> </th> <td>685612 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fuseau_horaire" title="Fuseau horaire">Fuseau horaire</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Heure_normale_de_l%27Inde" title="Heure normale de l'Inde">IST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a>) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plan_de_num%C3%A9rotation_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonique_en_Inde" title="Plan de numérotation téléphonique en Inde">Indicatif</a> </th> <td>+91 4865 </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Démographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Recensement_de_la_population" title="Recensement de la population">Population</a> </th> <td>68 205 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant">hab.</abbr> <small>(2001<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>)</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align: bottom"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_population" title="Densité de population">Densité</a></th> <td>122 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant par kilomètre carré">hab./km<sup>2</sup></abbr></td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Géographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques" title="Coordonnées géographiques">Coordonnées</a> </th><td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/10.0891/77.0597/fr" data-zoom="9" data-lat="10.0891" data-lon="77.0597" data-overlays="["_55838d95d4c145b3168b18374310849be25eb6be"]">10° 05′ 21″ nord, 77° 03′ 35″ est</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">Altitude</a> </th> <td>1 600 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Aire_(g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie)#Superficie" title="Aire (géométrie)">Superficie</a> </th> <td><span title="557 000 000 m² ou 557 km²" style="cursor:help">55 700</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="hectare">ha</abbr> = 557 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Localisation</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="img_toggle" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:India_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte topographique d'Inde"><img alt="Voir sur la carte topographique d'Inde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/280px-India_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/420px-India_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg/560px-India_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(84.341230769231% - 8px);left:calc(31.4365625% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_12.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/16px-City_locator_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/24px-City_locator_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/32px-City_locator_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:110%;bottom:calc(100% - 84.341230769231% + 0.5em);left:calc(31.4365625% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Munnar<br />മുന്നാർ</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte administrative d'Inde"><img alt="Voir sur la carte administrative d'Inde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/280px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/420px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/560px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(84.341230769231% - 8px);left:calc(31.4365625% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_12.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/16px-City_locator_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/24px-City_locator_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/32px-City_locator_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:110%;bottom:calc(100% - 84.341230769231% + 0.5em);left:calc(31.4365625% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Munnar<br />മുന്നാർ</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:India_Kerala_relief_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte topographique du Kerala"><img alt="Voir sur la carte topographique du Kerala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_Kerala_relief_map.png/280px-India_Kerala_relief_map.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_Kerala_relief_map.png/420px-India_Kerala_relief_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_Kerala_relief_map.png/560px-India_Kerala_relief_map.png 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="1205" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(58.218% - 8px);left:calc(73.134285714286% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_12.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/16px-City_locator_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/24px-City_locator_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/32px-City_locator_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:110%;bottom:calc(100% - 58.218% + 0.5em);left:calc(73.134285714286% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Munnar<br />മുന്നാർ</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:India_Kerala_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte administrative du Kerala"><img alt="Voir sur la carte administrative du Kerala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/280px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/420px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/560px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1274" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(58.218% - 8px);left:calc(73.134285714286% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_12.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/16px-City_locator_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/24px-City_locator_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/City_locator_12.svg/32px-City_locator_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:110%;bottom:calc(100% - 58.218% + 0.5em);left:calc(73.134285714286% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Munnar<br />മുന്നാർ</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:left;"><div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #DDFFDD solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Ville_d%27Inde" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Mūnnār</b> (മുന്നാർ en <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">malayalam</a>, prononcé [ˈmuːnːɑːr]) est une ville et une <a href="/wiki/Station_de_montagne" title="Station de montagne">station de montagne</a> du sud-ouest du <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, située à environ 1600 m d'altitude sur la chaîne des <a href="/wiki/Ghats_occidentaux" title="Ghats occidentaux">Ghats occidentaux</a>. Le nom Munnar voudrait dire "trois rivières", la ville étant située au confluent du Madupetti, du Nallathanni et du Periavaru<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Munnar_Top_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Munnar_Top_station.jpg/220px-Munnar_Top_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Munnar_Top_station.jpg/330px-Munnar_Top_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Munnar_Top_station.jpg/440px-Munnar_Top_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>Les plantations de thé de Munnar sont parmi les plus hautes d'Inde.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'histoire de Munnar est indubitablement liée à la culture du thé. </p><p>La ville se fit connaître des occidentaux avec la visite de John Daniel Munro dans les années 1870<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Munro, qui devait résoudre un différend frontalier entre l’<a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Madras" title="Présidence de Madras">État de Madras</a> et le <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="État de Travancore">royaume de Travancore</a>, fut impressionné par la beauté de la région. Celui-ci avait alors un grand intérêt pour les plantations et remarqua que les collines du Kanan Devan avait un grand potentiel agricole. Il se rendit alors au palais de la famille Poonjar, qui avait un contrôle absolu sur les terres de la région. Il convainquit le chef de la famille, Rohini Thirunal Kerala Varma Valiya Raja de lui laisser les collines du Kanan Devan pour une coquette somme. Ainsi en 1877, Munro loua pour 3 000 roupies par an les 55 000 hectares de terre laissés par la famille royale et fonda la North Travancore Land Planting & Agricultural Society en 1879. Il commença à planter du café, de la cardamome et de la <a href="/wiki/Quinquina_(botanique)" title="Quinquina (botanique)">quinquina</a>. Cependant, ces cultures furent rapidement abandonnées quand la société découvrit que la région était plus propice à la théiculture<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En 1924, Munnar fut en proie à une terrible <a href="/wiki/Mousson" title="Mousson">mousson</a> qui provoqua glissements de terrain et autres inondations. De nombreuses plantations furent ruinées. Cependant les habitants parvinrent à tout replanter en l'espace de quelques mois. </p><p>La région, bien que "découverte" avec l'arrivée des plantations de thé, ne devint véritablement touristique qu'à partir de la seconde moitié du <a href="/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Géographie_et_climat"><span id="G.C3.A9ographie_et_climat"></span>Géographie et climat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Géographie et climat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Géographie et climat"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La région autour de Munnar est montagneuse et l'altitude y varie entre 1 450 et 2 695 mètres. Il y règne un climat subtropical d'altitude (Cwb selon la <a href="/wiki/Classification_de_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Classification de Köppen">classification de Köppen</a>) avec des températures douces toute l'année et des précipitations abondantes en été. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable centre" style="text-align:center; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <caption>Relevé météorologique de Munnar</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="unsortable">Mois</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="janvier">jan.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="février">fév.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">mars</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">avril</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">mai</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">juin</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="juillet">jui.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">août</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="septembre">sep.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="octobre">oct.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="novembre">nov.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="décembre">déc.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">année</th> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Température minimale moyenne (<a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a>)</th> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">12,9</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">13,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">15,1</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">16,5</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">17,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">16,9</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">16,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">16,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">16</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">15,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">14,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">13,5</td> <td><b>15,42</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Température moyenne (°C)</th> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">17,6</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">18,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">20,2</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">21</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">21,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">20,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">19,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">19,5</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">19,6</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">19,2</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">18,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">17,7</td> <td><b>19,4</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Température maximale moyenne (°C)</th> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">22,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">23,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">25,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">25,6</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">25,6</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">23,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">22,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">22,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">23,2</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">22,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">21,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">21,9</td> <td><b>23,4</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Précipitations (<a href="/wiki/Millim%C3%A8tre" title="Millimètre">mm</a>)</th> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">18</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">29</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">47</td> <td style="background-color:#B4C8FF">129</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">189</td> <td style="background-color:#6478FF">420</td> <td style="background-color:#6478FF">583</td> <td style="background-color:#6478FF">364</td> <td style="background-color:#6478FF">210</td> <td style="background-color:#6478FF">253</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">164</td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">64</td> <td><b>2 470</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Nombre de jours avec précipitations</th> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>12</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> </tr> </tbody></table><div style="margin-top: -1em; text-align:center; font-size:85%">Source : <b>Weatherbase</b><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.climate-data.org/location/34154/">[1]</a>, <b>Climate-Data.org</b></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Faune_et_flore">Faune et flore</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Faune et flore" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Faune et flore"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La plupart des espèces animales et végétales ont disparu de la région à cause des plantations de thé. Cependant certaines subsistent dans les zones protégées, comme le sanctuaire de Kurinjimala ou le sanctuaire de Chinnar. Ces zones sont connues pour abriter des espèces menacées comme le <a href="/wiki/Tahr_des_Nilgiri" title="Tahr des Nilgiri">Tahr des Nilgiri</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cureuil_g%C3%A9ant_de_Ceylan" title="Écureuil géant de Ceylan">écureuil géant de Ceylan</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Gayal" title="Gayal">gaur</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Sambar" title="Sambar">sambar</a> ou le <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_d%27Elphinstone" title="Pigeon d'Elphinstone">pigeon d'Elphinstone</a>. Le <i><a href="/wiki/Strobilanthes_kunthiana" title="Strobilanthes kunthiana">Strobilanthes kunthiana</a></i> ("Neelakurinji" en Malayalam), une fleur bleue dont la floraison n'advient que tous les 12 ans, est endémique à la région. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Économie_et_tourisme"><span id=".C3.89conomie_et_tourisme"></span>Économie et tourisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Économie et tourisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Économie et tourisme"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9" title="Thé">thé</a> a commencé à être cultivé à Munnar en 1878<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Aujourd'hui ce sont près de 24 000 hectares de plantations de thé qui recouvrent la région de Munnar, pour un rendement annuel de 50 000 tonnes. Les plantations de thé ont attiré de nombreux touristes (245 438 touristes en 2010, dont 19 690 étrangers<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) et l'on compte en 2014 près de 240 offres d'hébergements (hôtels, lodges)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le premier musée du thé du pays a d'ailleurs ouvert à Munnar<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transports">Transports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Transports" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transports"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La ville, bien que touristique, est relativement isolée. Ainsi, la gare ferroviaire la plus proche<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> est à <a href="/wiki/Bodinayakanur" title="Bodinayakanur">Bodinayakanur</a> (à environ 60 km) et l'aéroport le plus proche (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aéroport international Cochin">COK</a>) à 110 km de route. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munnar&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Kerala.xls">http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Kerala.xls</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Munnar"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Town in Kerala</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">wikivoyage.org</span>, <i>Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2003-12-19" data-sort-value="2003-12-19">19 décembre 2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-09-21" data-sort-value="2020-09-21">21 septembre 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keralatourism.org/munnar/munnar-history.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">History of Munnar, Hill station, Plantation era, Idukki, Kerala, India</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Kerala Tourism - Munnar</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-09-21" data-sort-value="2020-09-21">21 septembre 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.munnar.com"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Munnar Resorts, Munnar hotels, Munnar accommodation, Munnar tourism, munnar…</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">munnar.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-14" data-sort-value="2023-04-14">14 avril 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandplazamunnar.com/tea-plantation.html"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">grandplazamunnar.com/tea-plant…</cite></a> »<sup class="plainlinks">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.grandplazamunnar.com/tea-plantation.html">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.grandplazamunnar.com/tea-plantation.html">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/http://www.grandplazamunnar.com/tea-plantation.html">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl=fr&q=cache:http://www.grandplazamunnar.com/tea-plantation.html">Google</a> • <a href="/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes#J'ai_trouvé_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire ?</a>)</sup></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIBG/2012/01/09&PageLabel=1&EntityId=Ar00106&ViewMode=HTML">http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIBG/2012/01/09&PageLabel=1&EntityId=Ar00106&ViewMode=HTML</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.holidayiq.com/hotels/munnar/">http://www.holidayiq.com/hotels/munnar/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2020">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kdhptea.com/TeaMuseum.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Tea Museum - Munnar Tourism</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Kanan Devan Hills Plantations Company…</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-01-07" data-sort-value="2020-01-07">7 janvier 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-14" data-sort-value="2023-04-14">14 avril 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/tea-museum-munnar/351"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Tea Museum in Munnar / Kerala Tourism</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Kerala Tourism</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-09-21" data-sort-value="2020-09-21">21 septembre 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar?oldid=601564468">Munnar</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnar?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Inde" title="Portail de l’Inde"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/50px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/66px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Inde" title="Portail:Inde">Portail de l’Inde</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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